A cloud-based IoT device linkage and collaborative control method

Abstract

This invention provides a cloud computing-based IoT device linkage and collaborative control method, belonging to the field of device collaborative control technology. Based on actual experimental results, this invention analyzes the heat loss status of each water-using terminal and the predicted hot water delivery time. According to the set temperature and set flow rate of each water-using terminal, it determines the minimum initial heat and initial flow rate that the water heater needs to provide, ensuring that each water-using terminal achieves the required set temperature and set flow rate. Simultaneously, based on the predicted hot water delivery time, it precisely adjusts the valve openings of the hot and cold water outlets of each water-using terminal, ensuring that even when the temperature and flow rate change at other water-using terminals, this water-using terminal can still maintain the set temperature and set flow rate, reducing the degree of mutual influence between different water-using terminals and improving user comfort.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of device collaborative control technology, specifically to a cloud computing-based Internet of Things (IoT) device linkage and collaborative control method. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of smart homes, more and more devices are interconnected, enabling collaborative control between them through cloud computing. For example, between a water heater and the user terminal, the user terminal can receive cloud commands to automatically adjust the valve openings of the hot and cold water outlets, keeping the temperature and flow rate constant and improving user comfort. Cloud computing allows for personalized system customization for each user, ensuring that each user can adjust the device collaborative control parameters to suit their specific usage environment. Furthermore, rapid adjustments can be made via network connectivity.

[0003] In real-world water usage environments, the water flow within the same pipe is affected by its physical properties. Even a slight change at one outlet can cause changes at other outlets. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced when controlling the temperature and flow at the water-using end. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate the water usage and flow input conditions along the entire pipeline route in real time based on the usage conditions at the water-using end.

[0004] In the prior art, the technical document with publication number CN116224784A discloses a model predictive control method for adjusting the opening degree of a heating hot water valve. The method involves acquiring first indoor temperature data under the action of the valve opening value, inputting the first indoor temperature data into a valve control model, calculating a predicted value of the valve opening, and remotely applying the predicted value of the valve opening to the valve at the hot water inlet in the heating pipeline. The valve control model is obtained by fitting the valve opening value and historical indoor temperature data under the action of the opening value.

[0005] While the publicly available technical documents demonstrate valve control at the water-using end, they do not consider the mutual influence between different water-using ends, nor do they consider the coordinated control of the water heater end and all other water-using ends.

[0006] The information disclosed in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cloud computing-based method for the coordinated control of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A cloud-based IoT device linkage and collaborative control method, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Conduct a heat loss experiment on the hot water pipes to obtain the heat loss of each hot water outlet under different initial heat energy conditions. The initial heat energy is the heat of the water at the hot water outlet of the water heater. Plot the loss curve for each hot water outlet. The horizontal axis of the loss curve is the initial heat energy, and the vertical axis is the heat loss.

[0011] Step 2: Conduct a hot water pipeline delivery delay experiment to obtain the time it takes for hot water to reach each hot water outlet under different initial flow conditions and different flow rates, and mark it as delivery duration. The initial flow rate is the flow rate of water at the hot water outlet of the water heater. Using the initial flow rate and the flow rate of each hot water outlet as features, and the duration of each hot water outlet as a label, input the data into the forest regression model for training to obtain the duration prediction model and obtain the predicted delivery duration of each hot water outlet.

[0012] Step 3: Obtain the set temperature and set flow rate of all water-using terminals. Combined with the heat loss of each water-using terminal, select the maximum heat energy that the water heater is required to reach at each hot water outlet as the initial heat energy of the water heater. Based on the set temperature, set flow rate and initial temperature of each water-using terminal, obtain the initial flow rate at the hot water outlet of the water heater.

[0013] Step 4: Obtain the correspondence between valve opening and flow rate, and calculate the valve opening of the hot water outlet and the cold water outlet for each water outlet based on the set temperature, set flow rate, initial temperature and initial flow rate of each water outlet. Then, obtain the predicted delivery time of hot water to each outlet based on the flow rate and initial flow rate of each hot water outlet, and determine the adjustment time of the valves at each water outlet based on the time of initial temperature change.

[0014] Furthermore, a heat loss experiment was conducted in the hot water pipes, and the specific method of the heat loss experiment is as follows:

[0015] Hot water is injected into the hot water pipe from the hot water outlet of the water heater, and the heat energy at this point is marked as the initial heat energy. Then, the valves of all hot water outlets on the hot water pipe are opened, and the outlet heat energy of the hot water discharged from each hot water outlet is measured. The initial heat energy and outlet heat energy represent the heat contained in a unit flow rate. All hot water outlets are numbered and named as Hot Water Outlet 1, Hot Water Outlet 2, ..., Hot Water Outlet 3, ... Hot water outlet, ..., the Hot water outlet, , , Given the total number of hot water outlets, heat is collected at each hot water outlet, and heat loss is calculated using the following formula:

[0016] ;

[0017] in, Indicates the first Heat loss at the hot water outlet Represents the initial thermal energy. Indicates the first The heat energy at the outlet of the hot water outlet;

[0018] Multiple experiments were conducted, each with a different initial thermal energy. The heat loss of each hot water outlet was recorded at different initial thermal energies. Taking a single hot water outlet as the unit, the heat loss obtained through the experiment was marked on a Cartesian coordinate system, with the horizontal axis representing the initial thermal energy and the vertical axis representing the heat loss. The resulting discrete points were fitted to form the loss curve of each hot water outlet with respect to the initial thermal energy.

[0019] Furthermore, a delivery delay test was conducted on the hot water pipeline. The specific method of the delivery delay test is as follows:

[0020] Room temperature water is injected into the hot water pipe from the hot water outlet of the water heater, and the flow rate at this time is marked as the initial flow rate. Simultaneously, the number and flow rates of the hot water outlets are randomly opened, and the flow rate of each hot water outlet is recorded. The flow rate of any closed hot water outlet is marked as 0. Then, the hot water pipe is instantly connected to the hot water supply, maintaining the initial flow rate. Starting from this moment, the time it takes for hot water to flow from each hot water outlet is recorded as the end point. The total duration of this process is the delivery time of that hot water outlet, and the current state is recorded. The delivery time of any closed hot water outlet is marked as 0, forming a time dataset. The formula used is as follows:

[0021] ;

[0022] in, Represents a duration dataset, Indicates the initial flow. , , and These represent the first hot water outlet, the second hot water outlet, and the third hot water outlet, respectively. The first hot water outlet and the first The flow rate of each hot water outlet , , and These represent the first hot water outlet, the second hot water outlet, and the third hot water outlet, respectively. The first hot water outlet and the first Delivery time of each hot water outlet;

[0023] Then, the initial flow rate, the number of hot water outlets, and the flow rate of each hot water outlet are continuously adjusted, and the duration dataset is continuously acquired.

[0024] Furthermore, all duration datasets are aggregated, and duration prediction models are trained for each hot water outlet separately, as follows:

[0025] Remove the dataset with a delivery time of 0 for the current hot water outlet. Use the delivery time of the current hot water outlet as the label, and the initial flow rate corresponding to the label and the flow rate of each hot water outlet as features. Input the data into a random forest regression model for training. Label the trained model as the delivery time prediction model. The output result is the predicted delivery time of hot water to each hot water outlet.

[0026] Furthermore, the maximum heat energy required to obtain all the opened hot water outlets is determined. The logic for obtaining the maximum heat energy is as follows:

[0027] The set temperature and set flow rate of each water-using terminal are obtained, the cold water temperature at the cold water outlet is obtained, and the outlet heat energy of the hot water outlet of each water-using terminal is obtained, based on the following formula:

[0028] ;

[0029] in, For the first The heat energy at the outlet of the water, The specific heat capacity of water, Indicates the first The set temperature of the water outlet, Indicates the temperature of cold water. The density of water, The search variable represents the hot water outlet that has been opened. , , This indicates the total number of hot water outlets that have been opened.

[0030] Based on the initial heat energy loss curve of each hot water outlet, the initial heat energy required for the hot water outlet of the water heater to reach at each hot water outlet is obtained using the following formula:

[0031] ;

[0032] in, This indicates the initial heat output at the water heater outlet. Indicates the first The heat energy at the outlet of the water, This indicates that when the initial thermal energy is Time Heat loss at the water outlet;

[0033] Compare the initial heat energy required for each hot water outlet to reach the water outlet of the water heater, select the largest value as the maximum heat energy, and use the maximum heat energy as the initial heat energy at the hot water outlet of the water heater.

[0034] Furthermore, the formula used to obtain the initial flow rate at the hot water outlet of the water heater based on the set flow rate and set temperature at each water outlet is as follows:

[0035] ;

[0036] in, This indicates the initial flow rate of the water heater. Indicates the first The set flow rate of the already opened hot water outlet Indicates the first The set temperature of the already opened hot water outlet Indicates the temperature of cold water. This indicates the temperature set at the water outlet with the highest set temperature. Indicates density, This indicates the first time when the initial thermal energy is the highest thermal energy. Heat loss at the water outlet Indicates the highest thermal energy. The search variable represents the hot water outlet that has been opened. , , This indicates the total number of hot water outlets that have been opened.

[0037] Furthermore, the relationship between valve opening and flow rate is obtained from the merchant, based on the following formula:

[0038] ;

[0039] in, Indicates flow rate. Indicates the degree of openness. , , Formula representing the relationship between opening degree and flow rate;

[0040] Based on the set temperature and set flow rate at each water outlet, the valve opening of the hot water outlet and the valve opening of the cold water outlet at each water outlet are calculated separately, using the following formulas:

[0041] ;

[0042] in, Indicates the first The opening degree of the valve of the already opened hot water outlet. The inverse function of the formula relating opening degree and flow rate;

[0043] ;

[0044] in, Indicates the first The opening degree of the valve of the already opened cold water outlet.

[0045] Furthermore, when there is a temperature adjustment or flow change at the water end, the initial heat and initial flow of the hot water outlet of the water heater, as well as the valve opening of the hot and cold water outlets at each water end, are recalculated. When the calculation result indicates that the initial heat needs to be increased, the water heater controls the initial heat and initial flow of the water outlet by autonomously coordinating to increase power and draw hot water stored in the hot water tank.

[0046] Furthermore, after the water heater changes the initial heat and initial flow, the valve opening of each opened hot water outlet is obtained, and the flow of each hot water outlet is calculated based on the valve opening. The flow of all hot water outlets and the initial flow are summarized and input into the time prediction model corresponding to each hot water outlet, and the predicted delivery time of the hot water with changed initial heat to each hot water outlet is obtained.

[0047] Starting from the time it takes for the water heater to change its initial heat, after waiting for the predicted delivery time, the valve openings of the hot water outlet and cold water outlet are adjusted to the recalculated valve openings, thereby completing the valve openings of all hot water outlets and cold water outlets at the water-using ends.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0049] Based on actual experimental results, this invention analyzes the heat loss at each water outlet and the predicted hot water delivery time. According to the set temperature and flow rate at each water outlet, it determines the minimum initial heat and flow rate the water heater needs to provide, ensuring that each water outlet achieves the required set temperature and flow rate. Simultaneously, based on the predicted hot water delivery time, it precisely adjusts the valve openings of the hot and cold water outlets at each water outlet, ensuring that even when temperature and flow rates change at other water outlets, this water outlet can still maintain the set temperature and flow rate, reducing the degree of mutual influence between different water outlets and improving user comfort. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall method flow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0052] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0053] Example:

[0054] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0055] A cloud-based IoT device linkage and collaborative control method, comprising the following steps:

[0056] Step 1: Conduct a heat loss experiment on the hot water pipes to obtain the heat loss of each hot water outlet under different initial heat energy conditions. The initial heat energy is the heat of the water at the hot water outlet of the water heater. Plot the loss curve for each hot water outlet. The horizontal axis of the loss curve is the initial heat energy, and the vertical axis is the heat loss.

[0057] Step 1 includes the following:

[0058] A heat loss experiment was conducted in a hot water pipe, and the specific method of the heat loss experiment is as follows:

[0059] Hot water is injected into the hot water pipe from the hot water outlet of the water heater, and the heat energy at this point is marked as the initial heat energy. Then, the valves of all hot water outlets on the hot water pipe are opened, and the outlet heat energy of the hot water discharged from each hot water outlet is measured. The initial heat energy and outlet heat energy represent the heat contained in a unit flow rate. All hot water outlets are numbered and named as Hot Water Outlet 1, Hot Water Outlet 2, ..., Hot Water Outlet 3, ... Hot water outlet, ..., the Hot water outlet, , , Given the total number of hot water outlets, heat is collected at each hot water outlet, and heat loss is calculated using the following formula:

[0060] ;

[0061] in, Indicates the first Heat loss at the hot water outlet Represents the initial thermal energy. Indicates the first The heat energy at the outlet of the hot water outlet;

[0062] Multiple experiments were conducted, each with a different initial thermal energy. The heat loss of each hot water outlet was recorded at different initial thermal energies. Taking a single hot water outlet as the unit, the heat loss obtained through the experiment was marked on a Cartesian coordinate system, with the horizontal axis representing the initial thermal energy and the vertical axis representing the heat loss. The resulting discrete points were fitted to form the loss curve of each hot water outlet with respect to the initial thermal energy.

[0063] By conducting heat loss experiments on hot water pipes, the system collects heat loss data for each hot water outlet under different initial heat energies. Loss curves are then fitted to provide a precise quantitative basis for subsequent heat energy allocation. Multiple sets of data corresponding to initial heat energy and heat loss are obtained through repeated experiments, converted into discrete points, and fitted into a continuous loss curve. This data processing method not only captures the nonlinear characteristics of heat loss but also visually reveals the regular relationship between heat loss and initial heat energy through a Cartesian coordinate system, providing a reliable reference for determining the initial heat energy of the water heater in step 3. The experimental data acquisition and fitting logic effectively addresses the influence of different pipe materials, lengths, or ambient temperatures, ensuring the universality of the heat loss model and reducing energy waste caused by heat energy estimation errors in actual operation. The high precision and visualization characteristics of the data processing provide a solid foundation for subsequent heat energy calculations. Furthermore, the data-driven approach enhances the system's scientific rigor and scalability, laying the foundation for heat energy management in complex multi-water-end scenarios.

[0064] Step 2: Conduct a hot water pipeline delivery delay experiment to obtain the time it takes for hot water to reach each hot water outlet under different initial flow conditions and different flow rates, and mark it as delivery duration. The initial flow rate is the flow rate of water at the hot water outlet of the water heater. Using the initial flow rate and the flow rate of each hot water outlet as features, and the duration of each hot water outlet as a label, input the data into the forest regression model for training to obtain the duration prediction model and obtain the predicted delivery duration of each hot water outlet.

[0065] Step 2 includes the following:

[0066] Step 201: Conduct a delivery delay test on the hot water pipeline. The specific method of the delivery delay test is as follows:

[0067] Room temperature water is injected into the hot water pipe from the hot water outlet of the water heater, and the flow rate at this time is marked as the initial flow rate. Simultaneously, the number and flow rates of the hot water outlets are randomly opened, and the flow rate of each hot water outlet is recorded. The flow rate of any closed hot water outlet is marked as 0. Then, the hot water pipe is instantly connected to the hot water supply, maintaining the initial flow rate. Starting from this moment, the time it takes for hot water to flow from each hot water outlet is recorded as the end point. The total duration of this process is the delivery time of that hot water outlet, and the current state is recorded. The delivery time of any closed hot water outlet is marked as 0, forming a time dataset. The formula used is as follows:

[0068] ;

[0069] in, Represents a duration dataset, Indicates the initial flow. , , and These represent the first hot water outlet, the second hot water outlet, and the third hot water outlet, respectively. The first hot water outlet and the first The flow rate of each hot water outlet , , and These represent the first hot water outlet, the second hot water outlet, and the third hot water outlet, respectively. The first hot water outlet and the first Delivery time of each hot water outlet;

[0070] Then, the initial flow rate, the number of hot water outlets, and the flow rate of each hot water outlet are continuously adjusted, and the duration dataset is continuously acquired.

[0071] The delivery delay experiment recorded the delivery time of hot water to each hot water outlet under different initial flow rates and hot water outlet opening states, forming a structured time dataset, which provides rich data support for the training of subsequent time prediction models. By randomizing the number of hot water outlets and flow rates, diverse real-world usage scenarios were simulated. Data sets including initial flow rates, flow rates at each hot water outlet, and corresponding delivery times were collected, with unopened hot water outlets marked as having zero time to ensure dataset integrity. This comprehensive coverage of various possible operating conditions avoided data bias and ensured the robustness of subsequent model training. The introduction of randomization simulated complex operations that users might perform in actual use (such as simultaneously opening multiple outlets or adjusting flow rates), enabling the dataset to realistically reflect the dynamic characteristics of the pipeline system. The structured storage of the time dataset facilitates efficient input for model training in step 202 and provides a foundation for subsequent real-time predictions by the system.

[0072] Step 202: Summarize all duration datasets and train duration prediction models for each hot water outlet, as follows:

[0073] Remove the dataset with a delivery time of 0 for the current hot water outlet. Use the delivery time of the current hot water outlet as the label, and the initial flow rate corresponding to the label and the flow rate of each hot water outlet as features. Input the data into a random forest regression model for training. Label the trained model as the delivery time prediction model. The output result is the predicted delivery time of hot water to each hot water outlet.

[0074] By aggregating the duration dataset and training a random forest regression model for each hot water outlet, the system achieves accurate prediction of delivery duration based on initial flow rate and flow rate at each hot water outlet, providing crucial support for optimizing subsequent valve adjustment timing. Valid datasets with non-zero delivery durations are selected, and a random forest regression model is trained using initial flow rate and flow rate at each hot water outlet as features and delivery duration as a label, outputting a duration prediction model for each hot water outlet. The nonlinear modeling capability of random forests effectively handles the complex relationships of multivariate inputs, ensuring the accuracy of the prediction results. The removal of invalid data (data with zero delivery duration) during data processing improves the efficiency and relevance of model training, avoiding interference from irrelevant data. The trained duration prediction model seamlessly integrates with the data acquisition in step 201, providing accurate input for valve adjustment based on predicted duration in step 4. Through data-driven prediction capabilities, the system can quickly respond to user needs in complex and ever-changing usage scenarios, reducing unnecessary waiting time, significantly improving user experience, and providing data support for dynamic system optimization.

[0075] Step 3: Obtain the set temperature and set flow rate of all water-using terminals. Combined with the heat loss of each water-using terminal, select the maximum heat energy that the water heater is required to reach at each hot water outlet as the initial heat energy of the water heater. Based on the set temperature, set flow rate and initial temperature of each water-using terminal, obtain the initial flow rate at the hot water outlet of the water heater.

[0076] Step 3 includes the following:

[0077] Step 301: Obtain the maximum heat energy required by all opened hot water outlets. The logic for obtaining the maximum heat energy is as follows:

[0078] The set temperature and set flow rate of each water-using terminal are obtained, the cold water temperature at the cold water outlet is obtained, and the outlet heat energy of the hot water outlet of each water-using terminal is obtained, based on the following formula:

[0079] ;

[0080] in, For the first The heat energy at the outlet of the water, The specific heat capacity of water, Indicates the first The set temperature of the water outlet, Indicates the temperature of cold water. The density of water, The search variable represents the hot water outlet that has been opened. , , This indicates the total number of hot water outlets that have been opened.

[0081] Indicates the first The outlet heat energy of each hot water outlet specifically reflects the heat carried by a unit flow rate of hot water at each opened hot water outlet in a hot water supply system. This heat energy is a key parameter for meeting the set temperature requirements at the water-using end, directly affecting whether the hot water temperature experienced by the user in actual use scenarios meets expectations. In a real environment, This reflects the water heater's ability to provide hot water at its set temperature to each user when multiple users are operating simultaneously. It addresses the challenge of accurately calculating heat energy distribution based on user needs, preventing insufficient heat energy leading to substandard water temperatures or excessive heat energy resulting in energy waste. The formula... (No. (Set temperature of each hot water outlet) (Cold water temperature) (Specific heat capacity of water) and (The density of water). Among them, It is the target temperature set by the user according to actual needs (such as taking a shower, washing vegetables, etc.), reflecting the user's personalized requirements for hot water temperature; It is the actual temperature of the cold water pipe, which is usually determined by the environment or water supply system and affects the final temperature after the hot and cold water are mixed. and These are the physical properties of water, namely the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of water and the density of water, which determine the physical basis for thermal energy calculations. This is related to these independent variables because the calculation of thermal energy is essentially based on the fundamental physical principle of heat transfer, namely, heat equals the product of mass, specific heat capacity, and temperature change. In this formula, This indicates the required temperature increase for hot water, multiplied by... This is converted into heat energy per unit flow rate to ensure that the calculation results reflect actual heat demand. The influence relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable is as follows: The higher the temperature difference The larger, The increase in temperature means that more heat energy is needed to meet the higher set temperature. The higher the temperature, the smaller the temperature difference. The decrease reflects the reduction in heat energy required when the cold water temperature is higher. This change ensures that the system can dynamically calculate the heat energy required for each hot water outlet based on the user's set temperature requirements and the actual cold water temperature. This provides an accurate basis for determining the initial heat energy of the water heater, thereby optimizing heat energy distribution and improving the user experience.

[0082] Based on the initial heat energy loss curve of each hot water outlet, the initial heat energy required for the hot water outlet of the water heater to reach at each hot water outlet is obtained using the following formula:

[0083] ;

[0084] in, This indicates the initial heat output at the water heater outlet. Indicates the first The heat energy at the outlet of the water, This indicates that when the initial thermal energy is Time Heat loss at the water outlet;

[0085] This represents the initial heat energy at the hot water outlet of the water heater, specifically reflecting the water heater's ability to meet the first requirement. The initial heat energy required per unit flow rate to meet the temperature demand of each hot water outlet is a core parameter of the system. This initial heat energy directly determines whether the water heater can provide sufficient heat to each hot water outlet in multi-user scenarios to ensure that the user's set temperature requirements are met. In a real-world environment... This solves the problem of accurately determining the water heater's output heat energy based on pipe heat loss and user needs, avoiding insufficient water temperature due to setting the heat energy too low, or energy waste due to setting it too high. The independent variables in the formula include... (No. (the outlet heat energy of each hot water outlet) and (When the initial thermal energy is) Time (Heat loss from each hot water outlet). Among them... It is through the formula mentioned above in step 301 The calculated value represents the heat energy required for the user to set the temperature, reflecting the user's actual demand for hot water temperature. The loss curve, derived from the heat loss experiment in step 1, represents the rate at which hot water is transferred through the pipe to the first... The heat lost during the process of heat dissipation and other factors at each hot water outlet reflects the influence of the physical characteristics of the pipeline system on heat transfer. These independent variables are related because the initial heat energy output by the water heater must compensate for heat losses in the pipes and meet the heat energy demand at the outlet. The formula is derived by... and Add them together and directly calculate the result that satisfies the condition. The initial heat energy required by each hot water outlet ensures that the hot water reaches the user's set temperature after passing through the pipes. The influence relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable is as follows: The higher the value, the higher the temperature setting required by the user. A corresponding increase is needed to meet this demand; This reflects the magnitude of heat loss in the pipeline, which can occur due to pipeline length or environmental heat dissipation conditions. When it increases, Additional funds are needed to compensate for the losses. However, due to... It depends on itself (Determined by the loss curve), the formula can be iteratively solved to find the condition that is met. This relationship ensures that the system can dynamically calculate the initial heat energy required by the water heater based on user needs and pipeline characteristics. This provides a precise basis for selecting the maximum initial heat energy as the water heater's operating target, thereby optimizing heat energy distribution efficiency and improving the system's energy efficiency and user experience.

[0086] Compare the initial heat energy required for each hot water outlet to reach the water outlet of the water heater, select the largest value as the maximum heat energy, and use the maximum heat energy as the initial heat energy at the hot water outlet of the water heater.

[0087] By acquiring the set temperature, set flow rate, and cold water temperature at each water outlet, and combining this with the loss curve from step 1, the system calculates the initial heat energy required for each hot water outlet and selects the maximum value as the initial heat energy for the water heater, thus achieving precise matching of heat energy demand. Based on the set parameters of the water outlet and the cold water temperature, the system calculates the outlet heat energy, then uses the loss curve to deduce the required initial heat energy, and selects the highest heat energy as the control target through comparison. Through data integration and comparison calculations, the system ensures that the water heater can meet the needs of all opened hot water outlets while avoiding excessively high heat energy settings. By combining experimental data (loss curves) and real-time user input (set temperature and flow rate), the system transitions from static experimentation to dynamic application, enhancing its adaptability and accuracy. The strategy of selecting the highest heat energy not only ensures that the temperature at all water outlets meets the standard but also achieves energy-saving effects by minimizing heat energy redundancy. Furthermore, this data processing logic provides direct input for the calculation of the initial flow rate in step 302, ensuring coordinated optimization of heat energy and flow rate. Through data-driven heat energy selection, the system can maintain stability and efficiency when multiple water outlets operate simultaneously, providing a reliable foundation for subsequent valve adjustment and flow distribution.

[0088] Step 302: Obtain the initial flow rate at the hot water outlet of the water heater based on the set flow rate and set temperature at each water outlet, using the following formula:

[0089] ;

[0090] in, This indicates the initial flow rate of the water heater. Indicates the first The set flow rate of the already opened hot water outlet Indicates the first The set temperature of the already opened hot water outlet Indicates the temperature of cold water. This indicates the temperature set at the water outlet with the highest set temperature. Indicates density, This indicates the first time when the initial thermal energy is the highest thermal energy. Heat loss at the water outlet Indicates the highest thermal energy. The search variable represents the hot water outlet that has been opened. , , This indicates the total number of hot water outlets that have been opened.

[0091] This represents the initial flow rate at the hot water outlet of the water heater, specifically reflecting the total hot water flow rate required by the water heater to meet the set temperature and flow rate demands of all opened water outlets. This initial flow rate is a core control parameter of the hot water supply system, directly determining whether the water heater can rationally distribute hot water in complex scenarios where multiple water outlets are operating simultaneously, ensuring that the actual water temperature and flow rate at each water outlet meet user expectations. In a real-world environment, This solution addresses the challenge of calculating the optimal initial flow rate by comprehensively considering the individualized needs of each water user (set temperature and flow rate), cold water temperature, pipe heat loss, and the water heater's maximum heat output. This avoids supply interruptions due to insufficient flow or resource waste due to excessive flow. The independent variables in the formula include... (No. (Set flow rate of the already opened hot water outlet) (No. (Set temperature of the hot water outlet that has been opened) (Cold water temperature) (The temperature set at the water outlet with the highest set temperature) (When the initial thermal energy is the highest thermal energy) Time (Heat loss from each hot water outlet) (Specific heat capacity of water) and (The density of water). Among them, and This reflects the user's personalized needs for flow rate and temperature at each water outlet. For example, taking a shower may require a higher temperature and a larger flow rate, while washing hands may require a lower flow rate. It is the actual temperature of the cold water pipes, which affects the temperature after hot and cold water are mixed. This indicates the highest set temperature among all the water outlets that have been turned on, which determines the benchmark for the water heater's heat output. The loss curve from step 1 reflects the heat loss of hot water during pipeline transmission; and As a physical constant of water, it ensures the accurate conversion between heat energy and temperature. Related to these independent variables is the need to comprehensively consider the flow demand at each water outlet, temperature difference, and the impact of pipeline heat loss on the final output temperature when calculating the initial flow rate. This involves setting the flow rate for each hot water outlet. According to temperature difference With effective temperature difference The proportions are adjusted to obtain the total initial flow. The larger, the more it contributes. The higher the proportion of traffic; The higher the temperature difference Enlargement, leading to Increased to meet higher temperature requirements; The higher the temperature difference Decrease Reduce accordingly; The higher the denominator, the better. Increase The reduction reflects that higher heat output can reduce the required flow rate; The larger the denominator, the smaller the denominator. This is to compensate for heat loss. This formula ensures that the system can accurately calculate the initial flow rate based on the dynamic demand and pipe characteristics of each water user, providing a reliable basis for valve opening adjustment in step 4, thereby optimizing hot water distribution efficiency and improving the system's energy efficiency and user experience.

[0092] By integrating the set temperature, set flow rate, cold water temperature, and heat loss data from each water user, the system calculates the initial flow rate at the hot water outlet of the water heater, achieving precise control of the hot water supply flow rate. The data processing logic integrates multi-source data (set temperature, set flow rate, cold water temperature, and heat loss) to calculate the initial flow rate, ensuring that the needs of all water users are met. By combining user demand with pipeline characteristics, a dynamic balance in flow distribution is achieved. By comprehensively considering heat loss and temperature difference, the required output flow rate of the water heater is precisely quantified, avoiding energy waste due to excessive flow or supply interruptions due to insufficient flow. The data processing results are closely linked to the maximum heat energy calculation in step 301, forming a synergistic optimization of heat energy and flow rate, ensuring the overall consistency of the water heater's operating parameters. Furthermore, this multivariate-based flow calculation logic supports adaptive adjustment of the system in complex usage scenarios. For example, when multiple water users are simultaneously activated, the system can quickly adjust the flow distribution through data analysis, improving the system's response speed and stability. This provides crucial input for valve opening adjustment in step 4, enhancing the system's intelligence and user experience.

[0093] Step 4: Obtain the correspondence between valve opening and flow rate, and calculate the valve opening of the hot water outlet and the cold water outlet for each water outlet based on the set temperature, set flow rate, initial temperature and initial flow rate of each water outlet. Then, obtain the predicted delivery time of hot water to each outlet based on the flow rate and initial flow rate of each hot water outlet, and determine the adjustment time of the valves at each water outlet based on the time of initial temperature change.

[0094] Step 4 includes the following:

[0095] Step 401: Obtain the correspondence between valve opening and flow rate from the supplier, based on the following formula:

[0096] ;

[0097] in, Indicates flow rate. Indicates the degree of openness. , , Formula representing the relationship between opening degree and flow rate;

[0098] Based on the set temperature and set flow rate at each water outlet, the valve opening of the hot water outlet and the valve opening of the cold water outlet at each water outlet are calculated separately, using the following formulas:

[0099] ;

[0100] in, Indicates the first The opening degree of the valve of the already opened hot water outlet. The inverse function of the formula relating opening degree and flow rate;

[0101] ;

[0102] in, Indicates the first The opening degree of the valve of the already opened cold water outlet.

[0103] and They represent the first The opening degrees of the hot water outlet valve and the cold water outlet valve, respectively, reflect the required adjustment of the hot water outlet and cold water outlet valve openings in the hot water supply system to meet the set temperature and flow rate requirements of each user. These two dependent variables are key parameters for achieving precise water temperature control, directly determining whether the hot and cold water mixed through the hot and cold water outlets can reach the user-set temperature and flow rate. In a real environment, and This solution addresses how to precisely control the flow rate ratio of hot and cold water using valves to meet users' personalized needs for water temperature and flow in different scenarios (such as showering and washing vegetables), avoiding problems such as excessively high or low water temperatures, or insufficient or excessive flow rates. The independent variables in the formula include... (No. (Set flow rate of each hot water outlet) (No. (Set temperature of each hot water outlet) (Cold water temperature) (The maximum heat energy of the water heater) (When the initial thermal energy is) Time (Heat loss from each hot water outlet) (Specific heat capacity of water) (the density of water), and (The inverse function of the formula relating valve opening and flow rate). Wherein, and These reflect users' personalized needs for traffic flow and temperature, respectively. The actual temperature of the cold water pipes affects the mixed water temperature; and These are derived from steps 301 and 1, respectively, representing the heat energy output benchmark of the water heater and the heat loss in the pipes; and It is a physical constant of water, ensuring the accuracy of the conversion between heat energy and temperature; It provides a mapping relationship between valve opening degree and flow rate. and Related to these independent variables, the calculation of valve opening requires determining the flow ratio between the hot and cold water outlets based on the set flow rate and temperature difference, combined with the water heater's heat output and pipe heat loss, in order to achieve the target water temperature. Specifically, The formula is obtained through Calculate the required hot water flow rate ratio, taking into account the actual hot water temperature. The difference between the temperature of the water and the cold water; The proportion of cold water flow is then calculated based on the portion of the hot water temperature exceeding the target temperature. Regarding the influencing relationship... Increase will lead to and Increase the capacity to meet greater traffic demands; The higher, Increase the size to provide more hot water, and Reduce the amount of cold water; The higher, Reduced (due to reduced hot water demand). It may be increased to adjust the water temperature; The higher the temperature, the better. The higher, Decrease Increase; When the volume increases, the hot water temperature decreases. It needs to be increased to compensate for heat loss. Adjust accordingly. Regarding the relationship between size changes, and and Positively correlated with and It is negatively correlated with Positive correlation; and Positively correlated with and It is negatively correlated with and The relationships vary depending on the specific value. These relationships are achieved through... This is mapped to valve opening, ensuring that the system accurately adjusts the valves according to user needs and pipeline characteristics, optimizing water temperature control efficiency, improving user experience, and reducing resource waste.

[0104] By acquiring the correspondence between valve opening and flow rate, and calculating the valve openings of hot and cold water outlets based on the set temperature, set flow rate, and heat energy data from step 3 at each water-using end, the system achieves precise regulation of hot and cold water flow rates. Utilizing the formula relating opening and flow rate, the system converts the set flow rate and temperature into corresponding valve openings through inverse function calculations, ensuring that the actual output water temperature at each water-using end matches the set value. Through data conversion and precise calculation, a direct mapping from user needs to physical control is achieved. By integrating multi-source data (set parameters, heat loss, and initial heat energy), the system ensures that the valve opening calculations can adapt to the pipe characteristics of different hot water outlets, avoiding temperature or flow fluctuations caused by opening deviations. Furthermore, the data processing results provide direct input for valve adjustment based on delivery time in step 403, forming a complete chain from demand analysis to control execution. Through data-driven valve adjustment, the system can quickly respond to user needs, improving the comfort and consistency of hot water supply, while reducing water and heat energy waste through precise control, supporting energy conservation and efficient operation.

[0105] Step 402: When there is a temperature adjustment or flow change at the water end, the initial heat and initial flow of the hot water outlet of the water heater, as well as the valve opening of the hot and cold water outlets of each water end, are recalculated. When the calculation result indicates that the initial heat needs to be increased, the water heater controls the initial heat and initial flow of the water outlet by autonomously coordinating to increase power and draw hot water stored in the hot water tank.

[0106] By recalculating the initial heat capacity, initial flow rate, and valve openings at each outlet when the water temperature or flow rate changes, the system achieves real-time response and adaptive adjustment to dynamic demands. It monitors changes in user-set parameters in real time, re-executes the calculation logic of steps 3 and 401, updates the control parameters of the water heater and valves, and achieves rapid adjustments to target heat capacity and flow rate by autonomously coordinating to increase power or utilize hot water stored in the hot water tank. Real-time updates and feedback control ensure the system can quickly adapt to changing usage scenarios. Through dynamic data acquisition and recalculation, it achieves a transition from a static model to dynamic control, enhancing the system's robustness and flexibility. The data processing results are seamlessly integrated with steps 3 and 401, ensuring consistency in heat capacity, flow rate, and valve openings. Furthermore, when an increase in initial heat capacity is needed, the system optimizes power distribution and hot water tank utilization efficiency through a data-driven coordination mechanism, reducing response time and improving supply continuity. This dynamic adjustment capability supports stable system operation under high loads or complex scenarios, providing updated parameters for the timing control in step 403, improving user experience and system efficiency.

[0107] Step 403: After the water heater changes the initial heat and initial flow, obtain the valve opening of each opened hot water outlet, calculate the flow of each hot water outlet based on the valve opening, summarize the flow of all hot water outlets and the initial flow, and input them into the time prediction model corresponding to each hot water outlet to obtain the predicted delivery time of the hot water with changed initial heat to each hot water outlet.

[0108] Starting from the time it takes for the water heater to change its initial heat, after waiting for the predicted delivery time, the valve openings of the hot water outlet and cold water outlet are adjusted to the recalculated valve openings, thereby completing the valve openings of all hot water outlets and cold water outlets at the water-using ends.

[0109] By changing the initial heat and flow rate of the water heater, and based on the duration prediction model from step 202 and the updated valve opening data, the system re-predicts the delivery duration and adjusts the valve opening, achieving precise timing control of hot water supply. The updated flow rates of each hot water outlet and the initial flow rate are input into the duration prediction model to obtain new predicted delivery duration values. Using the water heater parameter change time as the starting point, the precise timing for valve adjustment at each outlet is determined. Through data integration and predictive analysis, precise matching between valve adjustment and hot water delivery delay is ensured. By combining real-time flow data and historical training models, closed-loop optimization from static prediction to dynamic control is achieved, avoiding temperature fluctuations or supply interruptions caused by pipeline delays. The data processing results are closely integrated with the calculation results of steps 401 and 402, forming a complete process from parameter update to timing control. Furthermore, by optimizing valve adjustment timing through predicted delivery duration, the system significantly shortens user waiting time, improves the real-time performance and comfort of hot water supply, and reduces unnecessary frequent valve adjustments through data-driven timing control, improving system stability and energy efficiency.

[0110] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0111] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented in software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0112] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.

[0113] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A cloud computing-based IoT device linkage and collaborative control method, characterized in that, The specific steps include: A heat loss experiment was conducted on the hot water pipe to obtain the heat loss of each hot water outlet under different initial heat energy conditions, and a loss curve was plotted for each hot water outlet. The horizontal axis of the loss curve represents the initial heat energy, and the vertical axis represents the heat loss. A heat loss experiment was conducted in a hot water pipe, and the specific method of the heat loss experiment is as follows: Hot water is injected into the hot water pipe from the hot water outlet of the water heater, and the heat energy at this point is marked as the initial heat energy. Then, the valves of all hot water outlets on the hot water pipe are opened, and the outlet heat energy of the hot water discharged from each hot water outlet is measured. The initial heat energy and outlet heat energy represent the heat contained in a unit flow rate. All hot water outlets are numbered and named as Hot Water Outlet 1, Hot Water Outlet 2, ..., Hot Water Outlet 3, ... Hot water outlet, ..., the Hot water outlet, , , Given the total number of hot water outlets, heat is collected at each hot water outlet, and heat loss is calculated using the following formula: in, Indicates the first Heat loss at the hot water outlet Represents the initial thermal energy. Indicates the first The heat energy at the outlet of the hot water outlet; Multiple experiments were conducted, each with a different initial thermal energy. The heat loss of each hot water outlet was recorded at different initial thermal energies. Taking a single hot water outlet as a unit, the heat loss obtained through the experiment was marked on a Cartesian coordinate system, with the horizontal axis representing the initial thermal energy and the vertical axis representing the heat loss. The resulting discrete points were fitted to form the loss curve of each hot water outlet with respect to the initial thermal energy. A hot water pipeline transport delay experiment was conducted to obtain the initial flow rate at the hot water outlet of different water heaters and the time it takes for hot water to reach each outlet under different flow rates. These were then marked as transport duration. The initial flow rate and the flow rate of each hot water outlet were used as features, and the transport duration was used as a label. The model was then trained using a forest regression model to obtain a duration prediction model and the predicted transport duration for each hot water outlet was obtained. Obtain the set temperature and set flow rate of all water-using terminals, and combine the heat loss of each water-using terminal to select the highest heat energy as the initial heat energy of the water heater. Based on the set temperature, set flow rate and initial temperature of each water-using terminal, obtain the initial flow rate at the hot water outlet of the water heater. The formula for obtaining the initial flow rate at the hot water outlet of the water heater, based on the set flow rate and set temperature at each water user terminal, is as follows: in, This indicates the initial flow rate of the water heater. Indicates the first The set flow rate of the already opened hot water outlet Indicates the first The set temperature of the already opened hot water outlet Indicates the temperature of cold water. This indicates the temperature set at the water outlet with the highest set temperature. Indicates density, This indicates the first time when the initial thermal energy is the highest thermal energy. Heat loss at the water outlet Indicates the highest thermal energy. The search variable represents the hot water outlet that has been opened. , , This indicates the total number of hot water outlets that have been opened. Obtain the correspondence between valve opening and flow rate, and calculate the valve opening of the hot water outlet and the cold water outlet of each water outlet based on the set temperature, set flow rate, initial temperature and initial flow rate of each water outlet. Then, obtain the predicted delivery time of hot water to each outlet based on the flow rate and initial flow rate of each hot water outlet, and determine the adjustment time of each water outlet valve based on the time of initial temperature change. The formula used to obtain the relationship between valve opening and flow rate from the merchant is as follows: in, Indicates flow rate. Indicates the degree of openness. , , Formula representing the relationship between opening degree and flow rate; Based on the set temperature and set flow rate of each water outlet, the valve opening of the hot water outlet and the valve opening of the cold water outlet of each water outlet are calculated separately, using the following formulas: in, Indicates the first The opening degree of the valve of the already opened hot water outlet. The inverse function of the formula relating opening degree and flow rate; in, Indicates the first The opening degree of the valve of the already opened cold water outlet.

2. The cloud computing-based IoT device linkage and collaborative control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hot water pipeline transport delay test was conducted, and the specific method of the transport delay test is as follows: Room temperature water is injected into the hot water pipe from the hot water outlet of the water heater, and the flow rate at this time is marked as the initial flow rate. Simultaneously, the number and flow rates of the hot water outlets are randomly opened, and the flow rate of each hot water outlet is recorded. The flow rate of any closed hot water outlet is marked as 0. Then, the hot water pipe is instantly connected to the hot water supply, maintaining the initial flow rate. Starting from this moment, the time it takes for hot water to flow from each hot water outlet is recorded as the end point. The total duration of this process is the delivery time of that hot water outlet, and the current state is recorded. The delivery time of any closed hot water outlet is marked as 0, forming a time dataset. The formula used is as follows: in, Represents a duration dataset, Indicates the initial flow. , , and These represent the first hot water outlet, the second hot water outlet, and the third hot water outlet, respectively. The first hot water outlet and the first The flow rate of each hot water outlet , , and These represent the first hot water outlet, the second hot water outlet, and the third hot water outlet, respectively. The first hot water outlet and the first Delivery time of each hot water outlet; Then, the initial flow rate, the number of hot water outlets, and the flow rate of each hot water outlet are continuously adjusted, and the duration dataset is continuously acquired.

3. The cloud computing-based IoT device linkage and collaborative control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: All duration datasets are aggregated, and duration prediction models are trained for each hot water outlet separately, as follows: Remove the dataset with a delivery time of 0 for the current hot water outlet. Use the delivery time of the current hot water outlet as the label, and the initial flow rate corresponding to the label and the flow rate of each hot water outlet as features. Input the data into a random forest regression model for training. Label the trained model as the delivery time prediction model. The output result is the predicted delivery time of hot water to each hot water outlet.

4. The cloud computing-based IoT device linkage and collaborative control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The maximum heat energy required to obtain all currently opened hot water outlets is determined using the following logic: The set temperature and set flow rate of each water-using terminal are obtained, the cold water temperature at the cold water outlet is obtained, and the outlet heat energy of the hot water outlet of each water-using terminal is obtained, based on the following formula: in, For the first The heat energy at the outlet of the water, The specific heat capacity of water, Indicates the first The set temperature of the water outlet, Indicates the temperature of cold water. The density of water, The search variable represents the hot water outlet that has been opened. , , This indicates the total number of hot water outlets that have been opened. Based on the initial heat energy loss curve of each hot water outlet, the initial heat energy required for the hot water outlet of the water heater to reach at each hot water outlet is obtained using the following formula: in, This indicates the initial heat energy at the water heater outlet. Indicates the first The heat energy at the outlet of the water, This indicates that when the initial thermal energy is Time Heat loss at the water outlet; Compare the initial heat energy required for each hot water outlet to reach the water outlet of the water heater, select the largest value as the maximum heat energy, and use the maximum heat energy as the initial heat energy at the hot water outlet of the water heater.

5. The cloud computing-based IoT device linkage and collaborative control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: When there is a temperature adjustment or flow change at the water outlet, the initial heat energy and initial flow rate of the hot water outlet of the water heater are recalculated, as well as the valve opening of the hot and cold water outlets at each water outlet. When the calculation result indicates that the initial heat energy needs to be increased, the water heater controls the initial heat energy and initial flow rate of the water heater outlet by autonomously coordinating to increase power and draw hot water stored in the hot water tank.

6. The cloud computing-based IoT device linkage and collaborative control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: After the water heater changes the initial heat energy and initial flow rate, the valve opening of each opened hot water outlet is obtained. The flow rate of each hot water outlet is calculated based on the valve opening. The flow rates of all hot water outlets and the initial flow rate are summarized and input into the time prediction model corresponding to each hot water outlet. The predicted delivery time of the hot water with changed initial heat energy to each hot water outlet is obtained. Starting from the time it takes for the water heater to change its initial heat energy, after waiting for the predicted delivery time, the valve openings of the hot water outlet and cold water outlet are adjusted to the recalculated valve openings, thereby completing the valve openings of all hot water outlets and cold water outlets at all water-using ends.

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