Surveying and mapping equipment applied to different terrains and used for land reconnaissance

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of land survey surveying and mapping equipment, and particularly discloses land survey surveying and mapping equipment applied to different terrains, the land survey surveying and mapping equipment comprises surveying and mapping point positions and observation point positions, the surveying and mapping point positions are distributed on the ground, each surveying and mapping point position comprises a sleeve and a scale rod, and the scale rods are inserted above the ground; when surveying and mapping are carried out on an observation point position, a scale rod of the surveying and mapping point position serves as an observation marker post, a sleeve is installed underground through a leveling installation mechanism, a detection rod is inserted into the sleeve and detects the water content of soil in the land, and the upper portion of the outer side of the detection rod is connected with a handheld measuring instrument or a fixed-point measuring instrument. Soil water content investigation work and land surveying and mapping work are effectively combined, the soil water content is measured multiple times through one-time punching or measured in real time, the punching position can be effectively observed through the ruler rod, point location marker posts can be provided for surveying and mapping, the labor intensity is greatly relieved, and the working efficiency is improved; and the surveying and mapping cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of land surveying and mapping equipment, and in particular to a land surveying and mapping equipment used in different terrains. Background Art

[0002] Land surveying is an important foundation for land management. Based on cadastral surveys and using surveying technology, it accurately measures the location and size of various types of land, including boundaries, the coordinates of ownership points, the area of ​​the parcels, and cadastral maps, from control to fragmentation, to meet the needs of land management departments and other national economic development departments. Surveying and mapping refers to the use of computer technology, optoelectronic technology, network communication technology, space science, and information science as the foundation, with the Global Positioning System (GPS), remote sensing (RS), and geographic information system (GIS) as the core technologies, to obtain graphics and location information reflecting the current status of the ground through measurement methods based on existing feature points and boundaries. This information is used for planning, design, and administrative management of engineering construction.

[0003] Currently, when measuring points in land surveys and mapping, one person typically carries a measuring rod to a distant location, while another person operates the surveying instrument to perform the measurement. After measuring one point, the measuring rod must be moved over a large area to another, resulting in high labor intensity and low efficiency. During surveys, soil moisture content at different depths of the surface must be collected, and each measurement requires on-site drilling and installation of the measuring instrument. Frequent drilling and installation operations result in low survey efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to design a surveying and mapping device for land surveys in various terrains to address the high labor intensity and low efficiency of existing land surveys and mapping operations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a surveying and mapping equipment for land surveying in different terrains.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a surveying and mapping equipment for land surveying in different terrains, including surveying points and observation points, the surveying and mapping points are distributed on the ground, the surveying and mapping points include casings and scale rods, the scale rods are inserted above the ground, when the observation points are surveyed, the scale rods of the surveying points are used as observation benchmarks, the casing is installed underground through a leveling installation mechanism, a detection rod is inserted into the casing, the detection rod detects the soil moisture content in the land, and the upper outer part of the detection rod is connected to a handheld measuring instrument or a fixed-point measuring instrument.

[0006] Specifically, the surveying and mapping points are distributed in different areas on the ground, including but not limited to hilly areas and plain areas. The observation points are randomly placed at different positions on the land to observe the scale rods of the surveying and mapping points. The surveying and mapping instruments are set by the operators.

[0007] Specifically, the leveling installation mechanism is provided with a cross adjustment plate and a fixed chain. The four positions of the cross adjustment plate are connected to the fixed chain through hinges. A mounting hole is provided in the center of the cross adjustment plate, and a punching sampling device is inserted into the mounting hole. Four adjusting nuts are provided on the cross adjustment plate, and support bolts are screwed into the adjusting nuts. The bottom of the support bolts supports the cross adjustment plate, and the support bolts are distributed at the four positions of the mounting holes. A horizontal level and a vertical level are also provided on the cross adjustment plate. The support bolts are rotated and the horizontal level and the vertical level are observed to adjust the horizontal state of the cross adjustment plate. The horizontal state of the cross adjustment plate limits the punching sampling device from vertically punching a casing hole on the ground below the mounting hole.

[0008] Specifically, the two sides of the fixed chain are connected to positioning plate 1 and positioning plate 2, positioning plate 1 is connected to the cross adjustment plate through a hinge rotation, positioning plate 1 is provided with positioning hole 1, positioning pin 1 is inserted into positioning hole 1, positioning plate 2 is provided with positioning hole 2, positioning pin 2 is inserted into positioning hole 2, positioning plate 1 and positioning plate 2 limit the position of the cross adjustment plate at different terrain heights to be stable.

[0009] Specifically, the casing is inserted into the casing hole, and a depth-fixing ring is provided on the outside of the casing, and the depth-fixing ring is attached to the ground.

[0010] Specifically, a detection rod is inserted into the sleeve, the length of the detection rod is adapted to the length of the sleeve, sensors are arranged at a certain distance on the detection rod, a handle is installed on the top of the detection rod, a sealing cover is installed on the lower part of the handle, the sealing cover is sealed on the outside of the upper opening of the sleeve, and the sensor wiring harness is integrated in the handle.

[0011] Specifically, the scale rod is a round rod, and scale lines and scale marks are provided on the outer circumference of the scale rod. The scale rod includes a first scale rod and a second scale rod.

[0012] Specifically, when the detection rod is connected to the handheld measuring instrument through the sensor harness, the detection rod is pulled out after testing the soil moisture content of a casing, and the handheld measuring instrument reads and stores the measurement value. A sealing cover is added to the outside of the casing, and the upper part of the sealing cover is fixedly connected to the scale rod 1. The lower part of the scale rod 1 is installed with a ground socket, and the ground socket is inserted into the ground. The sealing cover and the scale rod 1 form a surveying point.

[0013] Specifically, when the detection rod is connected to the fixed-point measuring instrument through the sensor harness, the detection rod is always inserted in the casing, the detection rod measures the soil moisture content periodically or implements, the fixed-point measuring instrument reads and stores the measurement value, a wireless communication module is provided inside the fixed-point measuring instrument, the fixed-point measuring instrument outputs the measurement value to the receiving system, a scale rod 2 is installed at the bottom of the fixed-point measuring instrument, a ground socket is installed on the top of the scale rod 2, the ground socket is inserted into the ground, and the scale rod 2 forms a surveying point.

[0014] A method for operating a surveying and mapping device for land surveying in different terrains, comprising the following steps:

[0015] S1. Select points in different areas on the ground to be surveyed, and then install leveling installation mechanisms at the points;

[0016] S2. The leveling installation mechanism adjusts the horizontal state of the cross adjustment plate by adjusting the rotating support bolts. First, use the positioning pin 1 to hit the ground to fix the positioning plate 1, and then use the positioning pin 2 to hit the ground to fix the positioning plate 2. Then, use the punch sampling device to drill a casing hole suitable for the casing length at the installation hole position. Insert the casing vertically into the casing hole through the installation hole until the depth ring is close to the ground. Remove the leveling installation mechanism.

[0017] S3. For surveying points that require long-term testing, insert the probe rod connected to the fixed-point measuring instrument into the casing, and install the fixed-point measuring instrument on one side through the second scale rod and the ground socket;

[0018] S4. Install a sealing cap and a scale rod 1 on the outside of the casing at the surveying point that requires fixed-point and regular detection. The scale rod 1 is installed on the ground through a ground socket. When measurement data is required, remove the sealing cap and scale rod 1, insert a probe rod into the casing, and read the data using a handheld measuring instrument.

[0019] S5. The sensor on the probe rod uses a dielectric sensor. The dielectric sensor uses the principle of electromagnetic pulses to test the apparent dielectric constant ε of the soil according to the frequency of electromagnetic wave propagation in the soil to obtain the soil volume water content θ v Soil consists of four dielectric substances: air, soil solids, bound water, and free water. At radio frequency standard conditions, 20°C, the dielectric constant of pure water is 80.4, the dielectric constant of soil solids is 3-7, and the dielectric constant of air is 1, which is then used to calculate soil moisture content.

[0020] S6. When surveying is required, an observation point is selected on the surveyed ground. The operator places a surveying instrument at the observation point and uses the scale rod of the surveying instrument to observe the ground parameters including but not limited to direction, distance, angle and height.

[0021] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The surveying and mapping equipment designed by the present invention is used for land surveys in different terrains, effectively combining soil moisture survey work with land surveying and mapping work, and can measure soil moisture content multiple times by drilling a hole once, or measure soil moisture content in real time. The setting of the scale rod can not only effectively observe the drilling position, but also provide a point benchmark for surveying and mapping, greatly reducing labor intensity and improving work efficiency.

[0023] The surveying and mapping equipment designed by the present invention is used for land surveying in different terrains. The leveling installation mechanism adopted by the present invention can maintain the horizontal state of the drilling, ensure the accuracy of the measurement depth and the accuracy of the soil moisture content measurement data. The casing and the detection rod can be recycled, thereby reducing the survey and mapping costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a topographic distribution setting map of surveying and mapping equipment used for land surveys in different terrains.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the detection rod.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the probe rod inserted into the sleeve.

[0027] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the casing inserted into the casing hole.

[0028] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of installing a scale rod 1 on the casing.

[0029] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the handheld measuring instrument in use.

[0030] Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of the installation status of the fixed-point measuring instrument.

[0031] Figure 8 It is a top view of the leveling installation mechanism.

[0032] In the figure: 1. Surveying point; 101. Casing; 102. Probe rod; 103. Sensor; 104. Handle; 105. Handheld measuring instrument; 106. Fixed-point measuring instrument; 107. Sealing cover; 108. Scale rod one; 109. Ground socket; 110. Scale rod two; 111. Sealing cover; 112. Fixed depth ring; 2. Observation point; 3. Hilly area; 4. Plain area; 5. River; 6. Leveling installation mechanism; 601. Cross adjustment plate; 602. Mounting hole; 603. Adjusting nut; 604. Support bolt; 605. Horizontal spirit level; 606. Vertical spirit level; 607. Positioning plate one; 608. Positioning hole one; 609. Fixing chain; 610. Positioning plate two; 611. Positioning hole two; 612. Hinge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely further describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] like Figures 1-8 As shown, a surveying and mapping equipment for land surveying in different terrains includes a surveying and mapping point 1 and an observation point 2. The surveying and mapping point 1 is distributed on the ground. The surveying and mapping point 1 is distributed in different areas on the ground, including but not limited to a hilly area 3 and a plain area 4. The observation point 2 is randomly placed at different positions on the land to observe the scale rod of the surveying and mapping point 1. The operator sets the surveying and mapping instrument at the observation point 2, and the surveying and mapping instrument adopts a DS3 model topographic surveying and mapping instrument.

[0035] Surveying point 1 includes a casing 101, a detection rod 102, a sensor 103, a handheld measuring instrument 105, a fixed-point measuring instrument 106 and a ruler rod. The ruler rod is inserted above the ground. When surveying observation point 2, the ruler rod of surveying point 1 is used as the observation benchmark. The casing 101 is installed underground through the leveling installation mechanism 6. The detection rod 102 is inserted into the casing 101. The detection rod 102 detects the soil moisture content in the land. The upper outer part of the detection rod 102 is connected to the handheld measuring instrument 105 or the fixed-point measuring instrument 106.

[0036] The casing 101 is made of glass fiber, and the sensor 103 on the detection rod 102 is a dielectric sensor. The influence of the glass fiber material on the electromagnetic wave transmission of the dielectric sensor is filtered out during system detection. The length of the detection rod 102 is provided in two versions, one is the 40 cm length shown in the accompanying figure (that is, sensors 103 are set at 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm of the detection rod 102), and the other is the 120 cm length (that is, sensors 103 are set at 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 60 cm, 80 cm, 100 cm, and 120 cm of the detection rod 102). It can be selected according to needs and matched with the casing 101 of the corresponding length. The casing 101 is inserted into the casing hole. A depth ring 112 is provided on the outside of the casing 101. The depth ring 112 is attached to the ground and corresponds to the corresponding sensor 103 depth when the detection rod 102 is inserted into the casing 101.

[0037] A probe rod 102 is inserted into the sleeve 101 , a handle 104 is installed on the top of the probe rod 102 , a sealing cover 111 is installed on the lower part of the handle 104 , and the sealing cover 111 seals the outside of the upper opening of the sleeve 101 . A sensor harness is integrated in the handle 104 .

[0038] The scale rod is a round rod, and scale lines and scale marks are provided on the outer circumference of the scale rod. The scale rod includes a scale rod 108 and a scale rod 2 110.

[0039] like Figure 6As shown, when the probe rod 102 is connected to the handheld measuring instrument 105 through the sensor harness, the probe rod 102 is pulled out after testing the soil moisture content of a casing 101, and the handheld measuring instrument 105 reads and stores the measured value. The outside of the casing 101 is covered with a sealing cover 107, the upper part of the sealing cover 107 is fixedly connected to the scale rod 108, and the lower part of the scale rod 108 is installed with a ground socket 109, which is inserted into the ground. The sealing cover 107 and the scale rod 108 form a surveying point 1.

[0040] like Figure 7 As shown, when the detection rod 102 is connected to the fixed-point measuring instrument 106 through the sensor harness, the detection rod 102 is always inserted in the casing 101, and the detection rod 102 measures the soil moisture content at a regular time or implements it. The fixed-point measuring instrument 106 reads and stores the measured value. A wireless communication module is provided inside the fixed-point measuring instrument 106, and the wireless communication module adopts a 5G SIM card communication module. The fixed-point measuring instrument 106 outputs the measured value to the receiving system. A scale rod 110 is installed at the bottom of the fixed-point measuring instrument 106, and a ground socket 109 is installed on the bottom of the scale rod 110. The ground socket 109 is inserted into the ground, and the scale rod 110 forms a surveying point 1.

[0041] like Figure 8 As shown, the leveling installation mechanism 6 is provided with a cross adjustment plate 601 and a fixed chain 609. The four directions of the cross adjustment plate 601 are rotatably connected to the fixed chain 609 through hinges 612. A mounting hole 602 is provided in the center of the cross adjustment plate 601. A punching sampling device is inserted into the mounting hole 602. The punching sampling device adopts a manually operated sampling shovel or a drilling machine. Four adjusting nuts 603 are provided on the cross adjustment plate 601. Support bolts 604 are screwed into the adjusting nuts 603. The bottom of the support bolts 604 supports the cross adjustment plate 601. The support bolts 604 are distributed in the four directions of the mounting hole 602. A horizontal level 605 and a vertical level 606 are also provided on the cross adjustment plate 601. The support bolts 604 are rotated and the horizontal level 605 and the vertical level 606 are observed to adjust the horizontal state of the cross adjustment plate 601. The horizontal state of the cross adjustment plate 601 limits the punching sampling device to vertically punch a casing hole on the ground below the mounting hole 602.

[0042] Fixed chain 609 connects positioning plate 1 607 and positioning plate 2 610 on both sides. Positioning plate 1 607 is rotatably connected to cross-adjustment plate 601 via hinge 612. Positioning plate 1 607 has positioning hole 1 608, into which positioning pin 1 is inserted. Positioning plate 2 610 has positioning hole 2 611, into which positioning pin 2 is inserted. Positioning plates 1 607 and 2 610 stabilize the position of cross-adjustment plate 601 at different terrain heights. Leveling mounting mechanism 6 maintains the horizontal state of the drilled holes, ensuring the accuracy of the measured depth and soil moisture data. Both casing 101 and probe rod 102 can be recycled, reducing survey and mapping costs.

[0043] A method for operating a surveying and mapping device for land surveying in different terrains, comprising the following steps:

[0044] 1. Select points in different areas on the ground to be surveyed, and then install the leveling installation mechanism 6 at the points.

[0045] 2. The leveling installation mechanism 6 adjusts the horizontal state of the cross adjustment plate 601 by adjusting the rotating support bolt 604. First, use the positioning pin 1 to hit the ground to fix the positioning plate 1 607, and then use the positioning pin 2 to hit the ground to fix the positioning plate 2 610. Then, use the punching sampling device to drill a casing hole suitable for the length of the sleeve 101 at the position of the installation hole 602, and insert the casing 101 vertically into the casing hole through the installation hole 602 until the fixed depth ring 112 is close to the ground, and then remove the leveling installation mechanism 6.

[0046] 3. At the surveying point 1 requiring long-term detection, a probe rod 102 connected to a fixed-point measuring instrument 106 is inserted into the casing 101 , and the fixed-point measuring instrument 106 is installed on one side through the second scale rod 110 and the ground socket 109 .

[0047] 4. A sealing cover 107 and a scale rod 108 are installed on the outside of the casing 101 of the surveying point 1 that requires fixed-point and timed detection. The scale rod 108 is installed on the ground through a ground socket 109. When measurement data is required, the sealing cover 107 and the scale rod 108 are pulled out, the detection rod 102 is inserted into the casing 101, and the data is read through the handheld measuring instrument 105.

[0048] 5. The sensor 103 on the probe rod 102 is a dielectric sensor. The dielectric sensor uses the principle of electromagnetic pulses to measure the apparent dielectric constant ε of the soil according to the frequency of electromagnetic wave propagation in the soil to obtain the soil volume water content θ. vSoil consists of four dielectric materials: air, soil solids, bound water, and free water. At standard radio frequency conditions (20°C), the dielectric constant of pure water is 80.4, the dielectric constant of soil solids is 3-7, and the dielectric constant of air is 1. The dielectric properties of soil are a function of several factors: electromagnetic frequency, temperature, salinity, soil volumetric water content, the ratio of bound water to total soil volumetric water content, soil bulk density, soil particle shape, and the form of the water contained within. Because the dielectric constant of water is much greater than that of other materials in the soil matrix and that of air, the dielectric constant of soil depends primarily on its water content.

[0049] Calculating Soil Moisture: Dielectric sensors use a sweep frequency to detect the resonant frequency (at which the amplitude is maximum). Different soil moisture contents result in different resonant frequencies. The dielectric sensor's transmission line is designed for maximum voltage, meaning its starting voltage V0 is: V0 = a(1-ρ).

[0050] Where: a is the voltage amplitude of the oscillator output; ρ is the reflection coefficient.

[0051] Maximum voltage at junction V J =V J =a(1+ρ).

[0052] Therefore, the difference in amplitude is: V J -V0=2aρ。

[0053] The amplitude is measured to obtain the relative impedance of the probe rod 102, Z L Represents the impedance of the transmission line, Z M represents the impedance of the probe 102 inserted into the matrix, then the reflection coefficient ρ is: ρ=(Z M -Z L ) / (Z M +Z L ).

[0054] The impedance of a coaxial transmission line is determined by the physical dimensions and the dielectric constant ε of the insulating material, i.e. Where r1 and r2 are the radii of the signal conductor and shield conductor, respectively, and the dielectric constant ε is obtained.

[0055] Soil moisture content: Y = -0.01 + 0.36ε.

[0056] 6. When surveying is required, select observation point 2 on the surveyed ground. The operator places the surveying instrument at observation point 2 and uses the scale rod of the surveying instrument to observe the ground parameters including but not limited to direction, distance, angle and height.

[0057] The present invention effectively combines soil moisture investigation with land surveying and mapping, and measures soil moisture content multiple times by drilling a hole once, or measures soil moisture content in real time. The setting of the scale rod can not only effectively observe the drilling position, but also provide a point benchmark for surveying and mapping, greatly reducing labor intensity and improving work efficiency.

[0058] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Anyone should be aware that any structural changes made under the guidance of the present invention, and any technical solutions that are the same or similar to those of the present invention, fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] The technology, shape, and structure not described in detail in the present invention are all well-known technologies.

Claims

1. A surveying and mapping device for land surveying in different terrains, characterized in that: It includes surveying points and observation points. The surveying points are distributed on the ground. The surveying points include casings and scale rods. The scale rods are inserted above the ground. When surveying the observation points, the scale rods of the surveying points are used as observation benchmarks. The casing is installed underground through a leveling installation mechanism. A detection rod is inserted into the casing. The detection rod detects the soil moisture content in the land. The upper outer part of the detection rod is connected to a handheld measuring instrument or a fixed-point measuring instrument.

2. The surveying and mapping equipment for land surveying in different terrains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surveying and mapping points are distributed in different areas on the ground, including but not limited to hilly areas and plain areas. The observation points are randomly placed at different positions on the land to observe the scale rods of the surveying and mapping points. The surveying and mapping instruments are set by operators at the observation points.

3. The surveying and mapping equipment for land surveying in different terrains according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leveling installation mechanism is provided with a cross adjustment plate and a fixed chain. The four positions of the cross adjustment plate are connected to the fixed chain by hinges. A mounting hole is provided in the center of the cross adjustment plate, and a punching sampling device is inserted into the mounting hole. Four adjusting nuts are provided on the cross adjustment plate, and support bolts are screwed into the adjusting nuts. The bottom of the support bolts supports the cross adjustment plate, and the support bolts are distributed in the four positions of the mounting holes. A horizontal level and a vertical level are also provided on the cross adjustment plate. The support bolts are rotated and the horizontal level and the vertical level are observed to adjust the horizontal state of the cross adjustment plate. The horizontal state of the cross adjustment plate limits the punching sampling device from vertically punching a casing hole on the ground below the mounting hole.

4. The surveying and mapping equipment for land surveying in different terrains according to claim 3, characterized in that: The two sides of the fixed chain are connected with positioning plate 1 and positioning plate 2, and positioning plate 1 is connected to the cross adjustment plate by rotating through a hinge. Positioning plate 1 is provided with positioning hole 1, and positioning pin 1 is inserted into positioning hole 1. Positioning plate 2 is provided with positioning hole 2, and positioning pin 2 is inserted into positioning hole 2. Positioning plate 1 and positioning plate 2 limit the position stability of the cross adjustment plate at different terrain heights.

5. The surveying and mapping equipment for land surveying in different terrains according to claim 3, characterized in that: The casing is inserted into the casing hole, and a depth-fixing ring is arranged on the outside of the casing, and the depth-fixing ring is attached to the ground.

6. The surveying and mapping equipment for land surveying in different terrains according to claim 1, characterized in that: A detection rod is inserted into the sleeve, and the length of the detection rod is adapted to the length of the sleeve. Sensors are arranged at a certain distance on the detection rod. A handle is installed on the top of the detection rod, and a sealing cover is installed on the lower part of the handle. The sealing cover is sealed outside the upper opening of the sleeve, and a sensor harness is integrated in the handle.

7. The surveying and mapping equipment for land surveying in different terrains according to claim 6, characterized in that: The scale rod is a round rod, and the outer circumference of the scale rod is provided with scale lines and scale marks. The scale rod includes a scale rod 1 and a scale rod 2.

8. The surveying and mapping equipment for land surveying in different terrains according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the detection rod is connected to the handheld measuring instrument through the sensor harness, the detection rod is pulled out after testing the soil moisture content of a casing, and the handheld measuring instrument reads and stores the measured value. A sealing cover is added to the outside of the casing, the upper part of the sealing cover is fixedly connected to the scale rod 1, and the lower part of the scale rod 1 is installed with a ground socket, which is inserted into the ground. The sealing cover and the scale rod 1 form a surveying point.

9. The surveying and mapping equipment for land surveying in different terrains according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the detection rod is connected to the fixed-point measuring instrument through the sensor harness, the detection rod is always inserted in the casing, the detection rod measures the soil moisture content at regular intervals or implements, the fixed-point measuring instrument reads and stores the measurement value, a wireless communication module is provided inside the fixed-point measuring instrument, the fixed-point measuring instrument outputs the measurement value to the receiving system, a scale rod 2 is installed at the bottom of the fixed-point measuring instrument, a ground socket is installed on the top of the scale rod 2, the ground socket is inserted into the ground, and the scale rod 2 forms a surveying point.

10. The working method of the surveying and mapping equipment for land surveying in different terrains according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Select points in different areas on the ground to be surveyed, and then install leveling installation mechanisms at the points; S2. The leveling installation mechanism adjusts the horizontal state of the cross adjustment plate by adjusting the rotating support bolts. First, use the positioning pin 1 to hit the ground to fix the positioning plate 1, and then use the positioning pin 2 to hit the ground to fix the positioning plate 2. Then, use the punch sampling device to drill a casing hole suitable for the casing length at the installation hole position. Insert the casing vertically into the casing hole through the installation hole until the depth ring is close to the ground. Remove the leveling installation mechanism. S3. For surveying points that require long-term testing, insert the probe rod connected to the fixed-point measuring instrument into the casing, and install the fixed-point measuring instrument on one side through the second scale rod and the ground socket; S4. Install a sealing cap and a scale rod 1 on the outside of the casing at the surveying point that requires fixed-point and regular detection. The scale rod 1 is installed on the ground through a ground socket. When measurement data is required, remove the sealing cap and scale rod 1, insert a probe rod into the casing, and read the data using a handheld measuring instrument. S5. The sensor on the probe rod uses a dielectric sensor. The dielectric sensor uses the principle of electromagnetic pulses to test the apparent dielectric constant ε of the soil according to the frequency of electromagnetic wave propagation in the soil to obtain the soil volume water content θ v Soil consists of four dielectric substances: air, soil solids, bound water, and free water. At radio frequency standard conditions, 20°C, the dielectric constant of pure water is 80.4, the dielectric constant of soil solids is 3-7, and the dielectric constant of air is 1, which is then used to calculate soil moisture content. S6. When surveying is required, an observation point is selected on the surveyed ground. The operator places a surveying instrument at the observation point and uses the scale rod of the surveying instrument to observe the ground parameters including but not limited to direction, distance, angle and height.

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