An emergency response system and method for hydrogen refueling mother station leaks

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen energy technology, specifically an emergency handling system and method for leaks at a hydrogen refueling mother station. The system includes a hydrogen purification unit, a compression unit, and a filling unit connected in sequence, along with supporting pipelines, shut-off valves, regulating valves, and pressure and flow meters. Multiple leak detection units are deployed in leak-prone areas, and control units are configured. The method reduces the false alarm rate through multi-sensor collaborative verification; upon confirmation of a leak, it intelligently determines whether the leak occurred in the purification, compression, or filling unit area by analyzing the combined patterns of pressure and flow rate changes at the outlets of the purification and compression units; and automatically triggers corresponding interlocking control logic based on different leak areas, executing shut-off, controlled-rate depressurization, and segmented nitrogen purging procedures. This invention solves the problems of high false alarm rate, difficulty in leak location, slow response, and low purging efficiency in existing technologies, significantly improving the safety and automation level of hydrogen refueling mother stations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen energy technology and relates to hydrogen safety production technology, specifically to an emergency handling system and method for leaks at a hydrogen refueling mother station. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy is increasingly widely used in industrial applications as a clean energy source. However, hydrogen has characteristics such as a low lower explosive limit (4% VOL), rapid diffusion rate, and low ignition energy (0.02 MJ), making it highly susceptible to combustion and explosion accidents in the event of a leak. Existing hydrogen safety monitoring systems have the following key shortcomings:

[0003] 1. Insufficient reliability of leak detection

[0004] High false alarm rate of single sensor: Traditional systems rely on a single type of detector (such as using only combustible gas sensors), which are susceptible to environmental interference (such as welding sparks and steam) leading to false alarms.

[0005] High risk of missed detection: Hydrogen flames are invisible to the naked eye during the day, and ordinary infrared flame detectors have a weak response to hydrogen flames (the radiation intensity is only 1 / 10 of that of hydrocarbon flames). Although ultraviolet detectors are sensitive, they are easily interfered with by sunlight.

[0006] 2. Lack of leak location and classification.

[0007] The existing system can only trigger a global alarm and cannot distinguish between different leak areas (purification / compression / filling areas), resulting in low emergency response efficiency. It also lacks a leak scale classification mechanism: small and large leaks trigger the same response, leading to frequent shutdowns and economic losses.

[0008] 3. Low level of automation in emergency response.

[0009] Traditional methods rely on manual identification of the leak location and manual operation of the valve, with a response time of >5 minutes (ISO 22734-2021 requires ≤60 seconds), and manual operation carries the risk of accidental shut-off.

[0010] The nitrogen replacement process lacks precise control: Hydrogen production and purification systems are often large, making it difficult to achieve satisfactory replacement, and the replacement pressure fluctuates greatly (>±0.2MPa), which can easily lead to the formation of explosive mixtures (hydrogen concentration enters the 5%-75% explosive range).

[0011] In summary, the existing hydrogen safety monitoring and emergency response system has significant shortcomings in the entire chain of "detection-location-classification-disposal". There is an urgent need for an emergency monitoring and emergency response system and method for hydrogen refueling mother stations that can coordinate multiple sensors, automatically locate and classify, and implement precise replacement. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an emergency handling system and method for leaks at hydrogen refueling mother stations. By using multiple sensors along with production operation data to jointly determine the leak source, the system can accurately determine the size and area of ​​the leak and take different replacement methods according to different leak areas, thus ensuring the safety of equipment and facilities.

[0013] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve the technical problem is:

[0014] A first aspect of the present invention is to provide an emergency handling system for leaks at a hydrogen refueling mother station, comprising a hydrogen purification device, a compression device, and a filling device connected sequentially along the gas flow direction, and further comprising:

[0015] Multiple leak detection units are deployed around the hydrogen purification device, compression device, and filling device;

[0016] The process isolation valve group is respectively located upstream of the hydrogen purification device, between the hydrogen purification device and the compression device, and downstream of the filling device, and is used to cut off the hydrogen source and isolate the downstream in case of leakage;

[0017] The venting and nitrogen replacement circuit is connected to the hydrogen purification device, compression device, and filling device, and is used to release hydrogen and fill nitrogen at a predetermined rate after the leak is confirmed.

[0018] The control system is connected to the multiple leak detection units, process isolation valve groups, venting and nitrogen purging circuits, and is configured as follows:

[0019] When at least two leak detection units alarm simultaneously, it is determined that a real leak has occurred, and the process isolation valve group is immediately shut down;

[0020] Based on the pressure and flow rate trends at the outlets of the hydrogen purification unit and the compression unit, the functional zone where the leak is located is identified. For the identified functional zone where the leak is located, the corresponding venting and nitrogen replacement circuits are activated to reduce the hydrogen concentration in that zone to below the safety limit.

[0021] Furthermore, the leak detection unit includes an acoustic detector AE1, a combustible gas detector GE1, and a flame detector FE1.

[0022] Furthermore, the acoustic detector AE1 is configured to detect high-frequency ultrasonic waves in the range of 20kHz-100kHz; the combustible gas detector GE1 has a two-level alarm function and an alarm delay time of less than 20 seconds; and the flame detector FE1 is an ultraviolet-infrared composite flame detector.

[0023] Furthermore, the process isolation valve group includes: purification inlet shut-off valve XV1, purification outlet shut-off valve XV2, filling shut-off valve XV3, and long tube car shut-off valve XV6.

[0024] Furthermore, the system includes:

[0025] The raw material gas pipeline is equipped with the purification inlet shut-off valve XV1.

[0026] The product hydrogen pipeline connects the outlet of the hydrogen purification device and the inlet of the compression device, and is sequentially equipped with an online pressure gauge P1 for the purification outlet, an online flow meter F1 for the purification outlet, and a purification outlet shut-off valve XV2.

[0027] A compression outlet pipeline connects the outlet of the compression device and the inlet of the filling device, and is equipped with an online pressure gauge P2 and an online flow meter F2 at the compression outlet.

[0028] The filling main pipe is connected to the outlet of the filling device and is equipped with the filling shut-off valve XV3. The filling main pipe is connected to the long pipe trolley through the filling hose, and the long pipe trolley is equipped with the long pipe trolley shut-off valve XV6.

[0029] Furthermore, the venting and nitrogen replacement circuit includes:

[0030] The product hydrogen venting pipeline is connected to the product hydrogen pipeline and is equipped with a product hydrogen venting regulating valve HV2.

[0031] A filling and venting pipeline is connected to the filling main pipe and is equipped with a filling and venting regulating valve HV3.

[0032] A nitrogen main pipe is connected to the product hydrogen pipeline between the purification outlet shut-off valve XV2 and the inlet of the compression device, and is used to introduce nitrogen into the system. The nitrogen main pipe is equipped with a nitrogen regulating valve HV1 and a purification outlet nitrogen shut-off valve XV5.

[0033] Furthermore, the product hydrogen venting line and the filling venting line are also equipped with a check valve V1 to prevent gas backflow.

[0034] Furthermore, it also includes a pre-purification nitrogen pipeline, one end of which is connected to the main nitrogen pipeline and the other end is connected to the raw material gas pipeline downstream of the purification inlet shut-off valve XV1. The pre-purification nitrogen pipeline is equipped with a pre-purification nitrogen shut-off valve XV4.

[0035] A second aspect of the present invention is to provide an emergency handling method for a hydrogen refueling mother station leak based on the said system, comprising the following steps:

[0036] Hydrogen leakage is monitored using the aforementioned leakage detection unit;

[0037] When one of the aforementioned leak detection units alarms, it may indicate a minor leak or a false alarm, requiring on-site confirmation and handling.

[0038] When multiple leakage detection units alarm simultaneously, it is determined that a real leakage has occurred;

[0039] Close the process isolation valve assembly;

[0040] Analyze the changing trends of purification outlet pressure P1 and flow rate F1, as well as compression outlet pressure P2 and flow rate F2;

[0041] Determine the leakage area based on the following logic:

[0042] If both pressure P1 and pressure P2 decrease, and both flow rate F1 and flow rate F2 decrease, then it is determined that there is a leak in the hydrogen purification unit area.

[0043] If both pressure P1 and pressure P2 decrease, and flow rate F1 increases while flow rate F2 decreases, then it is determined that there is a leak in the compression unit area.

[0044] If both pressure P1 and pressure P2 decrease, and both flow rates F1 and F2 increase, it is determined that there is a leak in the filling device area; based on the identified leak area, a nitrogen purging procedure is initiated for that area.

[0045] Furthermore, the nitrogen purging procedure is as follows: after identifying the leaking zone, the pressure of the corresponding zone is first released to 0.1 MPa at a rate of 0.3-0.5 MPa / min, then nitrogen is introduced and maintained at 0.12 MPa for purging until all leak detection unit alarms disappear.

[0046] The advantages and positive effects of this invention are:

[0047] 1. This invention accurately determines the size of the leak by analyzing the number of alarms and the trends in pressure and flow rate changes, and takes different measures to handle different leaks, thus avoiding the situation where a small leak leads to a major shutdown.

[0048] 2. This invention can quickly identify the leak source area through a pressure-flow combination mode, which buys valuable time for further emergency response.

[0049] 3. This invention uses segmented replacement treatment in different leakage areas, which not only improves replacement efficiency and reduces shutdown losses, but also ensures rapid resumption of production in the later stage.

[0050] 4. This invention reduces the false alarm rate and avoids malfunctions caused by the failure of a single sensor by using multi-sensor collaborative verification (sound wave + combustible gas + flame). Attached Figure Description

[0051] Figure 1 : A schematic diagram of the process of this invention.

[0052] Figure 2The flowchart of the hydrogen leak detection process of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 3 : A flowchart of the emergency treatment process of this invention.

[0054] The components are: 1-Raw gas pipeline, 2-Nitrogen pipeline before purification, 3-Hydrogen purification unit, 4-Product hydrogen pipeline, 5-Product hydrogen vent pipeline, 6-Compression unit, 7-Compression outlet pipeline, 8-Filling unit, 9-Filling main pipe, 10-Filling vent pipeline, 11-Filling hose, 12-Nitrogen main pipe, 13-Long pipe cart, XV1-Purification inlet shut-off valve, XV2-Purification outlet shut-off valve, XV3-Filling shut-off valve, XV4-Nitrogen before purification. Shut-off valves: XV5 - Purification outlet nitrogen shut-off valve; XV6 - Long tube car shut-off valve; HV1 - Nitrogen regulating valve; HV2 - Product hydrogen vent regulating valve; HV3 - Filling vent regulating valve; V1 - Check valve; P1 - Purification outlet online pressure gauge; P2 - Compression outlet online pressure gauge; F1 - Purification outlet online flow meter; F2 - Compression outlet online flow meter; AE1 - Acoustic detector; GE1 - Combustible gas detector; FE1 - Flame detector. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments. The following embodiments are merely descriptive and not limiting, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] like Figure 1As shown in this embodiment, an emergency handling system and method for a hydrogen refueling mother station leak includes a purification inlet shut-off valve XV1, a purification outlet shut-off valve XV2, a filling shut-off valve XV3, a pre-purification nitrogen shut-off valve XV4, a purification outlet nitrogen shut-off valve XV5, a long-tube car shut-off valve XV6, a nitrogen regulating valve HV1, a product hydrogen vent regulating valve HV2, a filling vent regulating valve HV3, a check valve V1, a purification outlet online pressure gauge P1, a compression outlet online pressure gauge P2, a purification outlet online flow meter F1, a compression outlet online flow meter F2, an acoustic detector AE1, a combustible gas detector GE1, and a flame detector FE1. The raw material gas is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen purification unit 3 via raw material gas pipeline 1. A purification inlet shut-off valve XV1 is installed on the raw material gas pipeline 1. The outlet of the hydrogen purification unit 3 is connected to the inlet of the compression unit 6 via the product hydrogen pipeline 4. A purification outlet online pressure gauge P1, a purification outlet online flow meter F1, and a purification outlet shut-off valve XV2 are installed sequentially on the product hydrogen pipeline 4. A product hydrogen vent pipeline 5 is connected between the purification outlet online flow meter F1 and the purification outlet shut-off valve XV2 on the product hydrogen pipeline 4. A check valve V1 and a... are installed sequentially on the product hydrogen vent pipeline 5. The product hydrogen venting regulating valve HV2 is connected to the nitrogen main pipe 12 on the product hydrogen pipeline 4 between the purification outlet shut-off valve XV2 and the compression unit 6. The nitrogen regulating valve HV1 and the purification outlet nitrogen shut-off valve XV5 are installed sequentially on the nitrogen main pipe 12. One end of the pre-purification nitrogen pipeline 2 is connected to the nitrogen main pipe 12 between the nitrogen regulating valve HV1 and the purification outlet nitrogen shut-off valve XV5. The other end of the pre-purification nitrogen pipeline 2 is connected to the raw material gas pipeline 1 after the purification inlet shut-off valve XV1. The pre-purification nitrogen shut-off valve XV4 is installed on the pre-purification nitrogen pipeline 2. The outlet of the compression unit 6 is connected to the inlet of the filling unit 8 via a compression outlet pipeline 7. An online pressure gauge P2 and an online flow meter F2 are installed sequentially on the compression outlet pipeline 7. The outlet of the filling unit 8 is connected to each filling hose 11 via a filling manifold 9. A filling shut-off valve XV3 is installed on the filling manifold 9. A filling vent pipeline 10 is connected to the filling manifold 9 between the filling unit 8 and the filling shut-off valve XV3. A check valve V1 and a filling vent regulating valve HV3 are installed sequentially on the filling vent pipeline 10. The filling hoses 11 are detachable and can be connected to the long-tube carriage 13 via a long-tube carriage shut-off valve XV6. The long-tube carriage shut-off valve XV6 has both local and remote modes, which can be manually switched on-site. An acoustic detector AE1, a combustible gas detector GE1, and a flame detector FE1 are installed in the leak-prone areas of the hydrogen purification unit 3, the compression unit 6, and the filling unit 8. The online meters, detectors, and valves related to the emergency monitoring and emergency response system are all connected to the DCS system in the central control room via cables. An emergency stop button is installed in the central control room, which can be pressed in an emergency to cut off the gas supply.

[0058] The acoustic detector AE1, combustible gas detector GE1, and flame detector FE1 can be one or more, and can be arranged and installed according to the area and the number of leak points. Each detector can achieve full coverage of the explosion-proof area.

[0059] The acoustic detector AE1 is designed to detect high-frequency ultrasonic waves in the range of 20kHz to 100kHz, and can detect high-frequency sound waves generated by gas leaks or pipe cracks.

[0060] The flame detector FE1 is an ultraviolet-infrared composite detector that simultaneously monitors ultraviolet and infrared radiation, significantly reducing the false alarm rate.

[0061] The combustible gas detector GE1 has a two-level alarm with an alarm delay time of less than 20 seconds, which improves the response speed.

[0062] To prevent excessive leakage from causing flare gas to be released into the atmosphere, a check valve V1 is installed before both the product hydrogen venting regulating valve HV2 and the filling venting regulating valve HV3.

[0063] The working principle and specific operating steps of this invention are as follows:

[0064] 1. During normal production, the purification inlet shut-off valve XV1, purification outlet shut-off valve XV2, and filling shut-off valve XV3 are in the open state. After the long tube shut-off valve XV6 is connected to the filling hose 11, switch the long tube shut-off valve XV6 from the local mode to the remote mode, and the long tube shut-off valve XV6 is in the open state. After filling is completed, switch the long tube shut-off valve XV6 back from the remote mode to the local mode, close the long tube shut-off valve XV6, and disconnect the filling hose 11. The nitrogen regulating valve HV1, product hydrogen vent regulating valve HV2, filling vent regulating valve HV3, pre-purification nitrogen shut-off valve XV4, and purification outlet nitrogen shut-off valve XV5 are in the closed state.

[0065] 2. If only one acoustic detector, flame detector, or combustible gas detector alarms, it may indicate a minor leak or a false alarm at the scene. After the alarm is triggered, the operator should verify whether there is a leak at the scene and take appropriate action. If the leak cannot be handled online, the system should be monitored or the system should be shut down.

[0066] 3. If two or more of the following detectors—sound detector AE1, combustible gas detector GE1, and flame detector FE1—along with stable pressures on the purification outlet online pressure gauge P1, compression outlet online pressure gauge P2, purification outlet online flow meter F1, and compression outlet online flow meter F2, it indicates a significant leak at the site. This can trigger an emergency shutdown, or the on-site control personnel can determine whether to press the emergency shutdown button. The emergency shutdown interlock is to close the purification inlet shut-off valve XV1, purification outlet shut-off valve XV2, filling shut-off valve XV3, and long-tube truck shut-off valve XV6.

[0067] 4. If two or more of the following detectors—sound detector AE1, combustible gas detector GE1, and flame detector FE1—alarm, and the pressure of the online pressure gauge P1 at the purification outlet and the pressure of the online pressure gauge P2 at the compression outlet suddenly drops, it indicates a significant leak at the site. The specific method for determining the leak area is as follows:

[0068] (1) Leakage in the hydrogen purification unit area: If two or more of the following detectors are alarming: acoustic detector AE1, combustible gas detector GE1 and flame detector FE1, it can be confirmed that there is a leak on site; if the pressure of the online pressure gauge P1 at the purification outlet drops sharply, the pressure of the online pressure gauge P2 at the compression outlet drops sharply, and at the same time the flow rate of the online flow meter F1 at the purification outlet drops, and the flow rate of the online flow meter F2 at the compression outlet drops, it can be inferred that the leak is in the hydrogen purification unit area. The reason is that if there is a leak in the hydrogen purification unit area, the hydrogen will be discharged into the air from the leak point in the hydrogen purification unit area, resulting in a drop in downstream pressure. At the same time, as the hydrogen is discharged from the leak point, the amount of gas supplied to the downstream will decrease accordingly, resulting in a drop in the flow rate of the online flow meter F1 at the purification outlet and a drop in the flow rate of the online flow meter F2 at the compression outlet.

[0069] (2) Leakage in the compression unit area: If two or more of the following detectors alarm: acoustic detector AE1, combustible gas detector GE1, and flame detector FE1, it can be concluded that there is a leak on site; if the pressure P1 of the online pressure gauge P1 at the purification outlet drops sharply, the pressure P2 of the online pressure gauge P2 at the compression outlet drops sharply, and at the same time the flow rate F1 of the online flow gauge F1 at the purification outlet increases, while the flow rate F2 of the online flow gauge F2 at the compression outlet decreases, it can be inferred that the leak is in the compression unit area. The reason is that if there is a leak in the compression unit area, hydrogen will be discharged into the air from the leak point in the compression unit area, which will cause the system pressure to drop. At the same time, since hydrogen is discharged from the compression leak point, the downstream pressure drops, and the gas volume of the upstream of the compression unit will increase. However, since the leak point is in the compression unit, the gas volume supplied to the downstream of the compression unit will decrease, resulting in the flow rate F1 of the online flow gauge F1 at the purification outlet increasing and the flow rate F2 of the online flow gauge F2 at the compression outlet decreasing.

[0070] (3) Leakage in the filling device area: If two or more of the following detectors alarm: acoustic detector AE1, combustible gas detector GE1 and flame detector FE1, it can be proven that there is a leak on site; if the pressure P1 of the purification outlet online pressure gauge P1 drops sharply, the pressure P2 of the compression outlet online pressure gauge P2 drops sharply, and at the same time the flow rate F1 of the purification outlet online flow gauge F1 increases, and the flow rate F2 of the compression outlet online flow gauge F2 increases, it can be inferred that the leak is in the filling device area. The reason is that if there is a leak in the filling device area, hydrogen will be discharged into the air from the leak point in the filling device area, which will also cause the system pressure to drop. At the same time, since hydrogen is discharged from the filling leak point, the downstream pressure drops, the gas volume upstream of filling will increase, resulting in the flow rate F1 of the purification outlet online flow gauge F1 and the flow rate F2 of the compression outlet online flow gauge F2 increasing.

[0071] 5. Once the leak area is identified, the DCS system automatically takes measures, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0072] (1) The interlocking action for leakage in the hydrogen purification unit area is as follows: close the purification inlet shut-off valve XV1, the purification outlet shut-off valve XV2, the filling shut-off valve XV3, and the long pipe car shut-off valve XV6. Control the product hydrogen venting regulating valve HV2 through the online pressure gauge P1 at the purification outlet to make the pressure drop rate 0.3-0.5MPa / min until the pressure P1 of the online pressure gauge P1 at the purification outlet is reduced to 0.1MPa. When the pressure P1 of the online pressure gauge P1 at the purification outlet reaches 0.1MPa, open the nitrogen regulating valve HV1 and the nitrogen shut-off valve XV4 before purification. Control the nitrogen regulating valve HV1 through the online pressure gauge P1 at the purification outlet to maintain the pressure of the purification system at 0.12MPa, in order to replace the hydrogen purification unit 3 until all alarms of the acoustic detector AE1, combustible gas detector GE1, and flame detector FE1 on site disappear. After the replacement is completed, close the product hydrogen venting regulating valve HV2, the nitrogen regulating valve HV1, and the pre-purification nitrogen shut-off valve XV4.

[0073] (2) The interlocking action for leakage in the compression and filling unit area is as follows: Close the purification inlet shut-off valve XV1, purification outlet shut-off valve XV2, filling shut-off valve XV3, and long tube car shut-off valve XV6. Control the filling vent regulating valve HV3 through the online pressure gauge P2 at the compression outlet to make the pressure drop rate 0.3-0.5MPa / min until the pressure P2 of the online pressure gauge P2 at the compression outlet is reduced to 0.1MPa. When the pressure P2 of the online pressure gauge P2 at the compression outlet reaches 0.1MPa, open the nitrogen regulating valve HV1 and the purification outlet nitrogen shut-off valve XV5. Control the nitrogen regulating valve HV1 through the online pressure gauge P2 at the compression outlet to maintain the pressure of the compression and filling system at 0.12MPa to replace the compression unit 6 and the filling unit 8 until all alarms of the acoustic detector AE1, combustible gas detector GE1, and flame detector FE1 on site disappear. After the replacement is completed, close the venting regulating valve HV3, the nitrogen regulating valve HV1, and the purified outlet nitrogen shut-off valve XV5.

[0074] Steps 2-4 correspond Figure 2 The hydrogen leak detection workflow is shown; step 5 corresponds to... Figure 3 The emergency response workflow is shown below.

[0075] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the inventive concept, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An emergency handling system for leaks at a hydrogen refueling mother station, comprising a hydrogen purification device (3), a compression device (6), and a filling device (8) connected sequentially along the gas flow direction, characterized in that, Also includes: Multiple leak detection units are arranged around the hydrogen purification device (3), the compression device (6) and the filling device (8); The process isolation valve group is respectively located upstream of the hydrogen purification device (3), between the hydrogen purification device (3) and the compression device (6), and downstream of the filling device (8), and is used to cut off the hydrogen source and isolate the downstream in case of leakage; The venting and nitrogen replacement circuit is connected to the hydrogen purification device (3), the compression device (6), and the filling device (8) and is used to discharge hydrogen and fill nitrogen at a predetermined rate after the leak is confirmed. The control system is connected to the multiple leak detection units, process isolation valve groups, venting and nitrogen purging circuits, and is configured as follows: When at least two leak detection units alarm simultaneously, it is determined that a real leak has occurred, and the process isolation valve group is immediately shut down; The process isolation valve group includes: purification inlet shut-off valve (XV1), purification outlet shut-off valve (XV2), filling shut-off valve (XV3) and long tube car shut-off valve (XV6). The raw material gas pipeline (1) is equipped with the purification inlet shut-off valve (XV1). The product hydrogen pipeline (4) is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen purification device (3) and the inlet of the compression device (6), and is provided with an online pressure gauge, an online flow meter and a purification outlet shut-off valve (XV2) in sequence. A compression outlet pipeline (7) is connected to the outlet of the compression device (6) and the inlet of the filling device (8), and is equipped with an online pressure gauge and an online flow meter at the compression outlet. The filling manifold (9) is connected to the outlet of the filling device (8) and is equipped with the filling shut-off valve (XV3). The filling manifold (9) is connected to the long tube carriage (13) through the filling hose (11). The long tube carriage (13) is equipped with the long tube carriage shut-off valve (XV6). Based on the pressure and flow rate change trends at the outlet of the hydrogen purification unit (3) and the outlet of the compression unit (6), the functional zone where the leak is located is identified; for the identified functional zone where the leak is located, the corresponding venting and nitrogen replacement circuit is activated to reduce the hydrogen concentration in the zone to below the safety limit. The leak detection unit includes an acoustic detector (AE1), a combustible gas detector (GE1), and a flame detector (FE1). The venting and nitrogen purging circuit includes: The product hydrogen venting line (5) is connected to the product hydrogen line (4) and is equipped with a product hydrogen venting regulating valve (HV2). A filling and venting pipeline (10) is connected to the filling main pipe (9) and a filling and venting regulating valve (HV3) is provided on it. Nitrogen main pipe (12) is connected to the product hydrogen pipeline (4) between the purification outlet shut-off valve (XV2) and the inlet of the compression device (6) for introducing nitrogen into the system. The nitrogen main pipe (12) is equipped with a nitrogen regulating valve (HV1) and a purification outlet nitrogen shut-off valve (XV5). It also includes a pre-purification nitrogen pipeline (2), one end of which is connected to the main nitrogen pipeline (12), and the other end is connected to the raw material gas pipeline (1) downstream of the purification inlet shut-off valve (XV1). The pre-purification nitrogen pipeline (2) is equipped with a pre-purification nitrogen shut-off valve (XV4).

2. The emergency handling system for hydrogen refueling mother station leaks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acoustic detector (AE1) is configured to detect high-frequency ultrasonic waves in the range of 20kHz to 100kHz; the combustible gas detector (GE1) has a two-level alarm function and an alarm delay time of less than 20 seconds; the flame detector (FE1) is an ultraviolet-infrared composite flame detector.

3. The emergency handling system for hydrogen refueling mother station leaks according to claim 1, characterized in that, The product hydrogen venting line (5) and the filling venting line (10) are also equipped with check valves (V1) to prevent gas backflow.

4. An emergency handling method for a hydrogen refueling mother station leak based on the system described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Hydrogen leakage is monitored using the aforementioned leakage detection unit; When one of the aforementioned leak detection units alarms, it may indicate a minor leak or a false alarm, requiring on-site confirmation and handling. When multiple leakage detection units alarm simultaneously, it is determined that a real leakage has occurred; Close the process isolation valve assembly; Analyze the changing trends of the pressure P1 and flow rate F1 of the purification outlet online pressure gauge, the pressure P2 and flow rate F2 of the compression outlet online pressure gauge; Determine the leakage area based on the following logic: If both pressure P1 and pressure P2 decrease, and both flow rate F1 and flow rate F2 decrease, then it is determined that there is a leak in the hydrogen purification unit area. If both pressure P1 and pressure P2 decrease, and flow rate F1 increases while flow rate F2 decreases, then it is determined that there is a leak in the compression unit area. If both pressure P1 and pressure P2 decrease, and both flow rates F1 and F2 increase, it is determined that there is a leak in the filling device area; based on the identified leak area, a nitrogen purging procedure is initiated for that area.

5. The emergency handling method for hydrogen refueling mother station leaks according to claim 4, characterized in that, The nitrogen purging procedure is as follows: after identifying the leaking zone, the pressure of the corresponding zone is first released to 0.1 MPa at a rate of 0.3-0.5 MPa / min, then nitrogen is introduced and maintained at 0.12 MPa for purging until all leak detection unit alarms disappear.

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