Soil carbon emission monitoring device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of environment monitoring, in particular to a soil carbon emission monitoring device and method. The soil carbon emission monitoring device comprises a base module, a measuring cavity, a movable assembly and a monitoring assembly, the base module comprises a plurality of monitoring bases which are pre-buried in the soil surface layer of a monitoring point position, and the plurality of monitoring bases are arranged at intervals; the measuring cavity is telescopic and is connected with the movable assembly; the movable assembly is used for driving the measuring cavity to change positions relative to the plurality of monitoring bases and driving the measuring cavity to vertically move so as to be in butt joint with or separated from one monitoring base; the monitoring assembly is connected and communicated with the measuring cavity so as to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide in the measuring cavity after the measuring cavity is in butt joint with one of the monitoring bases. According to the soil carbon emission monitoring device and method, the influence of the external environment on the soil carbon emission monitoring device can be reduced, disturbance to the environment is small, full-automatic operation is facilitated, multi-point continuous measurement is supported, and the measurement precision is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental monitoring, and in particular to a soil carbon emission monitoring device and method. Background Art

[0002] In soil carbon dioxide ( ) In the field of flux monitoring, existing technologies mainly rely on three types of technologies: static box method, dynamic cavity method and eddy covariance tower. These methods have the problems of large disturbance, low measurement accuracy and high equipment cost. At the same time, it is difficult to achieve multi-point, automated and continuous monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention includes providing a soil carbon emission monitoring device and method, which has a wide range of applications, high stability in use, can reduce the impact of the external environment, and has little disturbance to the environment, is conducive to achieving fully automatic operation, supports multi-point continuous measurement, and has high measurement accuracy.

[0004] The embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a soil carbon emission monitoring device, which includes a base module, a measurement cavity, a movable component, and a monitoring component; The base module includes multiple monitoring bases pre-buried in the soil surface at the monitoring point, and the multiple monitoring bases are arranged at intervals; The measuring cavity is retractable and connected to a movable assembly; the movable assembly is used to drive the measuring cavity to change positions relative to the multiple monitoring bases, and to drive the measuring cavity to move vertically to dock with or detach from one of the monitoring bases; The monitoring component is connected to the measuring cavity and is in conduction so as to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide inside the measuring cavity after the measuring cavity is docked with one of the monitoring bases.

[0005] In an optional embodiment, the monitoring base is arranged in an annular shape, and a portion thereof is pre-buried in the soil surface at the monitoring point, while the remaining portion is exposed from the soil surface, and is provided with an annular slot for docking with the measuring cavity.

[0006] In an optional embodiment, a connection port is provided at one end of the measuring cavity for docking with the monitoring base, and a sealing strip is provided in an annular shape at the connection port and fits in the annular groove.

[0007] In an optional embodiment, a soil temperature and humidity probe is connected to one end of the measuring cavity facing the soil surface. The soil temperature and humidity probe is used to be inserted under the soil surface when the measuring cavity is docked with one of the monitoring bases, and to be detached from the soil surface when the measuring cavity is detached from the monitoring base.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the monitoring component includes a carbon dioxide sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, and a photosynthetically active radiation sensor connected to the top or side of the measurement cavity.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, a turbulent fan is connected to the inner side surface or the inner top surface of the measurement cavity, and the turbulent fan is used to mix the gas in the measurement cavity; The end or side of the measuring cavity is connected with a carrier gas release pipe, which connects the measuring cavity with an external carrier gas tank, and the carrier gas tank contains butane or carbon dioxide.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the movable component includes a movable driving mechanism and a lifting driving mechanism. The movable driving mechanism is used to drive the measuring cavity to change its position between various monitoring bases, and the lifting driving mechanism is used to drive the measuring cavity to move relative to the monitoring base to dock or detach with one of the monitoring bases.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the movable assembly further includes a movable guide rail and a movable seat; the movable guide rail extends along a setting path of the plurality of monitoring bases, and the movable seat is movably connected to the movable guide rail; The movable driving mechanism and the lifting driving mechanism are both connected to the movable seat, and the movable driving mechanism is used to drive the movable seat to move relative to the movable guide rail, and the lifting driving mechanism is used to drive the measuring cavity to move relative to the movable seat.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the movable drive mechanism includes a first drive motor and a drive wheel assembly; the drive wheel assembly is connected to the movable seat and is in rolling contact with the movable guide rail; the first drive motor is connected to the movable seat, and the first drive motor is in transmission connection with the drive wheel assembly to drive the drive wheel assembly to rotate, thereby driving the movable seat to move relative to the guide rail; The lifting drive mechanism includes a second drive motor and a scissor arm lifting frame. The second drive motor and the scissor arm lifting frame are both connected to the movable seat, and the measuring cavity is connected to the scissor arm lifting frame. The second drive motor is used to drive the measuring cavity to move vertically through the scissor arm lifting frame.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a soil carbon emission monitoring method, which is implemented using the above-mentioned soil carbon emission monitoring device, comprising: The movable assembly moves the measurement cavity to just above one of the monitoring bases; Adjust the position of the measuring cavity relative to the monitoring base below and exhaust the original air in the measuring cavity; Injecting a preset volume of carrier gas into the measurement chamber; The movable component drives the measuring cavity to dock with the monitoring base; Wait for the preset equilibration time After the gas mixture is stable, the carbon dioxide concentration data in the measurement cavity is collected at a set time interval, and the collection time is ; The carbon dioxide flux is calculated, and data calibration is performed, and when the standard deviation exceeds the set threshold or the air pressure fluctuates abnormally, re-measurement or correction is triggered; After the measurement is completed, the movable assembly drives the measurement cavity to separate from the monitoring base, and the movable assembly drives the measurement cavity to return to the initial position or move to the next monitoring base.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the soil carbon emission monitoring device and method provided by the embodiment include: The soil carbon emission monitoring device includes a base module, a measurement cavity, a movable assembly, and a monitoring assembly. The base module includes a plurality of monitoring bases embedded in the soil surface of the monitoring points, and the plurality of monitoring bases are arranged at intervals. The measurement cavity is telescopic and connected with the movable assembly. The movable assembly is used to drive the measurement cavity to change position relative to the plurality of monitoring bases, and to drive the measurement cavity to move vertically to be connected with or separated from one of the monitoring bases. The monitoring assembly is connected with the measurement cavity and is in communication, so as to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide in the measurement cavity after the measurement cavity is connected with one of the monitoring bases. The soil carbon emission monitoring device and method have wide application range, can reduce the influence of external environment, have small disturbance to the environment, are conducive to realizing full-automatic operation, support continuous measurement of multiple points, and have high measurement accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0016] Figure 1 The structure diagram of the soil carbon emission monitoring device provided by the embodiment is shown. Figure 2 The structure diagram of the base module and the measurement cavity provided by the embodiment is shown.

[0017] Figure: 100-soil carbon emission monitoring device; 110-base module; 120-measurement cavity; 130-movable assembly; 140-monitoring assembly; 111-monitoring base; 112-annular clamping groove; 121-connection port; 150-soil temperature and humidity probe; 161-disturbance fan; 162-carrier gas release pipe; 131-movable drive mechanism; 132-lifting drive mechanism; 133-movable guide rail; 134-movable seat; 135-drive wheel set; 136-scissor arm lifting frame. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0019] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are intended to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0021] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or is the orientation or position relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0022] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc., if used, are merely used to distinguish and describe, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other.

[0024] The inventors have found that: in soil carbon dioxide ( ) In the field of flux monitoring, existing technologies mainly rely on three types of technologies: static box method, dynamic cavity method and eddy covariance tower method, but these methods have significant limitations in practical applications.

[0025] The static box method covers the soil surface with a sealed box for a long time, and collects the soil in the box. The flux is calculated based on the concentration changes. Although this method is simple to operate and low-cost, covering the box is like forming a miniature greenhouse, which will cause the temperature and humidity inside the box to increase, greatly changing the soil microenvironmental conditions. Studies have shown that after continuous covering for several hours, the temperature inside the box can be 3-5°C higher than the outside, and the humidity fluctuates by more than 20%. This environmental change will directly affect the activity of soil microorganisms and the respiration of plant roots, causing the monitoring data to deviate from the actual flux and fail to accurately reflect soil carbon emissions under natural conditions.

[0026] The dynamic cavity method uses a small flow cavity to continuously introduce and exhaust gas to monitor the Concentration changes. However, due to the limited space in the cavity, it is difficult for gases to fully mix within the cavity, which can easily lead to concentration stratification. Especially when the gas flow rate is fast or the cavity design is unreasonable, the concentration data collected by the sensor may have a deviation of 10%-15%, resulting in inaccurate measurement results. In addition, the dynamic cavity method requires precise gas flow rate control and mixing devices, which are expensive and difficult to maintain, limiting its widespread application.

[0027] The eddy covariance tower technology uses high-frequency monitoring of turbulent fluctuations in the atmospheric boundary layer to calculate the relationship between the ecosystem and the atmosphere. Flux exchange is suitable for monitoring ecosystem carbon fluxes over large areas (hectares). However, this technology is limited by instrument installation height and monitoring range, making it difficult to pinpoint emission sources at specific locations in the soil. This makes it inadequate for precise single-point monitoring, as required for refined farmland management and traceability of polluted sites. Furthermore, the high costs of equipment procurement, installation, and data processing make it unsuitable for routine, small- to medium-scale, multi-point monitoring.

[0028] In summary, the existing technology in soil Flux monitoring generally suffers from problems such as large disturbance, low measurement accuracy, and high equipment cost. At the same time, it is difficult to achieve multi-point, automated continuous monitoring. There is an urgent need to develop a new monitoring device to overcome the above technical bottlenecks and meet the needs of accurate monitoring of soil carbon emissions at different scales and in different scenarios.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , this embodiment provides a soil carbon emission monitoring device 100, which includes a base module 110, a measurement cavity 120, a movable component 130 and a monitoring component 140; The base module 110 includes a plurality of monitoring bases 111 pre-buried in the soil surface at the monitoring point, and the plurality of monitoring bases 111 are arranged at intervals; The measurement cavity 120 is telescopic and connected with the movable assembly 130; the movable assembly 130 is used to drive the measurement cavity 120 to change the position relative to the plurality of monitoring bases 111 and drive the vertical movement of the measurement cavity 120 to be connected with or separated from one of the monitoring bases 111; The monitoring assembly 140 is connected with the measurement cavity 120 and is in communication, so as to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide in the measurement cavity 120 when the measurement cavity 120 is connected with one of the monitoring bases 111.

[0030] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The working principle of the soil carbon emission monitoring device 100 is as follows: The soil carbon emission monitoring device 100 comprises a base module 110, a measurement cavity 120, a movable assembly 130 and a monitoring assembly 140. The base module 110 comprises a plurality of monitoring bases 111 embedded in the soil surface of the monitoring points, and the plurality of monitoring bases 111 are arranged at intervals; the monitoring base 111 is used as a sealing reference surface of the measurement cavity 120; and through such an arrangement, the plurality of monitoring bases 111 can be installed in a pre-embedded manner at each monitoring point based on a monitoring plan. The measurement cavity 120 is telescopic and connected with the movable assembly 130; thus, the measurement cavity 120 can change its internal volume during use, thereby improving its application range. The movable assembly 130 is used to drive the measurement cavity 120 to change the position relative to the plurality of monitoring bases 111 and drive the vertical movement of the measurement cavity 120 to be connected with or separated from one of the monitoring bases 111; thus, the measurement cavity 120 can be driven by the movable assembly 130 to move relative to the plurality of monitoring bases 111 to adjust the relative position, and the measurement cavity 120 can be adjusted to be connected with different monitoring bases 111 according to the requirement, and when the measurement cavity 120 is moved to a position where it can be connected with one of the monitoring bases 111, the measurement cavity 120 can be moved vertically by the movable assembly 130 to be connected with the monitoring base 111 below or the measurement cavity 120 connected with the monitoring base 111 can be moved vertically upward to be separated from the connected monitoring base 111; The monitoring assembly 140 is connected with the measurement cavity 120 and is in communication, so as to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide in the measurement cavity 120 when the measurement cavity 120 is connected with one of the monitoring bases 111. Thus, the soil carbon emission monitoring device 100 can determine each monitoring point through the arrangement of the plurality of monitoring bases 111, and the arrangement of the monitoring points can be set based on a monitoring plan. The measurement cavity 120 is connected with the movable assembly 130, and can be shifted between the monitoring bases 111 and docked with or separated from one of the monitoring bases 111, so that the use flexibility and monitoring efficiency are improved by the arrangement of the movable assembly 130. In addition, the arrangement can be connected with the control system together with the movable assembly 130 and other structures, so as to improve the automation. In addition, the measurement cavity 120 is docked with the monitoring base 111 during monitoring, so that a relatively independent monitoring space is formed, the accuracy of monitoring is improved, the disturbance to the environment is reduced, and the influence of the environment is avoided, thereby improving the application range and stability. In summary, the soil carbon emission monitoring device 100 has a wide application range, is less affected by the external environment, has little disturbance to the environment, is beneficial to realize full-automatic operation, supports multi-point continuous measurement, has high measurement accuracy, and is a soil emission monitoring scheme that solves the problems of greenhouse effect, volume deviation and insufficient spatial resolution of in-situ monitoring, and supports normal operation at -20°C to +50°C, and has certain protection performance against rain, snow and sand.

[0031] It should be noted that the measurement cavity 120 is made of lightweight high-molecular material, such as carbon fiber reinforced polyether ether ketone, and can be made into transparent or black cavity, and the compression ratio is not less than 5:1. That is, the measurement cavity 120 can be divided into transparent cavity and light shielding cavity according to the monitoring mode, and is used for net ecosystem exchange (NEE) measurement and ecosystem respiration (ER) measurement, respectively.

[0032] Further, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the embodiment, the monitoring base 111 is arranged in a ring shape, and the diameter of the ring is not less than 30 cm, that is, the whole is in a ring-shaped cylindrical structure, part of which is embedded in the soil surface layer of the monitoring point, and the remaining part is exposed to the soil surface and is provided with a ring-shaped clamping groove 112 for docking with the measurement cavity 120. In this way, the ring-shaped clamping groove 112 exposed to the soil surface is docked with the measurement cavity 120, so that the stability of the connection is improved to form a stable and independent monitoring environment. In addition, the bottom of the monitoring base 111 is provided with an anchoring spike to enhance the stability. On this basis, the connecting port 121 is arranged at one end of the measuring cavity 120 for docking with the monitoring base 111, and a sealing strip is arranged annularly at the connecting port 121 and abuts against the annular clamping groove 112. The sealing strip is made of silicone rubber and can withstand a temperature of -30°C to 80°C. The purpose is to improve the stability and sealing performance during the connection of the connecting port 121 and the monitoring base 111.

[0033] It should be noted that, based on the above structure, the positions of the monitoring points can be planned along the monitoring plan when arranging the monitoring bases 111. The monitoring bases 111 at the monitoring positions are arranged in the same way, and the annular clamping grooves 112 are consistent and can cooperate with the connecting port 121. That is, the connecting port 121 can cooperate with the annular clamping grooves 112 of the monitoring bases 111, thereby improving the compatibility and reducing the use cost.

[0034] From the above, in the present embodiment, when docking the measuring cavity 120, the measuring cavity 120 needs to be moved to the top of one of the monitoring bases 111 by the movable assembly 130, and then vertically lowered, so that the connecting port 121 on the measuring cavity 120 can cooperate with the annular clamping groove 112 on the monitoring base 111 below and achieve sealing. Therefore, when the measuring cavity 120 is docked with the monitoring base 111, it moves in the vertical downward direction, and under the action of the driving assembly of the movable assembly 130, the movement in the vertical direction can be set to 0-120 cm.

[0035] Based on this, the soil temperature and humidity probe 150 can be connected to one end of the measuring cavity 120 facing the soil surface, and the insertion depth can be adjusted between 0-10 cm to measure the soil temperature / volume moisture content. The soil temperature and humidity probe 150 is used to insert into the soil surface when the measuring cavity 120 is docked with one of the monitoring bases 111, and to be separated from the soil surface when the measuring cavity 120 is separated from the monitoring base 111. That is, by arranging the soil temperature and humidity probe 150 at one end of the measuring cavity 120 facing the soil surface, the soil temperature and humidity probe 150 can be inserted into the soil synchronously with the docking of the measuring cavity 120 and the monitoring base 111, and can be pulled out synchronously after the measuring cavity 120 and the monitoring base 111 are separated. Therefore, by this way, the temperature and humidity data in the soil at each monitoring point during the monitoring process can be monitored, and the monitoring steps can be simplified. By synchronizing the monitoring steps with the movement of the measuring cavity 120, the monitoring efficiency can be improved, and the degree of automation can be improved by this way.

[0036] Further, please refer toFigure 1 and Figure 2 In order to monitor the gas in the measuring cavity 120 during the monitoring process, the monitoring assembly 140 comprises a carbon dioxide sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor and a photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensor connected to the top or side of the measuring cavity 120. The carbon dioxide sensor can be a non-dispersive infrared carbon dioxide (NDIR) sensor, which is used to monitor the concentration data of carbon dioxide in the measuring cavity 120, and its detection range can be 0-2000ppm, with a sensitivity better than 1ppm; the temperature and humidity sensor is used to monitor the temperature and humidity data in the measuring cavity 120, with an accuracy of ±0.5℃ / ±2%RH; the atmospheric pressure sensor is used to monitor the atmospheric pressure; and the photosynthetically active radiation sensor is used to detect the photosynthetically active radiation, with a spectral range of 400-700nm.

[0037] In order to improve the accuracy and precision of the monitoring data during the measurement process, the gas concentration at each position in the measuring cavity 120 can be made uniform during the monitoring process, so that a turbulence fan 161 is connected to the inner side or top of the measuring cavity 120, which is used to mix the gas in the measuring cavity 120, and its wind speed adjustment range can be 0-3m / s, so as to improve the precision and accuracy of the monitoring in this way.

[0038] During the monitoring process, it is necessary to inject carrier gas into the measuring cavity 120, so the end or side of the measuring cavity 120 is connected with a carrier gas release pipe 162, which communicates the measuring cavity 120 with an external carrier gas tank containing butane or carbon dioxide. It should be noted that the carrier gas tank can be synchronized with the measuring cavity 120, or it can be independently set, and the measuring cavity 120 can maintain communication with the measuring cavity 120 during movement at each position under the driving action of the driving assembly; in addition, it can also be connected manually; and the connection between the carrier gas tank and the carrier gas release pipe 162 or the carrier gas release pipe 162 is provided with a flow control module for controlling the flow of carrier gas, and the flow control module can be a battery valve structure, with a flow control accuracy of ±1mL / s.

[0039] It should be noted that, in order to improve the integrity of the device and simplify the structure, the carbon dioxide sensor, the temperature and humidity sensor, the atmospheric pressure sensor, the photosynthetically active radiation sensor, the spoiler fan 161 and the carrier gas release pipe 162 are integrated on the top of the measurement cavity 120.

[0040] Based on the above, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the use process of the movable assembly 130 in the embodiment, it is necessary to drive the measurement to move relative to the plurality of monitoring bases 111, so that it can move above each monitoring base 111, and it is also necessary to drive the measurement base to move vertically after moving above one of the monitoring bases 111, so as to be connected or disconnected with the monitoring base 111, wherein the connection between the measurement base and the monitoring base 111 is the vertical downward movement, and the disconnection between the measurement base and the monitoring base 111 is the vertical upward movement.

[0041] Based on this, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The movable assembly 130 includes a movable driving mechanism 131 and a lifting driving mechanism 132, the movable driving mechanism 131 is used to drive the measurement cavity 120 to change position between each monitoring base 111, and the lifting driving mechanism 132 is used to drive the measurement cavity 120 to move relative to the monitoring base 111, so as to be connected or disconnected with one of the monitoring bases 111.

[0042] Specifically, the movable assembly 130 further includes a movable guide rail 133 and a movable seat 134; the movable guide rail 133 extends along the arrangement path of the plurality of monitoring bases 111, and the movable seat 134 is movably connected with the movable guide rail 133; The movable driving mechanism 131 and the lifting driving mechanism 132 are both connected with the movable seat 134, and the movable driving mechanism 131 is used to drive the movable seat 134 to move relative to the movable guide rail 133, and the lifting driving mechanism 132 is used to drive the measurement cavity 120 to move relative to the movable seat 134.

[0043] Therefore, the movable seat 134 can be driven by the movable driving mechanism 131 to move relative to the movable guide rail 133, thereby driving the measurement cavity 120 to move relative to each monitoring base 111, and the measurement cavity 120 can be connected or disconnected with the monitoring base 111 by driving the measurement cavity 120 to move relative to the movable seat 134 by the lifting driving mechanism 132.

[0044] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2And when the active driving mechanism 131 is configured, it can include a first driving motor and a driving wheel set 135; the driving wheel set 135 is connected with the active seat 134 and in rolling contact with the active guide rail 133; the first driving motor is connected with the active seat 134, and the first driving motor is in transmission connection with the driving wheel set 135 to drive the driving wheel set 135 to rotate, thereby driving the active seat 134 to move relative to the active guide rail 133; thus, the active seat 134 can be driven to move relative to the active guide rail 133 by the operation of the first driving motor, thereby driving the measurement cavity 120 to move and change its position relative to each monitoring point; And the lifting driving mechanism 132 includes a second driving motor and a scissor arm lifting frame 136, both of which are connected with the active seat 134; the measurement cavity 120 is connected with the scissor arm lifting frame 136; the second driving motor is used to drive the measurement cavity 120 to move vertically through the scissor arm lifting frame 136; It should be noted that, in order to improve the driving accuracy and stability, the first driving motor and the second driving motor can be set as servo motors; and the torque of the second driving motor is 5 N·m, the positioning accuracy is ±0.1°, the stroke is 0-100 cm, and the lifting speed is 10 cm / s; when the second driving motor is in operation, it can also be set in linkage with the above-mentioned turbulence fan 161 to automatically trigger the turbulence fan 161 to start when the measurement cavity 120 rises.

[0045] Moreover, as can be known from the above, each monitoring point can be set based on a monitoring plan; based on this, when the active guide rail 133 is configured, it needs to meet the demand of moving each monitoring base 111 to the corresponding position, therefore, when the active guide rail 133 is configured, it needs to be set according to the position of each monitoring base 111, that is, it can be a straight track or a curved track. Moreover, the length of the active guide rail 133 can be designed in a customized manner, and in this embodiment, 3-8 monitoring points are taken as an example, and the material is selected as anodized aluminum alloy, and the bearing capacity is ≥50 kg; moreover, on the active guide rail 133, an auxiliary buckle is arranged at the position corresponding to each monitoring point, and the purpose is to accurately position the active seat 134 when it moves to the position directly above the monitoring base 111 of the target monitoring point, so as to ensure that the position of the measurement cavity 120 during each operation and the relative position during the operation can be kept.

[0046] Based on the above structure, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2In addition to the above structural arrangement, the soil carbon emission monitoring device 100 can further include a photovoltaic power supply unit, a control unit and a communication module; wherein the photovoltaic power supply unit can realize photovoltaic power generation and power supply, thereby ensuring the power supply of the device; through the setting of the control unit, it can realize the related data acquisition, the injection of the carrier gas, and also can realize the corresponding control; and through the setting of the communication module, it can realize the short-range or long-range communication, which is conducive to realizing the automatic control or monitoring; in summary, through the foregoing structural arrangement, it is beneficial to realize the remote communication control in the process of use, and it is beneficial to realize the continuous operation of unmanned automation, thereby reducing the use cost.

[0047] In summary, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The working process of the soil carbon emission monitoring device 100 is as follows: First, in the initial position, the measurement cavity 120 is lifted by the lifting drive mechanism 132, which is to avoid interference with the ground or the monitoring base 111 when moving along the movable guide rail 133; Subsequently, according to the monitoring plan, after determining the monitoring point to be monitored, the first drive motor can be operated to drive the movable seat 134 and the measurement cavity 120 to move to the top of the monitoring base 111 at the corresponding monitoring point; Then, the second drive motor is operated to drive the scissor arm lifting frame 136 to act, thereby lifting the measurement cavity 120 to a set height; Then start the spoiler fan 161, and inject the butane or carbon dioxide in the carrier gas tank outside the measurement cavity 120 into the measurement cavity 120 through the carrier gas release pipe 162, and the volume of the injected butane or carbon dioxide is a preset volume; The second drive motor is operated to drive the scissor arm lifting frame 136 to act, thereby lowering the measurement cavity 120 to the position where the connection port 121 cooperates with the annular clamping groove 112, and at the same time, the soil temperature and humidity probe 150 is inserted into the soil surface layer; Wait for a preset balance time ; Collect carbon dioxide concentration data in the cavity at a set time interval, and the continuous collection time is ; Based on a nonlinear model and combined with soil temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure and other correction factors to calculate flux, the coefficient k in the model ranges from 0.05 to 0.1; Data quality inspection is performed, when the standard deviation exceeds the set threshold or the air pressure fluctuates abnormally, triggering re-measurement or applying the Bayesian filtering algorithm for correction; After the measurement is completed, then, the second driving motor is operated to drive the scissor arm lifting frame 136 to act, thereby lifting the measurement cavity 120 to reset, and then the first driving motor is operated to drive the movable seat 134 and the measurement cavity 120 to move to the top of the monitoring base 111 at the next monitoring point or return to the initial position.

[0048] Based on the above, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The embodiment also provides a soil carbon emission monitoring method, which is implemented by using the soil carbon emission monitoring device 100 and comprises the following steps. The movable assembly 130 moves the measurement cavity 120 to the top of one of the monitoring bases 111; The position of the measurement cavity 120 relative to the monitoring base 111 below is adjusted, and the original air in the measurement cavity 120 is discharged; A preset volume of carrier gas is injected into the measurement cavity 120; The movable assembly 130 drives the measurement cavity 120 to be connected with the monitoring base 111; Wait for a preset balance time After the gas mixture is stable, the carbon dioxide concentration data in the measurement cavity 120 is collected at a set time interval, and the continuous collection time is ; The carbon dioxide flux is calculated, and data calibration is performed; when the standard deviation exceeds a set threshold or the air pressure fluctuates abnormally, re-measurement or correction is triggered; After the measurement is completed, the movable assembly 130 drives the measurement cavity 120 to be separated from the monitoring base 111, and the movable assembly 130 drives the measurement cavity 120 to return to the initial position or move to the next monitoring base 111.

[0049] Specifically, based on the soil carbon emission monitoring device 100, the specific steps of the soil carbon emission monitoring method are as follows: A monitoring plan is formulated or the monitoring bases 111 are arranged according to the monitoring plan, and the extension path of the movable guide rail 133 is designed, then according to the monitoring plan, after the monitoring points to be monitored are determined, the first driving motor is operated to drive the movable seat 134 and the measurement cavity 120 to move to the top of the monitoring base 111 at the corresponding monitoring point; it should be noted that in the initial state, the measurement cavity 120 is lifted by the lifting driving mechanism 132, which is to avoid interference with the ground or the monitoring base 111 when it moves along the movable guide rail 133; Then, the movable assembly 130 moves the measurement cavity 120 to the top of one of the monitoring bases 111; which includes operating the second driving motor to drive the scissor arm lifting frame 136 to act, thereby lifting the measurement cavity 120 to a set height; Adjust the position of the measurement chamber 120 relative to the monitoring base 111 below, and exhaust the original air in the measurement chamber 120; inject a preset volume of carrier gas into the measurement chamber 120; this includes starting the turbulence fan 161 and injecting butane or carbon dioxide from the measurement chamber 120 and the external carrier gas tank into the measurement chamber 120 through the carrier gas release tube 162, wherein the volume of butane or carbon dioxide injected is the preset volume; The movable assembly 130 drives the measurement chamber 120 to dock with the monitoring base 111. This includes the operation of the second drive motor, which drives the scissor arm lifting frame 136 to move, thereby lowering the measurement chamber 120 to a position where the connection port 121 and the annular groove 112 mate. At the same time, the soil temperature and humidity probe 150 is inserted below the soil surface. Wait for the preset equilibration time After the gas mixture is stable, the carbon dioxide concentration data in the measurement cavity 120 is collected at set time intervals. The continuous collection time is ; Calculate carbon dioxide flux and perform data calibration; that is, calculate based on nonlinear models and incorporate correction factors such as soil temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure, etc. Flux, the coefficient k in the model ranges from 0.05 to 0.1; data quality inspection is performed, and when the standard deviation exceeds the set threshold or the pressure fluctuation is abnormal, re-measurement or application of the Bayesian filtering algorithm for correction is triggered; Specifically, balance waiting time , this embodiment is based on Take 30s as an example to illustrate, wait until the gas mixture is stable; Concentration is collected every 5 seconds, and the measurement lasts for a long time. , this embodiment is based on Take 300s as an example to illustrate; Flux calculation, calculate the initial flux based on the static box method basic model:

[0050] Where V is the cavity volume and A is the base area; Correct the nonlinear model and introduce soil temperature and humidity ( ) and air pressure ( P ) parameters are calibrated according to the following model:

[0051] Where k is the temperature response coefficient, is the reference moisture content, is standard atmospheric pressure.

[0052] When the standard deviation exceeds the set threshold or the pressure fluctuation is abnormal, re-measurement or correction is triggered; that is, quality control, if 5 consecutive Data point standard deviation > set threshold value (such as 10 ppm), triggering re-measurement; if pressure fluctuation > 5 hPa, enable Bayesian filtering algorithm to correct diffusion effect; Measurement is completed, the movable assembly 130 drives the measurement cavity 120 to separate from the monitoring base 111, and the movable assembly 130 drives the measurement cavity 120 to return to the initial position or move to the next monitoring base 111.

[0053] After the measurement is completed, the scissor arm lifting frame 136 is driven to act by the second driving motor, and then the measurement cavity 120 is lifted and reset, and then the movable seat 134 and the measurement cavity 120 are moved to the top of the monitoring base 111 at the next monitoring point or returned to the initial position by the first driving motor.

[0054] Based on the above, the soil carbon emission monitoring device 100 and method have the following advantages: Minimize disturbance, the monitoring base 111 is pre-buried, avoiding soil structure damage every time measurement; lightweight measurement cavity 120 and the rest of the monitoring base 111 realize instantaneous sealing (<10s), which can significantly reduce the greenhouse effect; and the measurement is closed, and the non-measurement time is open, avoiding the disturbance of the surface habitat; Precision improvement, carrier gas replacement eliminates historical gas residue, and the carbon dioxide sensor precision can reach ±1%; non-linear model corrects temperature and humidity / pneumatic interference, which can significantly reduce the error; Low-cost automation, photovoltaic power supply can increase its endurance, and is conducive to realizing unattended; single device covers ≥3 points, reducing the overall cost of unit point by more than 40%.

[0055] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A soil carbon emission monitoring device, characterized by: The soil carbon emission monitoring device includes a base module, a measurement cavity, a movable component and a monitoring component; The base module includes a plurality of monitoring bases pre-buried in the soil surface at the monitoring point, and the plurality of monitoring bases are arranged at intervals; The measuring cavity is retractable and connected to the movable assembly; the movable assembly is used to drive the measuring cavity to change positions relative to the plurality of monitoring bases, and to drive the measuring cavity to move vertically to dock with or detach from one of the monitoring bases; The monitoring component is connected to and conducted with the measuring cavity so as to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide inside the measuring cavity after the measuring cavity is docked with one of the monitoring bases.

2. The soil carbon emission monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring base is arranged in an annular shape, and a part of the monitoring base is pre-buried in the soil surface of the monitoring point, and the rest of the monitoring base is exposed from the soil surface, and is provided with an annular slot for docking with the measuring cavity.

3. The soil carbon emission monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A connection port is provided at one end of the measuring cavity for docking with the monitoring base, and a sealing strip is provided in an annular shape at the connection port and is in contact with the annular groove.

4. The soil carbon emission monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A soil temperature and humidity probe is connected to one end of the measuring cavity facing the soil surface. The soil temperature and humidity probe is used to be inserted under the soil surface when the measuring cavity is docked with one of the monitoring bases, and to be detached from the soil surface when the measuring cavity is detached from the monitoring base.

5. The soil carbon emission monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring component includes a carbon dioxide sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, and a photosynthetically active radiation sensor connected to the top or side of the measurement cavity.

6. The soil carbon emission monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner side surface or the inner top surface of the measuring cavity is connected to a turbulent fan, and the turbulent fan is used to mix the gas in the measuring cavity; The end portion or the side surface of the measuring cavity is connected to a carrier gas release pipe, and the carrier gas release pipe connects the measuring cavity with an external carrier gas tank, and the carrier gas tank contains butane or carbon dioxide.

7. The soil carbon emission monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The movable component includes a movable driving mechanism and a lifting driving mechanism. The movable driving mechanism is used to drive the measuring cavity to change position between each of the monitoring bases. The lifting driving mechanism is used to drive the measuring cavity to move relative to the monitoring base to dock with or detach from one of the monitoring bases.

8. The soil carbon emission monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The movable assembly further includes a movable guide rail and a movable seat; the movable guide rail extends along the arrangement path of the plurality of monitoring bases, and the movable seat is movably connected to the movable guide rail; The movable driving mechanism and the lifting driving mechanism are both connected to the movable seat, and the movable driving mechanism is used to drive the movable seat to move relative to the movable guide rail, and the lifting driving mechanism is used to drive the measuring cavity to move relative to the movable seat.

9. The soil carbon emission monitoring device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The movable driving mechanism includes a first driving motor and a driving wheel set; the driving wheel set is connected to the movable seat and is in rolling contact with the movable guide rail; the first driving motor is connected to the movable seat, and the first driving motor is in transmission connection with the driving wheel set to drive the driving wheel set to rotate, thereby driving the movable seat to move relative to the guide rail; The lifting drive mechanism includes a second drive motor and a scissor arm lifting frame. The second drive motor and the scissor arm lifting frame are both connected to the movable seat. The measuring cavity is connected to the scissor arm lifting frame. The second drive motor is used to drive the measuring cavity to move vertically through the scissor arm lifting frame.

10. A soil carbon emission monitoring method, implemented using the soil carbon emission monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: The movable component moves the measuring cavity to directly above one of the monitoring bases; Adjusting the position of the measuring cavity relative to the monitoring base below, and exhausting the original air in the measuring cavity; Injecting a preset volume of carrier gas into the measurement cavity; The movable component drives the measuring cavity to dock with the monitoring base; Wait for the preset equilibration time After the gas mixture is stable, the carbon dioxide concentration data in the measuring cavity is collected at set time intervals. The continuous collection time is ; Calculate carbon dioxide flux and perform data calibration. When the standard deviation exceeds the set threshold or the air pressure fluctuation is abnormal, re-measurement or correction is triggered. After the measurement is completed, the movable component drives the measuring cavity to separate from the monitoring base, and the movable component drives the measuring cavity to return to the initial position or move to the next monitoring base.

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