Fuel cell and thermal management system

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell and a thermal management system. The fuel cell comprises a reactor; the heater is used for providing heat for the reactor; the storage battery is used for supplying power to the heater; the proton exchange membrane temperature detection device is used for detecting the temperature of the proton exchange membrane in the reactor; the galvanometer is used for detecting the output current of the reactor; wherein when the temperature of the proton exchange membrane is lower than the reaction temperature, the reactor is heated by the heater until the temperature of the proton exchange membrane reaches the reaction temperature, the reactor is started, and the output current of the reactor is detected. The fuel cell adopts a dual verification mechanism of the proton exchange membrane temperature detection device and the galvanometer, so that the cold start reliability of the fuel cell is improved; furthermore, the fuel cell and the fuel cell thermal management system also have multiple energy recovery modes, waste heat, waste gas and water heating of the multifunctional cabin can be recycled, the energy utilization rate is optimized, and the overall thermal efficiency is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and more particularly to a fuel cell and a thermal management system. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the highland and alpine regions of China's western region, traditional energy supply is difficult and the ecological environment of such regions is also relatively fragile. If a large amount of fossil fuel is burned to obtain energy supply, the low oxygen environment will lead to insufficient combustion, thereby generating a large amount of pollution gas, which will seriously affect the surrounding ecology and the overall environment. With the development of science and technology, using a hydrogen energy multifunctional cabin with a fuel cell as an energy supply becomes a feasible solution in such special areas.

[0003] However, the low-temperature environment seriously affects the starting and running efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell. The existing low-temperature cold start technology of the fuel cell is mostly designed for conventional environments, and it is difficult to adapt to the long-term low-temperature working conditions in the alpine region, and it is difficult to meet the demand of the multifunctional cabin for stable and efficient energy supply. Moreover, the traditional scheme usually regards the fuel cell and the multifunctional cabin as independent systems, and only maintains the operation through simple heat exchange or electric heating assistance, resulting in low energy utilization rate and insufficient reliability. In addition, the existing multifunctional cabin has poor integration of energy equipment and poor coupling with the heat preservation structure, and the equipment installation is complex and easy to damage the thermal insulation layer, which aggravates heat loss. The alpine multifunctional cabin needs to consider energy supply and thermal management at the same time to adapt to the cold external environment.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a fuel cell with integrated low-temperature cold start design, which can not only ensure the rapid start of the fuel cell in the alpine environment, but also optimize the thermal management, and fully utilize the redundant resources in the multifunctional cabin to improve the overall efficiency. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a fuel cell and a thermal management system, which aims to make the fuel cell have cold start capability and optimize the thermal management, so that it can be applied to alpine regions.

[0006] According to an aspect of the present application, a fuel cell is provided, comprising: a reactor; a heater for providing heat for the reactor; a battery for powering the heater; a proton exchange membrane temperature detection device for detecting the temperature of the proton exchange membrane in the reactor; and a current meter for detecting the output current of the reactor; wherein when the temperature of the proton exchange membrane is lower than the reaction temperature, the reactor is heated by the heater until the temperature of the proton exchange membrane reaches the reaction temperature, the reactor is started and the output current of the reactor is detected, and when the temperature of the proton exchange membrane is not less than the reaction temperature and the output current matches the rated current, the reactor is successfully started.

[0007] The fuel cell further comprises an air extractor for extracting water vapor from the surface of the reactor; and a drying box connected to the air extractor through a pipeline for removing water vapor.

[0008] Optionally, the fuel cell further comprises at least one of a generator, a photovoltaic power generation device, and a wind power generation device for charging the storage battery.

[0009] Optionally, the fuel cell further comprises a water pump and a water heating circulation pipeline connected to the reactor through the water pump, and the heater heats at least part of the water heating circulation pipeline to achieve water heating circulation heating of the reactor.

[0010] Optionally, the fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the fuel of the reactor comprises hydrogen, and the reaction temperature is 0°C.

[0011] Optionally, the fuel cell further comprises a temperature detection controller for detecting the temperature of the reactor and the outside environment and determining whether the current power of the storage battery is sufficient to support the start of the reactor.

[0012] Optionally, when the current power of the storage battery is insufficient to support the start of the reactor, at least one of the generator, the photovoltaic power generation device, and the wind power generation device is started to charge the storage battery until the current power of the storage battery is sufficient to support the start of the reactor, the temperature detection controller controls the heater to heat the reactor until the temperature of the proton exchange membrane reaches the reaction temperature, and the reactor starts.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present application, a fuel cell thermal management system is provided, comprising: a multifunctional cabin; the fuel cell described above for powering the multifunctional cabin and managing thermal energy; wherein the fuel cell further has a heat exchange device for recovering waste heat of the multifunctional cabin for cold start of the reactor of the fuel cell.

[0014] Optionally, the multifunctional cabin uses water heating, and a water heating system of the multifunctional cabin exchanges heat with a water heating circulation pipeline of the reactor through the heat exchange device.

[0015] The fuel cell thermal management system described above, the fuel cell comprises a turbine power generation device, and exhaust gas emission of the multifunctional cabin is coupled with the turbine power generation device, so that the exhaust gas emission of the multifunctional cabin can charge the storage battery through the turbine power generation device.

[0016] The fuel cell and the fuel cell thermal management system provided by the embodiment of the present application can realize low-temperature cold start, the fuel cell adopts a double verification mechanism of a proton exchange membrane temperature detection device and a current meter, and when the proton exchange membrane temperature is greater than or equal to 0 DEG C and the output current reaches a rated current value, it is determined that the start is successful, and the design can significantly improve the reliability of the cold start of the fuel cell; further, the fuel cell and the fuel cell thermal management system have multiple energy recovery modes, and can recover and utilize the waste heat, exhaust gas and water heating of the multifunctional cabin, optimize the energy utilization rate, and significantly improve the overall thermal efficiency of the system through multiple energy recovery systems and energy conversion (turbine power generation device, heat exchange device).

[0017] The fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the present application can realize the start of the reactor in a low-temperature environment through a storage battery and a heater, further, has an energy redundancy design, can charge the storage battery by using photovoltaic and wind power, fully utilizes the environmental characteristics of the plateau cold region, and can obtain various types of energy to guarantee the energy required for the cold start of the reactor. Further, the fuel cell adopts an integrated architecture, highly integrates the reactor of the fuel cell and its supporting devices, so that the fuel cell can be integrated in a similar electrical cabinet size, significantly reduces the installation and debugging time, and is particularly suitable for limited scenes such as mobile, short-term temporary multifunctional cabins. The fuel cell and the fuel cell thermal management system provided by the present application not only fully utilize the redundant energy of the multifunctional cabin and the abundant light energy and wind energy on the plateau, significantly reduce the cost of the low-temperature cold start of the reactor, reduce the emission of pollutant exhaust gas, not only improve the overall energy efficiency and economy, but also reduce the impact on the local environment, and protect the fragile ecology of the plateau cold region. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the fuel cell thermal management system of the embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0020] Figure 2 An explosion schematic diagram of the fuel cell of the embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0021] Figure 3 A front view schematic diagram of the fuel cell of the embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0022] Figure 4 A rear view schematic diagram of the fuel cell of the embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0023] Figure 5 A left view schematic diagram of the fuel cell of the embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0024] Figure 6A right side schematic view of a fuel cell showing an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Figure 7 A top view schematic view of a fuel cell showing an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present application will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. For the purpose of understanding the present application, the present application will be described in more detail by referring to the attached drawings. The preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings. However, the present application can be embodied in various forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, the embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of the present application will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the application to those skilled in the art.

[0027] In this specification, the reference to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" or "in some embodiments" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, although it can. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and the like are meant to be interpreted open-ended when used in the description and / or claims unless otherwise noted. That is, these terms are meant not to exclude the presence of one or more additional elements but to "include," "have," or "comprise" the elements listed.

[0028] In the description of the present application, the word "exemplary" or "for example" is used to mean "an example of" or "an example, only. Any implementation described herein as "exemplary" or "for example" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations. The term "and / or" as used in the application refers to three possible relationships: A and / or B means that there can be only A, only B, or both A and B. The term "connected" as used in the application refers to a connection between two or more objects, whether direct or indirect. The term "multiple" as used in the application refers to two or more. In addition, in order to clearly describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish the functions and effects of the same or similar items. Those skilled in the art can understand that the terms "first", "second", etc. do not limit the quantity and execution order, and the terms "first", "second", etc. also do not necessarily mean different.

[0029] In addition, the same reference numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements, and thus repetitive descriptions thereof will be omitted, i.e., the description of each part is described in a combination of parallel and progressive manners, each part focusing on the difference from other parts, and the same or similar parts between the parts are referred to each other. The words expressing position and direction described in the present application are described with reference to the drawings, but can be changed as needed, and the changes are included in the scope of the present application. The drawings of the present application are only for illustrating the relative positional relationship and do not represent the true scale.

[0030] In the present application, many specific details of the present application are described, such as the specific structure, size, connection relationship and technology of the module, so as to more clearly understand the present application. But as the skilled in the art can understand, the present application can be implemented without these specific details.

[0031] The present application can be presented in various forms, some examples of which will be described below.

[0032] Figure 1A schematic diagram of a fuel cell thermal management system is shown, which can be applied to high-cold plateau area for example. The fuel cell thermal management system comprises a fuel cell and a multifunctional cabin, the water heating, exhaust gas and waste heat of the multifunctional cabin can be utilized by the fuel cell to improve the utilization rate. The fuel cell in the fuel cell thermal management system comprises a reactor 16, a proton exchange membrane temperature detection device 13, a current meter 19, an air extractor 2, a drying box 4, a heater 5 and a storage battery 12. The reactor 16 is a hydrogen reactor for example, which comprises a proton exchange membrane and uses hydrogen as fuel and oxygen as oxidant to convert the chemical energy of fuel and oxidant into electric energy for power supply, while generating water and a small amount of heat. For high-cold plateau area, the reactor 16 needs to have the ability of low-temperature cold start due to the generally low ambient temperature. The storage battery 12 is connected to the heater 5, which can heat the reactor 16 to a temperature at which the reactor 16 can react. Specifically, the heater 5 comprises a PTC heating element and a high-pressure water pump for example, and the reactor 16 further comprises a circulating water circuit. The PTC heating element and the high-pressure water pump of the heater 5 are connected to the circulating water circuit of the reactor 16, which can heat the reactor 16 by water heating, not only to avoid the freezing of the reactor surface affecting the use, but also to promote the reaction of fuel and oxidant in the reactor within a certain temperature range. The proton exchange membrane temperature detection device 13 is used to detect the temperature of the proton exchange membrane in the reactor 16. Specifically, when the proton exchange membrane temperature detection device 13 detects that the temperature T of the proton exchange membrane is ≥0℃, i.e. the proton exchange membrane in the reactor 16 reaches a temperature at which it can react, the reactor 16 is started, hydrogen and oxygen start to react, and the output current of the reactor 16 is detected by the current meter 19. If the output current matches the rated current, it indicates that the reactor is started successfully. The reactor 16 is also connected to the drying box 4 through the air extractor 2. When the reactor 16 is cold started, the surface temperature of the reactor 16 changes sharply to produce water droplets, which will affect the operation of the reactor. The water droplets and water vapor on the surface of the reactor 16 are sucked into the drying box 4 by the air extractor 2 to avoid such effects.

[0033] Further, the fuel cell further comprises a temperature detection controller 11, a photovoltaic power generation device 6, a wind power generation device 9 and a turbine power generation device 1. The temperature detection controller 11 is connected to the reactor 16, the storage battery 12 and the heater 5 for example, and the photovoltaic power generation device 6, the wind power generation device 9 and the turbine power generation device 1 are connected to the storage battery 12 respectively.

[0034] The temperature detection controller 11 can detect the temperature of the reactor 16, the outside and the current power of the battery 12. If the current power of the battery 12 can support the cold start of the reactor 16, the battery 12 is directly controlled to perform energy conversion, the reactor 16 is heated by the heater 5, the proton exchange membrane temperature detection device 13 detects that the temperature of the proton exchange membrane reaches a temperature at which the reaction can be performed, and at this time, the reactor 16 is started; if the current power of the battery 12 is insufficient, at least one of the photovoltaic power generation device 6, the wind power generation device 9 and the turbine power generation device 1 is opened to charge the battery 12, and after the power of the battery 12 reaches the requirement, the heater 5 is controlled to heat the reactor 16, and after the temperature of the proton exchange membrane reaches a temperature at which the reaction can be performed, the reactor 16 is started.

[0035] The photovoltaic power generation device 6, for example, includes a solar panel, the wind power generation device 9, for example, includes a wind turbine generator set, the fuel cell further includes a heat exchange device 14, the fuel cell is used to supply power to a multifunctional cabin, for example, the multifunctional cabin uses water heating for heating, and the multifunctional cabin also generates exhaust gas and waste heat, the exhaust gas generated by the multifunctional cabin can drive the turbine power generation device 1 to operate and charge the battery 12; the heat exchange device 14 is also connected with the water heating of the multifunctional cabin and can collect the waste heat generated by the multifunctional cabin, of course, the heat exchange device 14 is also connected with the reactor 16 through the temperature detection controller 11, and the water heating and the waste heat of the multifunctional cabin can be collected and processed by the heat exchange device 14 and then provided to the reactor 16 by the temperature detection controller 11 to heat the cold start of the reactor 16.

[0036] Specifically, the cold start of the reactor 16 of the fuel cell in the fuel cell thermal management system includes the following two cases:

[0037] When the multifunctional cabin and the reactor 16 are used for the first time or are not used for a long time; the temperature detection controller 11 is started using the battery 12, and if the current power of the battery 12 can support the cold start of the reactor 16, the reactor 16 is directly started by the heater 5 to perform energy conversion, if the current power of the battery 12 is insufficient, the photovoltaic power generation device 6 and the wind power generation device 9 are opened to charge the battery 12, and after the power of the battery 12 reaches the requirement, the temperature detection controller 11 is used to start the reactor 16.

[0038] When the multifunctional cabin has been used for a short time or needs to start the reactor 16 at low temperature during use; the waste heat of the multifunctional cabin is collected and after the heat exchange device 14, the heat is counted by the temperature detection controller 11, the water heating circuit of the multifunctional cabin is collected and counted by the temperature detection controller 11 after the heat exchange device 14, if the heat counted by the heat exchange device 14 meets the requirement of the cold start of the reactor 16, the heat provided by the heat exchange device 14 is directly used to start the reactor 16 at low temperature, if the heat counted does not meet the requirement of the cold start of the reactor 16, the heater 5 is started, and the remaining heat is supplemented by the battery 12 through the heater 5 to start the reactor 16.

[0039] When the proton exchange membrane temperature detection device 13 detects that the temperature of the proton exchange membrane in the reactor 16 is ≥0℃, the reactor 16 is started to start hydrogen energy combustion, and the output current is counted by the ammeter 19 connected with the reactor 16, if the output current reaches the rated current of the reactor 16, it indicates that the reactor 16 is successfully started; if the temperature of the proton exchange membrane is ≥0℃, but the output current is less than the rated current, it indicates that there may be a fault in the internal structure of the reactor 16; if the temperature of the proton exchange membrane is always at a low level below 0℃, it indicates that the heat providing part (heat exchange device 14, heater 5) of the reactor 16 may have a fault, and the relevant personnel can preliminarily investigate the fault reason of the reactor 16 according to the data of the ammeter 19 and the proton exchange membrane temperature detection device 13.

[0040] Of course, the fuel cell thermal management system can be applied to high-altitude cold regions, for example, in order to avoid the influence of water freezing into ice in a low temperature environment, the liquid used in the water heating in the system can be similar to the automobile cooling liquid, for example, the liquid after mixing water and ethylene glycol is used as the liquid in the water heating.

[0041] Figure 2 An explosion schematic diagram of a fuel cell of an embodiment of the application is shown; the fuel cell comprises a reactor 16 and a thermal management system matched with the reactor 16, the thermal management system comprises: a generator 1-1, a turbine 1-2, an air extractor 2, a water heating pipeline 3, a drying box 4, a heater 5, a photovoltaic power generation device 6, a wire arrangement box 7, a power supply line 8, a wind power generation device 9, a power switch 10, a temperature detection controller 11, a battery 12, a proton exchange membrane detection device 13, a heat exchanger 14, a water pump 15, a valve 17, a pipeline 18 and an ammeter 19. Among them, the generator 1-1 and the turbine 1-2 form a turbine power generation device 1 in the Figure 1 The turbine 1-2 can be driven by the exhaust gas discharged from the multifunctional cabin to drive the generator 1-1 to generate electricity. Further, the generator 1-1 can also be driven by fuel, and in an emergency, fuel power generation can be temporarily used to supply power to the battery 12, and after the reactor 16 is started, it is closed to reduce pollution to the environment. From Figure 2As can be seen from the diagram, the fuel cell reactor 16 and its associated thermal management system are highly integrated, with the overall external profile of the fuel cell resembling a quadrangular prism similar to an electrical cabinet. The following diagrams illustrate the positions and connections of the various components of the fuel cell from various perspectives.

[0042] Figure 3 A schematic front view of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 3 As shown, reactor 16 is located, for example, in the lower left corner. A proton exchange membrane detection device 13 is located behind reactor 16, which uses proton exchange membrane detection device 13 to detect the temperature of the proton exchange membrane in reactor 16. A heater 5 is located above reactor 16, connected to reactor 16 via a water pump 15, enabling heater 5 to heat reactor 16, for example, using a water heater, with water pump 15 driving liquid circulation. Reactor 16 is also connected to an exhaust fan 2 located in the lower right corner. Exhaust fan 2 draws water droplets and vapor from the surface of reactor 16 and transports them to drying box 4 via pipe 18 to prevent rapid temperature fluctuations on the surface of reactor 16 from generating water droplets, which could affect the stable operation of reactor 16. Exhaust fan 2 is located, for example, in the lower right corner. Above it is pipe 18 and a valve 17 that controls the flow of pipe 18. Drying box 4 is located in the upper right corner, connected to exhaust fan 2 via pipe 18. The multifunctional cabin's water heating system is connected to the heater 5 from its left side via a water heating pipe 3. A photovoltaic power generation device 6 and a wind power generation device 9 are also located above the heater 5. The photovoltaic power generation device 6 is, for example, a solar panel, and the wind power generation device 9 is, for example, a wind turbine. Of course, in order to reduce the overall system volume, the illustrated embodiment utilizes miniaturized solar panels and wind turbines. If conditions permit, a larger solar panel can be installed on the roof of the multifunctional cabin, and a larger wind turbine can be installed externally. An extended ammeter 19 is located to the left of the reactor 16 to detect the reactor's output current and to supply power to the multifunctional cabin via a power supply line 8.

[0043] Figure 4 A rear view schematic diagram of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 4As shown, generator 1-1 and turbine 1-2 are both located in the lower left corner, proton exchange membrane detection device 13 is located in the lower right corner, and exhaust fan 2 is located behind generator 1-1 and proton exchange membrane detection device 13. Reactor 16 is also located behind proton exchange membrane detection device 13. Battery 12 is located on proton exchange membrane detection device 13 and is connected to photovoltaic generator 6 and wind turbine 9 via power supply lines 8 and two power switches 10. Furthermore, a cable management box 7 is located on the top of battery 12 to store and organize the power supply lines 8. Reactor 16 is also equipped with a heat exchanger 14, which is connected to water heating pipe 3. Water heating pipe 3 is also equipped with a valve 17 to control whether water heating pipe 3 is connected to the water heating system in the multi-purpose cabin.

[0044] Figure 5 A left side schematic diagram of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 5 As shown, this view is connected to a multifunctional cabin, for example, with reactor 16 located in the lower right corner, proton exchange membrane detection device 13 located in the lower left corner, an exhaust fan 2 positioned behind reactor 16, and battery 12 positioned above proton exchange membrane detection device 13. A temperature detection controller 11, for example, is positioned to the right of battery 12. The output of reactor 16 extends from near its upper right corner and, after passing through ammeter 19, serves as output power. Heater 5 is positioned above reactor 16 and is connected to reactor 16 via water pump 15. Of course, pipelines for supplying reactants to reactor 16 and discharging reactants and reaction products are also positioned above reactor 16. These pipelines are also equipped with valves 17. Furthermore, each of these valves 17 can be, for example, a solenoid valve controlled by temperature detection controller 11.

[0045] Figure 6 A right side schematic diagram of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 6 As shown, the generator 1-1 is located in the lower right corner, the turbine 1-2 is cylindrical and extends from the right side of the generator 1-1, the exhaust fan 2 is located in the lower left corner, and the exhaust fan 2 is connected to the drying box 4 in the upper left corner through the pipe 18 above it. The photovoltaic power generation device 6, the wire management box 7 and other related structures in the upper right corner area have been described in the above drawings and will not be repeated here.

[0046] Figure 7 A schematic top view of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 7As can be seen, the overall top view profile of the fuel cell is approximately rectangular, has high integration, is convenient to set and install, the fuel cell can not only ensure quick cold start in extremely cold environment, but also can fully utilize the resources in the multifunctional cabin to optimize heat management. Due to the relatively regular profile, the fuel cell can be conveniently set in the multifunctional cabin to supply power for the multifunctional cabin, avoids the specific modification of the multifunctional cabin required for setting the fuel cell, and avoids damage to the heat preservation performance of the multifunctional cabin.

[0047] The fuel cell and the fuel cell thermal management system provided by the embodiments of the present application can realize low-temperature cold start, the fuel cell adopts a double verification mechanism of a proton exchange membrane temperature detection device and a current meter, and when the proton exchange membrane temperature is greater than or equal to 0 DEG C and the output current reaches a rated current value, it is determined that the start is successful, which can significantly improve the reliability of cold start of the fuel cell; further, the fuel cell and the fuel cell thermal management system have multiple energy recovery modes, can recover and utilize waste heat, exhaust gas and water heating of the multifunctional cabin, optimize energy utilization rate, and through multiple energy recovery systems and energy conversion (turbine power generation device, heat exchange device), the overall thermal efficiency of the system is significantly improved.

[0048] The fuel cell provided by the embodiments of the present application can realize the start of the reactor in a low-temperature environment through a storage battery and a heater, further has an energy redundancy design, can charge the storage battery by using photovoltaic and wind power, fully utilizes the environmental characteristics of the plateau cold region, and can obtain various types of energy to guarantee the energy required for cold start of the reactor. Further, the fuel cell adopts an integrated architecture, highly integrates the reactor of the fuel cell and its supporting devices, so that the fuel cell can be integrated in a similar electrical cabinet size, significantly reduces installation and debugging time, and is particularly suitable for limited scenes such as mobile, short-term temporary multifunctional cabins. The fuel cell and the fuel cell thermal management system provided by the present application not only fully utilize the redundant energy of the multifunctional cabin and the abundant light energy and wind energy on the plateau, but also significantly reduce the cost of low-temperature cold start of the reactor, reduce the emission of pollutant exhaust gas, not only improve the overall energy efficiency and economy, but also reduce the impact on the local environment, and protect the fragile ecology of the plateau cold region.

[0049] According to the embodiments of the present application as described above, these embodiments do not describe all the details, and the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments. Obviously, according to the above description, many modifications and changes can be made. The embodiments are selected and specifically described in the specification in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present application, so that those skilled in the art can well utilize the present application and make modifications based on the present application. The protection scope of the present application should be subject to the scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A fuel cell, characterized in that: include: reactor; a heater for providing heat to the reactor; a battery for supplying power to the heater; a proton exchange membrane temperature detection device, used to detect the temperature of the proton exchange membrane in the reactor; an ammeter for detecting an output current of the reactor; When the temperature of the proton exchange membrane is lower than the reaction temperature, the heater heats the reactor until the temperature of the proton exchange membrane reaches the reaction temperature. The reactor is started and the output current of the reactor is detected. When the temperature of the proton exchange membrane is not lower than the reaction temperature and the output current matches the rated current, the reactor is successfully started.

2. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein Also includes: an exhaust fan, used for extracting water vapor from the surface of the reactor; The drying box is connected to the exhaust fan through a pipeline and is used to remove water vapor.

3. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein Also includes: At least one of a generator, a photovoltaic power generation device and a wind power generation device is used to charge the battery.

4. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein It also includes a water pump and a water heating circulation pipeline. The water heating circulation pipeline is connected to the reactor through the water pump. The heater heats at least part of the water heating circulation pipeline to achieve water heating circulation heating for the reactor.

5. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein The fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the fuel of the reactor includes hydrogen, and the reaction temperature is 0°C.

6. The fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein It also includes a temperature detection controller, which is used to detect the reactor and external temperature and determine whether the current power of the battery is sufficient to support the start-up of the reactor.

7. The fuel cell according to claim 6, characterized in that When the current power of the battery is insufficient to support the start-up of the reactor, at least one of the generator, the photovoltaic power generation device and the wind power generation device is turned on to charge the battery until the current power of the battery is sufficient to support the start-up of the reactor. The temperature detection controller controls the heater to heat the reactor until the temperature of the proton exchange membrane reaches the reaction temperature and the reactor is started.

8. A fuel cell thermal management system, characterized in that: include: Multifunctional cabin; A fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7, used to power the multifunctional cabin and manage thermal energy; The fuel cell further comprises a heat exchange device, which is used to recover waste heat from the multifunctional cabin for use in cold starting of the fuel cell reactor.

9. The fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The multifunctional cabin adopts water heating for heating, and the water heating system of the multifunctional cabin exchanges heat with the water heating circulation pipeline of the reactor through the heat exchange device.

10. The fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fuel cell includes a turbine generator, and the exhaust gas emission of the multifunctional cabin is coupled to the turbine generator, so that the exhaust gas emission of the multifunctional cabin can charge the battery through the turbine generator.

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