A digital electric energy meter on-line monitoring system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of digital electric energy meter online monitoring system and method, specifically related to electric power monitoring field, the system includes digital electric energy meter, mobile communication system module, microcontroller, current transformer, relay circuit, LCD display screen and graphical user interface;The digital electric energy meter is used to measure and record electric energy consumption;The mobile communication system module is used to realize the two-way wireless communication between system and power supplier;The microcontroller is used for data acquisition, processing, instruction execution and communication management;The current transformer is used to detect electric power theft and power consumption monitoring;The relay circuit is used to control the switch of power supply;The LCD display screen displays voltage, current, power consumption unit and billing information in real time;The graphical user interface is used for remote monitoring and management digital electric energy meter.The application optimizes power distribution and consumption management through low-cost, high-efficiency solution, and takes into account safety, convenience and economy.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power monitoring, more particularly, the present application relates to a digital electric energy meter online monitoring system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of social economy and the continuous growth of power demand, as an important tool for power measurement and cost settlement, the monitoring and management function of electric energy meter is increasingly prominent. However, the traditional electric energy meter system is mostly designed mechanically or semi-automatically, relying on manual meter reading and wired data transmission, which is not only inefficient, but also difficult to realize real-time monitoring. In addition, there is a widespread problem of electricity theft. Users often avoid metering by rewiring, short-circuiting or tampering with the line, which brings serious economic losses to power supply enterprises and also poses a safety hazard.

[0003] In recent years, power companies have launched a special campaign against electricity theft and have tried to introduce intelligent means. The existing public patent (electricity theft detection system, CN117110702A) proposes a scheme of installing electric energy data acquisition devices and electric energy data receivers on the primary side and the secondary side of the power user transformer respectively, comparing the electric energy data on the primary side and the secondary side to determine whether the user has electricity theft behavior; At the same time, it also combines with the detection module to identify external electromagnetic field, alternating magnetic field and other interference information, and triggers sound and light alarm or sends alarm information to the host computer when an anomaly is found, so as to prompt possible electricity theft. This kind of system improves the anti-theft ability to some extent, but it mainly relies on fixed detection parameters and threshold values. When the user's electricity fluctuates greatly at different time periods and under different load conditions, if the threshold value is set too strictly, false positives or frequent power outages may occur; if the threshold value is set too wide, it may miss the report, resulting in failure to discover electricity theft in time.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a digital electric energy meter online monitoring system and method that can improve the adaptive identification ability of normal electricity fluctuation while ensuring the anti-theft ability, effectively distinguishing between normal fluctuation and abnormal electricity theft behavior. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present application provides a digital electric energy meter online monitoring system, which realizes bidirectional wireless communication by using a mobile communication system module, eliminates the need for manual meter reading, and reduces operating costs. Current transformers are installed on the phase line and neutral line of the digital electric energy meter to measure the current in and out of the digital electric energy meter. The microcontroller records and constructs the time series curve of the difference between the phase current and the neutral current in the past 24 hours in real time, and dynamically generates and periodically updates the judgment standard for the current difference value according to the dynamic threshold adaptive adjustment mechanism, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical solutions.

[0007] A digital electric energy meter online monitoring system, comprising a digital electric energy meter, a relay circuit, a microcontroller, an LCD display screen, a mobile communication system module and two current transformers, the mobile communication system module is used for realizing the bidirectional wireless communication between the system and the power supplier; the two current transformers are used for detecting the electric power theft and the electricity monitoring; the mobile communication system module also performs the wireless communication with a graphic user interface.

[0008] The two current transformers are respectively installed on the phase line and the neutral line of the digital electric energy meter, the current transformer on the phase line measures the current entering the digital electric energy meter, and the current transformer on the neutral line measures the returned current; after the equipment is powered on, the two current transformers continuously monitor the current values on the phase line and the neutral line; the microcontroller records and constructs the time sequence curve of the difference value between the phase line current and the neutral current in the past 24 hours in real time, identifies the local abnormal points by quantitatively analyzing the change amplitude, the trend and the fluctuation characteristics under different electricity consumption periods, and combines the sampling density to distinguish the short-time abnormality and the long-term stable deviation; according to the dynamic threshold self-adaptive adjustment mechanism, the judgment standard of the current difference value is dynamically generated and periodically updated:

[0009] Y1, a difference value distribution model of the typical electricity consumption behavior of a user is constructed, the normal range of the current imbalance under the non-electricity theft condition is identified, and the difference value distribution model is used as the feature reference template for generating the dynamic threshold;

[0010] Y2, according to the multi-dimensional statistical features extracted from the difference value distribution model, the running background information of the current period is fused, and the dynamic threshold for the current electricity theft judgment is calculated.

[0011] As a further scheme of the present application, the difference value distribution model of the typical electricity consumption behavior of a user is a probabilistic distribution model for representing the normal current imbalance fluctuation range of a user, which is constructed on the basis of the phase line and neutral line current difference value data generated by the daily electricity consumption behavior of the user under the non-abnormal state after long-term time sequence collection and statistical analysis; the difference value distribution model of the typical electricity consumption behavior of a user takes 24 hours as a complete period, records and analyzes the mean value, the standard fluctuation amplitude, the peak frequency and the change trend of the difference value in different time windows, so as to depict the stable interval and the dynamic characteristics of the current difference value of the user in each period.

[0012] As a further scheme of the present application, the dynamic threshold calculation of the current electricity stealing judgment is specifically: quantitatively modeling the historical current difference data based on the multi-dimensional statistical features extracted in the behavior model, including extracting the maximum fluctuation amplitude in a 24-hour cycle, the average value and standard deviation of the difference value in each low-risk period, the typical fluctuation interval of the difference value in different load stages, and the proportion of the identified short-time abnormal points in the historical data; then, the running background information of the current period is fused to dynamically adjust the static statistical features: taking the average value of the difference value in the low-risk period as the reference value, introducing an adjustment coefficient based on the maximum fluctuation amplitude, and setting a fluctuation tolerance range referring to the historical fluctuation stability level of the current period; finally, the dynamic threshold is composed of multiple factors and acts on the current difference judgment logic in real time.

[0013] As a further scheme of the present application, when the real-time current difference value exceeds the current dynamic threshold, the power-off operation is not immediately executed, but enters a set short-time observation window. During the observation window, the microcontroller performs high-frequency sampling on the difference value data and evaluates whether it quickly recovers to within the dynamic threshold range. If the abnormal difference value disappears or returns to the normal fluctuation interval within the observation window, the system will identify it as a non-malicious power fluctuation and will not trigger an alarm. On the contrary, if the abnormal state persists throughout the observation window period and exceeds the set duration threshold, the system confirms it as a highly suspected electricity stealing behavior, triggers the alarm mechanism, and implements the power-off response through the control relay circuit.

[0014] As a further scheme of the present application, the digital electric energy meter is used for measuring and recording electric energy consumption, including the following specific contents: the range of measurable voltage of the digital electric energy meter is 0-250V, and the range of measurable current is 0-10A. The digital electric energy meter uses electronic technology and digital signal processing technology to convert analog electrical signals into digital signals through its built-in high-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and then the microprocessor performs real-time processing and calculation to output electric energy consumption data. The digital electric energy meter is not limited to basic electric energy measurement, but also has digital signal output function, which can transmit the measurement results in digital form to the microcontroller.

[0015] As a further scheme of the present application, the mobile communication system module is used to realize the bidirectional wireless communication between the system and the power supplier, including the following specific content: the mobile communication system module can realize the bidirectional communication between the system and the power supplier through the wireless network. The mobile communication system module mainly uses the short message (SMS) function to complete the communication task. The system sends the short message containing the voltage, current, power unit and billing information to the power supplier through the mobile communication system module at the preset time interval (every 5 seconds), and the power supplier can also send short message instructions to require the system to provide the latest power consumption data or perform operations such as remote power-off, power restoration, etc. In order to realize the above functions, the mobile communication system module is connected with the microcontroller through the serial port, and is controlled by the microcontroller through the AT command set. The AT command is a standardized instruction set for configuring and operating the mobile communication system module. The SIM card slot of the mobile communication system module has an effective SIM card, and the SIM card stores the user's identity information and network access credentials.

[0016] As a further scheme of the present application, the microcontroller is used for data acquisition, processing, instruction execution and communication management, including the following specific content: the microcontroller is Arduino Mega 2560, which is equipped with an ATmega2560 processor with a main frequency of 16MHz, and is provided with 256KB flash memory, 8KB SRAM and 4KB EEPROM. In addition, the Arduino Mega 2560 also provides 4 hardware serial ports, 1 I2C interface and 1 SPI interface. The Arduino Mega 2560 can be powered through USB, and also supports external power input of 7-12V, which is suitable for different scene requirements. The Arduino Mega 2560 collects data from sensors such as digital electric energy meter and current transformer, filters and calculates the data, realizes bidirectional communication with the power supplier through the mobile communication system module, and controls the relay to execute power-off or power-on operation according to the instruction, while driving the LCD display screen to display the power data in real time.

[0017] As a further scheme of the present application, the relay circuit is used to control the switch of the power supply, including the following specific content: the relay circuit supports a maximum load of 250V / 10A, and its control voltage is 5V. The Arduino Mega 2560 can directly output 5V signal through the digital pin to drive the relay circuit, without additional voltage conversion circuit or driver.

[0018] As a further scheme of the present application, the LCD display screen displays voltage, current, power consumption unit and billing information in real time, including the following specific contents: the LCD display screen is installed at the user end, and the LCD display screen can display 2 lines of text content with 16 characters per line. The LCD display screen is based on HD44780 controller and supports ASCII character set, and can clearly display numbers and letters. The user end can view power consumption data in real time through the LCD display screen.

[0019] As a further scheme of the present application, a graphical user interface is used for remote monitoring and management of digital electric energy meter, including the following specific contents: the graphical user interface is deployed at the power supplier end, and displays running data of the digital electric energy meter in real time, including voltage, current, cumulative power consumption and billing information. The graphical user interface provides buttons for power-off and power-on, which can be remotely operated by the power supplier.

[0020] An online monitoring method of digital electric energy meter, including the following specific steps:

[0021] S1, the digital electric energy meter measures voltage, current and power consumption data of the user in real time, and the microcontroller processes the collected data to calculate power consumption unit and billing information.

[0022] S2, the processed data is sent to the power supplier in the form of short message through the mobile communication system module, and the power supplier can also send control instructions to the online monitoring system through the mobile communication system module.

[0023] S3, the online monitoring system measures the current of phase line and neutral line through two current transformers, and if the difference between the two exceeds the preset threshold, the microcontroller determines that it is electricity stealing behavior, triggers the relay to cut off the power supply, and sends an alarm short message to the power supplier through the mobile communication system module.

[0024] S4, the user end views power consumption data in real time through the LCD display screen; the power supplier end monitors the state of the digital electric energy meter through the graphical user interface, and can send power-off or power-on instructions.

[0025] The technical effects and advantages of the online monitoring system and method for digital electric energy meter of the present application are as follows: the present application realizes two-way wireless communication by using a mobile communication system module, eliminates the need for manual meter reading, reduces operating costs, and effectively detects and prevents power theft by monitoring the current difference between the phase line and the neutral line through a current transformer, thereby enhancing safety. The present application not only automatically cuts off the power supply through a relay circuit to deal with electricity theft, but also adds remote monitoring and management functions. Power suppliers can view data in real time and perform power-off or power restoration operations through a graphical user interface, which is suitable for handling electricity theft, arrears, or emergency situations. In addition, the LCD display provides users with real-time information on voltage, current, power consumption, and bills, significantly improving power transparency and user experience. The present application optimizes power distribution and consumption management through a low-cost, high-efficiency solution, balancing safety, convenience, and economy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the online monitoring system for digital electric energy meter of the present application.

[0027] Figure 2 FIG. 4 is a power supply system circuit diagram of the mobile communication system module of the present application.

[0028] Figure 3 FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the online monitoring method for digital electric energy meter of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of the present application.

[0030] Embodiment 1.

[0031] Referring to Figure 1 the structural schematic diagram shown in FIG. 1, the online monitoring system for digital electric energy meter of the present application includes a digital electric energy meter, a mobile communication system module, a microcontroller, a current transformer, a relay circuit, an LCD display, and a graphical user interface. The digital electric energy meter is used to measure and record power consumption. The mobile communication system module is used to realize two-way wireless communication between the system and the power supplier. The microcontroller is used for data acquisition, processing, instruction execution, and communication management. The current transformer is used to detect power theft and power monitoring. The relay circuit is used to control the switching of the power supply. The LCD display displays voltage, current, power consumption, and billing information in real time. The graphical user interface is used for remote monitoring and management of the digital electric energy meter.

[0032] Further, the digital electric energy meter is used for measuring and recording electric energy consumption, including: the digital electric energy meter can measure the voltage range of 0-250V, the current range of 0-10A, which can cover the typical power load demand in the home and small business environment, such as household appliances, office equipment and small commercial facilities. The digital electric energy meter uses electronic technology and digital signal processing technology, through its built-in high-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to convert analog electrical signals (such as voltage and current) into digital signals, and then by the microprocessor for real-time processing and calculation, so as to output electric energy consumption data. The digital electric energy meter is not limited to basic electric energy measurement, but also has digital signal output function, which can transmit the measurement results in digital form to the microcontroller. This feature provides technical support for real-time processing and remote transmission of data, so that the electric energy meter can be seamlessly integrated into an online monitoring system. For example, it can be connected with Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller, and the microcontroller processes the data and sends it to the power supplier or user in the form of SMS through the mobile communication system module, realizing real-time monitoring and feedback of electric energy data. Compared with the traditional mechanical electric energy meter, the digital electric energy meter has the advantages of strong environmental adaptability and functional expansion. The mechanical electric energy meter relies on physical components (such as aluminum disc) for measurement, which is easy to cause precision decline due to wear or external environment change after long-term use, while the digital electric energy meter uses electronic components and digital processing technology, which is not affected by temperature, humidity or mechanical wear, and can maintain stable high-precision measurement in various environments.

[0033] Further, the mobile communication system module is used to realize two-way wireless communication between the system and the power supplier, including: the mobile communication system module can realize two-way communication between the system and the power supplier through wireless network. The two-way communication system not only can send the user's electric energy use data to the power supplier through the mobile communication system network, but also can send control instructions or request the latest electric energy information to the system through the same network. The mobile communication system module mainly uses SMS function to complete the communication task. The system sends SMS containing voltage, current, electric energy unit and billing information to the power supplier through the mobile communication system module at a preset time interval (every 5 seconds), while the power supplier can also send SMS instructions to request the system to provide the latest electric energy use data or perform operations such as remote power-off, power restoration, etc. In order to realize the above functions, the mobile communication system module is connected with the microcontroller through the serial port, and the microcontroller controls it through the AT command set. The AT command is a standardized instruction set for configuring and operating the mobile communication system module. The SIM card slot of the mobile communication system module has a valid SIM card, and the SIM card stores the user's identity information and network access credentials.

[0034] The mobile communication system module has a stable power supply system, such as Figure 2 As shown, the power supply system takes AC input as the starting point, the input end is marked as "AC2" and "AC1", AC2 represents the second input end point of the AC power supply, AC1 represents the first input end point of the AC power supply. The current input by the first input end and the second input end passes through the bridge rectifier BR1. The model of the bridge rectifier is 2W005G, which is composed of four diodes in a bridge structure. The bridge rectifier converts the input AC into DC. The positive output of the bridge rectifier is connected to the first capacitor C1, and the capacity of the first capacitor is 1nF. The negative output of the bridge rectifier is connected to the ground (GND) of the circuit. The positive output of the bridge rectifier BR1 is also connected to the voltage stabilizer chip U1, which is model 7805. A second capacitor C2 is connected in parallel between the input end and the ground of the voltage stabilizer chip U1, and the capacity of the second capacitor is 1nF. The second capacitor C2 is used to further filter the voltage noise at the input end. A third capacitor C3 is connected in parallel between the output end and the ground of the voltage stabilizer chip U1, and the capacity of the third capacitor C3 is 1nF. A diode D1 is also connected to the output end of the voltage stabilizer chip U1, marked as "DIODE". The diode D1 is connected between the output end of the voltage stabilizer chip U1 and the positive output of the circuit. The diode D1 is to prevent reverse current and avoid damage to the mobile communication system module caused by external voltage. The working process of the power supply system is as follows: the AC input is converted into DC by the bridge rectifier (BR1), the first capacitor C1 performs preliminary filtering on the rectified DC voltage, the voltage stabilizer chip U1 stabilizes the filtered voltage to 5V, the second capacitor C2 and the third capacitor C3 further optimize the voltage quality at the input end and the output end of the voltage stabilizer chip U1 respectively, and the diode D1 provides protection function. The final stable 5V DC voltage is provided to the mobile communication system module from the output end of the voltage stabilizer chip U1, ensuring the normal operation of the mobile communication system module.

[0035] Further, the microcontroller is used for data collection, processing, instruction execution and communication management, including: the microcontroller is an Arduino Mega 2560. The Arduino Mega 2560 is equipped with an ATmega2560 processor with a main frequency of 16MHz, and is provided with 256KB of flash memory, 8KB of SRAM and 4KB of EEPROM, and can process large program and data storage requirements. In addition, the Arduino Mega 2560 also provides 4 hardware serial ports, 1 I2C interface and 1 SPI interface. The Arduino Mega 2560 can be powered by USB or support external power input of 7-12V, which is suitable for different scene requirements. The Arduino Mega 2560 collects data from digital energy meters and current transformers and other sensors, filters and calculates the data, realizes two-way communication with the power supplier through the mobile communication system module, and controls the relay to execute power-off or power-on operation according to the instructions, while driving the LCD display screen to display the electric energy data in real time.

[0036] Further, the current transformer is used for detecting power theft and electricity monitoring, including: the current transformer is installed on the phase line and neutral line of the digital energy meter respectively, the current transformer on the phase line measures the current entering the digital energy meter (supply current); the current transformer on the neutral line measures the return current (load current). The current transformer is a sensor that can be installed without disconnecting the circuit, which adopts a clamp design and can be directly clamped on the wire to measure the current. In a normal single-phase power system, the currents of the phase line and the neutral line are equal, because the current flows into the load from the phase line and returns through the neutral line; if there is a difference, for example, the user steals electricity by grounding or bypassing the digital energy meter, which reduces the neutral line current, and the system can detect this anomaly. After the device is powered on, the two current transformers continuously monitor the current values on the phase line and the neutral line; the microcontroller records and constructs the time series curve of the difference between the phase line current and the neutral current in the past 24 hours in real time, quantitatively analyzes the change amplitude, trend and fluctuation characteristics of the difference under different power consumption periods, identifies local abnormal points, and distinguishes between short-term abnormalities and long-term stable deviations according to the sampling density; according to the dynamic threshold self-adaptive adjustment mechanism, the judgment standard of the current current difference is dynamically generated and periodically updated:

[0037] Y1, construct a difference distribution model of typical user power consumption behavior, identify the normal range of current imbalance under non-theft conditions, and use it as a feature reference template for dynamic threshold generation;

[0038] Y2, according to the multi-dimensional statistical features extracted from the difference distribution model, fuse the running background information of the current period, and calculate the dynamic threshold for current power theft judgment.

[0039] The difference value distribution model is based on the long-term historical power consumption data of the user in the non-electricity stealing state, takes the difference value between the phase current and the neutral current as the modeling object, and is a mathematical model for describing the normal current imbalance fluctuation range of the user constructed by the probability statistical method. The construction process includes:

[0040] Y11, current transformers are installed on the phase line and neutral line of the digital electric energy meter, the microcontroller calculates the difference value between the phase current and the neutral current in real time, and records it with a time stamp. The sampling period is set to 1 second to 1 minute, and the difference value data is collected continuously for not less than 30 days to obtain the original sample fully reflecting the user's power consumption habit.

[0041] Y12, the collected difference value data is divided according to the time window (including peak period, valley period, night period, etc.) in 24 hours as a complete cycle, and the mean value, standard fluctuation amplitude, peak value and its occurrence frequency, trend change rate and other multi-dimensional statistical characteristics of the difference value sequence of each time window are calculated respectively to represent the stable interval and dynamic change law of different time periods.

[0042] Y13, based on the above statistical characteristics, the probability density function of the difference value in each time window is obtained by using the probability distribution fitting method (Gaussian distribution), or the upper and lower quartiles and the extreme value range of each time period are recorded by using the box plot statistical method, so as to determine the difference value fluctuation interval in the normal power consumption state. The difference value distribution model is set that under the non-abnormal condition, the probability of the difference value falling into the normal interval should not be lower than the preset threshold (95%).

[0043] In the Y2, the dynamic threshold for current electricity theft judgment is calculated as follows: based on the multi-dimensional statistical features extracted from the behavior model, the historical current difference data is quantitatively modeled, including the maximum fluctuation amplitude in a 24-hour period, the average value and standard deviation of the difference value in each low-risk period (such as the night low-load stage), the typical fluctuation interval of the difference value in different load stages (such as the peak electricity consumption period), and the proportion of short-term abnormal points identified in the historical data. Subsequently, the system integrates the operation background information of the current period, such as whether it is currently in the peak load period, the load access frequency detected by the system, the electricity fluctuation characteristics of the user in the same period, and dynamically adjusts the static statistical features, including: the system takes the average value of the difference value in the low-risk period as the reference value, introduces the adjustment coefficient based on the maximum fluctuation amplitude, and sets the fluctuation tolerance range by referring to the historical fluctuation stability level of the current period. If the current period has a large fluctuation amplitude in history, the system will appropriately relax the difference tolerance; otherwise, it will appropriately tighten. Finally, the dynamic threshold is composed of the above factors and acts on the current difference judgment logic in real time. For example, the system may generate the dynamic judgment threshold of the current period in the form of "reference difference value mean + tolerance factor x standard deviation", and the size of the tolerance factor is determined by the maximum fluctuation amplitude and the abnormal point proportion.

[0044] During system operation, the real-time collected difference value is compared with the dynamic threshold. When the difference value is within the dynamic threshold interval, it is determined to be normal fluctuation; when the difference value exceeds the dynamic threshold interval, combined with the operation background information such as the current load switching situation and seasonal electricity consumption characteristics, it is determined to be electricity theft.

[0045] Further, the relay circuit is used to control the switch of the power supply, including: the relay circuit supports a maximum load of 250V / 10A, and its control voltage is 5V. The Arduino Mega 2560 can directly output a 5V signal through a digital pin to drive the relay circuit, without the need for additional voltage conversion circuit or driver. When electricity theft is detected, the relay circuit turns off the control power supply.

[0046] Further, the LCD display screen displays the voltage, current, electricity unit, and billing information in real time, including: the LCD display screen is installed at the user end, and the LCD display screen can display 2 lines of text content with 16 characters per line. The LCD display screen is based on the HD44780 controller and supports the ASCII character set, which can clearly display numbers and letters. The user end can view the electricity consumption data in real time through the LCD display screen.

[0047] Further, the graphical user interface is used for remote monitoring and management of the digital electric energy meter, including: the graphical user interface is deployed at the power supplier end, which displays the running data of the digital electric energy meter in real time, including voltage, current, cumulative power consumption and billing information. The graphical user interface provides buttons for power-off and power-on, which can be remotely operated by the power supplier, for example: to deal with power theft, handle user arrears and respond to emergencies.

[0048] Further, the digital electric energy meter is installed at the user end as a core device for measuring power consumption and connected with the microcontroller through the serial port; the microcontroller is connected with the mobile communication system module through the serial communication interface; the current transformer is connected with the microcontroller through the analog signal interface; the relay circuit is connected with the microcontroller through the digital output pin; the LCD display screen is connected with the microcontroller through the display interface I2C; and the graphical user interface is wirelessly communicated with the mobile communication system module through the network.

[0049] As shown in Figure 3 , a digital electric energy meter online monitoring method includes the following specific steps:

[0050] S1, the digital electric energy meter measures the voltage, current and power consumption data of the user in real time, and the microcontroller processes the collected data to calculate the power consumption unit and billing information.

[0051] S2, the processed data is sent to the power supplier in the form of a short message through the mobile communication system module, and the power supplier can also send control instructions to the online monitoring system through the mobile communication system module.

[0052] S3, the online monitoring system measures the current of the phase line and the neutral line through two current transformers, and if the microcontroller determines that it is a power stealing behavior, it triggers the relay to cut off the power supply, and sends an alarm short message to the power supplier through the mobile communication system module.

[0053] S4, the user end views the power consumption data in real time through the LCD display screen; and the power supplier end monitors the state of the digital electric energy meter through the graphical user interface and can send power-off or power-on instructions.

[0054] The application utilizes mobile communication system modules to realize bidirectional wireless communication, eliminates the need for manual meter reading, reduces operating costs, and effectively detects and prevents electricity theft by monitoring the current difference between the phase line and the neutral line through a current transformer, thereby enhancing security. The application not only automatically cuts off power through a relay circuit to deal with electricity theft, but also adds remote monitoring and management functions. Power suppliers can view data in real time through a graphical user interface and perform power-off or power restoration operations, which is suitable for handling electricity theft, arrears, or emergency situations. In addition, the LCD display provides users with real-time information on voltage, current, power consumption, and bills, significantly improving power transparency and user experience. The application optimizes power distribution and consumption management through a low-cost, high-efficiency solution, balancing safety, convenience, and economy.

[0055] Example 2.

[0056] At the single-phase user end, one open-type current transformer is clamped to the phase line, and the other is clamped to the neutral line. The microcontroller samples and records the difference sequence (i.e., the absolute value of the phase line current minus the neutral line current) for 30 days at a 1s cycle, models the "normal power fluctuation interval" by time period, and then calculates the "dynamic threshold" according to Y2. This can identify persistent imbalances caused by electricity theft such as neutral line bypassing without increasing the false alarm rate.

[0057] The experimental platform and arrangement are as follows: 220V single-phase user circuit; digital electric energy meter (voltage 0-250V, current 0-10A); two open-type CTs (rated 50A / 1V, clamp type, no need to break the line); Arduino Mega 2560 as the microcontroller; sampling period 1s; observation window 5 minutes; duration threshold 10 minutes. Divide the 24-hour cycle into four time windows: night (00-06), morning peak (07-09), daytime low (11-16), and evening peak (18-22). Record the following statistical quantities for 30 consecutive days at a 1s sampling rate:

[0058] Table 1 30-day statistical table

[0059]

[0060] Without changing the user's daily power usage habits, record 72 hours of natural power usage and simulate the situation of "part of the backflow bypassing the electric energy meter" on the test bench, as shown in Table 2:

[0061] Table 2 72-hour verification summary table

[0062]

[0063] The embodiment is clamped with an open current transformer on each phase / neutral line of the user side. The difference value sequence is recorded with 1 second cycle for 30 consecutive days, and the mean value, standard deviation, 95th percentile and maximum fluctuation amplitude of each period are calculated according to 24-hour window. Then, the "difference value distribution model under non-electricity stealing condition" is constructed. On this basis, the system fuses the "low risk benchmark mean value" and "historical stability / maximum fluctuation / short-time abnormality ratio" into the "dynamic threshold value" of the current period according to the Y2, and introduces the 5-minute observation window and 10-minute duration threshold. The 72-hour verification shows that in the two segments of "controlled continuous imbalance" in the evening peak and the daytime trough, the difference value is far beyond the dynamic threshold value and exceeds the duration threshold. The system stably triggers the alarm and executes the power-off. The transient threshold crossing caused by the short-time plug-in and plug-out at night is automatically exempted because it does not meet the continuity condition, so as to ensure the detection rate while suppressing the false alarm, proving the effectiveness and rationality of the difference value distribution modeling and dynamic threshold mechanism.

[0064] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed in the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

[0065] Finally: the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not used to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A digital energy meter on-line monitoring system comprising a digital energy meter, a relay circuit, a microcontroller and an LCD display screen, characterized in that, Also comprising a mobile communication system module for enabling two-way wireless communication between the system and the power supplier, and two current transformers for detecting power theft and electricity monitoring, the mobile communication system module also wirelessly communicates with a graphical user interface; The two current transformers are respectively installed on the phase line and the neutral line of the digital electric energy meter, the current transformer on the phase line measures the current entering the digital electric energy meter, and the current transformer on the neutral line measures the return current; after the device is powered on, the two current transformers continuously monitor the current values on the phase line and the neutral line; The microcontroller records and constructs the time series curve of the difference between the phase line current and the neutral current in the past 24 hours in real time, identifies local abnormal points by quantitatively analyzing the change amplitude, trend and fluctuation characteristics of the difference in different power consumption periods, and distinguishes short-term abnormalities from long-term stable deviations in combination with the sampling density; according to the dynamic threshold adaptive adjustment mechanism, the judgment standard of the current current difference is dynamically generated and periodically updated: Y1, construct a difference distribution model of typical user power consumption behavior, identify the normal range of current imbalance under non-theft conditions, and use it as a feature reference template for dynamic threshold generation; Y2, according to the multi-dimensional statistical features extracted from the difference distribution model, fuse the running background information of the current period, and calculate the dynamic threshold for current power theft judgment.

2. The on-line monitoring system for digital electric energy meter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The difference distribution model is based on long-term historical power consumption data of the user under non-theft conditions, and the difference between the phase line current and the neutral current is used as the modeling object, which is constructed by a probability statistical method, and the construction process includes: Y11, install current transformers on the phase line and neutral line of the digital electric energy meter, and the microcontroller calculates the difference between the phase line current and the neutral current in real time and records it with a time stamp; Y12, divide the collected difference value data into time windows according to 24 hours as a complete cycle, and calculate the mean, standard fluctuation amplitude, peak value, its occurrence frequency and trend change rate statistical characteristics of the difference value sequence of each time window; Y13, based on the above statistical characteristics, the probability density function of the difference value in each time window is obtained by using the probability distribution fitting method, and the difference value fluctuation interval under normal power consumption state is determined.

3. The on-line monitoring system for digital electric energy meter according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Y2, the dynamic threshold calculation for current power theft judgment is: based on the statistical characteristics extracted from the behavior model, the historical current difference data is quantitatively modeled, including extracting the maximum fluctuation amplitude in 24 hours, the average value and standard deviation of the difference value in each low-risk period, the typical fluctuation interval of the difference value in different load stages, and the proportion of the short-term abnormal points identified in the historical data; Then, the running background information of the current period is fused, and the static statistical characteristics are dynamically adjusted.

4. The on-line monitoring system for digital electric energy meter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The difference distribution model of the user's typical power consumption behavior is a probability distribution model for representing the normal current imbalance fluctuation range of the user, which is constructed based on the current line and neutral line current difference data generated by the user's daily power consumption behavior in the non-abnormal state after long-term time series collection and statistical analysis; the difference distribution model of the user's typical power consumption behavior records and analyzes the mean value, standard fluctuation amplitude, peak frequency and change trend of the difference in different time windows with 24 hours as a complete cycle, so as to depict the stable interval and dynamic characteristics of the current difference of the user in each period.

5. The on-line monitoring system for digital electric energy meter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic threshold calculation of the current electricity stealing judgment is specifically: based on the multi-dimensional statistical features extracted in the behavior model, the historical current difference data is quantitatively modeled, including extracting the maximum fluctuation amplitude in the 24-hour cycle, the average value and standard deviation of the difference in each low-risk period, the typical fluctuation interval of the difference in different load stages, and the proportion of the historical data identified as short-time abnormal points; then, the static statistical features are dynamically adjusted by fusing the operation background information of the current period: taking the difference mean value of the low-risk period as the reference value, introducing the adjustment coefficient based on the maximum fluctuation amplitude, and setting the fluctuation tolerance range according to the historical fluctuation stability level of the current period; The dynamic threshold is used in real time for the current difference discrimination logic.

6. The on-line monitoring system for digital electric energy meter according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the real-time current difference exceeds the current dynamic threshold, the power-off operation is not immediately executed, but enters a set short-time observation window. During the observation window, the microcontroller samples the difference data at a high frequency and evaluates whether the abnormal difference disappears or returns to the normal fluctuation interval within the observation window. If the abnormal difference disappears or returns to the normal fluctuation interval within the observation window, the system will identify it as non-malicious power consumption fluctuation and will not trigger an alarm. On the contrary, if the abnormal state persists throughout the observation window period and exceeds the set duration threshold, the system confirms that it is a highly suspected electricity stealing behavior, triggers the alarm mechanism, and implements the power-off response through the control relay circuit.

7. The on-line monitoring system for digital electric energy meter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mobile communication system module realizes two-way communication through SMS, sends an SMS containing voltage, current, power consumption unit and billing information to the power supplier every 5 seconds, receives and executes the remote instructions of the power supplier, and is connected with the microcontroller through a serial port and controlled by an AT command set; the power supply system of the mobile communication system module includes a bridge rectifier, a voltage stabilizer chip, three 1nF capacitors and a diode, which outputs 5V DC after rectification, filtering and voltage stabilization of the input AC power.

8. The on-line monitoring system for digital electric energy meter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The graphical user interface is deployed at the power supplier end, displays the operation data of the digital electric energy meter in real time, provides power-off and power restoration operation buttons, and communicates wirelessly with the mobile communication system module through the network.

9. The on-line monitoring system for digital electric energy meter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The digital electric energy meter is connected with the microcontroller through a serial port, the microcontroller is connected with the relay circuit through a digital output pin, the microcontroller is also connected with the LCD display screen through a display interface I2C, the mobile communication system module is connected with the microcontroller through a serial communication interface, and the two current transformers are connected with the microcontroller through an analog signal interface.

10. The method for online monitoring of a digital electric energy meter, applied to the online monitoring system of the digital electric energy meter according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, the digital electric energy meter measures the voltage, current and power consumption data of the user in real time, and the microcontroller processes the collected data to calculate the electricity consumption unit and billing information; S2, the processed data is sent to the power supplier in the form of a short message through the mobile communication system module, and the power supplier can also send control instructions to the online monitoring system through the mobile communication system module; S3, the online monitoring system measures the current of the phase line and the neutral line through two current transformers, and if the microcontroller determines that it is electricity stealing, it triggers the relay to cut off the power supply and sends an alarm short message to the power supplier through the mobile communication system module; S4, the user end can view the electricity consumption data in real time through the LCD display screen, and the power supplier end can monitor the status of the digital electric energy meter through the graphical user interface and send power-off or power-on instructions.

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