Light-emitting element, amine compound for light-emitting element, and electronic device including light-emitting element

Abstract

The invention relates to a light-emitting element, an amine compound for the light-emitting element, and an electronic device including the light-emitting element. The light-emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode on the first electrode, and at least one functional layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an amine compound represented by Formula 1. Formula 1

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0050306, filed on April 15, 2024, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] One or more embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a light-emitting element, an amine compound for a light-emitting element, and an electronic device including the light-emitting element. Background Art

[0004] An electronic device includes a display device that displays an image. Recently, research and development of organic electroluminescent display devices and the like as image display devices have been actively conducted. Organic electroluminescent display devices and the like include a self-luminous light-emitting element in which holes and electrons injected from a first electrode and a second electrode, respectively, recombine in an emission layer (i.e., a light-emitting layer). This recombination causes the light-emitting material in the emission layer to emit light, thereby achieving image display (e.g., display of an image).

[0005] When light-emitting elements are used in display devices, high luminous efficiency and long element life are desired or required. Therefore, efforts are being actively made to develop materials for light-emitting elements that can stably achieve these desired characteristics.

[0006] In addition, in order to implement a light-emitting element having high luminous efficiency and long element life, it is necessary to actively develop a material for a hole transport region having improved stability and charge transport capability. Summary of the Invention

[0007] One or more aspects of the embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a light-emitting element having improved luminous efficiency and element lifespan.

[0008] One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an amine compound capable of improving luminous efficiency and element life of a light-emitting element including the amine compound.

[0009] One or more aspects of the embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to electronic devices that include a light-emitting element having improved luminous efficiency and element lifespan and thus exhibit excellent or appropriate display quality.

[0010] Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments.

[0011] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a light emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode on the first electrode, and at least one functional layer containing an amine compound represented by Formula 1 between the first and second electrodes.

[0012] Formula 1

[0013]

[0014] In Formula 1, selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 Any one of which may be represented by Formula 2 or Formula 3 and is selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 The other one of them may be an unsubstituted phenyl group, Ar 3 and Ar 4 may be each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, L may be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, R 1 may be hydrogen, deuterium, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and n1 may be an integer selected from 0 to 3.

[0015] Formula 2

[0016]

[0017] Formula 3

[0018]

[0019] In Equations 2 and 3, R 2 and R 3 Each of them is independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, n2 and n3 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 9, -* is a position connected to Formula 1, in Formula 1, if selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 Any one of which is represented by Formula 3 (e.g., selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 When any one of the following is represented by Formula 3), Ar 3 and Ar 4At least one of them includes a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 9-phenylcarbazolyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl group. In Formula 1, Ar 3 and Ar 4 excluding (e.g., excluding) substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing six-membered heterocyclic rings, substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl groups, and boron-containing groups (e.g., boron-containing derivatives); if the amine compound represented by Formula 1 includes a four-membered fused heterocyclic ring (e.g., when the amine compound represented by Formula 1 includes a four-membered fused heterocyclic ring), the four-membered fused heterocyclic ring is directly bonded to the nitrogen atom in Formula 1, and in Formula 1, excluding the group selected from Ar 3 and Ar 4 In the case where at least one is a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl group, the amine compound may include a structure in which at least one hydrogen may be optionally substituted with deuterium, for example, at least one hydrogen of the amine compound is substituted with deuterium.

[0020] In one or more embodiments, at least one functional layer may include a light emitting layer, a hole transport region between the first electrode and the light emitting layer, and an electron transport region between the light emitting layer and the second electrode, wherein the hole transport region may include an amine compound represented by Formula 1.

[0021] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer on the first electrode and a hole transport layer on the hole injection layer, wherein the hole transport layer includes the amine compound represented by Formula 1.

[0022] In one or more embodiments, the amine compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 2-1 or Formula 2-2.

[0023] Formula 2-1

[0024]

[0025] Formula 2-2

[0026]

[0027] The description as defined in Formula 1 can be similarly applied to R in Formulas 2-1 and 2-2. 1 、n1、L、Ar 1 、Ar 2 、Ar 3 and Ar 4 In other words, R in Equation 2-1 and Equation 2-2 1 、n1、L、Ar 1 、Ar 2 、Ar 3 and Ar 4may each independently be the same as defined in Formula 1.

[0028] In one or more embodiments, Ar 3 and Ar 4 Each of the groups may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothienyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group.

[0029] In one or more embodiments, Ar 3 and Ar 4 Each of the above groups may be independently substituted with deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothienyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl group.

[0030] In one or more embodiments, the amine compound represented by Formula 1 is represented by Formula 3.

[0031] Formula 3

[0032]

[0033] In formula 3, R 1a 、R 1b and R 1c can each independently be hydrogen or deuterium.

[0034] The description defined in Formula 1 can be similarly applied to L, Ar in Formula 3. 1 、Ar 2 、Ar 3 and Ar 4 In other words, L and Ar in formula 3 1 、Ar 2 、Ar 3 and Ar 4 may each independently be the same as defined in Formula 1.

[0035] In one or more embodiments, the amine compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by any one selected from Formula 4-1 to Formula 4-4.

[0036] Formula 4-1

[0037]

[0038] Formula 4-2

[0039]

[0040] Formula 4-3

[0041]

[0042] Formula 4-4

[0043]

[0044] In formula 4-3 and formula 4-4, Ar 3a and Ar 4a may be each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and is selected from Ar 3a and Ar 4a At least one of the groups may include a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 9-phenylcarbazolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl group.

[0045] In Formula 4-1 to Formula 4-4, the description defined in Formula 1 can be similarly applied to R 1 、n1、L、Ar 1 、Ar 2 、Ar 3 and Ar 4 In other words, R in Equations 4-1 to 4-4 1 、n1、L、Ar 1 、Ar 2 、Ar 3 and Ar 4 may each independently be the same as defined in Formula 1.

[0046] In Formula 4-1 to Formula 4-4, the description defined in Formula 2 and Formula 3 can be similarly applied to R 2 、R 3 , n2 and n3. In other words, R in Equations 4-1 to 4-4 2 、R 3 , n2 and n3 may each independently be the same as defined in Formula 2 and Formula 3.

[0047] In one or more embodiments, the amine compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by any one selected from Formula 5-1 to Formula 5-3.

[0048] Formula 5-1

[0049]

[0050] Formula 5-2

[0051]

[0052] Formula 5-3

[0053]

[0054] In Formula 5-1 to Formula 5-3, R 4 to R 8 can be each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and Z can be O, S, NR 9 or CR 10 R 11 , R 9 to R 11 may be each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, n4 may be an integer selected from 0 to 5, n5 and n8 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4, n6 may be an integer selected from 0 to 7, n7 may be an integer selected from 0 to 3, and in Formula 5-1, if selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 Any one of which is represented by Formula 3 (e.g., selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 When any one of the following is expressed by Formula 3), R 4 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 9-phenylcarbazolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl group.

[0055] In Formula 5-1 to Formula 5-3, the description defined in Formula 1 above can be similarly applied to R 1 、n1、L、Ar 1 、Ar 2 and Ar 4 In other words, R in Equations 5-1 to 5-3 1 、n1、L、Ar 1 、Ar 2 and Ar 4 may each independently be the same as defined in Formula 1.

[0056] In one or more embodiments, the amine compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 6, and the amine compound may satisfy any one selected from the combinations listed in Compound Combination Table 1.

[0057] Formula 6

[0058]

[0059] In formula 6, Ar iCan be any one selected from the substituent group A, Ar ii Can be any one selected from the substituent group B and Ar iii It may be any one selected from Group C of Substituents.

[0060] Substituent Group A

[0061]

[0062] Substituent Group B

[0063]

[0064] Substituent Group C

[0065]

[0066] In substituent group A, substituent group B, and substituent group C, -* is a position connected to N in Formula 6.

[0067] In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the electronic device includes a substrate layer, a circuit layer on the substrate layer (e.g., arranged on the substrate layer), and a display element layer on the circuit layer (e.g., arranged on the circuit layer) and including a light-emitting element, wherein the light-emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode on the first electrode (e.g., arranged on the first electrode), and at least one functional layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an amine compound represented by Formula 1.

[0068] In one or more embodiments, the light emitting element may further include a capping layer on the second electrode (e.g., disposed on the second electrode), and the capping layer may have a refractive index of at least about 1.6 for light in a wavelength range of about 550 nanometers (nm) to about 660 nm.

[0069] In one or more embodiments, a light control layer may be further included on the display element layer (for example, arranged on the display element layer) and including quantum dots, wherein the light-emitting element may emit a first color light, and the light control layer may include: a first light control component containing first quantum dots that convert the first color light into a second color light in a wavelength range longer than the wavelength range of the first color light; a second light control component containing second quantum dots that convert the first color light into a third color light in a wavelength range longer than the wavelength range of the first color light and the wavelength range of the second color light; and a third light control component configured to transmit the first color light.

[0070] In one or more embodiments, a color filter layer may be further included on the light control layer, and the color filter layer may include a first color filter configured to transmit the second color light, a second color filter configured to transmit the third color light, and a third color filter configured to transmit the first color light.

[0071] In one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, an amine compound represented by Formula 1 is provided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0072] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this disclosure. The accompanying drawings illustrate example embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. The above and / or other aspects of the present disclosure should become apparent from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the above and / or other aspects of the present disclosure should be understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

[0073] Figure 1 A plan view illustrating a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0074] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0075] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0076] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0077] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0078] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0079] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0080] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0081] Figure 9 A cross-sectional view illustrating a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0082] Figure 10 A cross-sectional view illustrating a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0083] Figure 11A view for explaining a display device in which one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are arranged;

[0084] Figure 12 A perspective view showing an electronic device according to an embodiment;

[0085] Figure 13 is an exploded perspective view showing an electronic device according to an embodiment;

[0086] Figure 14 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment;

[0087] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram showing an electronic device according to an embodiment; and

[0088] Figure 16 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electronic device according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0089] The present disclosure may be modified and implemented in one or more suitable ways, and the present disclosure has many forms, and therefore will be exemplified in the drawings and described in more detail in the detailed description of the present disclosure. However, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific forms disclosed, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives that fall within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0090] When explaining each drawing, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same elements. In the accompanying drawings, for the sake of clarity of the present disclosure, the size of each structure may be magnified for illustration. It will be understood that although the terms "first" and / or "second" etc. may be used in this article to describe one or more appropriate components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are merely used to distinguish one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the example embodiments of the present disclosure, the first component may be referred to as the second component, and similarly, the second component may be referred to as the first component. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "a", "an", "one" and "said" are intended to also include plural forms. Further, when describing an embodiment of the present disclosure, the use of "may" refers to "one or more embodiments of the present disclosure".

[0091] In the present disclosure, it will be understood that the terms "comprise(s) / comprising", "include(s) / including", and / or "have(has) / having", etc. indicate the presence of features, quantities, steps, operations, components, parts, and / or one or more combinations thereof (e.g., any appropriate combination) disclosed in the present disclosure, but do not exclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, quantities, steps, operations, components, parts, and / or one or more combinations thereof (e.g., any appropriate combination). As used herein, the terms "and", "or", and "and / or" may include any and all combinations of one or more associated listed items. Expressions such as "at least one of", "one of", and "selected from..." when preceding / following a list of elements modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. For example, "at least one of a, b, and c," "at least one selected from a, b, and c," "at least one selected from a to c," etc. may indicate only a, only b, only c, both a and b (e.g., a and b simultaneously), both a and c (e.g., a and c simultaneously), both b and c (e.g., b and c simultaneously), all of a, b, and c, or variations thereof. " / " as used herein may be interpreted as "and" or "or," depending on the context.

[0092] In the present disclosure, if a layer, film, region or sheet is referred to as being “on” or “in an upper portion” of another layer, film, region or sheet (for example, when a layer, film, region or sheet is referred to as being “on” or “in an upper portion” of another layer, film, region or sheet), it may not only be “directly on” the layer, film, region or sheet, but one or more intervening layers, films, regions or sheets may also be present therebetween. In contrast, if a layer, film, region or sheet is referred to as being “under” or “under” another layer, film, region or sheet (for example, when a layer, film, region or sheet is referred to as being “under” or “under” another layer, film, region or sheet), it may not only be directly under the layer, film, region or sheet, but one or more intervening layers, films, regions or sheets may also be present therebetween. In addition, it will be understood that if a component is referred to as being "on" another component (for example, when a component is referred to as being "on" another component), it can be disposed above the other component or can also be disposed below the other component. In the present disclosure, "directly on..." can mean that there are no additional layers, films, regions, and / or panels, etc. between a layer, film, region, plate, etc. and another component. For example, "directly on..." can mean that two layers or two components are disposed without using another component (for example, an adhesive component) between them.

[0093] In the present disclosure, the term "substituted or unsubstituted" may refer to being unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, amine, silyl, oxy, sulfenyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, carbonyl, boron, phosphine oxide, phosphine sulfide, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydrocarbon ring, aryl, and heterocyclic groups. In addition, each of the substituents exemplified above may be substituted or unsubstituted. For example, a biphenyl group may be interpreted as an aryl group or a phenyl group substituted with a phenyl group.

[0094] In the present invention, an integer selected from 0 to 3 refers to an integer selected from 0, 1, 2 and 3; an integer selected from 0 to 4 refers to an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4; an integer selected from 0 to 5 refers to an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5; an integer selected from 0 to 7 refers to an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7; an integer selected from 0 to 8 refers to an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8; an integer selected from 0 to 9 refers to an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9; and an integer selected from 0 to 10 refers to an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.

[0095] In the present disclosure, the phrase "bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring" may refer to a group bonding to an adjacent group to form a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle. The hydrocarbon ring may include an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring and / or an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. The heterocycle may include an aliphatic heterocycle and / or an aromatic heterocycle. The hydrocarbon ring and the heterocycle may each be monocyclic or polycyclic. In addition, the ring formed by the bonding of adjacent groups to each other may be connected to another ring to form a spiro structure.

[0096] In the present disclosure, the term "adjacent group" may refer to a substituent that replaces an atom directly connected to the atom substituted by the corresponding substituent, another substituent that replaces the atom substituted by the corresponding substituent, or a substituent that is spatially located closest to the corresponding substituent. For example, the two methyl groups in 1,2-dimethylbenzene may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other, and the two ethyl groups in 1,1-diethylcyclopentane may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other. In one or more embodiments, the two methyl groups in 4,5-dimethylphenanthrene may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other.

[0097] In the present disclosure, examples of halogen may include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and / or iodine.

[0098] In the present disclosure, the alkyl group may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group may be 1 to 50, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 6. Examples of the alkyl group may include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-butylhexyl, n-heptyl, 1-methylheptyl, 2,2-dimethylheptyl, 2-ethylheptyl, 2-butylheptyl, n-octyl, tert-octyl, 2-ethyloctyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexyloctyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, adamantyl, 2-ethyldecyl, 2-butyldecyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2-octyldecyl, n-undecyl, n-Dodecyl, 2-ethyldodecyl, 2-butyldodecyl, 2-hexyldodecyl, 2-octyldodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, 2-ethylhexadecyl, 2-butylhexadecyl, 2-hexylhexadecyl, 2-octylhexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-nonadecyl, n-eicosyl, 2-ethyleicosyl, 2-butyleicosyl, 2-hexyleicosyl, 2-octyleicosyl, n-heneicosyl, n-docosyl, n-tricosyl, n-tetracosyl, n-pentacosyl, n-hexacosyl, n-heptacosyl, n-octacosyl, n-nonacosyl and / or n-triacontyl, etc., but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0099] In the present disclosure, a cycloalkyl group may refer to a cyclic alkyl group. The number of carbon atoms in the cyclic alkyl group may be 3 to 50, 3 to 30, 3 to 20, or 3 to 10. Examples of cycloalkyl groups may include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, norbornyl, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, isobornyl, and / or bicycloheptyl, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0100] In the present disclosure, an alkenyl group refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms. The alkenyl group may be linear or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkenyl group is not particularly limited, and for example, may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of alkenyl groups may include vinyl, 1-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, styryl, and / or styrylvinyl, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0101] In the present disclosure, an alkynyl group refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms. The alkynyl group may be linear or branched. Although the number of carbon atoms in the alkynyl group is not particularly limited, it may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of alkynyl groups may include ethynyl and / or propynyl, etc., but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0102] In the present disclosure, the hydrocarbon ring group refers to any functional group or substituent derived from an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring. The hydrocarbon ring group may be a saturated hydrocarbon ring group having 5 to 20 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0103] In the present disclosure, an aryl group refers to any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. The aryl group may be a monocyclic aryl group or a polycyclic aryl group. The number of ring carbon atoms in the aryl group may be 6 to 60, 6 to 50, 6 to 40, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of aryl groups may include phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, pentyl, hexyl, triphenylene, pyrenyl, benzofluoranthenyl, and / or 1,2-triphenylenyl, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0104] In the present disclosure, the fluorenyl group may be substituted, and two substituents may be bonded to each other to form a spiro structure. Examples of substituted fluorenyl groups are as follows. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0105]

[0106] As used herein, a heterocyclic group refers to any functional group or substituent derived from a ring containing at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se as a heteroatom. Heterocyclic groups include aliphatic heterocyclic groups and / or aromatic heterocyclic groups. Aromatic heterocyclic groups may be heteroaryl groups. Aliphatic heterocyclic groups and aromatic heterocyclic groups may each be monocyclic or polycyclic.

[0107] In the present disclosure, the heteroaryl group may contain at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S and Se as a heteroatom. If the heteroaryl group contains two or more heteroatoms (for example, when the heteroaryl group contains two or more heteroatoms), the two or more heteroatoms may be the same or different from each other. The heteroaryl group may be a monocyclic heterocyclic group or a polycyclic heterocyclic group. The number of ring carbon atoms in the heteroaryl group may be 2 to 60, 2 to 50, 2 to 40, 2 to 30, 2 to 20 or 2 to 10. Examples of heteroaryl groups may include thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, bipyridyl, triazolyl, acridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, quinolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyridopyrazinyl, pyrazinopyrazinyl, isoquinolyl, indolyl, carbazolyl, N-arylcarbazolyl, N-heteroarylcarbazolyl, N-alkylcarbazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzothienyl, dibenzothienyl, thienothiphenyl, benzofuranyl, phenanthrolinyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, phenothiazinyl, dibenzothiaril and / or dibenzofuranyl, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0108] In the present disclosure, the above description of an aryl group can be applied to an arylene group, except that the arylene group is a divalent group. The above description of a heteroaryl group can be applied to a heteroarylene group, except that the heteroarylene group is a divalent group.

[0109] In the present disclosure, the silyl group may include an alkylsilyl group and / or an arylsilyl group. The alkyl group in the alkylsilyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylsilyl group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylsilyl group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20 or 6 to 15. Examples of silyl groups may include trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, vinyldimethylsilyl, propyldimethylsilyl, triphenylsilyl, diphenylsilyl and / or phenylsilyl, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0110] In the present disclosure, a thio group may include an alkylthio group and / or an arylthio group. A thio group may refer to an alkyl group or an aryl group as defined above bonded to a sulfur atom. The alkyl group in the alkylthio group may be linear, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylthio group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylthio group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of thio groups may include methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, pentylthio, hexylthio, octylthio, dodecylthio, cyclopentylthio, cyclohexylthio, phenylthio, and / or naphthylthio, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0111] In the present disclosure, an oxy group may refer to an alkyl group or an aryl group defined above that is bonded to an oxygen atom. The oxy group may include an alkoxy group and / or an aryloxy group. The alkoxy group may be linear, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the aryloxy group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of oxy groups may include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, and / or benzyloxy, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0112] As used herein, a boryl group may refer to an alkyl or aryl group defined above that is bonded to a boron atom. The boryl group may include an alkylboryl group and / or an arylboryl group. The alkyl group in the alkylboryl group may be linear, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylboryl group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylboryl group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of boryl groups may include dimethylboryl, diethylboryl, tert-butylmethylboryl, diphenylboryl, and / or phenylboryl, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0113] In the present disclosure, the number of carbon atoms in the amine group is not particularly limited, and for example, it may be 1 to 30. The amine group may include an alkylamine group and / or an arylamine group. The alkyl group in the alkylamine group may be linear, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylamine group is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylamine group is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of the amine group may include a methylamine group, a dimethylamine group, a phenylamine group, a diphenylamine group, a naphthylamine group, and / or a 9-methyl-anthrylamine group, etc., but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0114] In the specification, a sulfinyl group may refer to an alkyl group or an aryl group defined above in combination with -S(=O)-. The number of carbon atoms of the sulfinyl group is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The sulfinyl group may include an alkylsulfinyl group and an arylsulfinyl group. For example, the sulfinyl group may have the following structure, but is not limited thereto.

[0115]

[0116] In the specification, a sulfonyl group may refer to an alkyl group or an aryl group defined above in combination with -S(=O)2-. The number of carbon atoms in the sulfonyl group is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The sulfonyl group may include an alkylsulfonyl group and an arylsulfonyl group. For example, the sulfonyl group may have the following structure, but is not limited thereto.

[0117]

[0118] In the specification, the phosphine oxide group may refer to an alkyl group or an aryl group defined above in combination with -P(=O)-. The number of carbon atoms of the phosphine oxide group is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The phosphine oxide group may include an alkyl phosphine oxide group and an aryl phosphine oxide group. For example, the phosphine oxide group may have the following structure, but is not limited thereto.

[0119]

[0120] In the specification, the phosphinyl sulfide group may refer to an alkyl group or an aryl group defined above in combination with -P(=S)-. The number of carbon atoms of the phosphinyl sulfide group is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The phosphinyl sulfide group may include an alkylphosphinyl sulfide group and an arylphosphinyl sulfide group. For example, the phosphinyl sulfide group may have the following structure, but is not limited thereto.

[0121]

[0122] In the present disclosure, the alkyl group in the alkoxy group, alkylthio group, alkylsulfonyl group, alkylsulfinyl group, alkylaryl group, alkylamine group, alkylboryl group, alkylsilyl group, alkylphosphine oxide group, alkylphosphine sulfide group, and alkylamine group may be the same as exemplified above.

[0123] In the present disclosure, the aryl group in the aryloxy group, arylthio group, arylsulfonyl group, arylsulfinyl group, arylamine group, arylboryl group, arylsilyl group, arylphosphine oxide group, arylphosphinesulfide group, and arylamine group may be the same as exemplified above.

[0124] As used herein, a dibenzofuranyl group may be substituted, and adjacent substituents may be bonded together to form a fused ring structure. That is, the term "substituted dibenzofuranyl" as used herein includes the case where two adjacent substituents in a substituted dibenzofuranyl group may be bonded together to form a fused ring structure. For example, a dibenzofuranyl group may be substituted, and two adjacent substituents may be bonded together to form a fused ring structure as shown below. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0125]

[0126] As used herein, a dibenzothiophenyl group may be substituted, and adjacent substituents may be bonded together to form a fused ring structure. That is, the term "substituted dibenzothiophenyl group" as used herein includes the case where two adjacent substituents in a substituted dibenzothiophenyl group may be bonded together to form a fused ring structure. For example, a dibenzothiophenyl group may be substituted, and two adjacent substituents may be bonded together to form a fused ring structure as shown below. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0127]

[0128] As used herein, naphthylphenyl groups may be substituted, and adjacent substituents may be bonded together to form a fused ring structure. That is, the term "substituted naphthylphenyl" as used herein includes situations in which two adjacent substituents in a substituted naphthylphenyl group may be bonded together to form a fused ring structure. For example, naphthylphenyl groups may be substituted, and two adjacent substituents may be bonded together to form a fused ring structure as shown below. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0129]

[0130] In this disclosure, a direct connection may refer to a single bond.

[0131] In this disclosure, and "-*" each refer to the location to be linked.

[0132] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.In the present disclosure, the terms "display apparatus" and "display device" are used interchangeably.

[0133] Figure 1 1 is a plan view illustrating a display device DD according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the display device DD. Figure 2 To explain Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional view of the display device DD taken along line II'.

[0134] The display device DD may include a display panel DP and an optical layer PP disposed on the display panel DP. The display panel DP may include light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The display device DD may include a plurality of light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The optical layer PP may be disposed on the display panel DP to control light reflected in the display panel DP due to external light. The optical layer PP may include, for example, a polarizing layer and / or a color filter layer. In one or more embodiments, the optical layer PP may not be provided in the display device DD.

[0135] The base substrate BL may be disposed on the optical layer PP. The base substrate BL may be a member providing a base surface, and the optical layer PP is disposed on the base surface. The base substrate BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the base substrate BL may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. In one or more embodiments, the base substrate BL may not be provided.

[0136] The display device DD according to one or more embodiments may further include a filling layer. The filling layer may be disposed between the display element layer DP-ED and the base substrate BL. The filling layer may be an organic material layer. The filling layer may include at least one of an acrylic resin, a silicone resin, and an epoxy resin.

[0137] The display panel DP may include a base layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the base layer BS, and a display element layer DP-ED. The display element layer DP-ED may include a pixel defining layer PDL, light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 arranged between respective portions of the pixel defining layer PDL, and an encapsulation layer TFE arranged on the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3.

[0138] The base layer BS may be a member providing a base surface, and the display element layer DP-ED is arranged on the base surface. The base layer BS may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the base layer BS may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer.

[0139] In one or more embodiments, the circuit layer DP-CL may be arranged on the base layer BS, and the circuit layer DP-CL may include a plurality of transistors. Each of the plurality of transistors may include a control electrode, an input electrode, and an output electrode. For example, in one or more embodiments, the circuit layer DP-CL may include a switching transistor and a driving transistor for driving the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 of the display element layer DP-ED.

[0140] Each of the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may have a configuration according to a method described in more detail later. Figures 3 to 6 Each of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, respective light-emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2.

[0141] Figure 2One or more embodiments are described in which the respective light-emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 are arranged in the opening OH defined in the pixel-defining film PDL, and the hole transport region HTR, the electron transport region ETR, and the second electrode EL2 are each provided as a common layer in the entire light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, in one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR and the electron transport region ETR may each be provided by patterning in the opening OH defined in the pixel-defining film PDL. For example, the hole transport region HTR, the respective light-emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B, and the electron transport region ETR of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 in one or more embodiments may be provided by patterning in an inkjet printing method.

[0142] The encapsulation layer TFE may cover the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The encapsulation layer TFE may seal the elements of the display element layer DP-ED (e.g., the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3). The encapsulation layer TFE may be a thin film encapsulation layer. The encapsulation layer TFE may be formed by laminating one or more layers. The encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one insulating layer. The encapsulation layer TFE according to one or more embodiments may include at least one inorganic film (hereinafter, encapsulation-inorganic film). The encapsulation layer TFE according to one or more embodiments may include at least one organic film (hereinafter, encapsulation-organic film) and at least one encapsulation-inorganic film.

[0143] The encapsulation-inorganic film protects the display element layer DP-ED from moisture / oxygen, and the encapsulation-organic film protects the display element layer DP-ED from foreign matter (e.g., dust particles). The encapsulation-inorganic film may include silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, and / or aluminum oxide, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not specifically limited thereto. In one or more embodiments, the encapsulation-organic film may include an acrylic compound and / or an epoxy compound, etc. In one or more embodiments, the encapsulation-organic film may include a photopolymerizable organic material, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not specifically limited thereto.

[0144] The encapsulation layer TFE may be disposed on the second electrode EL2 and may be disposed to fill the open holes OH.

[0145] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, the display device DD may include a non-emission area NPXA and emission areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. The emission areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be areas where light generated by the respective light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 is emitted. On a plane (e.g., in a plan view), the emission areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be spaced and / or separated (e.g., spaced apart or separated) from each other.

[0146] Each of the light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be an area divided by the pixel-defining film PDL. The non-light-emitting area NPXA may be an area corresponding to the pixel-defining film PDL between the adjacent light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may correspond to pixels, respectively. The pixel-defining film PDL may divide the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The respective light-emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may be arranged in the openings OH defined in the pixel-defining film PDL and separated from each other.

[0147] The light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be divided into a plurality of groups according to the colors of the lights generated from the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the display device DD of one or more embodiments illustrated in FIG, three light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B that emit red, green, and blue light, respectively, are schematically illustrated. For example, the display device DD of one or more embodiments may include a red light-emitting region PXA-R, a green light-emitting region PXA-G, and a blue light-emitting region PXA-B that are separated from each other.

[0148] In a display device DD according to one or more embodiments, a plurality of light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light beams having different wavelength ranges. For example, in one or more embodiments, the display device DD may include a first light-emitting element ED-1 that emits red light, a second light-emitting element ED-2 that emits green light, and a third light-emitting element ED-3 that emits blue light. For example, the red light-emitting region PXA-R, the green light-emitting region PXA-G, and the blue light-emitting region PXA-B of the display device DD may correspond to the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3, respectively.

[0149] However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light beams in substantially the same wavelength range, or at least one light-emitting element may emit a light beam in a wavelength range different from the other wavelength ranges. For example, in one or more embodiments, the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may all emit blue light.

[0150] The light emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B in the display device DD according to one or more embodiments may be arranged in a stripe form. Figure 1 , a plurality of red light-emitting areas PXA-R may be arranged along the second direction axis DR2, a plurality of green light-emitting areas PXA-G may be arranged along the second direction axis DR2, and a plurality of blue light-emitting areas PXA-B may be arranged along the second direction axis DR2. In addition, the red light-emitting areas PXA-R, the green light-emitting areas PXA-G, and the blue light-emitting areas PXA-B may be alternately arranged along the first direction axis DR1 in the following order.

[0151] Figure 1 and Figure 2 Although all of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B have the same area, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Therefore, the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may have different areas from each other depending on the wavelength range of the emitted light. The area of ​​the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may refer to the area if observed on the plane defined by the first and second direction axes DR1 and DR2 (e.g., the area when observed on the plane defined by the first and second direction axes DR1 and DR2) (e.g., the area in a plan view of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B). The third direction axis DR3 may be perpendicular to the plane defined by the first and second direction axes DR1 and DR2.

[0152] In one or more embodiments, the arrangement of the light emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B is not limited to Figure 1 The configuration explained in the above description may be provided, and the order of arranging the red light-emitting areas PXA-R, the green light-emitting areas PXA-G, and the blue light-emitting areas PXA-B may be provided in one or more appropriate combinations according to the characteristics of the display quality desired or required in the display device DD. For example, in one or more embodiments, the arrangement of the light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be in a honeycomb pattern. Arrangement form (for example, RGBG matrix, RGBG structure or RGBG matrix structure) or diamond ) arrangement (e.g., a display (e.g., an OLED display) containing red, green, and blue (RGB) light-emitting areas arranged in a diamond shape). Diamond is a registered trademark of Samsung Display Co., Ltd. It is an officially registered trademark of Samsung Display Co., Ltd.

[0153] In one or more embodiments, the areas of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be different from each other. For example, in one or more embodiments, the area of ​​the green light-emitting region PXA-G may be smaller than the area of ​​the blue light-emitting region PXA-B, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0154] Below, Figures 3 to 6 Each is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments may include a first electrode EL1, a second electrode EL2 opposite to the first electrode EL1 (e.g., arranged on the first electrode EL1), and at least one functional layer between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. The light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments may include an amine compound according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, which will be explained later, in at least one functional layer.

[0155] In one or more embodiments, the light emitting element ED may include a hole transport region HTR, an emission layer EML, and / or an electron transport region ETR stacked in sequence (eg, in the order described) as at least one functional layer. Figure 3 The light emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a light emitting layer EML, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in the order recited.

[0156] The light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments may include an amine compound according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, which will be explained later, in the hole transport region HTR between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In addition to the hole transport region HTR, the light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments may include an amine compound according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, which will be explained later, in the light-emitting layer EML or the electron transport region ETR, each serving as a functional layer between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2, or may include an amine compound according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, which will be explained later, in the capping layer CPL on the second electrode EL2.

[0157] and Figure 3 compared to, Figure 4A cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments is illustrated, wherein the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL and a hole transport layer HTL, and the electron transport region ETR includes an electron injection layer EIL and an electron transport layer ETL. Figure 3 compared to, Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments is illustrated, wherein the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL, and an electron blocking layer EBL, and the electron transport region ETR includes an electron injection layer EIL, an electron transport layer ETL, and a hole blocking layer HBL. Figure 4 compared to, Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments is illustrated, which includes the capping layer CPL disposed on the second electrode EL2 .

[0158] The light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments may include an amine compound of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, which will be explained later, in the hole transport region HTR. In the light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, and the electron blocking layer EBL may include an amine compound of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. In one or more embodiments, a layer adjacent to the light-emitting layer EML selected from the multiple layers included in the hole transport region HTR may contain an amine compound represented by Formula 1 of one or more embodiments. For example, in the light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments, the hole transport layer HTL may include an amine compound represented by Formula 1 of one or more embodiments. That is, in one or more embodiments, the light-emitting element ED may include a disclosed amine compound in the hole transport region HTR. The amine compound may be present in at least one of the hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, and the electron blocking layer EBL. Specifically, for example, a layer adjacent to the emission layer EML in the hole transport region HTR may contain an amine compound represented by Formula 1. For example, the hole transport layer HTL in the light-emitting element ED may include the amine compound.

[0159] The first electrode EL1 has conductivity (e.g., is a conductor). The first electrode EL1 may be formed of a metal material, a metal alloy, and / or a conductive compound. The first electrode EL1 may be an anode or a cathode. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In one or more embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may be a pixel electrode. The first electrode EL1 may be a transmissive electrode, a transflective electrode, or a reflective electrode. The first electrode EL1 may include at least one selected from the group consisting of silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), lithium fluoride (LiF), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), indium (In), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn), a compound selected from two or more thereof, a mixture selected from two or more thereof, and / or an oxide thereof.

[0160] If the first electrode EL1 is a transmissive electrode (for example, when the first electrode EL1 is a transmissive electrode), the first electrode EL1 may include a transparent metal oxide (for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and / or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO). If the first electrode EL1 is a transflective electrode or a reflective electrode (for example, when the first electrode EL1 is a transflective electrode or a reflective electrode), the first electrode EL1 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, a compound thereof, or a mixture thereof (for example, a mixture of Ag and Mg), or a material having a multilayer structure, such as LiF / Ca (a stack structure of LiF and Ca) or LiF / Al (a stack structure of LiF and Al). In one or more embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may have a multilayer structure including a reflective film or a transflective film formed of one or more of the above materials, and a transparent conductive film formed of ITO, IZO, ZnO and / or ITZO. For example, in one or more embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In one or more embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may include one of the above metal materials, one or more combinations of at least two of the above metal materials, and / or any oxide of the above metal materials. The thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be about 1000 nm. to about For example, in one or more embodiments, the thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be about 100 Å. to about

[0161] The hole transport region HTR may be provided on the first electrode EL1. The hole transport region HTR may include at least one of a hole injection layer HIL, a hole transport layer HTL, a buffer layer (emission auxiliary layer), and an electron blocking layer EBL. The thickness of the hole transport region HTR may be, for example, about 100 Å. to about

[0162] The hole transport region HTR may have a single-layer structure of a single layer formed of a single material, a single-layer structure of a single layer formed of a plurality of different materials, or a multi-layer structure including a plurality of layers formed of a plurality of different materials.

[0163] For example, in one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may have a single-layer structure of a hole injection layer HIL or a hole transport layer HTL, or may have a single-layer structure formed of a hole injection material and a hole transport material. In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may have a single-layer structure formed of a plurality of different materials, or a structure in which hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL, hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / buffer layer, hole injection layer HIL / buffer layer, hole transport layer HTL / buffer layer, or hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / electron blocking layer EBL are stacked in this order (e.g., in the order described) from the first electrode EL1, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0164] The thickness of the hole transport region HTR may be, for example, about to about The hole transport region HTR may be formed using one or more appropriate methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Brockett (LB) method, inkjet printing, laser printing, and / or laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) method.

[0165] The light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments may include the amine compound according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure in the hole transport region HTR. In the light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may include a hole injection layer HIL and a hole transport layer HTL, and the hole transport layer HTL may include the amine compound according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The amine compound according to one or more embodiments may be included in a layer adjacent to the light-emitting layer EML among the layers included in the hole transport region HTR.

[0166] The amine compound according to one or more embodiments may include an amine group, and may further include a first substituent, a second substituent, and a third substituent each connected to the amine group. For example, the amine compound according to one or more embodiments may include an amine group (which includes a core nitrogen atom), and may include a structure in which the first substituent, the second substituent, and the third substituent are all bonded to the core nitrogen atom.

[0167] The first substituent can comprise benzene moiety, and be connected to substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl and unsubstituted phenyl of benzene moiety separately.In the first substituent, substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl and unsubstituted phenyl can be connected to benzene moiety and be ortho relation each other.In addition, in the first substituent, be selected from any one in substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl and unsubstituted phenyl and can be connected to benzene moiety at para position relative to nitrogen-atoms, and another can be connected to benzene moiety at ortho position relative to above-mentioned any one.The first substituent can be connected to the core nitrogen atom of amido through linker, or can be directly connected to the core nitrogen atom without other linker.

[0168] The first substituent can be represented by formula S1. In formula S1, the substituent is selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 Any one of the may be a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl group and the other may be an unsubstituted phenyl group. For example, in one or more embodiments, in formula S1, Ar 1 may be substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl, and Ar 2 It may be an unsubstituted phenyl group. In one or more embodiments, in Formula S1, Ar 1 may be unsubstituted phenyl, and Ar 2 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl group. As illustrated in Formula S1, the first substituent in the amine compound according to one or more embodiments may be directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amine group at the "a1" position, or may be bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amine group at the "a1" position via a linker. Here, for convenience of description, the substituents that may be substituted on the benzene portion are omitted in Formula S1. Unlike Formula S1, in one or more embodiments, the benzene portion in the first substituent may have at least one substituent other than hydrogen.

[0169] Formula S1

[0170]

[0171] In the amine compound according to one or more embodiments, the second substituent and the third substituent may each be directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amine group. For example, each of the second substituent and the third substituent may be directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amine group without an additional linker. In one or more embodiments, the second substituent and the third substituent may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. In the present disclosure, the second substituent may refer to the group represented by Ar in Formula 1, which will be described in more detail later. 3 The third substituent may refer to a substituent represented by Ar in Formula 1 which will be described in more detail later. 4 Represents a substituent.

[0172] Because the amine compound according to one or more embodiments includes a first substituent, the charge balance can be advantageously adjusted due to steric effects, thereby exhibiting excellent or appropriate charge transport capabilities and achieving high thermal stability. For example, the amine compound according to one or more embodiments includes a first substituent comprising a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl group and an unsubstituted phenyl group bonded to a benzene moiety in a specific positional relationship, thereby exhibiting excellent or appropriate charge transport capabilities and material stability. Thus, this structural configuration can contribute to improved high luminous efficiency and long device life of light-emitting elements (EDs).

[0173] The amine compound according to one or more embodiments may be a monoamine compound including one (eg, just one) amine group.The amine compound according to one or more embodiments may be a monoamine compound containing only one amine group present in its molecular structure.

[0174] In one or more embodiments, the amine compound may be represented by Formula 1.

[0175] Formula 1

[0176]

[0177] In Formula 1, selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 Any one of the following may be represented by Formula 2 or Formula 3, and the other may be an unsubstituted phenyl group. For example, in one or more embodiments, the group selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 In one or more embodiments, one of the groups selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 One of them is represented by Formula 3, and the other is an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0178] In formula 1, Ar 3 and Ar4 Each of Ar and Ar may be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 3 and Ar 4 Each of the groups may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group.

[0179] In one or more embodiments, if Ar 3 and Ar 4 Each of the 3 and Ar 4 When each of the 3 and Ar 4 Each of the substituents in may independently be deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl.

[0180] In Formula 1, L may be a directly attached, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, L may be a directly attached, substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group.

[0181] In formula 1, R 1 Can be hydrogen, deuterium or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, R 1 It may be hydrogen.

[0182] In Formula 1, n1 may be an integer selected from 0 to 3. If n1 is 0 (eg, when n1 is 0), the amine compound according to one or more embodiments may not be R 1 Wherein n1 in Formula 1 is 3 and R 1 The embodiment in which all are hydrogen may be the same as the embodiment in which n1 in Formula 1 is 0. If n1 is an integer of 2 or greater (for example, when n1 is an integer of 2 or greater), the plurality of R 1 Can be the same, or selected from multiple R 1 At least one of may be different.

[0183] Formula 2

[0184]

[0185] Formula 3

[0186]

[0187] In Equations 2 and 3, R 2 and R 3 and R are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 2 and R 3 Each may be hydrogen.

[0188] In Formula 2 and Formula 3, n2 and n3 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 9. If n2 and n3 are each 0 (for example, when n2 and n3 are each 0), the amine compound according to one or more embodiments may not be R 2 and R 3 Each of the substitutions in Formula 2 and Formula 3 wherein n2 and n3 are each 9 and R 2 and R 3 The embodiment in which each is hydrogen may be the same as the embodiment in which n2 and n3 in Formula 2 and Formula 3 are each 0. If n2 and n3 are each an integer of 2 or greater (for example, when n2 and n3 are each an integer of 2 or greater), each is provided as a plurality of R 2 and R 3 Can be the same or selected from multiple R 2 and R 3 At least one of may be different.

[0189] In Formula 2 and Formula 3, -* may be a position connected to Formula 1.

[0190] In the amine compound represented by Formula 1 according to one or more embodiments, if selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 Any one of which is represented by Formula 3 (e.g., selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 When any one of the following is represented by Formula 3), selected from Ar 3 and Ar 4At least one of may include a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted 9-phenylcarbazolyl or a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl. For example, as shown below, if the phenanthrene moiety in the amine compound according to one or more embodiments is connected to the phenylene linker via the carbon atom at the "a2" position (for example, when the phenanthrene moiety in the amine compound according to one or more embodiments is connected to the phenylene linker via the carbon atom at the "a2" position), the phenanthrene moiety selected from Ar 3 and Ar 4 At least one of the formula 3 may include a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 9-phenylcarbazolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl group. In the present disclosure, the phenanthrene portion represented by Formula 3 may be referred to as a 9-phenanthrene group.

[0191]

[0192] In one or more embodiments, as used herein, "substituent a contains substituent b" means that substituent a is substituent b or substituent a contains substituent b as a substituent. For example, in Formula 1, if selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 Any one of which is represented by Formula 3 (e.g., selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 When any one of the following is represented by Formula 3), selected from Ar 3 and Ar 4 At least one of the groups may be a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted 9-phenylcarbazolyl or a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group selected from Ar 3 and Ar 4 At least one of the groups may be substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothienyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 9-phenylcarbazolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl group.

[0193] Among the amine compounds represented by Formula 1, if selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 Any one of which is a 9-phenanthroline group (e.g., selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 When any one of the groups is a 9-phenanthryl group), the molecule is distorted, and thus the thermal stability of the amine compound may be deteriorated. However, according to the present disclosure, if the group selected from Ar 1 and Ar2 Any one of which is represented by Formula 3 (e.g., selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 When any one of the following is represented by Formula 3), selected from Ar 3 and Ar 4 At least one of the groups may include a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 9-phenylcarbazolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl group. As such, the thermal stability of the amine compound represented by Formula 1 can be ensured. Therefore, if the amine compound according to one or more embodiments is applied to the light-emitting element ED (for example, when the amine compound according to one or more embodiments is applied to the light-emitting element ED), the characteristics of high luminous efficiency and long element life can be achieved.

[0194] In the amine compound represented by Formula 1 according to one or more embodiments, Ar 3 and Ar 4 Each does not contain (for example, each excludes) a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing six-membered heterocycle, a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl group, and a boron-containing group (for example, a boronic acid group or a boronic acid derivative group). In the amine compound represented by Formula 1 according to one or more embodiments, excluding those selected from Ar 3 and Ar 4 At least one (e.g., any one) of the formula (s) includes a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing six-membered heterocycle, a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl group, and / or a boron-containing group (e.g., a boron-containing derivative). For example, in Formula 1, the group selected from Ar 3 and Ar 4 At least one (eg, any one) is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing six-membered heterocycle, a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl group and / or a boron-containing group (eg, a boron-containing derivative), or is selected from Ar 3 and Ar 4 At least one (e.g., any one) of includes a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing six-membered heterocycle, a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl group and / or a boron-containing group (e.g., a boron-containing derivative) as a substituent. For example, in Formula 1, Ar 3 and Ar 4 including pyridyl (e.g., ), 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl (e.g., ) and / or boronic acid groups (e.g., -*B(OH)2). 3 and Ar 4When each of includes a substituent as described above, the hole transport properties and thermal stability of the molecule deteriorate, and thus such an amine compound may be a hole transport material unsuitable for a light-emitting element ED. According to the present disclosure, since the Ar 3 and Ar 4 In the case of including a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing six-membered heterocycle, a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl group, and / or a boron-containing group (e.g., a boron-containing derivative), the hole transport properties and thermal stability of the amine compound can be improved. Therefore, if the amine compound according to one or more embodiments is applied to a light-emitting element ED (e.g., when the amine compound according to one or more embodiments is applied to a light-emitting element ED), high luminous efficiency and long element life can be achieved.

[0195] When the amine compound represented by Formula 1 according to one or more embodiments includes a four-membered fused heterocycle, the four-membered fused heterocycle is directly bonded to the nitrogen atom in Formula 1. For example, if the amine compound represented by Formula 1 according to one or more embodiments includes a four-membered fused heterocycle (for example, when the amine compound represented by Formula 1 according to one or more embodiments includes a four-membered fused heterocycle), the four-membered fused heterocycle may be directly bonded to the nitrogen atom in Formula 1 without an additional linker. In the present disclosure, the term "four-membered fused heterocycle" may refer to a fused heterocycle including four rings fused together.

[0196] In one or more embodiments, if the amine compound represented by Formula 1 includes a four-membered fused heterocyclic ring (for example, when the amine compound represented by Formula 1 includes a four-membered fused heterocyclic ring), the four-membered fused heterocyclic ring may correspond to a ring selected from Ar 3 and Ar 4 For example, if the amine compound represented by Formula 1 according to one or more embodiments includes a four-membered fused heterocyclic ring such as (benzonaphthothiophene) (for example, when the amine compound represented by Formula 1 according to one or more embodiments includes a four-membered fused heterocyclic ring such as (benzonaphthothiophene)), the four-membered fused heterocyclic ring may correspond to a ring selected from Ar 3 and Ar 4When a heterocycle having high planarity (e.g., a four-membered fused heterocycle) is connected to an amine group via a linker, intermolecular interactions excessively increase (or significantly increase), and thus the deposition temperature may increase, which may cause increased decomposition of molecules during deposition. However, in the present disclosure, if the amine compound according to one or more embodiments includes a four-membered fused heterocycle (e.g., when the amine compound according to one or more embodiments includes a four-membered fused heterocycle), the four-membered fused heterocycle is directly connected to the nitrogen atom of the amine group; as a result, intermolecular interactions can be suppressed or significantly reduced. Therefore, if the amine compound according to one or more embodiments is applied to a light-emitting element ED (e.g., when the amine compound according to one or more embodiments is applied to a light-emitting element ED), characteristics of high luminous efficiency and long element life can be achieved.

[0197] In the amine compound represented by Formula 1 according to one or more embodiments, excluding the amine compound selected from Ar 3 and Ar 4 For example, in the amine compound according to one or more embodiments, excluding the case where the amine compound selected from Ar 3 and Ar 4 The case where at least one of them is represented by formula P-1.

[0198] Formula P-1

[0199]

[0200] In addition to Ar 1 or Ar 2 In addition, when the amine compound represented by Formula 1 according to one or more embodiments includes an additional phenanthryl group, the case where the additional phenanthryl group is directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amine group is excluded. 1 or Ar 2 In addition, when an additional phenanthrene group is directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amine group, it may cause an increase in intermolecular interaction and thus an excessive increase (or significant increase) in the deposition temperature. 3 and Ar 4 At least one of the substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl groups can suppress or reduce an excessive increase in deposition temperature due to intermolecular interactions, thereby improving the lifespan and luminous efficiency of the light-emitting element.

[0201] In one or more embodiments, the amine compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 2-1 or Formula 2-2.

[0202] Formula 2-1

[0203]

[0204] Formula 2-2

[0205]

[0206] Formula 2-1 and Formula 2-2 show the Ar in Formula 1. 1 and Ar 2 The type (kind) of the case. Formula 2-1 corresponds to the case where Ar 1 Represented by Formula 2 or Formula 3 and Ar 2 Formula 2-2 corresponds to the case where Ar 1 is an unsubstituted phenyl group and Ar 2 The situation expressed by Equation 2 or Equation 3.

[0207] In formula 1, R 1 、n1、L、Ar 1 、Ar 2 、Ar 3 and Ar 4 The description of can be similarly applied to Formula 2-1 and Formula 2-2. In other words, R in Formula 2-1 and Formula 2-2 1 、n1、L、Ar 1 、Ar 2 、Ar 3 and Ar 4 may each independently be the same as defined in Formula 1.

[0208] In formula 2-1 and formula 2-2, Ar 3 and Ar 4 Each of Ar and Ar may be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 3 and Ar 4 Each of the groups may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group.

[0209] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 2-1 and Formula 2-2, if Ar 3 and Ar 4 Each of the 3 and Ar 4 When each of the 3 and Ar 4The substituent of each of the groups may be deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothienyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl group.

[0210] In one or more embodiments, the amine compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 3.

[0211] Formula 3

[0212]

[0213] Formula 3 presents the formula in which R in Formula 1 is indicated 1 Type(kind) of situation.

[0214] In formula 3, R 1a 、R 1b and R 1c Can be each independently hydrogen or deuterium. For example, in one or more embodiments, R 1a 、R 1b and R 1c Each may be hydrogen.

[0215] In formula 1, L and Ar 1 、Ar 2 、Ar 3 and Ar 4 The description of can be similarly applied to formula 3. In other words, L, Ar in formula 3 1 、Ar 2 、Ar 3 and Ar 4 may each independently be the same as defined in Formula 1.

[0216] In one or more embodiments, the amine compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by any one selected from Formula 4-1 to Formula 4-4.

[0217] Formula 4-1

[0218]

[0219] Formula 4-2

[0220]

[0221] Formula 4-3

[0222]

[0223] Formula 4-4

[0224]

[0225] In formula 4-3 and formula 4-4, Ar 3a and Ar 4a Each independently may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0226] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 4-3 and Formula 4-4, selected from Ar 3a and Ar 4a At least one of the groups contains a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted 9-phenylcarbazolyl or a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl. For example, in one or more embodiments, the group selected from Ar 3a and Ar 4a At least one of the groups may be a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted 9-phenylcarbazolyl or a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl, or selected from Ar 3a and Ar 4a At least one of the groups may be substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothienyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 9-phenylcarbazolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl group.

[0227] In the above formula 1, R 1 、n1、L、Ar 1 、Ar 2 、Ar 3 and Ar 4 The description of can be similarly applied to equations 4-1 to 4-4. In other words, R in equations 4-1 to 4-4 1 、n1、L、Ar 1 、Ar 2 、Ar 3 and Ar 4 may each independently be the same as defined in Formula 1.

[0228] In the above formula 2 and formula 3, R 2 、R 3 The description of n2 and n3 can be similarly applied to equations 4-1 to 4-4. In other words, R in equations 4-1 to 4-4 is 2 、R 3 , n2 and n3 may each independently be the same as defined in Formula 2 and Formula 3.

[0229] In one or more embodiments, the amine compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by any one selected from Formula 5-1 to Formula 5-3.

[0230] Formula 5-1

[0231]

[0232] Formula 5-2

[0233]

[0234] Formula 5-3

[0235]

[0236] Formulas 5-1 to 5-3 show the Ar in Formula 1. 3 Type(kind) of situation.

[0237] In Formula 5-1 to Formula 5-3, R 4 to R 8 and R are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 4 may be hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl, substituted or unsubstituted 9-phenylcarbazolyl or substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl, and R 5 to R 8 and may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0238] In formula 5-3, Z can be O, S, NR 9 or CR 10 R 11 .

[0239] In formula 5-3, R 9 to R 11 Each of R and R is independently substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 9 to R 11 Each independently may be substituted or unsubstituted phenyl.

[0240] In Formula 5-1, n4 is an integer selected from 0 to 5. If n4 is 0 (for example, when n4 is 0), the amine compound according to one or more embodiments may not be R 4Wherein n4 in Formula 5-1 is 5 and R 4 The embodiment in which all are hydrogen may be the same as the embodiment in which n4 of Formula 5-1 is 0. If n4 is an integer of 2 or greater (for example, when n4 is an integer of 2 or greater), the plurality of R 4 Can be the same, or selected from multiple R 4 At least one of may be different.

[0241] In Formula 5-2 and Formula 5-3, n5 and n8 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4. If n5 and n8 are each 0 (for example, when n5 and n8 are each 0), the amine compound according to one or more embodiments may not be R 5 and R 8 Each of the substitutions in Formula 5-2 and Formula 5-3 wherein n5 and n8 are each 4 and R 5 and R 8 The embodiment in which each of is hydrogen may be the same as the embodiment in which n5 and n8 in Formula 5-2 and Formula 5-3 are each 0. If n5 and n8 are each an integer of 2 or greater (for example, when n5 and n8 are each an integer of 2 or greater), each is provided as a plurality of R 5 and R 8 Can be the same, or selected from multiple R 5 and multiple R 8 At least one of may be different.

[0242] In Formula 5-2, n6 is an integer selected from 0 to 7. If n6 ​​is 0 (for example, when n6 is 0), the amine compound according to one or more embodiments may not be R 6 Wherein n6 in formula 5-2 is 7 and R 6 The embodiment in which all are hydrogen can be the same as the embodiment in which n6 in Formula 5-2 is 0. If n6 ​​is an integer of 2 or greater (for example, when n6 is an integer of 2 or greater), the plurality of R 6 Can be the same, or selected from multiple R 6 At least one of may be different.

[0243] In Formula 5-3, n7 is an integer selected from 0 to 3. If n7 is 0 (for example, when n7 is 0), the amine compound according to one or more embodiments may not be R 7 Wherein n7 in formula 5-3 is 3 and R 7 The embodiment in which all are hydrogen can be the same as the embodiment in which n7 in Formula 5-3 is 0. If n7 is an integer of 2 or greater (for example, when n7 is an integer of 2 or greater), the plurality of R 7 Can be the same, or selected from multiple R 7 At least one of may be different.

[0244] In formula 5-1, if Ar 1 and Ar 2 Any one of which is represented by Formula 3 (e.g., selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 When any one of the following is expressed by Formula 3), R 4 It may be a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 9-phenylcarbazolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl group.

[0245] In formula 1, R 1 、n1、L、Ar 1 、Ar 2 and Ar 4 The description of can be similarly applied to equations 5-1 to 5-3. In other words, R in equations 5-1 to 5-3 is 1 、n1、L、Ar 1 、Ar 2 、Ar 3 and Ar 4 may each independently be the same as defined in Formula 1.

[0246] In one or more embodiments, the amine compound represented by Formula 1 may include at least one deuterium as a substituent. The amine compound represented by Formula 1 according to one or more embodiments may include a structure in which at least one hydrogen is substituted with deuterium.

[0247] In one or more embodiments, the amine compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 6, and the amine compound may satisfy any one selected from the combinations present in Compound Combination Table 1.

[0248] The hole transport region HTR of the light-emitting element ED may include at least one amine compound selected from the combinations listed in Compound Combination Table 1. For example, in one or more embodiments, at least one amine compound selected from the combinations listed in Compound Combination Table 1 may be included in the hole transport layer HRL of the light-emitting element ED.

[0249] Formula 6

[0250]

[0251] In formula 6, Ar i Can be any one selected from the substituent group A, Ar ii can be any one selected from the substituent group B, and Ar iiiIt can be any one selected from Substituent Group C. The superscripts used in Substituent Group A, Substituent Group B and Substituent Group C correspond to the reference marks used for the respective substituent moieties in Compound Combination Table 1. For example, in Compound Combination Table 1, 1 to 11 in Column A represent A in Substituent Group A, 1 To A 11 , 1-13 in column B represent B in substituent group B 1 To B 13 , and 1-34 in column C represent C in substituent group C respectively. 1 to C 34 .

[0252] Substituent Group A

[0253]

[0254] Substituent Group B

[0255]

[0256] Substituent Group C

[0257]

[0258]

[0259] In substituent group A, substituent group B, and substituent group C, -* is a position connected to N in Formula 6.

[0260] Compound combination table 1

[0261]

[0262]

[0263]

[0264]

[0265]

[0266]

[0267]

[0268]

[0269]

[0270]

[0271]

[0272]

[0273]

[0274]

[0275]

[0276]

[0277]

[0278] The amine compound according to one or more embodiments includes a first substituent, a second substituent, and a third substituent each connected to a core nitrogen atom of the amine compound, and thus can achieve improvement in high luminous efficiency and long element life of a light emitting element ED.

[0279] The amine compound according to one or more embodiments includes an amine group and has a structure in which a first substituent, a second substituent and a third substituent are bonded to the amine group. In the amine compound represented by Formula 1 according to one or more embodiments, the first substituent may include a benzene moiety and a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl and an unsubstituted phenyl group each connected to the benzene moiety. In this regard, substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl and unsubstituted phenyl may be connected to the benzene moiety and be ortho-relationships to each other. In addition, in the first substituent, one selected from substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl and unsubstituted phenyl may be connected to the benzene moiety at the para position relative to the nitrogen atom, and the other may be connected to the benzene moiety with an ortho position relative to one of the above-mentioned substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl and unsubstituted phenyl groups.

[0280] The amine compounds according to one or more embodiments can have excellent or appropriate thermal stability and high charge transport capability due to the introduction of such substituents and their designated substitution positions. Therefore, the amine compounds according to one or more embodiments can provide improved luminous efficiency and device life for the light-emitting device ED. Furthermore, the light-emitting device ED according to one or more embodiments that includes the amine compounds according to one or more embodiments can have improved luminous efficiency and device life.

[0281] Return Reference Figures 3 to 6 , the light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure will be further described.

[0282] As described above, the hole transport region HTR contains the amine compound according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the hole transport region HTR contains the amine compound represented by Formula 1.

[0283] When the hole transport region HTR has a multilayer structure including a plurality of layers, any one layer selected from the plurality of layers may contain the amine compound represented by Formula 1. For example, in one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL disposed on the first electrode EL1 and a hole transport layer HTL disposed on the hole injection layer HIL, and the hole transport layer HTL may include the amine compound represented by Formula 1. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and for example, in one or more embodiments, the hole injection layer HIL may include the amine compound represented by Formula 1.

[0284] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may include one or more amine compounds represented by Formula 1. For example, in one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds listed in the above Compound Combination Table 1.

[0285] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may further include a compound represented by Formula H-1.

[0286] Formula H-1

[0287]

[0288] In formula H-1, L1 and L2 may each independently be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. a and b may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 10. In one or more embodiments, if a and / or b are each an integer of 2 or greater (e.g., when a and / or b are each an integer of 2 or greater), multiple L1 and / or multiple L2 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0289] In formula H-1, Ar a and Ar b and Ar may be each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. c It may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0290] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by formula H-1 may be a monoamine compound. In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by formula H-1 may be a compound selected from Ar a to Arc In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by formula H-1 may be a diamine compound in which Ar a and Ar b At least one of the carbazole compounds includes a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group, or in Ar a and Ar b A fluorene compound in which at least one of the fluorene groups includes a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group.

[0291] The compound represented by formula H-1 may be any one selected from the compounds in compound group H. However, the compounds listed in compound group H are merely examples, and the compound represented by formula H-1 is not limited to the compounds listed in compound group H:

[0292] Compound Group H

[0293]

[0294]

[0295] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may further include an appropriate hole transport material.

[0296] For example, in one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may include one or more selected from the following: a phthalocyanine compound (eg, copper phthalocyanine), N 1 ,N 1 '-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(N 1 -phenyl-N 4 ,N 4 -dimethylphenyl-1,4-diamine) (DNTPD), 4,4',4"-[tris(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4',4"-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), 4,4',4"-tris[N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PAN I / DBSA), polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS), N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), triphenylamine-containing polyetherketone (TPAPEK), 4-isopropyl-4'-methyldiphenyliodonium [tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate] and / or dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN), etc.

[0297] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may include one or more selected from the following: carbazole derivatives (e.g., N-phenylcarbazole and / or polyvinylcarbazole), fluorene derivatives and triphenylamine derivatives (e.g., N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD), 4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), 4,4'-cyclohexylenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)]aniline] (TAPC), 4,4'-bis[N,N'-(3-tolyl)amino]-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD) and / or 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP), etc.).

[0298] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may include one or more selected from 9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-carbazole (CzSi), 9-phenyl-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (CCP) and / or 1,3-bis(1,8-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)benzene (mDCP), etc.

[0299] The hole transport region HTR may include one or more of the above-mentioned compounds of the hole transport region HTR in at least one of the hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, and the electron blocking layer EBL.

[0300] The thickness of the hole transport region HTR may be about to about For example, about to about When the hole transport region HTR includes the hole injection layer HIL, the hole injection layer HIL may have, for example, about to about When the hole transport region HTR includes the hole transport layer HTL, the hole transport layer HTL may have a thickness of about to about For example, if the hole transport region HTR includes the electron blocking layer EBL (for example, when the hole transport region HTR includes the electron blocking layer EBL), the electron blocking layer EBL may have a thickness of about to about If the thickness of the hole transport region HTR, the thickness of the hole injection layer HIL, the thickness of the hole transport layer HTL, and the thickness of the electron blocking layer EBL satisfy the above ranges (for example, when the thickness of the hole transport region HTR, the thickness of the hole injection layer HIL, the thickness of the hole transport layer HTL, and the thickness of the electron blocking layer EBL satisfy the above ranges), satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be achieved without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0301] In one or more embodiments, in addition to the above-mentioned materials, the hole transport region HTR may further include a charge generation material to increase electrical conductivity (e.g., electrical conductivity). The charge generation material may be uniformly (e.g., substantially uniformly) or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport region HTR. The charge generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may include at least one of a metal halide, a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, in one or more embodiments, the p-dopant may include a metal halide (e.g., CuI and / or RbI), a quinone derivative (e.g., tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and / or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ)), a metal oxide (e.g., tungsten oxide and / or molybdenum oxide) and / or a cyano-containing compound (e.g., dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) and / or 4-[[2,3-bis[cyano-(4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)methylene]cyclopropylidene]-cyanomethyl]-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzonitrile (NDP9)), etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0302] As described above, in addition to the hole injection layer HIL and the hole transport layer HTL, the hole transport region HTR may further include at least one of a buffer layer and an electron blocking layer EBL. The buffer layer can compensate for the resonance distance according to the wavelength of light emitted from the light-emitting layer EML, thereby increasing luminous efficiency. Materials that can be included in the hole transport region HTR can also be used as materials included in the buffer layer. The electron blocking layer EBL is a layer used to prevent or reduce electron injection from the electron transport region ETR into the hole transport region HTR.

[0303] The light emitting layer EML may be provided on the hole transport region HTR. The light emitting layer EML may have, for example, approximately to about or about to about The light emitting layer EML may have a single-layer structure of a single layer formed of a single material, a single-layer structure of a single layer formed of a plurality of different materials, or a multi-layer structure of a plurality of layers formed of a plurality of different materials.

[0304] In the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, the light-emitting layer EML may emit blue light. The light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may include the amine compound of one or more embodiments in the hole transport region HTR and thus may exhibit high luminous efficiency and long element life characteristics in the blue emission region. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0305] In the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, the light-emitting layer EML may include at least one of anthracene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, fluoranthene derivatives, 1,2-triphenylene derivatives, dihydrobenzanthracene derivatives, and triphenylene derivatives. For example, in one or more embodiments, the light-emitting layer EML may include one or more anthracene derivatives or one or more pyrene derivatives.

[0306] exist Figures 3 to 6 In the light emitting element ED of the embodiment shown in , the light emitting layer EML may include a host and a dopant, and the light emitting layer EML may include a compound represented by Formula E-1. The compound represented by Formula E-1 may be used as a fluorescent host material.

[0307] Formula E-1

[0308]

[0309] In formula E-1, R 31 to R 40 Each of the following may independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiol, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl of 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl of 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and / or may independently combine with adjacent groups to form a ring. In one or more embodiments, the group selected from R 31 to R 40 One or more of them can each independently combine with an adjacent group to form a saturated hydrocarbon ring, an unsaturated hydrocarbon ring, a saturated heterocyclic ring or an unsaturated heterocyclic ring.

[0310] In Formula E-1, "c" and "d" may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 5.

[0311] The compound represented by Formula E-1 may be any one selected from Compound E1 to Compound E19.

[0312]

[0313]

[0314] In one or more embodiments, the light emitting layer (EML) may include a compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b. The compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b may be used as a host material for a phosphorescent emission layer.

[0315] Formula E-2a

[0316]

[0317] In Formula E-2a, "a" may be an integer selected from 0 to 10, and La may be a directly attached, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, if "a" is an integer of 2 or greater, multiple La may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0318] In addition, in formula E-2a, A1 to A5 may each independently be N or CRi. a to R i Each of the following may independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiol group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and / or may independently combine with adjacent groups to form a ring. In one or more embodiments, the group selected from R a to R i One or more of them can independently combine with adjacent groups to form a hydrocarbon ring or a heterocyclic ring including N, O and / or S as ring atoms.

[0319] In one or more embodiments, in Formula E-2a, two or three selected from A1 to A5 may be N, and the remaining may be CR i .

[0320] Formula E-2b

[0321]

[0322] In Formula E-2b, Cbz1 and Cbz2 may each independently be an unsubstituted carbazolyl group or a carbazolyl group substituted with an aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms. bIt may be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group of 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group of 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. "b" may be an integer selected from 0 to 10, and if "b" is an integer of 2 or greater (for example, when "b" is an integer of 2 or greater), multiple L b Each independently may be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0323] The compound represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b may be any one selected from the compounds in Compound Group E-2. However, the compounds listed in Compound Group E-2 are merely examples, and the compounds represented by Formula E-2a or Formula E-2b are not limited to the compounds listed in Compound Group E-2.

[0324] Compound Group E-2

[0325]

[0326]

[0327]

[0328] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting layer (EML) may further include a material that is well-suited as a host material in the art. For example, the light-emitting layer (EML) may include at least one of the following as a host material: bis(4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)diphenylsilane (BCPDS), (4-(1-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)cyclohexyl)phenyl)diphenylphosphine oxide (POPCPA), bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether oxide (DPEPO), 4,4'-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-bis(N-carbazyl)benzene (mCP), 2,8-bis(diphenylphosphino)dibenzo[b,d]furan (PPF), 4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazyl)-triphenylamine (TCTA), and 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole. -2-yl)benzene (TPBi). However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3), 9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 2-tert-butyl-9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (TBADN), distyrylarene (DSA), 4,4'-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2'-dimethyl-biphenyl (CDBP), 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (MADN), hexaphenylcyclotriphosphazene (CP1), 1,4-bis(triphenylsilyl)benzene (UGH2), hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane (DPSiO3) and / or octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane (DPSiO4), etc. can be used as the host material.

[0329] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting layer EML may include a compound represented by Formula Ma or Formula Mb. The compound represented by Formula Ma or Formula Mb may be used as a phosphorescent dopant material. In addition, in one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula Ma or Formula Mb may be used as an auxiliary dopant material.

[0330] Formula Ma

[0331]

[0332] In formula Ma, Y1 to Y4 and Z1 to Z4 can each independently be CR1 or N and R1 to R4 can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted amine, substituted or unsubstituted thiol, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl of 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl of 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, and / or can independently combine with adjacent groups to form a ring. In formula Ma, "m" is 0 or 1, and "n" is 2 or 3. In formula Ma, if "m" is 0 (for example, when "m" is 0), "n" is 3, and if "m" is 1 (for example, when "m" is 1), "n" is 2.

[0333] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula Ma may be used as a phosphorescent dopant.

[0334] The compound represented by formula Ma may be any one selected from compound M-a1 to compound M-a25. However, compound M-a1 to compound M-a25 are merely examples, and the compound represented by formula Ma is not limited to compound M-a1 to compound M-a25.

[0335]

[0336]

[0337] Formula Mb

[0338]

[0339] In formula Mb, Q1 to Q4 may each independently be C or N, and cyclic groups C1 to C4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 21 To L 24 Can be directly connected, *-O-*, *-S-*, A substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group of 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group of 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, and e1 to e4 may each independently be 0 or 1. -* indicates a site of connection to the cyclic group C1 to the cyclic group C4. R 31 to R 39Each of them may independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and / or combine with adjacent groups to form a ring, and d1 to d4 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4.

[0340] The compound represented by Formula Mb may be used as a blue phosphorescent dopant or a green phosphorescent dopant. In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula Mb may be an auxiliary dopant and may be further included in the emission layer EML.

[0341] The compound represented by Formula Mb may be any one selected from Compound Mb-1 to Compound Mb-11. However, Compound Mb-1 to Compound Mb-11 are merely examples, and the compound represented by Formula Mb is not limited to Compound Mb-1 to Compound Mb-11.

[0342]

[0343] In the above compounds, R, R 38 and R 39 Each of them can independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl of 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl of 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0344] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may contain a first compound represented by any one selected from Formula Fa to Formula Fc, a second compound represented by Formula HT-1, a third compound represented by Formula ET-1, and a fourth compound represented by Formula D-1.

[0345] Style

[0346]

[0347] In the formula Fa, R a to R j Two of them can be independently replaced by *-NAr1Ar2. a to R j The remaining groups not substituted by *-NAr1Ar2 can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted amine, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl of 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl of 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0348] In *-NAr1Ar2, Ar1 and Ar2 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, at least one selected from Ar1 and Ar2 may be a heteroaryl group including O or S as a ring-forming atom.

[0349] Formula Fb

[0350]

[0351] In formula Fb, R a and R b Each may independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms, and / or may independently combine with an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0352] In Formula Fb, Ar1 to Ar4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0353] In formula Fb, U and V may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring of 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring of 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0354] In Formula Fb, the number of rings represented by U and V may be each independently 0 or 1. For example, in Formula Fb, if the number of U or V is 1 (for example, when the number of U or V is 1), one ring forms a part of the fused ring at the portion marked by U or V, and if the number of U or V is 0 (for example, when the number of U or V is 0), there is no ring at the portion marked by U or V. For example, if the number of U is 0 and the number of V is 1 (for example, when the number of U is 0 and the number of V is 1), or if the number of U is 1 and the number of V is 0 (for example, when the number of U is 1 and the number of V is 0), the fused ring having a fluorene core of Formula Fb may be a ring compound having four rings. In one or more embodiments, if the number of U and V are both 0 (for example, the number of U and V is simultaneously 0) (for example, when the number of U and V are both 0 (for example, the number of U and V is simultaneously 0)), the fused ring having a fluorene core of Formula Fb may be a ring compound having three rings. In one or more embodiments, if the number of U and V is both 1 (for example, the number of U and V is 1 at the same time) (for example, when the number of U and V is both 1 (for example, the number of U and V is 1 at the same time)), the fused ring having a fluorene core of formula Fb may be a cyclic compound having five rings.

[0355] Formula Fc

[0356]

[0357] In formula Fc, A1 and A2 can each independently be O, S, Se or NR m And R m It may be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group of 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 11 Each of the groups may independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted boron, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted thiol, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and / or independently combine with adjacent groups to form a ring.

[0358] In Formula Fc, A1 and A2 may each independently combine with a substituent of an adjacent ring to form a fused ring. For example, if A1 and A2 may each independently be NR m (For example, when A1 and A2 can each independently be NR m (When A1 is combined with R4 or R5 to form a ring. In addition, A2 is combined with R7 or R8 to form a ring.

[0359] In one or more embodiments, the second compound may be used as a hole transport host material of the emission layer EML.

[0360] Formula HT-1

[0361]

[0362] In formula HT-1, A1 to A8 can each independently be N or CR 51 For example, in one or more embodiments, all of A1 to A8 may be CR 51 In one or more embodiments, any one selected from A1 to A8 may be N, and the remaining may be CR 51 .

[0363] In Formula HT-1, L1 may be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, L1 may be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent biphenyl group, and / or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent carbazolyl group, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0364] In formula HT-1, Y a Can be direct connection, CR 52 R 53 or SiR 54 R 55 For example, it may mean that the two six-membered rings (eg, two benzene rings) connected to the nitrogen atom of formula HT-1 may be directly connected, In formula HT-1, if Y a For direct connection (for example, when Y a is directly linked), the second compound represented by Formula HT-1 may include a carbazole moiety.

[0365] In Formula HT-1, Ar1 may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, Ar1 may be a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0366] In formula HT-1, R 51 to R 55Each of the following may independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiol, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted amine, substituted or unsubstituted boron, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl of 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl of 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, R 51 to R 55 One or more of can be independently combined with adjacent groups to form a ring. For example, in one or more embodiments, R 51 to R 55 Can be each independently hydrogen or deuterium. In one or more embodiments, R 51 to R 55 Each independently may be an unsubstituted methyl group or an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0367] In one or more embodiments, the second compound represented by Formula HT-1 may be any one selected from the compounds listed in Compound Group 2. The emission layer EML may include at least one selected from the compounds listed in Compound Group 2 as a hole transport host material.

[0368] Compound Group 2

[0369]

[0370]

[0371]

[0372] In the exemplary compounds listed in Compound Group 2, "D" refers to deuterium, and "Ph" may refer to a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. For example, in the exemplary compounds listed in Compound Group 2, "Ph" may be an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0373] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may contain a third compound represented by Formula ET-1. For example, the third compound may serve as an electron transport host material of the emission layer EML.

[0374] Formula ET-1

[0375]

[0376] In Formula ET-1, at least one selected from X1 to X3 may be N, and the remaining may be CR 56 For example, in one or more embodiments, one selected from X1 to X3 may be N, and the remaining two may each independently be CR 56In these embodiments, the third compound represented by Formula ET-1 may include a pyridine moiety. In one or more embodiments, two selected from X1 to X3 may be N, and the remaining may be CR 56 In these embodiments, the third compound represented by Formula ET-1 may include a pyrimidine moiety. In one or more embodiments, X1 to X3 may all be N. In these embodiments, the third compound represented by Formula ET-1 may include a triazine moiety.

[0377] In formula ET-1, R 56 It may be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms.

[0378] In Formula ET-1, b1 to b3 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 10.

[0379] In Formula ET-1, Ar2 to Ar4 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, Ar2 to Ar4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group.

[0380] In Formula ET-1, L2 to L4 may each independently be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, if each of b1 to b3 is an integer of 2 or greater (for example, when each of b1 to b3 is an integer of 2 or greater), multiple L2 to multiple L4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0381] In one or more embodiments, the third compound may be any one of the compounds selected from compound group 3. The light emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments may include any one of the compounds selected from compound group 3.

[0382] Compound Group 3

[0383]

[0384]

[0385]

[0386]

[0387]

[0388]

[0389]

[0390]

[0391] In the exemplary compounds listed in Compound Group 3, "D" refers to deuterium, and "Ph" refers to an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0392] The light-emitting layer (EML) may include a second compound and a third compound, and the second compound and the third compound may form an exciplex. In the light-emitting layer (EML), an exciplex may be formed by a hole transport host and an electron transport host. In this regard, the triplet energy level of the exciplex formed by the hole transport host and the electron transport host may correspond to the difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the electron transport host and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the hole transport host.

[0393] For example, in one or more embodiments, the absolute value of the triplet energy level (T1) of the exciplex formed by the hole transport host and the electron transport host may be from about 2.4 eV to about 3.0 eV. In addition, the triplet energy level of the exciplex may be a value smaller than the energy gap of each host material. In one or more embodiments, the exciplex may have a triplet energy level of about 3.0 eV or less, which is the energy gap between the hole transport host and the electron transport host.

[0394] In one or more embodiments, the light emitting layer (EML) may further include a fourth compound in addition to the first to third compounds. The fourth compound may function as a sensitizer for the light emitting layer (EML). Energy may be transferred from the fourth compound to the first compound, thereby generating light emission.

[0395] For example, in one or more embodiments, the light-emitting layer EML may include an organic metal complex containing platinum (Pt) as a central metal atom and a ligand bonded to the central metal atom as the fourth compound. In the light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments, the light-emitting layer EML may include a compound represented by Formula D-1 as the fourth compound.

[0396] Formula D-1

[0397]

[0398] In formula D-1, Q1 to Q4 may each independently be C or N.

[0399] In formula D-1, cyclic groups C1 to C4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring group having 5 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0400] In formula D-1, X 11 To X 14 Can be directly connected or *-O-* independently. For example, in one or more embodiments, selected from X 11 To X 14 Any one of may be *-O-*, and the rest may be direct connections.

[0401] In formula D-1, L 11 To L 13 Can be directly connected, *-O-*, *-S-*, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group of 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group of 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms. 11 To L 13 In the formula (a), “-*” refers to a portion connected to the ring groups C1 to C4.

[0402] In formula D-1, b11 to b13 may each independently be 0 or 1. If b11 is 0 (for example, when b11 is 0), cyclyl C1 and cyclyl C2 may not be connected. If b12 is 0 (for example, when b12 is 0), cyclyl C2 and cyclyl C3 may not be connected. If b13 is 0 (for example, when b13 is 0), cyclyl C3 and cyclyl C4 may not be connected.

[0403] In formula D-1, R 61 to R 66 Each of the following may independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiol, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted amine, substituted or unsubstituted boron, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl of 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl of 2 to 60 ring carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, R 61 to R 66 One or more of can be independently combined with adjacent groups to form a ring. In one or more embodiments, R 61 to R 66 Each independently may be a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group.

[0404] In Formula D-1, d1 to d4 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4. In Formula D-1, if d1 to d4 are 0 (for example, when d1 to d4 are 0), the fourth compound may be respectively not R 61 to R 64 Where d1 to d4 are 4 and R 61 to R 64 The embodiment in which all are hydrogen may be the same as the embodiment in which d1 to d4 are 0. If d1 to d4 are integers of 2 or greater (for example, when d1 to d4 are integers of 2 or greater), the plurality of R 61 To multiple R 64 Each of R 61 To multiple R 64 At least one of may be different.

[0405] In formula D-1, the cyclic groups C1 to C4 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group represented by any one selected from C-1 to C-5.

[0406]

[0407] In C-1 to C-5, P1 can be C-* or CR 74 , P2 can be N-* or NR 81 , P3 can be N-* or NR 82 , and P4 can be C-* or CR 88 , P6 can be C-* or CR 90 . R 71 to R 90 Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, and / or combine with an adjacent group to form a ring.

[0408] In addition, in C-1 to C-5, is a portion connected to the central metal atom Pt, and "-*" corresponds to the adjacent ring group C1 to ring group C4 or the adjacent linker L 11 To connector L 13 Connected part.

[0409] The light-emitting layer (EML) of one or more embodiments may include a fused polycyclic compound as a first compound and at least one selected from the second to fourth compounds. For example, in one or more embodiments, the light-emitting layer (EML) may include a first compound, a second compound, and a third compound. In the light-emitting layer (EML), the second compound and the third compound may form an exciplex, and energy may be transferred to the first compound via the exciplex, and then light may be emitted.

[0410] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting layer EML may include a first compound, a second compound, a third compound, and a fourth compound. In the light-emitting layer EML, the second compound and the third compound may form an exciplex, and energy transfer to the fourth compound and the first compound may occur via the exciplex, and then light emission may occur. In one or more embodiments, the fourth compound may be a sensitizer. In the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, the fourth compound included in the light-emitting layer EML may act as a sensitizer and may play a role in transferring energy from the host to the first compound, which is a light-emitting dopant. For example, the fourth compound, which acts as an auxiliary dopant, may accelerate energy transfer to the first compound, which is a light-emitting dopant, and increase the luminescence ratio and luminous efficiency of the first compound. Accordingly, the luminous efficiency of the light-emitting layer EML of one or more embodiments may be improved. In addition, if the energy transfer to the first compound increases (for example, when the energy transfer to the first compound increases), the excitons formed in the light-emitting layer EML may not accumulate but emit light quickly, and the degradation of the light-emitting element ED may be reduced. Accordingly, the element life of the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may be increased.

[0411] The light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments includes all of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound, and the light-emitting layer EML may include a combination of two host materials and two dopant materials. In the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, the light-emitting layer EML may simultaneously (e.g., synchronously) include the second compound and the third compound as two different hosts, the first compound emitting delayed fluorescence, and the fourth compound being an organometallic complex, and may exhibit excellent or appropriate luminous efficiency characteristics.

[0412] In one or more embodiments, the fourth compound represented by Formula D-1 may be at least one selected from the compounds listed in Compound Group 4. The emission layer EML may include at least one selected from the compounds listed in Compound Group 4 as a sensitizer material.

[0413] Compound Group 4

[0414]

[0415]

[0416]

[0417] In the exemplary compounds listed in Compound Group 4, "D" refers to deuterium.

[0418] In the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, if the light-emitting layer EML includes all of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound (for example, when the light-emitting layer EML includes all of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound), the amount of the first compound may be from about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt% based on 100 wt% of the total weight of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. If the amount of the first compound satisfies the above ratio (for example, when the amount of the first compound satisfies the above ratio), energy transfer from the second compound and the third compound to the first compound can be increased, and accordingly, luminous efficiency and element life can be increased.

[0419] In the light-emitting layer (EML), the total amount of the second compound and the third compound may be the remaining amount other than the amount of the first compound and the fourth compound. For example, in one or more embodiments, the total amount of the second compound and the third compound may be about 65 wt % to about 95 wt % based on 100 wt % of the total weight of the first, second, third, and fourth compounds.

[0420] In the total amount of the second compound and the third compound, a weight ratio of the second compound to the third compound may be about 3:7 to about 7:3.

[0421] If the total amount of the second compound and the third compound satisfies the above ratio (for example, when the total amount of the second compound and the third compound satisfies the above ratio), the charge balance characteristics in the light-emitting layer EML can be improved, and the luminous efficiency and element life can be improved. If the total amount of the second compound and the third compound deviates from the above ratio range (for example, when the total amount of the second compound and the third compound deviates from the above ratio range), the charge balance in the light-emitting layer EML may be disrupted, the luminous efficiency may deteriorate, and the light-emitting element ED may be easily degraded.

[0422] If the light-emitting layer EML includes a fourth compound (for example, when the light-emitting layer EML includes the fourth compound), the amount of the fourth compound may be about 4 wt% to about 30 wt% based on 100 wt% of the total weight of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound in the light-emitting layer EML. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. If the amount of the fourth compound satisfies the above amount (for example, when the amount of the fourth compound satisfies the above amount), energy transfer from the host to the first compound as a light-emitting dopant can be increased, and the luminescence ratio and luminous efficiency can be improved. Accordingly, the luminous efficiency of the light-emitting layer EML can be improved. If the amount ratio of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound included in the light-emitting layer EML satisfies the above amount ratio (for example, when the amount ratio of the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound included in the light-emitting layer EML satisfies the above amount ratio), excellent or appropriate luminous efficiency and long device life can be achieved.

[0423] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting layer EML may include one or more selected from the following as suitable dopant materials: styryl derivatives (e.g., 1,4-bis[2-(3-N-ethylcarbazolyl)vinyl]benzene (BCzVB), 4-(di-p-tolylamino)-4'-[(di-p-tolylamino)styryl]stilbene (DPAVB), N-(4-((E)-2-(6-((E)-4-(diphenylamino)phenylethyl)

[0014] Examples of the present invention include bis(2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl)biphenyl (DPAVBi), perylene and its derivatives (e.g., 2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butylperylene (TBP)), and / or pyrene and its derivatives (e.g., 1,1'-dipyrene, 1,4-dipyrenylbenzene, and 1,4-bis(N,N-diphenylamino)pyrene).

[0424] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting layer EML may include a suitable phosphorescent dopant material. For example, the phosphorescent dopant may use a metal complex including iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), or thulium (Tm). For example, in one or more embodiments, bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridyl-N,C2') picolinyl iridium (III) (FIrpic), bis(2,4-difluorophenylpyridyl)-tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl) borate iridium (III) (FIr6), or octaethylporphyrin platinum (PtOEP) may be used as the phosphorescent dopant. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0425] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting layer EML may include a hole transport host and an electron transport host. In addition, the light-emitting layer EML may include an auxiliary dopant and a luminescent dopant. In one or more embodiments, the auxiliary dopant may include a phosphorescent dopant material or a thermally activated delayed fluorescent dopant. For example, in one or more embodiments, the light-emitting layer EML may include a hole transport host, an electron transport host, an auxiliary dopant, and a luminescent dopant.

[0426] In one or more embodiments, the light emitting layer may include quantum dots.

[0427] In this disclosure, a quantum dot refers to a crystal of a semiconductor compound. Depending on the size of the crystal, the quantum dot can emit light within one or more suitable emission wavelengths. By controlling the ratio of elements in the quantum dot compound, the quantum dot can emit light at one or more suitable emission wavelengths.

[0428] The diameter of the quantum dot can be, for example, from about 1 nm to about 10 nm. In the present disclosure, when the quantum dot, a plurality of quantum dots, or quantum dot particles are spherical, "diameter" indicates the particle size or average particle size, and when the particles are non-spherical, "diameter" indicates the major axis length or average major axis length. The diameter of the particles can be measured using a scanning electron microscope or a particle size analyzer. As a particle size analyzer, for example, a HORIBA, LA-950 laser particle size analyzer can be used. When the size of the particles is measured using a particle size analyzer, the average particle size is referred to as D 50 . D 50 It refers to the average diameter of particles whose cumulative volume corresponds to 50% by volume in a particle size distribution (e.g., cumulative distribution), and refers to the value of the particle size corresponding to 50% from the smallest particle when the total number of particles in a distribution curve accumulated in order from the smallest particle size to the largest particle size is 100%.

[0429] Quantum dots can be synthesized by chemical bath deposition, metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), molecular beam epitaxy (MOCVD), or processes similar thereto.

[0430] Chemical bath deposition is a method of mixing an organic solvent and a precursor material of quantum dots and then growing quantum dot particle crystals. During the growth of the quantum dot particle crystals, the organic solvent can naturally act as a dispersant coordinated on the surface of the quantum dot particle crystals and can control the growth of the quantum dot particle crystals. Accordingly, if compared with vapor deposition methods including metal organic chemical vapor deposition and / or molecular beam epitaxy (for example, when compared with vapor deposition methods including metal organic chemical vapor deposition and / or molecular beam epitaxy), chemical bath deposition is more advantageous and beneficial, and the growth of quantum dot particle crystals can be controlled or selected through a low-cost process.

[0431] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting layer EML may include a quantum dot material. The quantum dot may have a core / shell structure. The core of the quantum dot may be selected from a II-VI compound, a III-VI compound, a I-III-VI compound, a III-V compound, a III-II-V compound, a IV-VI compound, a II-IV-V compound, a Group IV material, a Group IV compound, and / or one or more combinations thereof (e.g., any appropriate combination).

[0432] The II-VI compound may be selected from the group consisting of: a binary compound selected from the group consisting of CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS, and mixtures thereof (e.g., any suitable mixture); a binary compound selected from the group consisting of CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS and mixtures thereof (e.g., any suitable mixture) are selected from the group consisting of ternary compounds; and quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of HgZnTeS, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe and mixtures thereof (e.g., any suitable mixture). In one or more embodiments, the II-VI Group compound may further include a Group I metal and / or a Group IV element. The I-II-VI Group compound may be selected from CuZnS, and the II-IV-VI Group compound may be selected from ZnSnS, etc. The Group I-II-IV-VI compound may be selected from: a quaternary compound selected from the group consisting of Cu2ZnSnS2, Cu2ZnSnS4, Cu2ZnSnSe4, Ag2ZnSnS2, and mixtures thereof (eg, any suitable mixture).

[0433] The Group III-VI compounds may include binary compounds (eg, In2S3 and / or In2Se3), ternary compounds (eg, InGaS3 and / or InGaSe3), or combinations thereof (eg, any suitable combination).

[0434] The Group I-III-VI compounds may be selected from the group consisting of: ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2, AgGaS2, CuGaS2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2, AgAlO2 and mixtures thereof; and / or quaternary compounds (e.g., AgInGaS, AgInGaS2, AgInGaSe, AgInGaSe2, CuInGaS and CuInGaS2).

[0435] The Group III-V compound may be selected from the group consisting of: a binary compound selected from the group consisting of GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, and mixtures thereof; a ternary compound selected from the group consisting of GaNPs, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNPs, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InAlP, InNPs, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, and mixtures thereof; and a quaternary compound selected from the group consisting of GaAlNPs, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNPs, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNPs, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, and mixtures thereof. In one or more embodiments, the Group III-V compound may further include a Group II metal. For example, InZnP or the like can be selected as the Group III-II-V compound.

[0436] The Group IV-VI compound may be selected from the group consisting of: a binary compound selected from the group consisting of SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe and mixtures thereof (e.g., any suitable mixture); a ternary compound selected from the group consisting of SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe and mixtures thereof (e.g., any suitable mixture); and a quaternary compound selected from the group consisting of SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe and mixtures thereof (e.g., any suitable mixture).

[0437] The Group II-IV-V compound may be a ternary compound selected from the group consisting of ZnSnP, ZnSnP2, ZnSnAs2, ZnGeP2, ZnGeAs2, CdSnP2, CdGeP2, and mixtures thereof (e.g., any suitable mixture).

[0438] Group IV materials may be selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, and mixtures thereof (e.g., any suitable mixture). The Group IV compound may be a binary compound selected from the group consisting of SiC, SiGe, and mixtures thereof (e.g., any suitable mixture).

[0439] Each element included in a multi-element compound (e.g., a binary compound, a ternary compound, or a quaternary compound) may be present in the particles at a substantially uniform concentration or a non-uniform concentration. For example, the above formula indicates the type (species) of elements included in the compound, and the elemental ratios in the compound may vary. For example, AgInGaS2 may indicate AgIn x Ga 1-x S2 (where x is a real number satisfying 0 < x < 1).

[0440] In one or more embodiments, the binary compound, ternary compound, or quaternary compound may be present in the particles at a substantially uniform concentration or may be present in the same particle in a partially different concentration distribution state. In one or more embodiments, a core / shell structure in which one quantum dot encapsulates another quantum dot may be desirable. The interface between the core and the shell may have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of the elements present in the shell decreases toward the center of the core.

[0441] In one or more embodiments, the quantum dot may have the above-described core / shell structure, including a core containing nanocrystals and a shell encapsulating the core. The shell of the quantum dot may serve as a protective layer for preventing or reducing chemical denaturation of the core to maintain semiconductor properties, and / or may serve as a charge layer for imparting electrophoretic properties to the quantum dot. The shell may have a single layer or multiple layers. Examples of the shell of the quantum dot may include metal oxides or non-metal oxides, semiconductor compounds, and / or one or more combinations thereof (e.g., any suitable combination).

[0442] For example, the metal oxide or non-metal oxide used for the shell may include binary compounds (e.g., SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4, and / or NiO) or ternary compounds (e.g., MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, and / or CoMn2O4), but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0443] Furthermore, semiconductor compounds suitable as shells may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP and / or AlSb, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0444] The quantum dots may have an emission spectrum with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of about 45 nm or less, about 40 nm or less, or about 30 nm or less. Within this range, the color purity and / or color reproducibility of the quantum dots may be improved. In addition, light emitted by such quantum dots is emitted in all directions, and the optical viewing angle characteristics may be improved.

[0445] In addition, the shape of the quantum dots can be any shape commonly used in the art without specific limitation. For example, spherical nanoparticles, pyramidal nanoparticles, multi-arm nanoparticles, cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers and / or nanoplates can be used.

[0446] By adjusting the size of the quantum dots or the ratio of elements in the quantum dot compound, the energy gap of the quantum dots can be controlled or selected accordingly to obtain one or more appropriate wavelengths of light from the quantum dot emission layer. Therefore, by using quantum dots as described above (for example, using quantum dots of different sizes or having different ratios of elements in the quantum dot compound), a light-emitting element ED that emits light in one or more appropriate wavelength ranges can be obtained. For example, the size of the quantum dots or the ratio of elements in the quantum dot compound can be adjusted to ensure that the quantum dots emit red light, green light, and / or blue light. In one or more embodiments, the quantum dots can be configured to emit white light by combining one or more appropriate colors of light.

[0447] In such Figures 3 to 6 In each of the light-emitting elements ED of the embodiment shown in FIG, an electron transport region ETR may be provided on the light-emitting layer EML. The electron transport region ETR may include at least one of a hole blocking layer HBL, an electron transport layer ETL, and an electron injection layer EIL. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0448] The electron transport region ETR may have a single-layer structure of a single layer formed using a single material, a single-layer structure of a single layer formed using a plurality of different materials, or a multi-layer structure of a plurality of layers formed using a plurality of different materials.

[0449] For example, in one or more embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may have a single-layer structure of an electron injection layer EIL or an electron transport layer ETL, or a single-layer structure formed using an electron injection material and / or an electron transport material. Further, in one or more embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may have a single-layer structure formed using a plurality of different materials, or a structure of an electron transport layer ETL / electron injection layer EIL or a hole blocking layer HBL / electron transport layer ETL / electron injection layer EIL stacked from the light-emitting layer EML, without limitation. The thickness of the electron transport region ETR may be, for example, about 1000 Å. to about

[0450] The electron transport region ETR may be formed using one or more appropriate methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Brockett (LB) method, inkjet printing, laser printing, and / or laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) method.

[0451] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may include a compound represented by Formula ET-2.

[0452] Formula ET-2

[0453]

[0454] In formula ET-2, at least one selected from X1 to X3 may be N, and the rest may be CR a . R a Ar1 to Ar3 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group of 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0455] In Formula ET-2, "a" to "c" may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 10. In Formula ET-2, L1 to L3 may each independently be a directly attached, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group of 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group of 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, if "a" to "c" are an integer of 2 or greater (for example, when "a" to "c" are an integer of 2 or greater), multiple L1 to multiple L3 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group of 6 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group of 2 to 30 ring-forming carbon atoms.

[0456] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may include an anthracene compound. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the electron transport region ETR may include, for example, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3), 1,3,5-tris[(3-pyridyl)-phenyl-3-yl]benzene, 2,4,6-tris(3'-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4-(N-phenylbenzimidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-9,10-dinaphthothracene, 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene. )benzene (TPBi), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 4-(naphthalene-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), 2-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole ( t Bu-PBD), bis(2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinolinolato-N1,08)-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-hydroxy)aluminum (BAlq), bis(benzoquinolinolato-10-hydroxy)beryllium (Bebq2), 9,10-di(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 1,3-bis[3,5-di(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]benzene (BmPyPhB), CNNPTRZ (4'-(4-(4-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl)naphthalen-1-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile), and / or mixtures thereof (e.g., any suitable mixtures), without limitation.

[0457] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may include at least one selected from compounds ET1 to ET36.

[0458]

[0459]

[0460]

[0461]

[0462] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may include a metal halide (e.g., LiF, NaCl, CsF, RbCl, RbI, CuI and / or KI), a lanthanide metal (e.g., Yb) or a co-deposited material of a metal halide and a lanthanide metal. For example, in one or more embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may include KI:Yb, RbI:Yb and / or LiF:Yb as a co-deposited material. In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region ETR may use a metal oxide (e.g., Li2O and / or BaO) or 8-hydroxyquinoline lithium (Liq). However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. A mixture material of an electron transport material and an insulating organic metal salt may also be used to form the electron transport region ETR. The insulating organic metal salt may be a material with an energy gap of about 4 eV or greater. For example, the insulating organic metal salt may include, for example, one or more of a metal acetate, a metal benzoate, a metal acetoacetate, a metal acetylacetonate and a metal stearate.

[0463] In one or more embodiments, in addition to one or more of the aforementioned materials, the electron transport region ETR may include at least one of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), diphenyl(4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (TSPO1), and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen). However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0464] The electron transport region ETR may include one or more of compounds of the electron transport region ETR in at least one selected from the electron injection layer EIL, the electron transport layer ETL, and the hole blocking layer HBL.

[0465] If the electron transport region ETR includes the electron transport layer ETL (for example, when the electron transport region ETR includes the electron transport layer ETL), the thickness of the electron transport layer ETL may be about 100 Å. to about For example, about to about If the thickness of the electron transport layer ETL satisfies the above range (for example, when the thickness of the electron transport layer ETL satisfies the above range), satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage. If the electron transport region ETR includes the electron injection layer EIL (for example, when the electron transport region ETR includes the electron injection layer EIL), the thickness of the electron injection layer EIL can be about to about or about to about If the thickness of the electron injection layer EIL satisfies the above range (eg, when the thickness of the electron injection layer EIL satisfies the above range), satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0466] The second electrode EL2 may be provided on the electron transport region ETR. The second electrode EL2 may be a common electrode. The second electrode EL2 may be a cathode or an anode, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, if the first electrode EL1 is an anode (for example, when the first electrode EL1 is an anode), the second electrode EL2 may be a cathode, and if the first electrode EL1 is a cathode (for example, when the first electrode EL1 is a cathode), the second electrode EL2 may be an anode. The second electrode EL2 may include at least one selected from Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, In, Sn, and Zn, a compound selected from two or more thereof (for example, any suitable compound), a mixture selected from two or more thereof (for example, any suitable mixture), or an oxide thereof.

[0467] The second electrode EL2 may be a transmissive electrode, a transflective electrode, or a reflective electrode. If the second electrode EL2 is a transmissive electrode (for example, when the second electrode EL2 is a transmissive electrode), the second electrode EL2 may include a transparent metal oxide (for example, ITO, IZO, ZnO, and / or ITZO, etc.).

[0468] If the second electrode EL2 is a transflective electrode or a reflective electrode (for example, when the second electrode EL2 is a transflective electrode or a reflective electrode), the second electrode EL2 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, Yb, W, a compound thereof (for example, any suitable compound), or a mixture thereof (for example, any suitable mixture) (for example, AgMg, AgYb, or MgYb), or a material having a multilayer structure, such as LiF / Ca (a stacked structure of LiF and Ca) or LiF / Al (a stacked structure of LiF and Al). In one or more embodiments, the second electrode EL2 may have a multilayer structure including a reflective layer or a transflective layer formed using one or more of the above materials and a transparent conductive layer formed using ITO, IZO, ZnO, and / or ITZO. For example, in one or more embodiments, the second electrode EL2 may include one of the aforementioned metal materials, a combination of two or more metal materials selected therefrom (for example, any suitable combination), or an oxide of the aforementioned metal materials.

[0469] In one or more embodiments, the second electrode EL2 may be connected to an auxiliary electrode. If the second electrode EL2 is connected to the auxiliary electrode (eg, when the second electrode EL2 is connected to the auxiliary electrode), resistance of the second electrode EL2 may be reduced.

[0470] In one or more embodiments, a capping layer CPL may be further disposed on the second electrode EL2 in the light emitting element ED. The capping layer CPL may include a plurality of layers or a single layer.

[0471] In one or more embodiments, the capping layer CPL may be an organic layer or an inorganic layer. For example, if the capping layer CPL includes an inorganic material (for example, when the capping layer CPL includes an inorganic material), the inorganic material may include an alkali metal compound (for example, LiF), an alkaline earth metal compound, SiON, SiN x and / or SiO y wait.

[0472] In one or more embodiments, if the capping layer CPL includes an organic material (for example, when the capping layer CPL includes an organic material), the organic material may include 2,2'-dimethyl-N,N'-di[(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl]-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (α-NPD), NPB, TPD, m-MTDATA, Alq3, CuPc, N4,N4,N4',N4'-tetrakis(biphenyl-4-yl)biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD15) and / or 4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), etc., or may include an epoxy resin or an acrylate (for example, methacrylate). In one or more embodiments, the capping layer CPL may include at least one selected from Compounds P1 to P5, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0473]

[0474] In one or more embodiments, the capping layer CPL may have a refractive index of about 1.6 or greater. For example, in one or more embodiments, the capping layer CPL may have a refractive index of about 1.6 or greater for light within a wavelength range of about 550 nm to about 660 nm.

[0475] Figures 7 to 10 Each is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figures 7 to 10 When explaining the display device of the embodiment, the explanation of Figures 1 to 6 The explanation of FIG100 is repeated, and only the different features will be mainly explained.

[0476] refer to Figure 7, a display device DD-a according to one or more embodiments may include a display panel DP including a display element layer DP-ED, a light control layer CCL and a color filter layer CFL disposed on the display panel DP.

[0477] In such Figure 7 In one or more embodiments shown in , the display panel DP may include a base layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the base layer BS, and a display element layer DP-ED, and the display element layer DP-ED may include a light emitting element ED.

[0478] The light emitting element ED may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR disposed on the first electrode EL1, a light emitting layer EML disposed on the hole transport region HTR, an electron transport region ETR disposed on the light emitting layer EML, and a second electrode EL2 disposed on the electron transport region ETR. Figures 3 to 6 The same structure of any one of the light emitting elements ED can be applied to Figure 7 The structure of the light-emitting element ED is shown in FIG.

[0479] The hole transport region HTR of the light emitting element ED included in the display device DD-a according to one or more embodiments may include the amine compound of the one or more embodiments described above.

[0480] refer to Figure 7 The light-emitting layer EML may be arranged in the opening OH defined in the pixel-defining film PDL. For example, the light-emitting layer EML divided by the pixel-defining film PDL and provided for each of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may emit light in substantially the same wavelength region. In the display device DD-a of one or more embodiments, the light-emitting layer EML may emit blue light. In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting layer EML may be provided as a common layer across all of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B.

[0481] A light control layer (CCL) may be disposed on the display panel DP. The light control layer (CCL) may include a light converter. The light converter may be a quantum dot or a phosphor. The light converter may convert the wavelength of provided light and then emit the converted light. For example, the light control layer (CCL) may be a layer including quantum dots or a layer including phosphors.

[0482] The light-control layer CCL may include a plurality of light-control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. The light-control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 may be separated from each other.

[0483] refer to Figure 7, the partition pattern BMP may be disposed between the separated light control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Figure 7 , the separation pattern BMP is illustrated as not overlapping the light control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3, however, in one or more embodiments, at least a portion of the edges of the light control parts CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 may overlap with the separation pattern BMP.

[0484] The light control layer CCL may include: a first light control component CCP1, which includes a first quantum dot QD1 that converts the first color light provided from the light emitting element ED into the second color light; a second light control component CCP2, which includes a second quantum dot QD2 that converts the first color light into the third color light; and a third light control component CCP3 that transmits the first color light.

[0485] In one or more embodiments, the first light-control component CCP1 may provide red light as the second color light, and the second light-control component CCP2 may provide green light as the third color light. The third light-control component CCP3 may transmit and provide blue light as the first color light provided by the light-emitting element ED. For example, in one or more embodiments, the first quantum dot QD1 may be a red quantum dot that emits red light, and the second quantum dot QD2 may be a green quantum dot that emits green light. Regarding quantum dots QD1 and QD2, the same contents as those described above regarding quantum dots may apply.

[0486] In one or more embodiments, the light control layer CCL may further include a scatterer SP. The first light control component CCP1 may include first quantum dots QD1 and a scatterer SP, the second light control component CCP2 may include second quantum dots QD2 and a scatterer SP, and the third light control component CCP3 may not include (e.g., may exclude) quantum dots but include a scatterer SP.

[0487] The scatterers SP may be inorganic particles. For example, the scatterers SP may include at least one selected from TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow silica. In one or more embodiments, the scatterers SP may include one selected from TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow silica, or may include a mixture of two or more materials selected from TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow silica.

[0488] The first light control component CCP1, the second light control component CCP2, and the third light control component CCP3 may respectively include base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 in which quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and scatterers SP are dispersed, respectively. In one or more embodiments, the first light control component CCP1 may include first quantum dots QD1 and scatterers SP dispersed in the first base resin BR1, the second light control component CCP2 may include second quantum dots QD2 and scatterers SP dispersed in the second base resin BR2, and the third light control component CCP3 may include scatterers SP dispersed in the third base resin BR3.

[0489] The base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 are media in which the quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and the scatterers SP are dispersed, respectively, and may each be composed of one or more suitable resin compositions, which may generally be referred to as binders. For example, the base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 may each independently be an acrylic resin, a urethane resin, a silicone resin, and / or an epoxy resin, etc. The base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 may each be a transparent resin. In one or more embodiments, the first base resin BR1, the second base resin BR2, and the third base resin BR3 may be the same as or different from each other.

[0490] In one or more embodiments, the light control layer CCL may include an isolation layer BFL1. The isolation layer BFL1 may function to block the penetration of moisture and / or oxygen (hereinafter referred to as "moisture / oxygen"). The isolation layer BFL1 may block the light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 from being exposed to moisture / oxygen. In one or more embodiments, the isolation layer BFL1 may cover the light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. In one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL, which will be explained later, may include an isolation layer BFL2 disposed on the light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3.

[0491] Isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may each include at least one inorganic layer. For example, in one or more embodiments, isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may each be formed by including an inorganic material. For example, isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may each independently be formed by including silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, silicon oxynitride, or a metal film that ensures light transmittance. In one or more embodiments, isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may each independently further include an organic layer. Isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may each independently consist of a single layer or multiple layers.

[0492] In the display device DD-a of one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL may be disposed on the light control layer CCL. For example, in one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL may be disposed directly on the light control layer CCL. In these embodiments, the isolation layer BFL2 may not be provided.

[0493] The color filter layer CFL may include filters CF1, CF2, and CF3. The first to third filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may be arranged to correspond to the red, green, and blue light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, respectively.

[0494] The color filter layer CFL may include a first filter CF1 configured to transmit a second color light, a second filter CF2 configured to transmit a third color light, and a third filter CF3 configured to transmit the first color light. For example, in one or more embodiments, the first filter CF1 may be a red filter, the second filter CF2 may be a green filter, and the third filter CF3 may be a blue filter. Each of the filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may include a polymer photosensitive resin and a pigment and / or dye. For example, the first filter CF1 may include a red pigment and / or a red dye, the second filter CF2 may include a green pigment and / or a green dye, and the third filter CF3 may include a blue pigment and / or a blue dye.

[0495] The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the third filter CF3 may not include (e.g., may exclude) any pigment or any dye. The third filter CF3 may include a polymer photosensitive resin and may not include any pigment or dye. The third filter CF3 may be transparent. The third filter CF3 may be formed using a transparent photosensitive resin.

[0496] In one or more embodiments, the first filter CF1 and the second filter CF2 may each be a yellow filter. The first filter CF1 and the second filter CF2 may be provided integrally. The first to third filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may be arranged to correspond to the red light emitting area PXA-R, the green light emitting area PXA-G, and the blue light emitting area PXA-B, respectively.

[0497] In one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL may further include a light-blocking member. The color filter layer CFL may include a light-blocking member disposed at the boundary between adjacent color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3. The light-blocking member may be a black matrix. The light-blocking member may be formed from an organic light-blocking material and / or an inorganic light-blocking material containing a black pigment and / or a black dye. The light-blocking member may define the boundary between adjacent color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3. In one or more embodiments, the light-blocking member may be formed as a blue filter.

[0498] A base substrate BL may be disposed on the color filter layer CFL. The base substrate BL may be a member providing a base surface, on which the color filter layer CFL and / or the light control layer CCL are disposed. The base substrate BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the base substrate BL may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. In one or more embodiments, the base substrate BL may not be provided.

[0499] Figure 8 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of a display device according to one or more embodiments. In the display device DD-TD of one or more embodiments, the light-emitting element ED-BT may include a plurality of light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3. The light-emitting element ED-BT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 arranged opposite to each other, and a plurality of light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 stacked in sequence in the thickness direction and provided between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. Each of the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may include a light-emitting layer EML ( Figure 7 ) and the hole transport region HTR( Figure 7 ) and electron transport region ETR( Figure 7 ), the light-emitting layer EML is arranged between the hole transport region HTR and the electron transport region ETR.

[0500] For example, the light-emitting elements ED-BT included in the display devices DD-TD of one or more embodiments may be light-emitting elements having a tandem structure including a plurality of light-emitting layers.

[0501] In such Figure 8 In one or more embodiments shown in FIG, the light emitted from the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may all be blue light. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, in one or more embodiments, the wavelength regions of the light emitted from the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may be different from each other. For example, in one or more embodiments, the light-emitting element ED-BT including a plurality of light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3, each emitting light in a different wavelength region, may emit white light (e.g., combined white light).

[0502] Charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 may be disposed between adjacent light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3, respectively. The charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 may independently include a p-type or p-like charge (e.g., P-charge) generation layer and / or an n-type or n-like charge (e.g., N-charge) generation layer.

[0503] At least one selected from the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 included in the display devices DD-TD according to one or more embodiments may contain the above-described amine compound according to one or more embodiments.

[0504] refer to Figure 9 , the display device DD-b according to one or more embodiments may include light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, each formed by stacking two light emitting layers. Figure 2 Compared with the display device DD shown in Figure 9 The display device DD-b shown in FIG. 1 is different in that each of the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 includes two light-emitting layers stacked in the thickness direction. In each of the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, the two light-emitting layers can emit light in substantially the same wavelength region.

[0505] In one or more embodiments, the first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first red light-emitting layer EML-R1 and a second red light-emitting layer EML-R2. The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first green light-emitting layer EML-G1 and a second green light-emitting layer EML-G2. In addition, the third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first blue light-emitting layer EML-B1 and a second blue light-emitting layer EML-B2. An emission auxiliary component OG may be disposed between the first red light-emitting layer EML-R1 and the second red light-emitting layer EML-R2, between the first green light-emitting layer EML-G1 and the second green light-emitting layer EML-G2, and between the first blue light-emitting layer EML-B1 and the second blue light-emitting layer EML-B2.

[0506] The emission auxiliary component OG may include a single layer or multiple layers. The emission auxiliary component OG may include a charge generation layer. In one or more embodiments, the emission auxiliary component OG may include an electron transport region (not shown), a charge generation layer (not shown), and a hole transport region (not shown) stacked in sequence (for example, in the order of narration). Throughout all of the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, the emission auxiliary component OG may be provided as a common layer. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the emission auxiliary component OG may be patterned and provided in an opening OH defined in the pixel defining film PDL.

[0507] The first red light emitting layer EML-R1, the first green light emitting layer EML-G1, and the first blue light emitting layer EML-B1 may each be disposed between the electron transport region ETR and the emission auxiliary component OG. The second red light emitting layer EML-R2, the second green light emitting layer EML-G2, and the second blue light emitting layer EML-B2 may each be disposed between the emission auxiliary component OG and the hole transport region HTR.

[0508] For example, in one or more embodiments, the first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second red light-emitting layer EML-R2, an emission auxiliary component OG, a first red light-emitting layer EML-R1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in this order (e.g., in the order described). The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second green light-emitting layer EML-G2, an emission auxiliary component OG, a first green light-emitting layer EML-G1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in this order (e.g., in the order described). The third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second blue light-emitting layer EML-B2, an emission auxiliary component OG, a first blue light-emitting layer EML-B1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in this order (e.g., in the order described).

[0509] In one or more embodiments, an optical auxiliary layer PL may be disposed on the display element layer DP-ED. The optical auxiliary layer PL may include a polarizing layer. The optical auxiliary layer PL may be disposed on the display panel DP and may control light reflected by external light at the display panel DP. In one or more embodiments, the optical auxiliary layer PL may not be provided in the display device DD-b.

[0510] and Figure 8 and Figure 9 different, Figure 10 The display device DD-c in FIG. 1 is shown as including four light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1. The light-emitting element ED-CT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 arranged opposite each other, and first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 stacked in the thickness direction between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. The third light-emitting structure OL-B3, the second light-emitting structure OL-B2, the first light-emitting structure OL-B1, and the fourth light-emitting structure OL-C1 are stacked in the thickness direction in sequence (e.g., in the order of description). Charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 may be separately arranged between the first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1. For example, the first charge generation layer CGL1 is arranged between the first light-emitting structure OL-B1 and the fourth light-emitting structure OL-C1. The second charge generation layer CGL2 is arranged between the first light-emitting structure OL-B1 and the second light-emitting structure OL-B2. The third charge generation layer CGL3 is disposed between the second light emitting structure OL-B2 and the third light emitting structure OL-B3.

[0511] In one or more embodiments, among the four light emitting structures, the first to third light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may emit blue light, and the fourth light emitting structure OL-C1 may emit green light. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the first to fourth light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 may each emit light of a different wavelength.

[0512] The charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 arranged between adjacent light emitting structures OL-C1, OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may include p-type or p-like charge (e.g., P-charge) generation layers and / or n-type or n-like charge (e.g., N-charge) generation layers.

[0513] At least one selected from the light emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 included in the display device DD-c according to one or more embodiments may contain the amine compound according to one or more embodiments described above.

[0514] The light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure contains the above-mentioned amine compound according to one or more embodiments in at least one functional layer arranged between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2, and thus can exhibit characteristics of improved luminous efficiency and improved element life. The light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments can contain the above-mentioned amine compound in at least one selected from the hole transport region HTR, the light-emitting layer EML, and the electron transport region ETR arranged between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2, or in the capping layer CPL. For example, the amine compound according to one or more embodiments can be included in the hole transport region HTR of the light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments, and the light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments can exhibit characteristics of high luminous efficiency and long element life.

[0515] Because the amine compound according to one or more embodiments includes an amino group, a first substituent, a second substituent, and a third substituent, the stability of the amine compound can be increased, and the hole transport property of the amine compound can be improved. Therefore, the light-emitting element containing the amine compound according to one or more embodiments can have an increased element life and luminous efficiency. In addition, the light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments contains the amine compound according to one or more embodiments in the hole transport layer, and thus can exhibit characteristics of increased luminous efficiency and element life.

[0516] Figure 11A diagram showing an automobile AM ​​in which first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 are arranged. At least one selected from the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may be combined with reference to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figures 7 to 10 One of the explained display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c includes the same configuration.

[0517] exist Figure 11 In the figure, the vehicle is shown as an automobile AM, but this is only an example. For example, the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 can be arranged on other transportation equipment (such as bicycles, motorcycles, trains, ships, and / or airplanes). In addition, at least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 having the same configuration as one of the display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c can be incorporated into a personal computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital terminal, a game console, a portable electronic device, a television, a monitor, and / or an outdoor billboard. These are listed only as examples, and the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 can be incorporated into other electronic devices as long as they do not deviate from the present disclosure.

[0518] In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may include the Figures 3 to 6 The light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments described herein may include the amine compound of one or more embodiments. At least one selected from the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may include the light-emitting element ED including the amine compound of one or more embodiments, thereby improving display life.

[0519] refer to Figure 11 The automobile AM ​​may include a steering wheel HA and a gearshift GR for operating the automobile AM. In addition, the automobile AM ​​may include a front window GL arranged to face the driver.

[0520] The first display device DD-1 may be arranged in a first area overlapping the steering wheel HA. For example, the first display device DD-1 may be a digital instrument panel displaying first information about the automobile AM. The first information may include a first scale indicating the driving speed of the automobile AM, a second scale indicating the engine speed (i.e., revolutions per minute (RPM)), and an image indicating the fuel status. The first scale and the second scale may each be represented by a digital image.

[0521] The second display device DD-2 can be arranged in a second area opposite to the driver's seat (for example, facing the driver's seat) and overlapping with the front window GL. The driver's seat can be the seat that the steering wheel HA faces. For example, the second display device DD-2 can be a head-up display (HUD) showing the second information of the automobile AM. The second display device DD-2 can be optically transparent. The second information may include a numerical value showing the driving speed of the automobile AM ​​and may further include information including the current time. In one or more embodiments, the second information of the second display device DD-2 can be projected and displayed on the front window GL.

[0522] The third display device DD-3 may be positioned in a third area adjacent to the gearshift gearbox GR. For example, the third display device DD-3 may be a central information display (CID) for the vehicle AM, positioned between the driver's seat and the passenger seat, and displaying third information. The passenger seat may be separate from the driver's seat, with the gearshift gearbox GR positioned between the driver's seat and the passenger seat. The third information may include information about road conditions (e.g., navigation information), information about playing music or radio, information about playing dynamic images (or images), and / or information about the temperature within the vehicle AM.

[0523] The fourth display device DD-4 may be positioned in a fourth area, spaced apart from the steering wheel HA and the gearshift GR, and adjacent to one side of the automobile AM. For example, the fourth display device DD-4 may be a digital rearview mirror that displays fourth information. The fourth display device DD-4 may display an image of the exterior of the automobile AM ​​captured by a camera module CM positioned outside the automobile AM. The fourth information may include an image of the exterior of the automobile AM.

[0524] The first to fourth information are for illustration purposes only, and the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may further display information related to the interior and exterior of the vehicle. The first to fourth information may include different information from one another. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and a portion of the first to fourth information may include the same information from one another.

[0525] Figure 12 It is a perspective view showing an electronic device according to an embodiment. Figure 13 It is an exploded perspective view showing an electronic device according to an embodiment.

[0526] The electronic device EA can display an image IM through the display surface EA-IS. The image IM may include a dynamic image and a static image. The display surface EA-IS may be parallel to a plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2. Figure 12The electronic device EA is described as having a flat display surface EA-IS, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. For example, the electronic device EA may include a curved display surface or a three-dimensional display surface. The three-dimensional display surface may include multiple display areas indicating different directions from each other.

[0527] The display surface EA-IS may include a display area EA-DA and a non-display area EA-NDA. The electronic device EA may display an image IM through the display area EA-DA.

[0528] The non-display area EA-NDA may have a predetermined color. The non-display area EA-NDA may be adjacent to the display area EA-DA. The non-display area EA-NDA may surround the display area EA-DA. Accordingly, the shape of the display area EA-DA may be substantially defined by the non-display area EA-NDA. However, Figure 12 For explanation, the non-display area EA-NDA may be provided adjacent to only one side of the display area EA-DA or the non-display area EA-NDA may be omitted.

[0529] refer to Figure 13 , the electronic device EA may include a display device DD. In addition, the electronic device EA may further include a window member WM and a housing HAU.

[0530] The window member WM may cover the entire outer side of the electronic device EA. The window member WM may include a transparent area TA and a frame area BZA. The front surface of the window member WM including the transparent area TA and the frame area BZA may correspond to the front surface of the electronic device EA. The transparent area TA may correspond to Figure 12 The display area EA-DA of the electronic device EA explained in FIG, and the frame area BZA may correspond to Figure 12 The non-display area EA-NDA of the electronic device EA is explained.

[0531] The transparent area TA may be an optically transparent area. The border area BZA may be an area with relatively low light transmittance compared to the transparent area TA. The border area BZA may have a predetermined color. The border area BZA may be adjacent to the transparent area TA and may surround the transparent area TA. The border area BZA may define the shape of the transparent area TA. However, embodiments of the present inventive concept are not limited thereto, and the border area BZA may be provided adjacent to only one side of the transparent area TA, or a portion of the border area BZA may be omitted.

[0532] The housing HAU may be made of a relatively rigid material. For example, the housing HAU may include a frame and / or plate made of glass, plastic, or metal. Multiple frames and / or plates may be provided. The housing HAU may provide a predetermined receiving space. The display device DD may be accommodated in the receiving space and protected from external impacts.

[0533] The display device DD may include a Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figures 7 to 10 The display device DD may include a display device DD-TD, a display device DD-a, a display device DD-b, and a display device DD-c. Figures 3 to 6 Accordingly, the electronic device EA including the display device DD according to the embodiment can exhibit excellent reliability.

[0534] The active area DM-AA and the peripheral area DM-NAA may be defined in the display device DD. Figure 12 The display area EA-DA explained in FIG is overlapped, and the peripheral area DM-NAA can be overlapped with Figure 12 The non-display area EA-NDA overlap is illustrated in FIG.

[0535] The active area DM-AA may be an area activated according to an electrical signal. The peripheral area DM-NAA may be an area positioned adjacent to at least one side of the active area DM-AA. The active area DM-AA may include Figure 1 The non-luminescent area NPXA and the luminescent areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B explained in the figure are shown. The peripheral area DM-NAA may be provided to surround the active area DM-AA. However, embodiments of the present inventive concept are not limited thereto, and unlike what is shown, some peripheral areas DM-NAA may be omitted. A driving circuit or driving wiring for driving the active area DM-AA may be provided in the peripheral area DM-NAA.

[0536] The electronic device EA according to the embodiment includes the above-described display device, and may further include a module or device having another function in addition to the display device. Figure 14 FIG is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment. Figure 14 , the electronic device EA according to the embodiment may include a display module 11 , a processor 12 , a memory 13 , and a power module 14 .

[0537] The processor 12 may include at least one of a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor (AP), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a communication processor (CP), an image signal processor (ISP), and a controller. Data and information necessary for the operation of the processor 12 or the display module 11 may be stored in the memory 13. When the processor 12 executes an application stored in the memory 13, image data signals and / or input control signals are transmitted to the display module 11, and the display module 11 may process the received signals and output image information through the display screen.

[0538] The power module 14 may include a power supply module (eg, a power adapter or a battery device) and a power conversion module that converts power supplied from the power supply module to generate power necessary for the operation of the electronic device EA.

[0539] The display module 11 may include a reference Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figures 7 to 10 At least some of the configurations of the display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c described above. For example, the display module 11 may include reference Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figures 7 to 10 The display module 11 may further include an optical layer PP ( Figure 2 )、Light control layer CCL( Figure 7 and Figure 10 ), color filter layer CFL ( Figure 7 and Figure 10 ) and the optical auxiliary layer PL( Figure 9 ) at least one of .

[0540] The electronic device EA may further include an input module 15 , a non-image output module 16 and / or a communication module 17 .

[0541] The input module 15 may provide input information to the processor 12 and / or the display module 11. The input module 15 may include various sensor modules as well as physical buttons, a keyboard, and a microphone. Examples of the sensor module include a touch sensor, a pressure sensor, a distance sensor, a position sensor, a digitizer, a motion recognition sensor, a camera sensor, a light detector, a photoelectric conversion sensor, a temperature sensor, and a biosensor (e.g., a blood pressure sensor, a blood sugar sensor, an electrocardiogram sensor, and a heart rate sensor).

[0542] The non-image output module 16 may receive information other than the image transmitted from the processor 12 and provide the information to the user. Examples of the non-image output module 16 include an audio module, a tactile module, a lighting module, etc., and may also include other functional modules dedicated to electronic devices (e.g., a cooling module of a refrigerator, etc.).

[0543] The communication module 17 is a module responsible for transmitting and receiving information between the electronic device EA and an external device, and may include a receiving part and a transmitting part. The communication module 17 may include various wireless communication modules (such as a mobile communication module, a Wi-Fi module, and a Bluetooth module) or various wired communication modules.

[0544] At least one of the configurations of the electronic device EA may include at least one of the display devices (DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c) according to the embodiments described above. Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figures 7 to 10 ). In addition, some individual modules functionally included in one module may be included in the display device, and other modules may be provided separately from the display device. For example, the display device may include the display module 11, and the processor 12, the memory 13, and the power module 14 may be provided in the electronic device EA in the form of other devices in addition to the display device.

[0545] Figure 15 and Figure 16 Schematic diagram showing an electronic device according to various embodiments. Figure 15 and Figure 16 , applying the display device according to the embodiment (at least one of DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c, Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figures 7 to 10 ) include not only image display electronic devices (e.g., smartphones 10_1a, tablet personal computers 10_1b, laptop computers 10_1c, TVs 10_1d, and desktop monitors 10_1e), but also wearable electronic devices including display modules (e.g., smart glasses 10_2a, head-mounted displays 10_2b, and smart watches 10_2c). However, these are embodiments, and electronic devices according to embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0546] Hereinafter, with reference to example embodiments and comparative embodiments, the amine compound according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure and the light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments will be explained in more detail. In addition, the example embodiments described herein are for illustration to facilitate understanding of the present disclosure, but the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0547] Example

[0548] 1. Synthesis of amine compounds

[0549] First, the synthesis method of the amine compound according to one or more embodiments will be explained by citing the synthesis method of Example compounds 32, 33, 35, 38, 40, 84, 159, 172, 185, 409, and 201. However, the synthesis method of the amine compound to be explained below is an example embodiment, and the synthesis method of the amine compound according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited to these example embodiments described herein.

[0550] The amine compound according to one or more embodiments may be synthesized according to Reaction Scheme 1.

[0551] Reaction Scheme 1

[0552]

[0553] In Reaction Scheme 1, wherein Ar 2 The compound BP-A which is a phenanthryl group can react with the raw material SM-A to obtain the intermediate Int-A. The primary amine An can react with the intermediate Int-A to obtain the secondary amine intermediate Int-C, and the aryl halide Hal can react with the secondary amine intermediate Int-C to obtain the intermediate wherein Ar 2 is an amine compound (1) of a phenanthryl group. In addition, in Reaction Scheme 1, wherein Ar 1 The compound BP-B which is a phenanthryl group can react with the raw material SM-B to obtain the intermediate Int-B. The primary amine An can react with the intermediate Int-B to obtain the secondary amine intermediate Int-C, and the aryl halide Hal can react with the secondary amine intermediate Int-C to obtain the intermediate wherein Ar 1 It is an amine compound (1) containing a phenanthrenyl group.

[0554] In other words, Reaction Scheme 1 describes a reaction wherein the phenanthrenyl group Ar 2 The compound BP-A reacts with the raw material SM-A to form an intermediate Int-A. Then, the intermediate reacts with a primary amine An to produce a secondary amine intermediate Int-C, which further reacts with an aryl halide Hal to produce a phenanthroline Ar. 2 Similarly, the amine compound (1) having a phenanthrenyl group Ar 1 The compound BP-B reacts with the raw material SM-B to form the intermediate Int-B. This intermediate also reacts with the primary amine An to produce the secondary amine intermediate Int-C, which then reacts with the aryl halide Hal to produce the intermediate having the phenanthrene group Ar. 1 Amine compound (1).

[0555] 1-1, Synthesis of Compound 32, Compound 33, Compound 35, Compound 84, Compound 159, Compound 172, Compound 185, Compound 409 and Compound 201

[0556] Example Compound 32, Example Compound 33, Example Compound 35, Example Compound 84, Example Compound 159, Example Compound 172, Example Compound 185, Example Compound 409, and Example Compound 201 can be synthesized by referring to the steps of Reaction Scheme 2 and appropriately adjusting the reactants.

[0557] Reaction Scheme 2

[0558]

[0559] Compound BP-A used in the following synthetic examples is described in more detail herein. 2 , compound BP-A 3 、Intermediate Int-A 2 、Intermediate Int-A 3 、Intermediate Int-C 2 、Intermediate Int-C 3 , aryl halide Hal 2 , aryl halide Hal 3 , aryl halide Hal 4 , aryl halide Hal 5 , aryl halide Hal 6 and aryl halides Hal 7 structure.

[0560]

[0561] Intermediate Int-A 1 Synthesis

[0562] The raw material SM-A 1 (16.7 g, 62.5 mmol), compound BP-A 1 A mixture of 1,4-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane (1,2-dextrose, 1,4 ... 1 (16.5 g, 72% yield).

[0563] Intermediate Int-A 2 Synthesis

[0564] With intermediate Int-A 1 The intermediate Int-A was obtained in basically the same way. 2 (yield 75%), except that compound BP-A 2 Replacement compound BP-A1 .

[0565] Intermediate Int-A 3 Synthesis

[0566] With intermediate Int-A 1 The intermediate Int-A was obtained in basically the same way. 3 (yield 66%), only compound BP-A was used 3 Replacement compound BP-A 1 .

[0567] Intermediate Int-C 1 Synthesis

[0568] Intermediate Int-A 1 (16.5 g, 45.3 mmol), primary amine An 1 (11.8 g, 127 mmol), bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0) (Pd(dba)2) (2.35 g, 4.08 mmol), tri(tert-butyl)phosphine ( t Bu3P) (2M in toluene, 3.63 mL, 7.25 mmol) and sodium tert-butoxide (NaO t A mixture of 4-(4-(4-(4-oxo-2-nitropropene)-1-oxo-1 ... 1 (9.95 g, 52% yield).

[0569] Intermediate Int-C 2 Synthesis

[0570] With the intermediate Int-C 1 The intermediate Int-C was obtained in basically the same way. 2 (yield 55%), except that intermediate Int-A was used 2 Replace intermediate Int-A 1 .

[0571] Intermediate Int-C 3 Synthesis

[0572] With the intermediate Int-C 1 The intermediate Int-C was obtained in basically the same way. 3 (yield 43%), except that intermediate Int-A was used 3 Replace intermediate Int-A 1 .

[0573] Synthesis of compound 409

[0574] The intermediate Int-C 1 (9.95 g, 23.6 mmol), aryl halide Hal 1 (7.34 g, 23.6 mmol), bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0) (1.76 g, 3.07 mmol), tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate ( t A mixture of Bu 3 P·HBF 4 (3.15 g, 10.9 mmol), sodium tert-butoxide (12.5 g, 130 mmol) and toluene (150 mL) was degassed and then stirred for about 9 hours while heating at about 110° C. under an argon atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled, filtered through Florisil, and concentrated. The obtained residue was purified by column chromatography (stationary phase: SiO 2 , eluent: toluene-hexane) to obtain compound 409 (16.2 g, yield 98%, the product was identified by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS), m / z value 699.3).

[0575] In other words, the intermediate Int-C 1 (9.95 g, 23.6 mmol), aryl halide Hal 1 A mixture of 4-(4-(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-nitropropane)-1-nitropropane-1-nitropropane)-1-nitropropane-1-nitropropane-1-nitropropane-2 ...

[0576] Synthesis of compound 32

[0577] Compound 32 was obtained in substantially the same manner as compound 409 (yield 97%, product was identified by FAB-MS measurement, m / z value was 623.3), except that an aryl halide Hal was used. 2 Replace aryl halide Hal 1 .

[0578] Synthesis of compound 84

[0579] Compound 84 was obtained in substantially the same manner as compound 409 (yield 99%, product was identified by FAB-MS measurement, m / z value was 573.3), except that an aryl halide Hal 3 Replace aryl halide Hal 1 .

[0580] Synthesis of compound 33

[0581] Compound 33 was obtained in substantially the same manner as compound 409 (yield 97%, product was identified by FAB-MS measurement, m / z value was 623.3), except that an aryl halide Hal 2 Replace aryl halide Hal 1 And use the intermediate Int-C 2 Replace intermediate Int-C 1 .

[0582] Synthesis of compound 35

[0583] Compound 35 was obtained in substantially the same manner as compound 409 (yield 90%, product was identified by FAB-MS measurement, m / z value was 623.3), except that an aryl halide Hal 2 Replace aryl halide Hal 1 And use the intermediate Int-C 3 Replace intermediate Int-C 1 .

[0584] Synthesis of compound 201

[0585] Compound 201 was obtained in substantially the same manner as compound 409 (yield 88%, product was identified by FAB-MS measurement, m / z value was 587.2), except that an aryl halide Hal 4 Replace aryl halide Hal 1 And use the intermediate Int-C 3 Replace intermediate Int-C 1 .

[0586] Synthesis of compound 159

[0587] Compound 159 was obtained in substantially the same manner as compound 409 (yield 93%, product was identified by FAB-MS measurement, m / z value was 663.3), except that an aryl halide Hal was used. 5 Replace aryl halide Hal 1 .

[0588] Synthesis of compound 172

[0589] Compound 172 was obtained in substantially the same manner as compound 409 (yield 90%, product was identified by FAB-MS measurement, m / z value was 679.2), except that an aryl halide Hal 6 Replace aryl halide Hal 1 .

[0590] Synthesis of compound 185

[0591] Compound 185 was obtained in substantially the same manner as compound 409 (yield 95%, product was identified by FAB-MS measurement, m / z value was 738.3), except that an aryl halide Hal 7 Replace aryl halide Hal 1 .

[0592] 1-2. Synthesis of Compound 38 and Compound 40

[0593] Example Compound 38 and Example Compound 40 were synthesized by appropriately adjusting the reactants and referring to the steps of Reaction Scheme 3.

[0594] Reaction Scheme 3

[0595]

[0596] The compound BP-B used in the following synthesis examples is disclosed herein. 2 、Intermediate Int-B 2 and intermediate Int-C 5 structure.

[0597]

[0598] Intermediate Int-B 1 Synthesis

[0599] With intermediate Int-A 1 The intermediate Int-B was obtained in basically the same way. 1 (yield 70%), only using raw material SM-B 1 Replace the raw material SM-A in reaction scheme 2 1 And using compound BP-B 1 Replacement compound BP-A 1 .

[0600] Intermediate Int-B 2 Synthesis

[0601] With intermediate Int-B 1 The intermediate Int-B was obtained in basically the same way. 2 (yield 65%), only compound BP-B was used2 Replacement compound BP-B 1 .

[0602] Intermediate Int-C 4 Synthesis

[0603] With the intermediate Int-C 1 The intermediate Int-C was obtained in basically the same way. 4 (yield 50%), only using intermediate Int-B 1 Replace the intermediate Int-A in reaction scheme 2 1 .

[0604] Intermediate Int-C 5 Synthesis

[0605] With the intermediate Int-C 4 The intermediate Int-C was obtained in basically the same way. 5 (yield 42%), only using intermediate Int-B 2 Replace intermediate Int-B 1 .

[0606] Synthesis of compound 38

[0607] Compound 38 was obtained in substantially the same manner as compound 409 (yield 98%, product was identified by FAB-MS measurement, m / z value was 623.3), except that an aryl halide Hal 2 Replace aryl halide Hal 1 And use the intermediate Int-C 4 Replace intermediate Int-C 1 .

[0608] Synthesis of compound 40

[0609] Compound 40 was obtained in substantially the same manner as compound 409 (yield 96%, product was identified by FAB-MS measurement, m / z value was 623.3), except that an aryl halide Hal 2 Replace aryl halide Hal 1 And use the intermediate Int-C 5 Replace intermediate Int-C 1 .

[0610] 2. Manufacturing and evaluation of light-emitting components

[0611] The light-emitting elements according to one or more embodiments, including the amine compound according to one or more embodiments in the hole transport layer, were manufactured by the methods described herein. The light-emitting elements according to Examples 1 to 11 were each manufactured using the amine compounds of Compound 32, Compound 84, Compound 33, Compound 38, Compound 40, Compound 35, Compound 201, Compound 159, Compound 172, Compound 409, and Compound 185, which are the example compounds explained above, as the material for the hole transport layer. The light-emitting elements according to Comparative Examples 1 to 8 correspond to light-emitting elements manufactured using Comparative Example Compounds C1 to C8, respectively, as the material for the hole transport layer.

[0612] Example compounds

[0613] Comparative Example Compounds

[0614]

[0615] As the first electrode, a Corning 15Ω / cm 2 (about ) ITO glass substrate was cut into a size of 50 mm × 50 mm × 0.7 mm, rinsed with isopropyl alcohol and then ultrapure water, each cleaned using ultrasonic cleaning for about 5 minutes, exposed to UV for about 30 minutes and then treated with ozone. Then, 4,4',4"-tris[N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA) was vacuum deposited to about Then, the example compound or the comparative example compound was vacuum deposited to a thickness of about to form a hole transport layer.

[0616] On the hole transport layer, a blue fluorescent host of 9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (ADN) and a fluorescent dopant of 2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butylperylene (TBP) were co-deposited at a ratio of about 97:3 (eg, weight ratio) to form a film with a thickness of about 100 nm. luminescent layer.

[0617] On the light-emitting layer, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3) was formed with a thickness of about The electron transport layer is then formed by depositing LiF to a thickness of about On the electron injection layer, aluminum (Al) is used to form a layer with a thickness of about the second electrode.

[0618] The compound used for manufacturing each of the functional layers of the light-emitting element is as follows.

[0619]

[0620] Evaluation of light-emitting components

[0621] The performance of each of the light-emitting elements according to the embodiment and the comparative example was evaluated, and the evaluation results are listed in Table 1. In Table 1, the relative luminous efficiency and relative element life of each of the manufactured light-emitting elements are shown. The luminous efficiency is shown at about 10 mA / cm 2 The luminous efficiency value at a current density of about 10mA / cm 2 The brightness half-life value at a current density of . The decrease in purity is expressed as a percentage (%) of the difference in purity between the material before and after deposition, that is, the material of the amine compound.

[0622] The current density and luminous efficiency of each light-emitting element were evaluated in a dark room using a source meter of the 2400 series from Keithley Instruments Co., Ltd., a luminance and colorimeter of the CS-200 from Konica Minolta Co., Ltd., and a PC program LabVIEW 8.2 for measurement from National Instruments Co., Ltd.

[0623] In addition, relative luminous efficiency and relative device lifetime of each light-emitting element are listed with respect to 100% luminous efficiency and device lifetime values ​​of the light-emitting element according to Comparative Example 2.

[0624] Table 1

[0625]

[0626]

[0627] Referring to the results in Table 1, it can be seen that each of the light-emitting elements according to the examples using the amine compound according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure as a material for the hole transport layer exhibited high luminous efficiency and long element life compared to the light-emitting element according to the comparative example. It can be seen that when the comparative example compound was applied to the light-emitting element, the light-emitting element had reduced luminous efficiency and a shortened element life compared to the example compound. For example, referring to Table 1, it can be seen that the light-emitting element using the amine compound according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure had element characteristics of improved luminous efficiency and element life compared to the light-emitting element according to the comparative example embodiment.

[0628] The amine compound according to one or more embodiments includes the first, second, and third substituents disclosed herein connected to the core nitrogen atom of the amine group of the amine compound, and thus can achieve improved high luminous efficiency and long element life of the light emitting element.

[0629] In the amine compound represented by Formula 1 according to one or more embodiments, the first substituent may include a benzene moiety and a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl and an unsubstituted phenyl group each connected to the benzene moiety. In this regard, the substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl and the unsubstituted phenyl group may be connected to the benzene moiety and are ortho-relationships to each other. In addition, in the first substituent, any one selected from substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl and unsubstituted phenyl may be connected to the benzene moiety in a para position relative to the nitrogen atom of the amine group, and the other may be connected to the benzene moiety in an ortho position relative to the aforementioned one. The amine compound according to one or more embodiments may have excellent or appropriate thermal stability and high charge transport capability due to the introduction of such a substituent and a specified substitution position. Therefore, the amine compound according to one or more embodiments may have improved luminous efficiency and component life. Accordingly, the light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments including the amine compound according to one or more embodiments may have improved luminous efficiency and component life.

[0630] The comparative compound C1 contained in the light-emitting element according to Comparative Example 1 corresponds to the compound wherein Ar in Formula 1 of the present disclosure 3 and Ar 4 As in the case of the comparative compound C1, if one of the groups selected from Ar 3 and Ar 4 Any one including 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl (e.g., selected from Ar 3 and Ar 4 When any one of the compounds includes a 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl group, the hole transport properties and thermal stability of the molecule may be reduced. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the light-emitting element according to Comparative Example 1 including Comparative Example Compound C1 has reduced luminous efficiency and shortened element life compared to the light-emitting element according to the embodiment.

[0631] The comparative compound C2 contained in the light-emitting element according to Comparative Example 2 corresponds to the compound wherein Ar in Formula 1 of the present disclosure 2 This is the case of 9-phenanthrenyl. Unlike phenanthrenyl with other substitution positions, 9-phenanthrenyl can induce increased spatial distortion at the bonding site. 1 or Ar 2In compounds containing a 9-phenanthrenyl group, it is desirable and necessary to introduce a substituent (e.g., a naphthylphenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a 9-phenylcarbazolyl group, or a 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl group) that can compensate for the deterioration in stability caused by the introduction of the 9-phenanthrenyl group. However, Comparative Example Compound C2 does not include such a substituent, resulting in a decrease in thermal stability. Therefore, it was observed that the light-emitting element according to Comparative Example 2 containing Comparative Example Compound C2 had reduced luminous efficiency and a shortened element life compared to the light-emitting element according to the embodiment.

[0632] In contrast, although Example Compound 40, Example Compound 35, and Example Compound 201 contain a 9-phenanthryl group, Example Compound 40, Example Compound 35, and Example Compound 201 contain a substituent (e.g., naphthylphenyl or dibenzofuranyl), and thus their thermal stability can be improved. Therefore, it can be seen that the light-emitting elements according to Examples 5, 6, and 7, which contain Example Compound 40, Example Compound 35, and Example Compound 201, respectively, have improved luminous efficiency and element life compared to the light-emitting element according to Comparative Example 2.

[0633] The comparative compound C3 contained in the light-emitting element according to Comparative Example 3 corresponds to the compound wherein Ar in Formula 1 of the present disclosure 3 and Ar 4 As in the case of comparative compound C3, if in addition to Ar 1 or Ar 2 In addition, the additional phenanthrene group is directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amine group (for example, when in addition to Ar 1 or Ar 2 In addition, when the additional phenanthryl group is directly bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amine group), there is an effect of increasing intermolecular interaction, and thus the deposition temperature may be excessively increased (or significantly increased). Therefore, due to the increase in deposition temperature, Comparative Example Compound C3 shows a tendency that the material is easily decomposed during the deposition process, and the light-emitting element according to Comparative Example 3 containing Comparative Example Compound C3 shows reduced luminous efficiency and shortened element life compared to the light-emitting element according to the embodiment.

[0634] According to the comparative example compound C4 and comparative example compound C5 respectively contained in the light-emitting element of comparative example 4 and comparative example 5, each corresponds to a compound in which the bonding relationship between the phenanthryl group and the unsubstituted phenyl group is different from the bonding relationship between the phenanthryl group and the unsubstituted phenyl group of the embodiment compound. In comparative example compound C4 and comparative example compound C5, the phenanthryl group and the unsubstituted phenyl group contained in the amine compound are connected with a meta relationship rather than with an ortho relationship, and the beneficial spatial effect induced in the embodiment compound may not be obtained by this bonding relationship, resulting in a reduction in the characteristics of charge balance adjustment and charge transfer. In addition, as in comparative example compound C4, if any one selected from phenanthryl and unsubstituted phenyl is not in a para relationship relative to the nuclear nitrogen atom of the amine group (for example, when any one selected from phenanthryl and unsubstituted phenyl is not in a para relationship relative to the nuclear nitrogen atom of the amine group), the conjugation effect with the nitrogen atom of the amine group may not be obtained, resulting in a reduction in molecular stability. In addition, the comparative compound C5 includes an unsubstituted phenyl group substituted on the phenylene group arranged between the nitrogen-phenanthrenyl groups and placed in the ortho position relative to the nitrogen atom of the amine group, but the unsubstituted phenyl group causes obvious spatial distortion near the nitrogen atom of the amine group, thereby reducing the molecular stability. Therefore, compared with the light-emitting element according to the embodiment, the light-emitting elements according to Comparative Examples 4 and 5, which contain Comparative Example Compounds C4 and C5, respectively, exhibit reduced luminous efficiency and shortened element life.

[0635] The amine compounds according to the examples each contain a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthryl group and an unsubstituted phenyl group bonded in a specific positional relationship, and thus produce materials having excellent or appropriate charge transport capabilities and material stability, compared to Comparative Examples 4 and 5. As a result, the light-emitting elements according to the examples each have improved luminous efficiency and element life compared to the light-emitting elements according to Comparative Examples 4 and 5.

[0636] The comparative compound C6 contained in the light-emitting element according to Comparative Example 6 corresponds to the compound wherein Ar in Formula 1 of the present disclosure 3 and Ar 4 In the case where one of the compounds contains a pyridyl group. A pyridyl group is a substituent that is not suitable for hole transport, and therefore if a compound containing such a substituent is applied to a light-emitting element (for example, when a compound containing such a substituent is applied to a light-emitting element), the charge balance in the light-emitting element may be destroyed. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the light-emitting element according to Comparative Example 6 containing Comparative Example Compound C6 exhibits reduced luminous efficiency and a reduced element life compared to the light-emitting element according to the embodiment.

[0637] The comparative example compound C7 contained in the light-emitting element of comparative example 7 is a compound having a structure in which a heterocyclic substituent (benzonaphthothiophene) having a high flatness is connected to an amine group via a phenylene linker. In this way, the heterocyclic substituent having a high flatness is connected to the amine group via a linker, and the intermolecular interaction is excessively increased (or significantly increased), thereby increasing the deposition temperature, which can cause an increase in the decomposition of the molecule during the deposition process. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the light-emitting element according to comparative example 7 has a reduced luminous efficiency and a reduced element life.

[0638] Compared to the embodiment compounds, the comparative example compound C8 contained in the light-emitting element according to comparative example 8 corresponds to a compound in which a biphenyl group is substituted in the ortho position relative to the phenanthryl group instead of a phenyl group. When substituted by a biphenyl group having a large volume compared to the phenyl group, the spatial distortion near the nitrogen atom of the amine group can be increased. Therefore, due to the spatial distortion caused by the introduction of the biphenyl group, the comparative example compound C8 has reduced molecular stability, and therefore, compared to the light-emitting element according to the embodiment, the light-emitting element according to comparative example 8 containing the comparative example compound C8 shows reduced luminous efficiency and reduced element life.

[0639] The light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments contains the amine compound according to one or more embodiments, and thus can exhibit characteristics of high light emission efficiency and long element life.

[0640] When the amine compound according to one or more embodiments is applied to a light-emitting element, the light-emitting element may exhibit characteristics of high luminous efficiency and long element life.

[0641] The display device according to one or more embodiments may exhibit excellent or appropriate display quality by including the light emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0642] As utilized herein, the terms "substantially," "about," or similar terms are used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and are intended to take into account the inherent deviations in measurements or calculations that one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize. As used herein, "about" is inclusive of the recited value and means within an acceptable range of deviation determined for the particular value by one of ordinary skill in the art taking into account the measurements in question and the errors associated with the measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., limitations of the measurement system). For example, "about" can mean within one or more standard deviations of the recited value, or within ±30%, ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the recited value.

[0643] In the context of this application and unless otherwise defined, the terms "use," "using," and "used" may be considered synonymous with the terms "utilize," "utilizing," and "utilized," respectively.

[0644] Any numerical range set forth in this article is intended to include all subranges of the same numerical precision falling within the scope of setting forth. For example, the range of "1.0 to 10.0" is intended to include between the minimum value of 1.0 set forth and the maximum value of 10.0 set forth (and including 1.0 and 10.0), that is, all subranges with a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limit set forth in this article is intended to include all lower numerical limits falling therein and any minimum numerical limit set forth in this specification is intended to include all higher numerical limits falling therein. Accordingly, the applicant reserves the right to amend this specification (including claims) to explicitly set forth any subrange falling within the scope explicitly set forth in this article.

[0645] The light-emitting elements, display devices, display apparatuses or any other related apparatus / devices or components according to the embodiments of the present disclosure described herein may be implemented using any appropriate hardware, firmware (e.g., application specific integrated circuits), software, or a combination of software, firmware, and hardware. For example, the various components of the device may be formed on an integrated circuit (IC) chip or on separate IC chips. Further, the various components of the device may be implemented on a flexible printed circuit film, a tape carrier package (TCP), or a printed circuit board (PCB), or formed on a substrate. Further, the various components of the device may be processes or threads that run on one or more processors in one or more computing devices, execute computer program instructions, and interact with other system components to perform the various functions described herein. The computer program instructions are stored in a memory that may be implemented in a computing device using a standard storage device such as, for example, a random access memory (RAM). The computer program instructions may also be stored in other non-transitory computer-readable media such as, for example, a CD-ROM or a flash drive. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that the functions of various computing devices may be combined or integrated into a single computing device, or the functions of a particular computing device may be distributed across one or more other computing devices without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0646] In the present disclosure, each appropriate feature of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be partially or completely combined together or combined with each other, and may be technically interlocked and operated in various appropriate ways, and unless otherwise stated or implied, each embodiment may be implemented independently of each other or in combination with each other in any appropriate manner.

[0647] Although one or more embodiments of the present disclosure have been described so far with reference to exemplary embodiments, it should be understood that one or more appropriate changes and modifications may be made by a person of ordinary skill in the art or a person having ordinary knowledge in the art without departing from the spirit and technical scope of the present disclosure as defined in the claims. Accordingly, the technical scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the contents described in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure, but is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An amine compound represented by Formula 1: Formula 1 in, In formula 1, Selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 Any one of which is represented by Formula 2 or Formula 3 and is selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 The other one is an unsubstituted phenyl group, Ar 3 and Ar 4 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, L is a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, R 1 is hydrogen, deuterium, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and n1 is an integer selected from 0 to 3: Formula 2 Formula 3 Among them, in formula 2 and formula 3, R 2 and R 3 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, n2 and n3 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 9, -* is the position connected to Formula 1, and In formula 1, When selected from Ar 1 and Ar 2 When any one of the following is represented by Formula 3, Ar 3 and Ar 4 At least one of the following comprises a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 9-phenylcarbazolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl group, Ar 3 and Ar 4 Excluding substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing six-membered heterocycles, substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl groups and boron-containing groups, When the amine compound includes a four-membered fused heterocyclic ring, the four-membered fused heterocyclic ring is directly bonded to the nitrogen atom in Formula 1, Excluding the group consisting of Ar 3 and Ar 4 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl group, and At least one hydrogen of the amine compound represented by Formula 1 is optionally substituted with deuterium.

2. The amine compound according to claim 1, wherein the amine compound represented by Formula 1 is represented by Formula 2-1 or Formula 2-2: Formula 2-1 Formula 2-2 In formula 2-1 and formula 2-2, R 1 、n1、L、Ar 1 、Ar 2 、Ar 3 and Ar 4 Each is the same as defined in Formula 1.

3. The amine compound according to claim 1, wherein Ar 3 and Ar 4 Each is independently a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothienyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group.

4. The amine compound according to claim 3, wherein When Ar 3 and Ar 4 When each is substituted, Ar 3 and Ar 4 Each substituent is deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl, substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl, substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothienyl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrenyl.

5. The amine compound according to claim 1, wherein the amine compound represented by Formula 1 is represented by Formula 3: Formula 3 In formula 3, R 1a 、R 1b and R 1c are each independently hydrogen or deuterium, and L、Ar 1 、Ar 2 、Ar 3 and Ar 4 Each is the same as defined in Formula 1.

6. The amine compound according to claim 1, wherein the amine compound represented by Formula 1 is represented by any one selected from Formula 4-1 to Formula 4-4: Formula 4-1 Formula 4-2 Formula 4-3 Formula 4-4 In formula 4-1 to formula 4-4, Ar 3a and Ar 4a are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, Selected from Ar 3a and Ar 4a At least one of the following comprises a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 9-phenylcarbazolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl group, R 1 、n1、L、Ar 1 、Ar 2 、Ar 3 and Ar 4 are each the same as defined in Formula 1, and R 2 、R 3 , n2 and n3 are each the same as defined in Formula 2 and Formula 3.

7. The amine compound according to claim 1, wherein the amine compound represented by Formula 1 is represented by any one selected from Formula 5-1 to Formula 5-3: Formula 5-1 Formula 5-2 Formula 5-3 and in, In formula 5-1 to formula 5-3, R 4 to R 8 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms, Z is O, S, or NR 9 or CR 10 R 11 , R 9 to R 11 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, n4 is an integer selected from 0 to 5, n5 and n8 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4, n6 is an integer selected from 0 to 7, n7 is an integer selected from 0 to 3, In formula 5-1, select Ar 1 and Ar 2 When any one of the following is expressed by formula 3, R 4 is a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 9-phenylcarbazolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted 9,9-diphenylfluorenyl group, and R 1 、n1、L、Ar 1 、Ar 2 and Ar 4 Each is the same as defined in Formula 1.

8. The amine compound according to claim 1, wherein the amine compound represented by Formula 1 is represented by Formula 6, and The amine compound satisfies any one of the combinations listed in Compound Combination Table 1: Formula 6 In Equation 6, Ar i is any one selected from substituent group A, Ar ii is any one selected from substituent group B, and Ar iii is any one selected from substituent group C, Substituent Group A Substituent Group B Substituent Group C In the substituent group A, the substituent group B, and the substituent group C, -* is a position connected to N in Formula 6, Compound combination table 1 9. A light-emitting element, comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode on the first electrode; as well as At least one functional layer is between the first electrode and the second electrode and includes the amine compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The light-emitting element according to claim 9, wherein the at least one functional layer comprises: luminescent layer; a hole transport region between the first electrode and the light-emitting layer; as well as an electron transport region between the light emitting layer and the second electrode, and wherein the hole transporting region comprises the amine compound.

11. The light-emitting element according to claim 10, wherein the hole transport region comprises: a hole injection layer on the first electrode; as well as a hole transport layer on the hole injection layer, and wherein the hole transport layer comprises the amine compound.

12. An electronic device comprising: basal layer; a circuit layer on the base layer; as well as A display element layer is provided on the circuit layer and includes the light emitting element according to any one of claims 9 to 11.

13. The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein: The light emitting element further includes a capping layer on the second electrode, and The capping layer has a refractive index of at least 1.6 for light in the wavelength range of 550 nm to 660 nm.

14. The electronic device according to claim 12, further comprising a light control layer on the display element layer and comprising quantum dots, wherein the light emitting element emits light of a first color, and The light control layer comprises: a first light control member including first quantum dots that convert first color light into second color light in a wavelength range longer than that of the first color light; a second light control member including second quantum dots that convert the first color light into third color light in a wavelength range longer than the wavelength range of the first color light and the wavelength range of the second color light; as well as The third light control component transmits the first color light.

15. The electronic device of claim 14, further comprising a color filter layer on the light control layer, wherein the color filter layer comprises: a first color filter configured to transmit light of the second color; a second color filter configured to transmit the third color light; as well as A third color filter is configured to transmit the first color light.

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