Machine tool linear motion system precision retentivity test bench for simulating three-dimensional dynamic loading

Abstract

The invention discloses a machine tool linear motion system precision retentivity test bench for simulating three-dimensional dynamic loading, and relates to the technical field of machine tool design and manufacturing. Comprising a linear motion control system for controlling the motion trail and speed of a machine tool linear motion system; the three-dimensional dynamic loading system comprises an X-direction loading unit, a Y-direction loading unit and a Z-direction loading unit and is used for carrying out dynamic simulation loading on the machine tool linear motion system; and the data acquisition and analysis system comprises a high-speed data acquisition card, a signal conditioning module computer and special analysis software, acquires displacement, speed, acceleration and force parameters in real time, and processes and analyzes the data. The simulation device can simulate the complex stress condition of the machine tool in the actual machining process and collect and analyze test data in real time, so that the machining precision and stability of the machine tool are improved, the defects in the precision keeping evaluation aspect of a linear motion system of the machine tool in the prior art are overcome, and the simulation device closer to the actual machining condition is provided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of machine tool design and manufacturing, more specifically, it relates to a machine tool linear motion system precision maintenance test bench for simulating three-dimensional dynamic loading. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of machine tool design and manufacturing, the precision of linear motion system is one of the key factors to ensure the processing quality. With the increasing demand for high precision and high efficiency processing in modern manufacturing industry, the performance optimization of machine tool linear motion system has become an important research direction.

[0003] Traditional machine tool linear motion system precision evaluation methods are mostly based on static or quasi-static condition testing. Although these testing methods can reflect the basic performance of the system to some extent, they often cannot comprehensively and truly simulate the three-dimensional dynamic loading conditions that the machine tool faces in actual processing. In actual processing, the machine tool needs to bear dynamic loads from workpieces, tools and cutting forces, etc. The changes of these loads are complex and difficult to predict, which poses a severe challenge to the precision maintenance ability of machine tool linear motion system.

[0004] In order to more accurately evaluate and optimize the precision maintenance ability of machine tool linear motion system, in recent years, researchers have begun to explore the use of dynamic loading test methods to simulate the stress conditions of machine tools in actual processing. However, existing dynamic loading test devices mostly have problems such as single loading method, limited test range, and inability to comprehensively reflect the dynamic performance of machine tool linear motion system in three-dimensional space.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a simulation device that can simulate the three-dimensional dynamic loading conditions that machine tools may encounter in actual processing and can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the precision maintenance ability of machine tool linear motion system. The present application is proposed to solve this technical problem and provide a new machine tool linear motion system precision maintenance simulation device that is closer to actual processing conditions. SUMMARY

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a machine tool linear motion system precision maintenance test bench for simulating three-dimensional dynamic loading, which makes up for the shortcomings of existing technology in evaluating the precision maintenance of machine tool linear motion system, and realizes comprehensive and accurate evaluation of the precision maintenance ability of machine tool linear motion system by simulating the three-dimensional dynamic loading environment encountered by machine tools in actual processing.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present application is: a machine tool linear motion system precision maintenance test bench for simulating three-dimensional dynamic loading, comprising: a linear motion control system for controlling the motion trajectory and speed of the machine tool linear motion system; The three-dimensional dynamic loading system comprises an X-direction loading unit, a Y-direction loading unit and a Z-direction loading unit, and is used for dynamically simulating and loading a linear motion system of a machine tool. The data acquisition and analysis system comprises a high-speed data acquisition card, a signal conditioning module computer and special analysis software, and is used for acquiring displacement, velocity, acceleration and force parameters in a test process in real time and processing and analyzing the data.

[0008] Preferably, the linear motion system of the machine tool comprises a worktable, a first guide rail and a second guide rail, the first guide rail and the second guide rail are located below the two sides of the worktable, the worktable is in sliding connection with the first guide rail and the second guide rail, and the first guide rail and the second guide rail are fixedly connected to the top of the machine tool bed.

[0009] Preferably, the linear motion control system comprises a motor, a first support, a second support, a first lead screw, a nut seat, a first nut and a first tension and compression sensor, the motor is fixedly connected to the top of the machine tool bed, the first lead screw is rotatably connected to the first support and the second support through bearings, the top of the nut seat is fixedly connected to the lower bottom surface of the worktable, the first nut is fixedly connected to the side vertical surface of the nut seat, the first lead screw is screwed with the first nut, the motor drives the first lead screw to rotate, the first lead screw drives the first nut and the nut seat to move, the nut seat drives the worktable to move linearly along the first guide rail and the second guide rail, a grating ruler and a grating reading head are arranged along the length direction of the first guide rail, and the first tension and compression sensor is further arranged between the first nut and the nut seat.

[0010] Preferably, a torque sensor is further arranged between the motor and the first lead screw, the output shaft of the motor is connected to the torque sensor through a first coupling, and the first lead screw is connected to the torque sensor through a second coupling.

[0011] Preferably, the X-direction loading unit comprises a first support, a second support, a cross beam, a first handle, a second sleeve, a first connecting piece, a third tension and compression sensor and a second connecting piece, the cross beam is fixedly connected to the top of the first support and the second support, and the first support and the second support are located at the two ends of the cross beam; the first support is slidably connected to a third guide rail through a fifth sliding block, and the third guide rail is fixedly connected to the top of the machine tool bed; the second support is slidably connected to a fourth guide rail through a sixth sliding block, and the fourth guide rail is fixedly connected to the top of the machine tool bed; the first handle is rotatably connected to the first support, the second sleeve is fixedly connected to the first handle, the second sleeve is provided with an internal thread, the internal thread is screwed with a first adjusting lead screw, the adjusting lead screw is fixedly connected to the first connecting piece, the first connecting piece is connected to a second loading connector, the second loading connector is fixedly connected to the side surface of the worktable, the third tension and compression sensor is connected between the first connecting piece and the second loading connector; the bottom of the first cross beam support is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the worktable, and the top is slidably connected to the cross beam; the bottom of the second cross beam support is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the worktable, and the top is slidably connected to the cross beam.

[0012] Preferably, the Z-direction loading unit comprises a second handle, a third sleeve, a second connecting piece, the second handle is rotationally connected with the cross beam, one end of the second handle is fixedly connected with the third sleeve, the bottom of the third sleeve is screwed with a second adjusting lead screw, the bottom of the second adjusting lead screw is connected with the second connecting piece, the second connecting piece is connected with a fourth tensile and compressive force sensor, and the fourth tensile and compressive force sensor is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the workbench.

[0013] Preferably, the Y-direction loading unit comprises a third support, a fourth support, a first baffle, a second baffle, a first guide rod, a second guide rod, a movable plate, a first sleeve, a base, a magnetic powder brake, a first loading connector, a second tensile and compressive force sensor, a first bottom plate, a second bottom plate, a first linear bearing, a second linear bearing, a second lead screw, a third support, and a second nut; the base is fixedly connected with the machine bed, the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are both fixedly connected with the base, the third support, the fourth support, the first baffle, and the second baffle form a hollow rectangular box, the magnetic powder brake is fixedly connected with the fourth support, the output shaft of the magnetic powder brake is fixedly connected with the second lead screw, one end of the second lead screw is rotationally connected with the third support, the third support is fixedly connected with the base, the other end of the second lead screw is screwed with the second nut, the second nut is fixedly connected with the movable plate, the first guide rod and the second guide rod are respectively fixedly connected with the first support and the second support and are located on the two sides of the second lead screw, the first linear bearing is slidably sleeved on the outside of the first guide rod, the second linear bearing is slidably sleeved on the outside of the second guide rod, the first linear bearing and the second linear bearing are both fixedly connected with the movable plate, one end of the first sleeve is fixedly connected with the movable plate, and the other end of the first sleeve is fixedly connected with the workbench through the first loading connector, and the second tensile and compressive force sensor is further arranged between the first loading connector and the first sleeve; the magnetic powder brake drives the second lead screw to rotate, the second lead screw drives the movable plate to move horizontally along the first guide rod and the second guide rod, and the movable plate applies a Y-direction force to the workbench through the first sleeve.

[0014] The technical scheme has the following beneficial effects: 1. The simulation device can comprehensively and accurately understand the performance of the machine tool linear motion system under three-dimensional dynamic loading conditions, find potential precision loss problems, and optimize and improve accordingly. In addition, the simulation device has the advantages of high testing efficiency, wide testing range, reliable testing results, and can significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of the machine tool linear motion system precision maintenance evaluation.

[0015] 2. The three-dimensional dynamic loading machine tool linear motion system precision maintenance simulation device not only solves the deficiencies of the prior art in evaluating the precision maintenance capability of the machine tool linear motion system, but also provides a new testing method that is closer to actual machining conditions for the field of machine tool design and manufacturing, and has important practical value and promotional significance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 The overall structure diagram of the test bench; Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the linear motion system of the machine tool; Figure 3 It is the structural diagram of the Y-direction loading unit; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the X-axis and Z-axis loading units: 1. Bed, 2. Motor, 3. Motor seat, 4. First coupling, 5. Torque sensor, 6. Second coupling, 7a. First support, 7b. Second support, 8. First screw, 9a. First guide rail, 9b. Second guide rail, 10a. Third guide rail, 10b. Fourth guide rail, 11. Crossbeam, 12a. First bracket, 12b. Second bracket, 13a. Third bracket, 13b. Fourth bracket, 14a. First baffle, 14b. Second baffle, 15a. First guide rod, 15b. Second guide rod, 16. Movable plate, 17. Workbench, 18. First sleeve, 19. Base, 20. Magnetic powder brake, 21. Nut seat, 22a. First slider, 22b. Second slider, 22c. Third slider, 22d. Fourth slider Block, 23, grating reading head, 24a, fifth slider, 24b, sixth slider, 25, grating scale, 26, first nut, 27, first tension pressure sensor, 28, first loading connector, 29, second tension pressure sensor, 30a, first base plate, 30b, second base plate, 31a, first linear bearing, 31b second linear bearing, 32, second screw, 33, third support, 34, second nut, 35a, first handle, 35b second handle, 36a, second sleeve, 36b, third sleeve, 37a, first connecting piece, 37b, second connecting piece, 38a, third tension pressure sensor, 38b, fourth tension pressure sensor, 39, second loading connector, 40a, first beam support, 40b, second beam support. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] The overall structure of the test bench is as follows Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the load is applied by the mechanical structure in three directions to truly simulate various loading conditions of the machine tool.

[0019] The test bench includes a linear motion control system, a three-dimensional dynamic loading system, and a data acquisition and analysis system. The linear motion control system controls the motion trajectory and speed of the machine tool linear motion system to achieve precise test condition setting. The three-dimensional dynamic loading system includes X, Y, and Z loading units to simulate various complex loading conditions during actual machining and ensure that the test environment is as close as possible to the real machining scenario. The data acquisition and analysis system includes a high-speed data acquisition card, a signal conditioning module, and a dedicated analysis software. It acquires displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force parameters in real time during the test process, processes and analyzes these data to evaluate the precision retention capability of the machine tool linear motion system.

[0020] The machine tool linear motion system includes a worktable 17, a first guide rail 9a, and a second guide rail 9b. The first guide rail 9a is connected to a first slider 22a and a second slider 22b, and the second guide rail 9b is connected to a third slider 22c and a fourth slider 22d. The first guide rail 9a and the second guide rail 9b are located below the worktable 17 on both sides, and the worktable 17 is fixedly connected to the four sliders through bolts. The first guide rail 9a and the second guide rail 9b are fixedly connected to the top of the bed 1. The machine tool linear motion system is the test object of the test bench.

[0021] As shown in Figure 2 The linear motion control system includes a motor 2, a first support 7a, a second support 7b, a first lead screw 8, a nut seat 21, a first nut 26, and a first tension and compression force sensor 27. The bed 1 serves as the support foundation of the entire linear motion control system and provides a stable mounting platform for other components. The first lead screw 8 is a ball screw, and the motor 2 is a servo motor. The motor 2 serves as the driving source and achieves precise movement of the worktable 17 along the first guide rail 9a and the second guide rail 9b by precisely controlling the speed and direction of the motor 2. The motor 2 is fixedly connected to a motor base 3, which is fixedly connected to the top of the bed 1. The motor base 3 ensures stable installation of the motor 2 and reduces vibration and noise. The first support 7a and the second support 7b are supported on both ends of the first lead screw 8 to ensure stable operation and reduce radial and axial deviation. The top of the nut seat 21 is fixedly connected to the lower bottom surface of the worktable 17. The first nut 26 is fixedly connected to the side vertical surface of the nut seat 21, and the first lead screw 8 is screwed with the first nut 26. A torque sensor 5 is also provided between the motor 2 and the first lead screw 8. The output shaft of the motor 2 is connected to the torque sensor 5 through a first coupling 4, and the first lead screw 8 is connected to the torque sensor 5 through a second coupling 6, ensuring that the rotational motion of the first lead screw 8 is stable and accurately transmitted to the worktable, achieving precise linear displacement control.

[0022] The motor 2 drives the first screw rod 8 to rotate, the first screw rod 8 drives the first nut 26 and the nut seat 21 to move, the nut seat 21 drives the workbench 17 to move linearly along the first guide rail 9a and the second guide rail 9b. The grating ruler 25 and the grating reading head 23 are arranged along the length direction of the first guide rail 9a. The grating reading head 23 and the grating ruler 25 constitute a high-precision position feedback system, which can monitor the position information of the workbench 17 in real time, realize closed-loop control, and improve the positioning accuracy and repeatability of the system. The first tension and compression force sensor 27 is used for measuring and monitoring the axial force generated by the workbench 17 during linear motion, and provides important data for system control and data analysis.

[0023] In summary, the linear motion control system of the test bench realizes accurate control of the linear motion of the workbench 17 by integrating high-precision driving, transmission and guiding elements, and provides a stable and reliable technical foundation for simulating three-dimensional dynamic loading tests.

[0024] As shown in Figure 4 The X-direction loading unit includes a first support 12a, a second support 12b, a cross beam 11, a first handle 35a, a second sleeve 36a, a first connecting piece 37a and a second connecting piece 39. The cross beam 11 is fixedly connected to the top of the first support 12a and the second support 12b. The first support 12a and the second support 12b are located at both ends of the cross beam 11, and the three form a gantry structure for stable support. The first support 12a is slidably connected to the third guide rail 10a through the fifth sliding block 24a, and the third guide rail 10a is fixedly connected to the top of the bed body 1. The second support 12b is slidably connected to the fourth guide rail 10b through the sixth sliding block 24b, and the fourth guide rail 10b is fixedly connected to the top of the bed body 1. The fifth sliding block 24a, the third guide rail 10a, the sixth sliding block 24b and the fourth guide rail 10b constitute a linear guide system, so that the X-direction loading unit and the Z-direction loading unit can move with the workbench 17 to realize dynamic loading.

[0025] The first handle 35a is rotationally connected to the first support 12b, and the second sleeve 36a is fixedly connected to the first handle 35a. The second sleeve 36a is internally threaded, and the internally threaded second sleeve 36a is screwed to the first adjusting lead screw. The first adjusting lead screw is fixedly connected to the first connecting piece 37a. The first connecting piece 37a is connected to the second loading connector 39, and the second loading connector 39 is fixedly connected to the side surface of the workbench 17. The third tensile and compressive force sensor 38a is further connected between the first connecting piece 37a and the second loading connector 39. Rotating the first handle 35a drives the second sleeve 36a to rotate, and the second sleeve 36a drives the first adjusting lead screw to move. The first adjusting lead screw and the first connecting piece 37a exert an X-direction force on the workbench 17. The bottom of the first cross beam support 40a is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the workbench 17 by bolts. The top of the first cross beam support 40a extends into one of the through holes in the cross beam 11 and can slide up and down in the through hole. Similarly, the bottom of the second cross beam support 40b is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the workbench 17 by bolts, and the top of the second cross beam support 40b extends into the other through hole in the cross beam 11 and can slide up and down in the through hole.

[0026] The design principle and structure of the Z-direction loading unit are similar to those of the X-direction loading unit, and the Z-direction loading unit is mainly used to exert a Z-direction load. The Z-direction loading unit includes a second handle 35b, a third sleeve 36b, a second connecting piece 37b, and the second handle 35b is rotationally connected to the cross beam 11. The second handle 35b is fixedly connected to one end of the third sleeve 36b. The bottom of the third sleeve 36b is screwed to the second adjusting lead screw. The bottom of the second adjusting lead screw is connected to the second connecting piece 37b. The second connecting piece 37b is connected to the fourth tensile and compressive force sensor 38b, and the fourth tensile and compressive force sensor 38b is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the workbench 17. Rotating the second handle 35b drives the third sleeve 36b to rotate. The third sleeve 36b is internally threaded, and the internally threaded third sleeve 36b is screwed to the second adjusting lead screw. The third sleeve 36b drives the second adjusting lead screw to move up and down. The second adjusting lead screw is connected to the second connecting piece 37b, and the second connecting piece 37b exerts a Z-direction force on the workbench 17.

[0027] As shown in Figure 3 , the Y-direction loading unit includes a third support 13a, a fourth support 13b, a first baffle 14a, a second baffle 14b, a first guide rod 15a, a second guide rod 15b, a movable plate 16, a first sleeve 18, a base 19, a magnetic powder brake 20, a first loading connector 28, a second tensile and compressive force sensor 29, a first bottom plate 30a, a second bottom plate 30b, a first linear bearing 31a, a second linear bearing 31b, a second lead screw 32, a third support 33, and a second nut 34.

[0028] The base 19 is fixedly connected to the bed 1. The first and second base plates 30a, 30b are also fixedly connected to the base 19. The third and fourth brackets 13a, 13b, first and second baffles 14a, 14b form a hollow rectangular box. The third and fourth brackets 13a, 13b, first and second baffles 14a, 14b are all connected to the first and second base plates 30a, 30b. The first and second baffles 14a, 14b are each secured within slots in the two base plates, ensuring the stability and rigidity of the rectangular box structure.

[0029] The magnetic powder brake 20 is fixedly connected to the fourth bracket 13b. Acting as an actuator for applying axial load, the magnetic powder brake 20 controls the output torque by adjusting the magnetic field strength, thereby achieving precise loading of the worktable 17. The output shaft of the magnetic powder brake 20 is fixedly connected to a second lead screw 32. One end of the second lead screw 32 is rotatably connected to a third support 33, which is fixedly connected to the base 19. The other end of the second lead screw 32 is threadedly connected to a second nut 34, which is fixedly connected to the movable plate 16. The second lead screw 32 is equipped with a high-precision and high-rigidity thread to ensure smooth and accurate movement.

[0030] The first guide rod 15a and the second guide rod 15b are located on either side of the second lead screw 32 and are fixedly connected to the first bracket 13a and the second bracket 13b, respectively. A first linear bearing 31a is slidably mounted on the outside of the first guide rod 15a, and a second linear bearing 31b is slidably mounted on the outside of the second guide rod 15b. Both the first linear bearing 31a and the second linear bearing 31b are fixedly connected to the movable plate 16. The first guide rod 15a, the second guide rod 15b, the first linear bearing 31a, and the second linear bearing 31b form a linear guide system that ensures linear motion of the movable plate 16 during loading, reduces lateral offset and vibration, and improves the stability and accuracy of the system.

[0031] One end of the first sleeve 18 is fixedly connected to the movable plate 16, and the other end is fixedly connected to the worktable 17 via the first loading connector 28. The magnetic powder brake 20 rotates the second lead screw 32, which in turn moves the second nut 34. The second nut 34 then drives the movable plate 16 to slide horizontally along the first and second guide rods 15a, 15b. The movable plate 16 applies a Y-direction force to the worktable 17 via the first sleeve 18. A second tension and pressure sensor 29 is also located between the first loading connector 28 and the first sleeve 18.

[0032] The data acquisition and analysis system includes a high-speed data acquisition card, signal conditioning modules, a computer, and specialized analysis software. The data acquisition card connects to each sensor through multiple signal conditioning modules, collecting real-time displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, and other parameters. The computer runs specialized analysis software to process, analyze, and visualize the collected data, assessing the precision retention capability of the machine tool's linear motion system.

[0033] The torque sensor 5 is used to monitor and record the torque changes during transmission in real time, providing key parameters for data analysis. The first tensile and compressive force sensor 27 measures and monitors the axial force generated by the worktable 17 during linear motion, providing important data for system control and data analysis. The second tensile and compressive force sensor 29, the third tensile and compressive force sensor 38a, and the fourth tensile and compressive force sensor 38b are used to monitor the dynamic load on the worktable 17 during motion. The grating reader head 23 and the grating ruler 25 are used to monitor the position information of the worktable 17 in real time, achieving closed-loop control and improving the positioning accuracy and repeatability of the system.

[0034] The specific implementation steps for testing using the test bench are as follows: Step 1: Install and calibrate the motor 2, first lead screw 8, first guide rail 9a, second guide rail 9b, and grating ruler 25.

[0035] Step 2: Write control programs and set expected motion trajectories and velocity curves.

[0036] Step 3: Start the control system and continuously adjust the motor 2 output through closed-loop control algorithms to ensure the worktable 17 moves accurately according to the preset trajectory.

[0037] Step 4: According to the test requirements, set parameters such as loading direction, force value range, torque size, and vibration frequency in the control software.

[0038] Step 5: Start the loading system and apply dynamic loads according to the preset parameters while sensors collect data in real time.

[0039] Step 6: Introduce vibrations of predetermined frequency and amplitude to the worktable 17 through the vibration generator to simulate real machining environments.

[0040] Step 7: Connect all sensors to the data acquisition card to ensure stable signal transmission.

[0041] Step 8: Install and configure specialized analysis software on the computer.

[0042] Step 9: Start the data acquisition and analysis system to begin testing and recording data.

[0043] Step 10: After testing, use the analysis software to process the data and evaluate the machine tool performance.

[0044] The above merely illustrates the preferred embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can make equivalent replacements or changes within the technical scope disclosed by the present application and according to the technical solutions and the inventive concept of the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A machine tool linear motion system precision retention test bench simulating three-dimensional dynamic loading, characterized in that: include: Linear motion control system, which controls the motion trajectory and speed of the machine tool linear motion system; The three-dimensional dynamic loading system, including X-axis loading unit, Y-axis loading unit, and Z-axis loading unit, performs dynamic simulation loading on the machine tool linear motion system; The data acquisition and analysis system, including a high-speed data acquisition card, a signal conditioning module computer and dedicated analysis software, collects the displacement, velocity, acceleration and force parameters during the test in real time, and processes and analyzes these data.

2. The machine tool linear motion system precision retention test bench simulating three-dimensional dynamic loading according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The machine tool linear motion system comprises a workbench (17), a first guide rail (9a), and a second guide rail (9b), wherein the first guide rail (9a) and the second guide rail (9b) are respectively located below the workbench (17) on both sides, the workbench (17) is slidably connected to the first guide rail (9a) and the second guide rail (9b), and the first guide rail (9a) and the second guide rail (9b) are fixedly connected to the top of the bed (1).

3. The machine tool linear motion system precision retention test bench simulating three-dimensional dynamic loading according to claim 2, characterized in that: The linear motion control system comprises a motor (2), a first support (7a), a second support (7b), a first screw (8), a nut seat (21), a first nut (26), and a first tension and compression sensor (27). The motor (2) is fixedly connected to the bed (1). The first screw (8) is rotatably connected to the first support (7a) and the second support (7b) via bearings. The top of the nut seat (21) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the workbench (17). The first nut (26) is fixedly connected to the side surface of the nut seat (21). The first lead screw (8) is screwed to the first nut (26), the motor (2) drives the first lead screw (8) to rotate, the first lead screw (8) drives the first nut (26) and the nut seat (21) to move, the nut seat (21) drives the workbench (17) to slide linearly along the first guide rail (9a) and the second guide rail (9b), a grating ruler (25) and a grating reading head (23) are provided along the length direction of the first guide rail (9a), and a first tension and pressure sensor (27) is also provided between the first nut (26) and the nut seat (21).

4. The machine tool linear motion system precision retention test bench simulating three-dimensional dynamic loading according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A torque sensor (5) is also provided between the motor (2) and the first lead screw (8); the output shaft of the motor (2) is connected to the torque sensor (5) via a first coupling (4); and the first lead screw (8) is connected to the torque sensor (5) via a second coupling (6).

5. The machine tool linear motion system precision retention test bench simulating three-dimensional dynamic loading according to claim 2, characterized in that: The X-direction loading unit comprises a first bracket (12a), a second bracket (12b), a crossbeam (11), a first handle (35a), a second sleeve (36a), a first connecting piece (37a), a third tension and pressure sensor (38a), and a second connecting piece (39); the crossbeam (11) is fixedly connected to the top of the first bracket (12a) and the second bracket (12b); the first bracket (12a) and the second bracket (12b) are respectively located at two ends of the crossbeam (11); the first bracket (12a) is slidably connected to the third guide rail (10a) through the fifth slider (24a), and the third guide rail (10a) is fixedly connected to the bed (1); the second bracket (12b) is slidably connected to the fourth guide rail (10b) through the sixth slider (24b), and the fourth guide rail (10b) is fixedly connected to the bed (1); The first handle (35a) is rotatably connected to the first bracket (12b), the second sleeve (36a) is fixedly connected to the first handle (35a), the second sleeve (36a) is provided with an internal thread, the internal thread is screwed to the first adjusting screw, the adjusting screw is fixedly connected to the first connecting member (37a), the first connecting member (37a) is connected to the second loading connector (39), the second loading connector (39) is fixedly connected to the side of the workbench (17), and a third tension and pressure sensor (38a) is connected between the first connecting member (37a) and the second loading connector (39); the bottom of the first crossbeam support (40a) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the workbench (17), and the top is slidably connected to the crossbeam (11); the bottom of the second crossbeam (40b) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the workbench (17), and the top is slidably connected to the crossbeam (11).

6. The machine tool linear motion system precision retention test bench simulating three-dimensional dynamic loading according to claim 5, characterized in that: The Z-direction loading unit comprises a second handle (35b), a third sleeve (36b), and a second connecting member (37b); the second handle (35b) is rotatably connected to the crossbeam (11); the second handle (35b) is fixedly connected to one end of the third sleeve (36b); the bottom of the third sleeve (36b) is screwed to the second adjusting screw; the bottom of the second adjusting screw is connected to the second connecting member (37b); the second connecting member (37b) is connected to the fourth pulling and pressure sensor (38b); and the fourth pulling and pressure sensor (38b) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the workbench (17).

7. The machine tool linear motion system precision retention test bench simulating three-dimensional dynamic loading according to claim 2, characterized in that: The Y-direction loading unit comprises a third bracket (13a), a fourth bracket (13b), a first baffle (14a), a second baffle (14b), a first guide rod (15a), a second guide rod (15b), a movable plate (16), a first sleeve (18), a base (19), a magnetic powder brake (20), a first loading connector (28), a second tension and pressure sensor (29), a first base plate (30a), a second base plate (30b), a first linear bearing (31a), a second linear bearing (31b), a second lead screw (32), a third support (33), a second screw The mother (34) is fixedly connected to the bed (1), the first base plate (30a) and the second base plate (30b) are fixedly connected to the base (19), the third bracket (13a), the fourth bracket (13b), the first baffle (14a), and the second baffle (14b) form a hollow rectangular box, the magnetic powder brake (20) is fixedly connected to the fourth bracket (13b), the output shaft of the magnetic powder brake (20) is fixedly connected to the second screw (32), one end of the second screw (32) is rotatably connected to the third support (33), the third support (33) is fixedly connected to the base (19), the first support (13a) and the second support (13b) are fixedly connected to the base (19), and the first support (13b) and the second support (14a) are fixedly connected to the base (19). The other end of the second lead screw (32) is screwed to the second nut (34), and the second nut (34) is fixedly connected to the movable plate (16). The first guide rod (15a) and the second guide rod (15b) are respectively located on both sides of the second lead screw (32) and are fixedly connected to the first bracket (13a) and the second bracket (13b). The first linear bearing (31a) is slidably sleeved on the outside of the first guide rod (15a), and the second linear bearing (31b) is slidably sleeved on the outside of the second guide rod (15b). The first linear bearing (31a) and the second linear bearing (31b) are both fixedly connected to the movable plate. (16), one end of the first sleeve (18) is fixedly connected to the movable plate (16), and the other end is fixedly connected to the workbench (17) through the first loading connector (28), and a second tension and pressure sensor (29) is also provided between the first loading connector (28) and the first sleeve (18); the magnetic powder brake (20) drives the second lead screw (32) to rotate, and the second lead screw (32) drives the movable plate (16) to slide horizontally along the first guide rod (15a) and the second guide rod (15b), and the movable plate (16) applies a Y-direction force to the workbench (17) through the first sleeve (18).

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