Power supply device and power supply method

Abstract

The invention provides a power supply device and a power supply method. The device for supplying power comprises a plurality of input paths, a power output port, a plurality of relay modules, a surge protection module and a controller. The controller is arranged to control the plurality of relay modules and the surge protection module to selectively and uninterruptedly connect a single input path of the plurality of input paths to the power supply output port so as to provide a working power supply current from one of the plurality of power supplies.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to power supply, and more particularly, to a device for power supply and a power supply method. Background Art

[0002] Multiple power supplies for computing devices provide redundancy and robustness for computing operations. However, phase differences between different power supplies can disrupt operations and, in some cases, cause irreversible damage to the computing device. Summary of the Invention

[0003] According to one aspect, the present application provides a device for supplying power. The device according to each embodiment includes multiple input paths and a power output port, each of the multiple input paths being coupled to a corresponding power source among a plurality of power sources. The device also includes multiple relay modules coupled to corresponding paths among the multiple input paths. The multiple relay modules are configured to couple one of the multiple input paths to the power output port. Each of the multiple relay modules includes a relay. The device also includes a controller that communicates signals with the multiple relay modules. The controller is configured to control a relay of one of the multiple relay modules to selectively couple a single input path among the multiple input paths to the power output port, thereby providing an operating power current from one of the multiple power sources. Preferably, the relay has a contact gap of 4 mm. Preferably, the relay is configured to achieve a contact switching time of 4 to 5 milliseconds at a voltage 5 times the rated coil voltage of 12 volts.

[0004] According to various embodiments, the device further includes a surge protection module coupled between the plurality of relay modules and the power outlet. The surge protection module can be controlled by the controller to couple one of the plurality of input paths to the power outlet to prevent inrush current. The surge protection module includes a thermistor, a transistor, and a surge switch.

[0005] According to various embodiments, the device further includes a plurality of safety modules, which are coupled between the plurality of power supplies and the plurality of relay modules. Each of the plurality of safety modules includes an electromagnetic interference filter, a line fuse, and a varistor. The electromagnetic interference filter, the line fuse, and the varistor are configured to eliminate electromagnetic interference, prevent overcurrent, and prevent voltage surge.

[0006] According to various embodiments, the device further comprises a plurality of internal power modules coupled between the plurality of safety modules and the plurality of relay modules. Each of the plurality of internal power modules comprises a bridge diode rectifier and a flyback converter to convert an AC voltage into a regulated DC voltage. Preferably, the regulated DC voltage is used to power the controller, the relay, and the surge switch.

[0007] According to various embodiments, the controller is configured to disconnect a first input path among the multiple input paths from the power outlet by turning off a first relay of a first relay module among the multiple relay modules and the surge switch in response to detecting a change in the operating power supply voltage, and to couple a second input path among the multiple input paths to the power outlet by turning on a second relay of a second relay module among the multiple relay modules and the surge switch.

[0008] According to various embodiments, the change corresponds to a voltage of a first input path among the plurality of input paths dropping below a lower voltage threshold. According to various embodiments, the change corresponds to a voltage of the first input path among the plurality of input paths suddenly rising above an upper voltage threshold. According to various embodiments, the change corresponds to a voltage of the first input path among the plurality of input paths fluctuating outside a threshold voltage band.

[0009] According to various embodiments, the controller is configured to provide a first time delay between detecting the change and disconnecting the first relay and the surge switch. According to various embodiments, the controller is configured to provide a second time delay between disconnecting the first relay and the surge switch and connecting the second relay. According to various embodiments, the controller is configured to provide a third time delay between connecting the second relay and connecting the transistor. According to various embodiments, the controller is configured to provide a total switching time, the total switching time being defined by the sum of the first time delay, the second time delay, and the third time delay, wherein the total switching time is within a range of 8 milliseconds to 12 milliseconds, and the second time delay is within a range of 5 milliseconds to 7 milliseconds.

[0010] According to another aspect, the present application provides a power supply method. The power supply method according to various embodiments includes controlling multiple relay modules to selectively couple a single input path from a plurality of input paths to a power outlet to provide an operating power current from one of a plurality of power sources. The multiple relay modules are coupled to corresponding paths from the plurality of input paths, and the plurality of input paths are coupled to corresponding ones of the plurality of power sources.

[0011] According to various embodiments, the method further includes controlling a surge protection module to couple one of the plurality of input paths to the power output to prevent a surge current. The surge protection module is coupled between the plurality of relay modules and the power output.

[0012] According to various embodiments, the method further includes filtering each of the plurality of input paths to eliminate electromagnetic interference, prevent overcurrent, and prevent voltage spikes. According to various embodiments, the method further includes converting an alternating current voltage of each of the plurality of input paths to a regulated direct current voltage after filtering the plurality of input paths.

[0013] According to various embodiments, the method further includes disconnecting a first one of the plurality of input paths from the power output and coupling a second one of the plurality of input paths to the power output in response to detecting a change in operating power supply voltage. According to various embodiments, the method further includes opening a first relay of a first relay module of the plurality of relay modules and a surge switch of the surge protection module; and closing a second relay of the first relay module of the plurality of relay modules and the surge switch.

[0014] According to various embodiments, the method further includes providing a first time delay between detecting the change and opening the first relay and the surge switch. According to various embodiments, the method further includes providing a second time delay between opening the first relay and the surge switch and closing the second relay. According to various embodiments, the method further includes providing a third time delay between closing the second relay and closing the transistor. According to various embodiments, the method further includes providing a total switching time defined by a sum of the first time delay, the second time delay, and the third time delay, wherein the total switching time is within 8 milliseconds to 12 milliseconds, and the second time delay is within 5 milliseconds to 7 milliseconds.

[0015] In some embodiments, the controller is configured to disconnect a first one of the plurality of power supplies from the power output and connect a second one of the plurality of power supplies to the power output in response to detecting a change in operating power supply voltage. Preferably, the change corresponds to the operating power supply voltage falling below a lower voltage threshold. Preferably, the change corresponds to a fluctuation in the operating power supply voltage outside of a voltage threshold band. Preferably, the connection module includes a plurality of relay modules, each of the plurality of relay modules coupled between a respective one of the plurality of input paths and the power output.

[0016] In some embodiments, each of the plurality of relay modules comprises a relay coupled between a switch and a positive temperature coefficient thermistor coupled in parallel between the relay and the power output. Preferably, the controller is configured to disconnect a first relay and a first switch of a first one of the plurality of relay modules; and connect a second relay and a second switch of a second one of the plurality of relay modules. Preferably, the controller is further configured to provide a transition pause between disconnecting the first relay and the first switch and connecting the second relay and the second switch. The controller can further connect the second switch after connecting the second relay.

[0017] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises at least one safety module coupled to the plurality of input paths. Preferably, the at least one safety module comprises an X capacitor, a line fuse and a varistor coupled in series. Preferably, the computing apparatus comprises the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 11.

[0018] According to another aspect, the present application provides a power supply method. The power supply method comprises: based on at least one power current of a plurality of power sources, controlling a connection module to connect a single one of a plurality of input paths to a power output to provide an operating power current, wherein the connection module comprises the plurality of input paths and the power output, each of the plurality of input paths is couplable to a respective one of the plurality of power sources, and the connection module is configured to selectively connect any one of the plurality of input paths to the power output.

[0019] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: in response to detecting a change in the operating power voltage, disconnecting a first one of the plurality of power sources from the power output and connecting a second one of the plurality of power sources to the power output. Preferably, the change corresponds to the operating power voltage falling below a lower voltage threshold. Preferably, the change corresponds to a fluctuation in the operating power voltage outside a voltage threshold band.

[0020] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: disconnecting a first relay and a first switch of a first one of a plurality of relay modules, each of which is coupled between a respective one of the plurality of input paths and the power output; and connecting a second relay and a second switch of a second one of the plurality of relay modules.

[0021] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: providing a transition pause between disconnecting the first relay and the first switch and connecting the second relay and the second switch. Preferably, wherein the transition pause is in the range of 12 milliseconds to 14 milliseconds. Preferably, the method further comprises: connecting the second switch after connecting the second relay. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Various embodiments of the application are described herein below, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 An ideal source current is shown;

[0024] Figure 2 Two source currents from different power sources are shown forming a phase difference;

[0025] Figure 3 Two source currents from different power sources are shown out of phase by 180 degrees;

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a computing device comprising a connection module and a receiving module, provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a computing device comprising a connection module and a power supply unit (PSU), according to an embodiment of the application.

[0028] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a computing device comprising a connection module having a plurality of relay modules, according to other embodiments of the application.

[0029] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a relay module, provided by an embodiment of the application.

[0030] Figure 8 is a working logic diagram of a switching module, according to an example.

[0031] Figure 9 is a flowchart of a power supply method, according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0032] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a computing device comprising a power supply device and a receiving module, according to other embodiments of the application.

[0033] Figure 11 is Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a power supply device, according to an embodiment of the application.

[0034] Figure 12 is Figure 11 is a switching operation logic schematic diagram, according to an embodiment of the application.

[0035] Figure 13 is a flowchart of a power supply method according to other embodiments of the present application.

[0036] Figure 14 A block diagram illustrating a processing system for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The details and embodiments of the present disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings for purposes of illustration, in which details of specific embodiments are set forth to provide an understanding of the present disclosure. The features described in the context of an embodiment can correspondingly apply to the same or similar features in other embodiments, even if not explicitly described in those other embodiments. Additions and / or combinations and / or alternatives of features described in the context of a feature in an embodiment can correspondingly apply to the same or similar features in other embodiments.

[0038] In the context of various embodiments, the articles "a", "an", and "the" as used with respect to a feature or element include a reference to one or more of the features or elements. In the context of various embodiments, the term "about" or "approximately" applied to a value of an item refers to the exact value and a reasonable variance as would be generally understood by those having ordinary skill in the relevant art, such as within 10% of the stated value.

[0039] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0040] The term "connected" or "coupled" as used herein can be used to refer to any one or more of the following: the term "electrically connected", "electrically coupled", "electrically coupled", "electrically connected", "electrically connected", etc. as can be understood from the context. The term "connected" or "coupled" can refer to the behavior of allowing current to flow or pass between two components, for example, from a first module A to a second module B. The term "connected" can also refer to the behavior of intentionally transmitting power or current between two components. The action of "connected" or "coupled" can include closing a switch between a power source and a power receiving module, reducing the resistance of a connecting resistor between two electrical modules, providing a source current to a receiving module, providing a substantially zero resistance between two power modules, etc.

[0041] The term "coupled" or "coupled" can generally refer to a connection or connection relationship, which includes a potential connection and / or indirect connection relationship between two components. For example, the coupling between the first module A and the second module B can be a potential connection between the modules A and B, for connecting and disconnecting the two modules A / B, such as a switch. In another example, module A can be coupled to module B via an indirect coupling by using an intermediate device between the two modules A / B to connect module A to module B.

[0042] For the sake of brevity, devices for powering can include, but are not limited to, various devices that can be connected to one or more power sources. As an example, the devices can include power supply units, sub-modules of power supply units, detachable modules for power supply units, plug-in modules for power supply units, integrated controller modules, power connectors, modules, power management modules, power adapters, etc.

[0043] Computing devices can include, but are not limited to, computing units, controller units, motherboards, servers, server nodes, server clusters, desktop computers, notebook computers, etc. various computing devices.

[0044] Receiving modules can include, but are not limited to, various modules that receive power current / voltage, such as computing modules, power supply modules, sub-modules of power supply units, power conditioning modules, sub-modules of power supply modules, etc. As used herein, the term "source current" can be used to refer to any one or more of the terms "source power", "source voltage", "power supply current", "power supply voltage", etc. as can be understood from the context.

[0045] The motivation for providing multiple input power sources in a computing device stems from the need for power supply redundancy and robustness of computing operations. In one example, such as an edge server that forms a connection between multiple independent networks, multiple input power sources for the edge server reduce the risk of potential power outage due to input power failure, thereby reducing potential downtime. In addition, multiple input power sources also provide the option of selecting power sources for optimal performance. For example, one power source that provides unstable or fluctuating source current or source voltage can be switched to another power source that provides stable source current or source voltage.

[0046] Figure 1 An ideal source current 81 from two independent input power sources is shown. The ideal source current 81 can be a combination of two source currents 81a / 81b that are perfectly in phase. However, in practical applications, as shown, the source currents 81c / 81d from different power sources are usually out of phase, thus forming a phase gap (PG) 83. Figure 2

[0047] ​In this document, the term "phase difference" refers to the phase difference existing between two AC waveforms from two different power sources. This phase difference can be caused by frequency difference, system characteristic mismatch, or synchronization problem. A large phase difference can cause interference or harmonic distortion in a computing system, resulting in low power efficiency, voltage fluctuation, short circuit, and even device damage. Therefore, to provide efficient, stable, and reliable operation in a computing system, especially in a system involving multiple power sources, managing the phase difference is needed. For a single AC power source, a power factor correction (PFC) circuit can be used to adjust the phase relationship between the current and voltage from the power source, making the current in phase with the voltage, thus improving the power factor. The power factor is an indicator of the efficiency of the use of electrical energy. By correcting the phase, the power consumption of the electrical load can be made more efficient, thus reducing overall energy waste and minimizing harmonic distortion. However, for multiple AC power sources with different phase angles (i.e., different phases from each other), the PFC circuit cannot correct the phase difference between these power sources.

[0048] Thus, the phase difference (PG) can cause problems for dual-input or multi-input power sources. Since the source currents come from different power sources, the phases can not be synchronized before input to a power supply unit (PSU). For example, a typical PSU can include a power factor correction (PFC) topology (AC / DC) that is set up to track the input source current for power factor correction. However, due to the difference in power sources, the power factor corrector usually cannot correct the different phases of the source currents. Furthermore, when two different source currents are combined, the resulting source current waveform can be transformed into a harmonic current, causing the power factor corrector to fail to work. Further, referring to Figure 3 In an example where the phase difference (PG) between two source currents (sine waves) is 180 degrees or the two source currents are 180 degrees out of phase, the source currents will cancel each other out or destructively interfere, resulting in a source current waveform with zero amplitude, and can cause damage or failure to the computing device, such as short circuit, overheating, etc.

[0049] In view of various potential drawbacks or difficulties of different phases of multiple input source currents / voltages, the present disclosure includes an apparatus for supplying power to a computing unit and a method of supplying power to a computing unit according to various embodiments. The apparatus for supplying power can be in the form of an insert module of a power supply unit (PSU) of the computing unit. Alternatively, the apparatus for supplying power can be integrated with the power supply unit of the computing unit. The apparatus for supplying power can also be integrated with the processing unit of the computing unit.

[0050] According to various embodiments, the apparatus can be coupled to multiple power sources. The apparatus can also be coupled to a receiving module, such as a power supply unit, via a power output. The apparatus can provide multiple separate or independent input paths between the multiple power sources and the power supply unit. Thus, each input path can be correspondingly coupled to one power source. Under the control of a controller, autonomous selection of a single power source from the multiple power sources can be performed to determine a working power source. Upon selection of the working power source, a connection module can connect the working power source to the power supply unit to provide a working power source current / working power source voltage. By selecting only one power source during operation, the apparatus mitigates problems due to phase differences between the multiple power sources. In response to a change in the working power source current / working power source voltage, the controller can disconnect the working power source and connect another power source to the power supply unit, thereby ensuring stable and consistent power input. In various embodiments of the connection module, each input path can be coupled to a separate relay or relay module. Under the control of the controller, selection or change of the working power source can be achieved by switching or connecting / disconnecting of the various relays or relay modules. This overcomes the problem of phase differences between the multiple source currents / voltages, thereby enabling one or more input power sources.

[0051] According to various embodiments of an exemplary power supply unit (PSU), the power supply unit can be divided into a connection module and a receiving module. The receiving module can correspond to an existing power supply unit module or power supply unit architecture. The connection module can include a path switching relay for switching between two or more power sources and provide a working power source current / working power source voltage to the power supply unit module via a power output. The path switching relay can be powered by an auxiliary power supply of the power supply unit module. A controller of the power supply unit module can be configured to control the path switching relay. The controller of the power supply unit module can also monitor and / or sense respective source currents / voltages from each power source. In response to detecting a loss or interruption of the working power source current / working power source voltage, the controller can control the connection module to switch from one power source to another power source as the working power source while maintaining a single power source to power the power supply unit module.

[0052] To aid understanding without limitation, various embodiments of an apparatus 100 for power supply will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a computing device 50 is shown. The computing device 50 includes a connection module 100 coupled to a receiving module 300. The connection module 100 can be coupled to two or more power sources 80a / 80b / … / 80n. Each power source 80a / 80b / … / 80n can provide a respective source current 81a / 81b / … / 81n or source voltage 82a / 82b / … / 82n. The connection module 100 can be coupled between the power sources 80a / 80b / … / 80n and the receiving module 300. The receiving module 300 can be a power supply unit (PSU) or a power supply unit module. In other examples, the receiving module 300 can be a computing unit or a processor.

[0053] In various embodiments, device 100 may be a connection module 100 comprising a plurality of input paths 201a / 201b / ... / 201n, each input path 201a / 201b / ... / 201n coupled to a respective one of power sources 80a / 80b / ... / 80n. For example, input path 201a may correspond to power source 80a for transmitting source current 81a, and input path 201b may correspond to power source 80b for transmitting source current 81b. Input paths 201a / 201b / ... / 201n may be coupled between power sources 80a / 80b / ... / 80n. Input paths 201a / 201b / ... / 201n may be separate paths electrically isolated from one another. In some examples, adjacent input paths 201a / 201b may be separated by a minimum safety gap or distance of 4.6 mm. In other words, input paths 201a / 201b / ... / 201n are configured to minimize interference / noise between each other. Input paths 201a / 201b / ... / 201n can be connected to one or more safety modules 209. Safety modules 209 can include independent active or passive safety elements for each corresponding input path 201a / 201b / ... / 201n through which source current 81a / 81b / ... / 81n flows. Connection module 100 can also include a power outlet 202. Power outlet 202 can be coupled to receiving module 300.

[0054] In some embodiments, the connection module 100 can selectively connect any one of the input paths 201a / 201b / ... / 201n to the power outlet 202, and thus to the receiving module 300. The connection module 100 may include a switching module 200. The switching module 200 can selectively connect any one of the input paths 201a / 201b / ... / 201n to the receiving module 300. For example, the switching module 200 can switch from connecting the first power source 80a to the receiving module 300 to connecting the second power source 80b to the receiving module 300. In some examples, the switching module 200 may include a relay or switch for switching between two or more power sources. In examples with a single relay or switch, adjacent input paths 201a / 201b / ... / 201n may have a minimum safety clearance between them. By way of example, the minimum safety clearance between adjacent input paths may be in the range of 4 to 5 millimeters (mm), preferably approximately 4.6 mm.

[0055] In some embodiments, the connection module 100 can include a controller 400 in signal communication with the connection module 100. In some embodiments, the controller can be integrated with the connection module 100. For example, the controller 410 can be assembled on the same printed circuit board as the connection module 100. In various embodiments, the controller 410 can be configured to control the connection module 100 to connect a single input path (e.g., input path 80a) to the receiving module 300 via the power output 202. For example, the controller 410 can send a control signal to the connection module 100 based on a control rule or control algorithm. Accordingly, the controller 410 controls the connection module 100 to provide operating power current 203 / operating power voltage 204 to the power output 202 / receiving module 300 from a single power source. In other words, at any given time, at most only one power source 80 / one input path 201 is connected to the power output 202 / receiving module 300.

[0056] In some embodiments, the controller 410 controls the connection module 100 based on one or more of the respective power source voltages 82a / 82b / ... / 82n from the power sources 80a / 80b / ... / 80n. The controller 410 can independently measure or sense each respective source voltage 82a / 82b / ... / 82n in the input paths 201a / 201b / ... / 201n and control the connection module 100 based on the source voltages 82a / 82b / ... / 82n. In one example, the first power source 80a can be an operating power source. When a change in the operating power voltage 204 is detected, the controller 410 can control the connection module 100 to disconnect the first power source 80a from the power output 202 / receiving module 300 and connect the second power source 80b to the power output 202 / receiving module 300. Accordingly, the second power source 80b can be the operating power source for providing the operating power current 203 and the operating power voltage 204 to the power output 202. The change in the operating power voltage 204 can correspond to a power outage or operating power failure. For example, the change in the operating power voltage 204 can correspond to the operating power voltage 204 falling below a voltage threshold or a lower voltage threshold limit. For example, the voltage threshold can be between 70V and 75V. The lower voltage threshold limit can correspond to a minimum threshold average power. In another example, the change in the operating power voltage 204 can correspond to a surge in the operating power voltage 204 such that the operating power voltage 204 is above an upper voltage threshold limit. The upper voltage threshold limit can correspond to a maximum threshold average power. In other examples, the change in the operating power voltage 204 can correspond to fluctuations in the operating power voltage 204 outside of a voltage threshold band. The voltage threshold band can correspond to an acceptable fluctuation band of average power.

[0057] In other embodiments, the controller 410 can measure and compare two or more source currents 81a / 81b / ... / 81n and / or two or more source voltages 82a / 82b / ... / 82n from the corresponding power sources 80a / 80b / ... / before the control connection module 100 selects the most suitable power source as the working power source. For example, the controller 410 can determine the most stable source current 81b among all available power sources 80a / 80b / ... / 80n, and select this power source 80b as the working power source.

[0058] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a computing device 50 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. The computing device 50 can include a connection module 100 coupled between two power sources 80a / 80b and a receiving module 300. The connection module 100 can include a plurality of input paths 201a / 201b, each input path 201a / 201b coupled to a corresponding power source 80a / 80b. The connection module 100 can also include a power output 202. The power output 202 can be coupled to the receiving module 300. The connection module 100 can also include a switching module 200. The switching module 200 can selectively connect any one of the input paths 201a / 201b to the power output 202, and thus to the receiving module 300.

[0059] The receiving module 300 can be a power supply unit (PSU) 300 for receiving a working power current 203 and providing an output current 205 to other modules of the computing device. The power supply unit 300 can include an Electro-Magnetic interference (EMI) filter 310, a bridge diode 320, a Power Factor Correction (PFC) topology (AC / DC) 330, and a resonant converter (LLC) topology (DC / DC) 340 coupled in series. In some examples, the power supply unit 300 can perform power conditioning on the working power current 203, such as converting an alternating current working power current 203 (AC) to a direct current output current 205 (DC).

[0060] The controller 410 can communicate signals with the connection module 100. The controller 410 can be configured to control the switching module 200 to connect a single input path (e.g., input path 80a) to the receiving module 300 via the power outlet 202. Consequently, the controller 410 can control the connection module 100 to provide the operating power current 203 and operating power voltage 204 from a single power source to the receiving module 300. The controller 410 can be a power supply unit controller or a power supply unit digital signal processor (PSU-DSP). Furthermore, an auxiliary power supply (AUX) 420 on the power supply unit can be used to power the switching module 200. In one embodiment, both the controller 410 and the auxiliary power supply 420 are integrated with the PSU 300. In various embodiments, the controller 410 can independently measure or sense each source voltage 82a / 82b in the input paths 201a / 201b and control the connection module 100 based on the source voltages 82a / 82b.

[0061] The connection module 100 may further include multiple safety modules 209a / 209b. Each safety module 209a / 209b may be coupled to a corresponding input path 201a / 201b. Each safety module 209a / 209b may include an independent active safety element or a passive safety element for the corresponding input path 201a / 201b through which each source current 81a / 81b flows.

[0062] In various embodiments, Figure 5 As shown, each safety module 209a / 209b may include a series-coupled X-capacitor 220a / 220b, a line fuse 230a / 230b, and a varistor 240a / 240b. The X-capacitor 220a / 220b may be configured to suppress differential-mode interference and provide power supply filtering. In the event of a current surge in the corresponding input path 201a / 201b, the line fuse 230a / 230b may serve as a circuit-breaking safety element. The varistor 240a / 240b may have a variable resistance and may be used for lightning protection.

[0063] Figure 6is a schematic diagram of a computing device 50 in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure. The computing device 50 can include a connection module 100 coupled between two power sources 80a / 80b and a receiving module 300. The two power sources 80a / 80b can include a first power source 80a and a second power source 80b. In various embodiments, the connection module 100 can include a first input path 201a connected to the first power source 80a and a second input path 201b connected to the second power source 80b. The connection module 100 can also include a power output 202 coupled to the receiving module 300. The connection module 100 can also include a switching module 200. The switching module 200 can selectively connect any one of the input paths 201a / 201b to the power output 202.

[0064] In various embodiments, the switching module 200 can include a plurality of relay modules 210, such as a first relay module 210a and a second relay module 210b arranged in parallel. Each relay module 210a / 210b can be coupled between a respective input path 80a / 80b and the receiving module 300. The first relay module 210a can be coupled to the first input path 201a and the second relay module 210b can be coupled to the second input path 201b. Each relay module 210a / 210b can be configured to independently connect the respective input path 80a / 80b to the receiving module 300. Similarly, each relay module 210a / 210b can be configured to independently disconnect the respective input path 80a / 80b from the power output 202 / receiving module 300.

[0065] The controller 410 can be in signal communication with the connection module 100. The controller 410 can be configured to control the switching module 200 to connect a single one of the input paths (e.g., the input path 80b) to the power output 202. Thus, the controller 410 controls the connection module 100 to provide operating power current 203 / operating power voltage 204 to the receiving module 300 from a single power source. It will be appreciated that in various embodiments where there are more than two power inputs (e.g., power inputs 80a / 80b / ... / 80n as shown), the controller 410 can be configured to control (connect or disconnect) each relay module to connect a single input path (e.g., the input path 81n as shown) to the power output 202 / receiving module 300 and to disconnect the other input paths (e.g., the input paths 201a / 201b / ...) from the power output 202 / receiving module 300. Figure 4 Figure 4 Figure 4

[0066] ​​​The controller 410 can be integrated with the connection module 100. In addition, an auxiliary power supply (AUX) 420 can be used to power the switching module 200 and the controller 410. The auxiliary power supply 420 can also be integrated with the connection module 100. The receiving module 300 can be a power unit 300. The power unit 300 can include the following components coupled in series: an Electro-Magnetic interference (EMI) filter 310; a bridge diode 320; a Power Factor Correction (PFC) topology (AC / DC) 330; and a resonant converter (LLC) topology (DC / DC) 340.

[0067] In some embodiments, both the controller 410 and the auxiliary power supply 420 can be integrated with the connection module 100 to form a stand-alone plug-in module. In some examples, the connection module 100 can be configured as a detachable module or as an add-on to a current existing computing device, such as a desktop computer. In other examples, the connection module 100 can be an add-on to an existing Edge Server and can be used on the Edge Server without any modification to the Edge Server. In yet other examples, the connection module 100 can be an add-on to an existing power unit and thus allows the existing ground power unit to have multiple power inputs.

[0068] Figure 7 A relay module 210 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. The relay module 210 can include a relay 212 coupled to a switch 214 and a thermistor or positive temperature coefficient thermistor (PTC) 216. The switch 214 and the positive temperature coefficient thermistor 216 can be coupled in parallel between the relay 212 and the power outlet 202. In various embodiments, the positive temperature coefficient thermistor 216 can suppress inrush or inrush current when the relay 212 is turned on (forming a closed circuit). Multiple parallel relay modules 210 can be coupled to the receiving module 300 via the power outlet 202.

[0069] Figure 8 A receiving module 300 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 6 and Figure 7Figure 3 illustrates an example working logic diagram of the relay modules 210a / 210b of the switch module 200 of the example apparatus shown in Figure 1. In the example, the first relay module 210a includes a relay 212a coupled to a switch 214a and a positive temperature coefficient thermistor 216a, and the second relay module 210b includes a relay 212b coupled to a switch 214b and a positive temperature coefficient thermistor 216b. In this example, the first power supply 80a provides a source current 81a and a source voltage 82a. Similarly, the second power supply 80b provides a source current 81b and a source voltage 82b.

[0070] At time TO, the first power supply 80a is connected to the receiving module 300 through the first relay module 210a. Thus, the first power supply 80a provides the operating supply current 203 / operating supply voltage 204 to the receiving module 300. To connect the first power supply 80a to the receiving module 300, both the relay 212a and the switch 214a are closed. Further, the second power supply 80b is disconnected from the receiving module 300. Thus, the second power supply 80b does not provide the operating supply current 203 / operating supply voltage 204 to the receiving module 300. To disconnect the second power supply 80b from the receiving module 300, the relay 212b and the switch 212b are open.

[0071] At time Tl, the first power supply 80a fails, causing the operating supply voltage 204 (i.e., the source voltage 82a from the first power supply 80a) to drop below a voltage threshold. When the drop in the operating supply voltage 204 is detected at time Tl, the controller 410 controls the connection module 100 to disconnect the first relay 212a and the first switch 214a of the first relay module 210a at time T2, and to connect the second switch 212b and the second switch 214b of the second relay module 210b at time T3. It can be noted that there can be a small lag T12 between Tl and T2 due to the reaction time required by the controller 410 to detect the drop in the operating supply voltage 204 and to disconnect the first relay 212a and the first switch 214a. In an example, the lag is typically between 2 to 4 milliseconds.

[0072] In some cases, to filter out relay contact bounce, a transition period or transition pause T23 between time T2 and T3 can be provided by the controller 410. The transition pause T23 is an intentional interruption between disconnecting the first relay 212a and the first switch 214a and connecting the second relay 212b and / or the second switch 214b. This allows the relay contact bounce to be filtered out or eliminated. For example, the transition pause can range between 12 to 14 milliseconds. During the transition pause T23, the receiving module 300 can use the energy stored in the bulk capacitor to continue operating. For example, the receiving module 300 can use the energy in the bulk capacitor to continue powering the computing device.

[0073] In some cases, since the positive temperature coefficient thermistor 216b can suppress the inrush current or current surge from the second relay 212b, the controller 410 can control the connection module 100 to connect the second switch 214b after connecting the second relay 212b. The controller 410 can provide a gap time T34 between connecting the second relay 212b and connecting the switch 214b. As an example, the gap time T34 is about 2 milliseconds.

[0074] According to another aspect, a method 500 of providing power to a computing device is provided in accordance with various embodiments. As shown, the method 500 can include, at step 510, controlling a connection module to connect a single input path of a plurality of input paths to a power output to provide an operating source current. In some embodiments, the method 500 can further include, at step 520, in response to detecting a change in the operating source voltage, disconnecting a first of a plurality of power sources from the power output and connecting a second of the plurality of power sources to the power output. In some embodiments, the method 500 can further include, at step 530, disconnecting a first relay of a first relay module and a first switch of the first relay module of a plurality of relay modules, each of the plurality of relay modules coupled between a respective input path of the plurality of input paths and the power output, and connecting a second relay of a second relay module and a second switch of the second relay module. In some embodiments, the method 500 can further include providing a transition pause between disconnecting the first relay and the first switch and connecting the second relay and the second switch. In some embodiments, the method 500 can further include connecting the second switch after connecting the second relay. Figure 9

[0075] According to an aspect, an apparatus for providing power is provided. The apparatus can include a connection module including a plurality of input paths and a power output, the plurality of input paths couplable to a respective one of a plurality of power sources. The connection module can be configured to selectively couple any of the plurality of input paths to the power output, and a controller in signal communication with the plurality of relay modules. The controller can be configured to control the connection module to couple a single input path of the plurality of input paths to the power output to provide an operating source current based on at least one of the plurality of power sources sourcing the current.

[0076] In some embodiments, the controller can be configured to disconnect a first input path of the plurality of input paths from the power output by cutting off a first relay of a first relay module of the plurality of relay modules and the inrush switch in response to detecting a change in the operating source voltage. In some embodiments, the change corresponds to a fluctuation in the operating source voltage outside of a threshold voltage band.

[0077] ​In some embodiments, the connection module includes a plurality of relay modules, each of the plurality of relay modules being coupled between a respective one of the plurality of input paths and the power output. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of relay modules includes a relay coupled between a switch and a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistor, the switch and the PTC resistor being coupled in parallel between the relay and the power output. In some embodiments, the controller is configured to disconnect a first relay and a first switch of a first one of the plurality of relay modules and connect a second relay and a second switch of a second one of the plurality of relay modules. In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to provide a transition delay between disconnecting the first relay and the first switch and connecting the second relay and the second switch. In some embodiments, the controller is further configured to connect the second switch after connecting the second relay.

[0078] In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes at least one safety module coupled to the plurality of input paths. In some embodiments, the at least one safety module includes an X capacitor, a line fuse, and a voltage-dependent resistor connected in series.

[0079] According to another aspect, the present application provides a computing device including the above apparatus.

[0080] According to yet another aspect, the present application provides a method of supplying power. The method includes coupling a single one of a plurality of input paths to a power output based on at least one source current of a plurality of power sources with a connection module, wherein the connection module includes the input paths and the power sources, and the connection module is configured to selectively couple any one of the plurality of input paths to the power output with an operating source current.

[0081] In some embodiments, the method further includes, in response to detecting a change in the operating power supply voltage, disconnecting a first one of the plurality of power sources from the power output and coupling a second one of the plurality of power sources to the power output. In some embodiments, the change corresponds to a drop in the operating power supply voltage below a lower voltage threshold. In some embodiments, the change corresponds to a fluctuation in the operating power supply voltage outside of a voltage threshold band.

[0082] In some embodiments, the method further includes disconnecting a first relay and a first switch of a first one of the plurality of relay modules and connecting a second relay and a second switch of a second one of the plurality of relay modules, wherein each of the plurality of relay modules is coupled between a respective one of the plurality of input paths and the power output. In some embodiments, the method further includes providing a time delay between disconnecting the first relay and the first switch and connecting the second relay and the second switch. In some embodiments, the method further includes connecting the second switch after connecting the second relay.

[0083] In another embodiment, if Figure 10 As shown, a device 600 for powering a device includes multiple safety modules 610 (610a / 610b / … / 610n), multiple relay modules 620 (620a / 620b / … / 620n), multiple internal power modules 640 (640a / 640b / … / 640n), a surge protection module 630, and a controller 650. Device 600 also includes multiple power inputs 601 and a power output 602. Power input 601 is a power input connector that is coupled to an AC power source via a cable to provide AC power (e.g., 90V to 264V, 9A AC) to the device. Optionally, power input 601 complies with the industry standard IEC C14. Power output 602 is a power output connector that is coupled to an external receiving module 700 via an AC cable. Receiving module 700 can be a power supply unit (PSU) or other electrical system that requires AC power.

[0084] like Figure 10 As shown, multiple power input ports 601a / 601b / … / 601n are coupled to corresponding multiple power supplies 80a / 80b / … / 80n, forming corresponding multiple input paths 201a / 201b / … / 201n. The multiple input paths 201a / 201b / … / 201n are independent of each other and provide source currents 81a / 81b / … / 81n and source voltages 82a / 82b / … / 82n to the receiving module 700 via the power output port 602. For example, the device 600 can be configured to include four independent input paths, each connected to a separate power supply. This allows one input path to serve as the primary power input, while the other three input paths serve as redundant power inputs. These four input paths can have different voltage / current phases. When the device switches from one input path to another, the receiving module 700, coupled to the device 600 via the power outlet, can continue to operate.

[0085] A plurality of safety modules 610a / 610b / ... / 610n are coupled to a corresponding plurality of input paths 201a / 201b / ... / 201n. The plurality of safety modules 610 are used to prevent electromagnetic interference and provide over current and voltage surge protection. A plurality of relay modules 620a / 620b / ... / 620n are coupled to a corresponding plurality of safety modules 610a / 610b / ... / 610n. The relay modules 620 are used to allow only one input path 201a / 201b / ... / 201n to be coupled to the receiving module 700 at any given time, thereby avoiding phase difference problems. A surge protection module 630 is coupled between the relay modules 620 and the power outlet 602. The surge protection module 630 is used to control current flow and prevent surge currents that can damage electronic components. A plurality of internal power supply modules 640a / 640b / ... / 640n are coupled between a corresponding plurality of safety modules 610a / 610b / ... / 610n and a corresponding plurality of relay modules 620a / 620b / ... / 620n. The internal power supply modules 640 are used to convert alternating current voltage from the power supply to regulated direct current voltage for internal use. For example, the regulated direct current voltage from the internal power supply modules 640 can be used to power the controller 650, the relay modules 620, and / or the surge protection module 630.

[0086] The controller 650 is configured to measure or sense each input path 201a / 201b / ... / 201n after the safety module 610 and in signal communication with the relay module 620 and the surge protection module 630 to couple the individual input path 201a / 201b / ... / 201n to the power outlet 602 in a controlled manner. In other words, the controller 650 controls the device 600 to provide the operating power (e.g., operating source current 603 and operating source voltage 604) from one of the power sources 80a / 80b / ... / 80n to the receiving module 700 through the power outlet 602. Only one of the power sources 80a / 80b / ... / 80n can be coupled to the receiving module 700 at any given time. Thus, phase difference problems due to multiple power sources can be avoided. When the controller 650 detects a change in the operating power (e.g., a change in the operating source voltage 604), the controller 650 can control the device 600 to decouple the unstable input path from the power outlet 602 and couple the stable input path to the power outlet 602. The change in the operating power can be caused by a drop / surge / variation in the operating source voltage 604. The change can be caused by a drop in the operating source voltage 604 below a threshold voltage lower limit (e.g., 70 Vac), where the threshold voltage lower limit can correspond to a minimum threshold average power. The change can be caused by a surge in the operating source voltage 604 above a threshold voltage upper limit (e.g., 317 Vac), where the threshold voltage upper limit can correspond to a maximum threshold average power. The change can be caused by a variation in the operating source voltage 604 to a range outside of a threshold voltage band (e.g., 76 to 309 Vac), where the threshold voltage band can correspond to an acceptable variation in average power.

[0087] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the device 600 with only two power sources 80a / 80b. In this embodiment, the device 600 has two input paths 201a / 201b coupled to the respective two power sources 80a / 80b to provide source currents 81a / 81b and source voltages 82a / 82b to an external receiving module through the power outlet 602. Two safety modules 610a / 610b are coupled to the respective two input paths 201a / 201b from the two power inlets 601a / 601b. Each safety module 610a / 610b includes an electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter 611a / 611b, a line fuse 612a / 612b, and a surge arrester 613a / 613b configured to operate in series. The safety modules 610a / 610b protect the device 600 and provide reliable power delivery.

[0088] The EMI filter 611a / 611b is configured to eliminate electromagnetic interference in the input path 201a / 201b by filtering out high-frequency noise signals that can exist in the power supply 80a / 80b. The line fuse 612a / 612b is configured to provide overcurrent protection in the event of a short circuit or overload. For example, when a short circuit occurs, the line fuse 612a / 612b will melt to cut off the current to prevent damage to the device 600. The varistor 613a / 613b is a voltage-dependent resistor that is used to suppress abnormal voltages caused by transient events such as electrostatic discharge (ESD) and lightning surge. For example, when an abnormal voltage surge occurs and exceeds the clamping voltage of the varistor 613a / 613b, the resistance of the varistor will drop significantly, thereby shunting the excess voltage to ground or neutral to protect electronic components from high-voltage damage. The EMI filter 611a / 611b serves as the first line of defense for the safety module 610a / 610b. When the device 600 is powered on, the EMI filter 611a / 611b will block any high-frequency noise or unwanted interference. If an overcurrent situation occurs, the line fuse 612a / 612b will act. If a large current flows through the input path 201a / 201b due to a fault, the line fuse 612a / 612b will melt, thereby disconnecting the power supply 80a / 80b to prevent damage to the device 600 and the receiving module 700. The varistor 613a / 613b is used to protect the device 600 from abnormal voltage surges. Therefore, the EMI filter 611a / 611b, the line fuse 612a / 612b, and the varistor 613a / 613b are configured to work together to form an integrated safety module that enables the device 600 to operate reliably and safely with a lower risk of damage from electromagnetic interference, power supply disturbances, and excessive current.

[0089] The relay modules 620a / 620b are coupled to the respective safety modules 610a / 610b. Each relay module 620a / 620b includes a relay 621a / 621b, such as an automatic transfer switch (ATS) relay. The ATS relay 621a / 621b is configured to connect or disconnect the input path 201a / 201b to / from the power outlet 602 based on a control signal from the controller 650. For example, when the controller 650 detects a failure or instability of the operating power supply of the input path 201a, the controller 650 can generate a control signal to disconnect the input path 201a by deactivating (turning off) the ATS relay 621a, and generate a control signal to connect the input path 201b by activating (turning on) the ATS relay 621b to provide a stable operating power supply to the power outlet 602. Thus, the receiving module 700 can receive a continuous power supply from the power outlet 602. Accordingly, the ATS relay 621a / 621b can automatically switch between the power supply 80a / 80b based on the control signal from the controller 650, such that the receiving module 700 can receive uninterrupted power supply.

[0090] The contact gap of the ATS relay 621a / 621b can be as small as 4 millimeters to provide safe, reliable, and efficient switching operation. The contact gap of a relay refers to the physical distance between two electrical contacts when the relay is in an "open circuit" (de-energized) state. This minimum gap can prevent arcing during circuit switching and provide sufficient isolation and safety between the relay contacts (in the open circuit state) to prevent short circuits or cross-talk between the two power supplies. While a larger contact gap is generally safer and reduces the risk of arcing or short circuits, an excessively large contact gap can increase the size of the relay and be costly or impractical to implement. Furthermore, a larger contact gap can delay the switching time or affect the response speed. In the present disclosure, the minimum contact gap of the ATS relay 621a / 621b is 4 millimeters, which enables the relay to operate efficiently and safely, preventing system malfunctions and electrical hazards.

[0091] The ATS relay 621a / 621b is an electromechanical device that uses an electromagnetic coil to control the movement of one or more sets of contacts. The coil is energized by an applied coil voltage, which creates a magnetic field that causes the relay's contacts to open or close, thereby changing state (from on to off, or vice versa). When a higher coil voltage is applied to the relay, the relay will have a faster response time, shorter operating time (switching time), and higher coil activation efficiency. However, if the voltage exceeds the maximum rated value, it can cause the coil and relay mechanism to overheat or be damaged. In the present disclosure, the coil voltage used by the ATS relay 621a / 621b (i.e., 60 V) is five times the 12-volt rated coil voltage to shorten the contact switching time to approximately 4 to 5 milliseconds. Thus, the device 600 can implement a relatively fast power switching operation.

[0092] The surge protection module 630 is coupled between the relay module 620a / 620b and the power outlet 602. The surge protection module 630 includes a thermistor 631, a transistor 632, and a surge switch 633, which are arranged in parallel or work simultaneously. The thermistor 631 is a positive temperature coefficient resistor (PTC) that increases in resistance as temperature increases. The PTC 631 is used to limit surge current by initially providing low resistance and then gradually increasing resistance as the current causes the element to heat up, thereby providing a self-regulating feature. The transistor 632 can be an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) or a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) used to gradually introduce current through a controlled switching approach. By controlling the surge current, the IGBT / MOSFET helps to reach full operating current smoothly without sudden surges, thereby reducing the risk of component damage. The surge switch 633 is used to control the timing of the power-up process and limit surges, thereby providing a smooth increase in current to the power outlet 602. The surge switch 633 works in conjunction with the PTC 631 and the IGBT / MOSFET 632 to gradually increase current over time rather than allowing a sudden surge to a high value. Through the PTC 631, the IGBT / MOSFET 632, and the surge switch 633, the surge protection module 630 can limit surge current, prevent sensitive components from being damaged, reduce power stress, and allow the device 600 to transition smoothly to normal operation. The surge switch 633 can be controlled by the controller 650 through a control signal from the controller 650. This allows the controller 650 to have real-time control over the device 600, allowing the current to gradually increase in a controlled manner, thereby protecting the device 600 from damage and optimizing its performance. The controller 650 can also dynamically adjust the operation of the surge switch 633 using feedback signals.

[0093] The internal power modules 640a / 640b are coupled between the safety modules 610a / 610b and the relay modules 620a / 620b. Each internal power module 640a / 640b includes a bridge diode rectifier 641a / 641b and an AC / DC flyback converter 642a / 642b. The bridge diode rectifier 641a / 641b includes a plurality of diodes, such as four diodes connected in a bridge configuration, with two AC inputs and one DC output, allowing current to flow in only one direction. The bridge diode rectifier 641a / 641b performs the rectification process by converting the AC input to a DC output (i.e., unregulated DC voltage). The AC / DC flyback converter 642a / 642b receives the unregulated DC voltage from the bridge diode rectifier 641a / 641b and converts it to a regulated, stable DC voltage. Thus, the bridge diode rectifier 641a / 641b and the AC / DC flyback converter 642a / 642b are configured to work in tandem to convert an AC voltage (e.g., 60-320 volt AC voltage) to a DC voltage (e.g., 12 volts) suitable for use in various electronic systems. The flyback converter can be coupled to a buck converter to step down the 12 volt output to a lower voltage, such as 3.3 volts. The flyback converter can also be coupled to a boost converter to step up the 12 volt output to a higher voltage, such as 60 volts. This regulated DC voltage can be used as a backup or standby power source for use internally within the device 600. For example, the DC voltage can be used to power the controller 650, the ATS relays 621a / 621b, and / or the surge switch 633.

[0094] The controller 650 continuously checks the status of each power source 80a / 80b and allows the power source that is providing a normal supply to be coupled to the power outlet 602 to provide operational power to the external receiving module. The controller 650 senses and compares the input AC voltage of each power source 80a / 80b and determines the status of each power source 80a / 80b based on the sampled data, whether it is unavailable, unstable, or has an acceptable voltage level, etc. For example, if the power source 80a (the primary power source) is detected to be faulty or unstable, the controller 650 can generate control signals to open (deactivate) the ATS relay 621a and the surge switch 633 to disconnect the faulty / unstable power source 80a and then close (activate) the ATS relay 621b and the surge switch 633 to connect the stable power source 80b (the backup power source). When the primary power source 80a becomes stable and no longer requires the backup power source 80b, the controller 650 can generate control signals to the ATS relays 621a / 621b and the surge switch 633 to switch back to the primary power source 80a.

[0095] Figure 12 is a logical schematic diagram of the operation of the device 600 according to one example. In this example, the first relay module 620a includes a first ATS relay 621a and the second relay module 620b includes a second ATS relay 621b. The first power source 80a provides a first source voltage 82a and the second power source 80b provides a second source voltage 82b. At time TO, the first power source 80a is coupled to the power outlet 602 to provide the operating source voltage 604 to the receiving module 700. To couple the first power source 80a to the power outlet 602, the first ATS relay 621a and the surge switch 633 are in an on (activated) state. At the same time, the second power source 80b is not coupled to the power outlet 602, and thus it does not provide the operating source voltage 604 to the receiving module 700. The second ATS relay 620b and the IGBT / MOSFET 632 are in an off (deactivated) state at this time.

[0096] At time T1, the first power source 80a fails, causing the operating source voltage 604 (i.e., the first source voltage 82a) to drop below the level of the minimum threshold voltage. Upon detecting the drop in the operating source voltage 604 at time T1, the controller 650 controls the device 600 to turn off (deactivate) the first ATS relay 621a and the surge switch 633 at time T2, and to turn on (activate) the second ATS relay 621b at time T3. There is a first time delay (T12) between T1 and T2 because the controller 650 needs some reaction time to detect the drop in the operating source voltage 604. In this example, the first time delay is typically within 2 milliseconds to 4 milliseconds. In addition, there is a second time delay (T23) between T2 and T3, which is related to the transition period for turning off (deactivating) the first ATS relay 621a and the surge switch 633, and for turning on (activating) the second ATS relay 621b. This transition period allows each ATS relay to complete its contact switching and prevent arcing. In this example, the second time delay or transition period (T23) is within 5 milliseconds to 7 milliseconds. During the transition period, the DC voltage generated by the internal power module 640 can be used to power the controller 650, the relay module 620, and the surge protection module 630. In addition, there will be a third time delay (T34) between T3 and T4 for turning on (activating) the IGBT / MOSFET 632 after turning on (activating) the second ATS relay 621b. In this example, the third time delay (T34) is typically about 1 millisecond. Thus, the total switching time from T1 to T4 is within 8 milliseconds to 12 milliseconds, which is the sum of T12, T23, and T34. Preferably, the total switching time is no more than 10 milliseconds. After turning on (activating) the IGBT / MOSFET 632, the surge switch 633 will be turned on (activated) at time T5. The time delay between T4 and T5 is about 10 milliseconds.

[0097] The device 600 can be configured as a portable standalone unit with two power source inlets 601a / 601b and one power outlet 602. For example, the device 600 can be made in a cuboid shape with dimensions of 140 millimeters (length) x 70 millimeters (width) x 39 millimeters (height). With such a compact form factor, the device 600 can provide a convenient external solution to provide AC power to a receiving module (e.g., a power unit) from one of multiple power sources without requiring any hardware or software modifications. In addition, the device 600 can detect a failure and automatically switch to a stable power source.

[0098] In another aspect, as shown in FIG. 13, a power supply method 800 includes a step 830 of controlling a plurality of relay modules to selectively and uninterruptedly couple a single one of a plurality of input paths to a power outlet to provide an operating power supply from one of a plurality of power sources. The plurality of input paths are respectively coupled to the plurality of power sources. The plurality of relay modules are respectively coupled to the plurality of input paths. The method 800 further includes a step 840 of controlling a surge protection module to couple one of the plurality of input paths to the power outlet while preventing a surge current. The surge protection module is connected between the plurality of relay modules and the power outlet.

[0099] The above-mentioned steps 830 and 840 of controlling can be performed by a controller of an apparatus. The apparatus can include the plurality of input paths, the power outlet, the plurality of relay modules, and the surge protection module. Each relay module includes a relay. The surge protection module includes a thermistor, a transistor, and a surge switch.

[0100] The method 800 further includes a step 850 of, in response to detecting a change in the operating power supply, disconnecting a first one of the plurality of input paths from the power outlet and coupling a second one of the plurality of input paths to the power outlet. The step 850 includes deactivating a first relay in a first relay module and the surge switch, and activating a second relay in a second relay module and the surge switch.

[0101] The method 800 further includes providing a first time delay between detecting the change and deactivating the first relay and the surge switch, providing a second time delay between deactivating the first relay and the surge switch and activating the second relay, providing a third time delay between activating the second relay and activating the transistor of the surge protection module, and providing a total switching time defined by a sum of the first time delay, the second time delay, and the third time delay. The total switching time is within 8 milliseconds to 12 milliseconds, wherein the first time delay is within 2 milliseconds to 4 milliseconds, the second time delay is within 5 milliseconds to 7 milliseconds, and the third time delay is about 1 millisecond.

[0102] The method 800 can further include a step 810 of filtering each of the plurality of input paths to eliminate electromagnetic interference and prevent overcurrent and voltage surges. The step 810 of filtering can be performed before the steps 830, 840, and 850 to avoid damage to sensitive electronic components and external receiving modules that can be caused by the electromagnetic interference, overcurrent, and voltage surges. The step 810 of filtering can be performed by a plurality of safety modules of the apparatus connected between the plurality of power sources and the plurality of relay modules. Each safety module includes an electromagnetic interference filter, a line fuse, and a voltage-dependent resistor.

[0103] Method 800 may also include, after filtering step 810, step 820 of converting the AC voltage from each input path into a regulated DC voltage. The regulated DC voltage can be used as a backup or standby power source for internal purposes, such as powering a controller, relay module, and / or surge protection module. Step 820 may be performed by multiple internal power modules within the device. Each internal power module includes a bridge diode rectifier and an AC / DC flyback converter.

[0104] According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, Figure 14 As shown, a processing system 1800 may be provided within the controller 410 to perform digital signal processing functions or calculations according to embodiments of the present disclosure, or any other modules or subsystems shown. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the exact configuration of each processing system provided within these modules may be different, and the exact configuration of the processing system 1800 may vary, and Figure 14 The arrangement shown in can be varied. Figure 14 It is provided by way of example only.

[0105] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the processing system 1800 may include a controller 1801 and a user interface 1802. The user interface 1802 is arranged to enable manual interaction between a user and the computing modules as needed, and for this purpose includes input / output components required by the user to input instructions to provide updates to each module. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the components of the user interface 1802 may vary depending on the embodiment, but will typically include one or more of a display 1840, a keyboard 1835, and an optical device 1836.

[0106] Controller 1801 communicates with user interface 1802 via bus 1815 and includes a memory 1820 mounted on a circuit board; a processing unit, processing element, or processor 1805, which processes instructions and data for executing the method of this embodiment; an operating system 1806; an input / output (I / O) interface 1830 for communicating with user interface 1802 and a communication interface, which in this embodiment takes the form of a network interface card 1850. Network interface card 1850 can be used, for example, to connect to other processing devices via a wired or wireless network or to receive data via a wired or wireless network. Network interfaces that network interface card 1850 can utilize include, but are not limited to, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth, near-field communication (NFC), cellular networks, satellite networks, telecommunications networks, wide area networks (WANs), and the like.

[0107] Memory 1820 and operating system 1806 are in data communication with processor 1805 via bus 1810. The memory components include both volatile and nonvolatile memory and one more of each type of memory, including random access memory (RAM) 1823, read only memory (ROM) 1825, and mass storage 1845, the last including one or more solid state drives (SSDs). Those skilled in the art will recognize that the memory components include non-transitory computer readable media and should be considered to include all computer readable media except for transitory propagating signals. Typically, instructions are stored in memory components as program code, but can also be hardwired. Memory 1820 can include a kernel and / or programming modules, such as software applications that can be stored in volatile or non-volatile memory.

[0108] Herein, the term "processor" is used generically to refer to any device or component that can process such instructions and can include a microprocessor, a processing unit, multiple processing elements, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, or any other type of processing device. That is, processor 1805 can be provided by any suitable logic circuitry for receiving input, processing them according to instructions stored in memory, and generating output (e.g., to a memory component or on a display 1840). In this embodiment, processor 1805 can be a single core or multi-core processor with memory addressable space. In one example, processor 1805 can be multi-core, including, for example, an 8-core CPU. In another example, it can be a cluster of CPU cores running in parallel to speed up computation.

[0109] All examples described herein, whether in the form of apparatus, methods, materials, or products, are presented for the purpose of illustration and to help understand the principles of the claimed invention, and are not intended to limit or exhaust the scope of the claimed invention. Modifications can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A device for powering a device, characterized in that, include: a plurality of input paths and power output ports, each of the plurality of input paths being coupled to a corresponding power source of the plurality of power sources; a plurality of relay modules coupled to corresponding paths among the plurality of input paths, the plurality of relay modules being configured to couple one of the plurality of input paths to the power outlet, each of the plurality of relay modules comprising a relay; and a controller in signal communication with the plurality of relay modules, the controller being configured to control a relay of one of the plurality of relay modules to selectively couple a single input path of the plurality of input paths to the power outlet, thereby providing an operating power current from one of the plurality of power sources.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: A surge protection module is coupled between the multiple relay modules and the power output port. The surge protection module can be controlled by the controller to couple one of the multiple input paths to the power output port to prevent surge current. The surge protection module includes a thermistor, a transistor and a surge switch.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising: Multiple safety modules are coupled between the multiple power supplies and the multiple relay modules, each of the multiple safety modules includes an electromagnetic interference filter, a line fuse and a varistor, and the electromagnetic interference filter, line fuse and varistor are configured to eliminate electromagnetic interference, prevent overcurrent and prevent voltage surge.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising: A plurality of internal power modules are coupled between the plurality of safety modules and the plurality of relay modules, each of the plurality of internal power modules comprising a bridge diode rectifier and a flyback converter to convert an AC voltage into a regulated DC voltage.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the regulated DC voltage is used to power the controller, the relay, and the surge switch.

6. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that The controller is configured to disconnect a first input path among the multiple input paths from the power outlet by turning off a first relay of a first relay module among the multiple relay modules and the surge switch in response to detecting a change in the working power supply voltage, and couple a second input path among the multiple input paths to the power outlet by turning on a second relay of a second relay module among the multiple relay modules and the surge switch. 7 . The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the change corresponds to a voltage of a first input path of the plurality of input paths dropping below a lower voltage threshold. 8 . The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the change corresponds to a voltage of the first path of the plurality of input paths suddenly rising above an upper voltage threshold. 9 . The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the change corresponds to a voltage of the first input path of the plurality of input paths fluctuating outside a threshold voltage band.

10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the controller is configured to provide a first time delay between detecting the change and disconnecting the first relay and the surge switch.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to provide a second time delay between opening the first relay and the surge switch and closing the second relay.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to provide a third time delay between turning on the second relay and turning on the transistor.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the controller is configured to provide a total switching time, the total switching time being defined by the sum of the first delay, the second delay, and the third delay, wherein the total switching time is within a range of 8 milliseconds to 12 milliseconds, and the second delay is within a range of 5 milliseconds to 7 milliseconds.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the relay has a contact gap of 4 mm.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the relay is configured to achieve a contact switching time of 4 to 5 milliseconds at a voltage of 5 times the nominal coil voltage of 12 volts.

16. A power supply method, comprising: controlling the plurality of relay modules to selectively couple a single input path of the plurality of input paths to a power outlet to provide an operating power current from one of the plurality of power sources, The plurality of relay modules are coupled to corresponding paths among the plurality of input paths, and the plurality of input paths are coupled to corresponding one of the plurality of power sources.

17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: controlling a surge protection module to couple one of the plurality of input paths to the power output port to prevent surge current; The surge protection module is coupled between the plurality of relay modules and the power output port.

18. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: Each of the plurality of input paths is filtered to eliminate electromagnetic interference, prevent overcurrent, and prevent voltage surge.

19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising: After filtering the multiple input paths, the AC voltage of each input path in the multiple input paths is converted into a regulated DC voltage.

20. The method of claim 17, further comprising: In response to detecting a change in the operating power supply voltage, a first input path of the plurality of input paths is disconnected from the power outlet, and a second input path of the plurality of input paths is coupled to the power outlet.

21. The method according to claim 20, further comprising: Disconnecting a first relay of a first relay module among the plurality of relay modules and a surge switch of the surge protection module; as well as The second relay of the th relay module among the plurality of relay modules and the surge switch are turned on.

22. The method according to claim 21, further comprising: A first time delay is provided between detecting the change and disconnecting the first relay and the surge switch.

23. The method according to claim 22, further comprising: A second time delay is provided between opening the first relay and the surge switch and closing the second relay.

24. The method according to claim 23, further comprising: A third time delay is provided between turning on the second relay and turning on the transistor.

25. The method according to claim 24, further comprising: A total switching time is provided, where the total switching time is defined by the sum of the first delay, the second delay, and the third delay, wherein the total switching time is within a range of 8 milliseconds to 12 milliseconds, and the second delay is within a range of 5 milliseconds to 7 milliseconds.

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