Two-phase liquid cooling system, control method thereof and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-phase liquid cooling system, a control method of the two-phase liquid cooling system and electronic equipment, and is applied to the technical field of liquid cooling. A sub-catchment device; the cooling capacity distribution unit comprises a temperature adjusting part, a condenser and a circulation driving part, the temperature adjusting part is used for adjusting the liquid cooling medium to the target temperature, the target temperature is smaller than the saturation temperature of the liquid cooling medium, and the difference value between the target temperature and the saturation temperature of the liquid cooling medium is a first threshold value; the controller is used for controlling the circulation driving part to act; and the control part is also used for controlling the temperature adjusting part to heat or cool the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate according to the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate. According to the two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the invention, the heat exchange efficiency of two-phase circulating cooling can be effectively improved, the heat dissipation requirement of a high-power to-be-cooled part is met, the cooling energy consumption is remarkably reduced, and the service life of electronic equipment is effectively prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of liquid cooling technology, and in particular to a two-phase liquid cooling system, a control method thereof, and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid increase in the power of artificial intelligence and high-performance computing electrical components, the thermal design power of the new generation of GPU electrical components has exceeded the kilowatt level, and traditional air cooling and traditional liquid cooling technologies can no longer meet the demand. The cooling system of a data center usually accounts for about 50% of the overall energy consumption. Therefore, improving the cooling efficiency and energy saving of the data center has become a key issue.

[0003] In the prior art, two-phase circulating liquid cooling technology is commonly used to cool data centers. This technology utilizes the phase change principle of heat exchange, where the refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates in the cold plate and condenses in the condenser. It can support heat flux densities of up to hundreds of watts per square centimeter. The refrigerant used is non-flammable, low-toxic, and has low greenhouse gas potential, making it suitable for data center applications. However, these two-phase liquid cooling systems often lack overall optimization for ultra-high heat flux and whole-cabinet cooling, resulting in an inability to meet the cooling needs of existing data centers.

[0004] Therefore, how to effectively improve the cooling efficiency of electronic equipment is a technical problem that those skilled in the art currently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a two-phase liquid cooling system and its control method, and electronic equipment, which are used to improve heat dissipation efficiency and meet the requirements of whole cabinet deployment with high heat flux density.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.

[0007] A two-phase liquid cooling system, characterized in that it comprises: a circulation pipeline for supplying a liquid cooling medium, wherein the liquid cooling medium is a two-phase liquid cooling medium; a manifold for conveying the liquid cooling medium to the cold plate, wherein the manifold is connected to the circulation pipeline; a cooling capacity distribution unit, located on the circulation pipeline, comprising a temperature regulating component, a condenser and a circulation drive component, wherein the temperature regulating component is used to regulate the liquid cooling medium to a target temperature, wherein the target temperature is less than the saturation temperature of the liquid cooling medium, and the difference between the target temperature and the saturation temperature is a first threshold value; the temperature regulating component is connected to the inlet of the manifold The condenser is used to condense the liquid-cooling medium, and the inlet of the condenser is used to be connected to the outlet of the cold plate; the circulation driving component is used to adjust the flow rate of the liquid-cooling medium in the circulation pipeline; the controller is used to obtain the liquid-cooling medium temperature at the outlet and the liquid-cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate, and control the operation of the circulation driving component according to the difference between the liquid-cooling medium temperature at the inlet and the liquid-cooling medium temperature at the outlet; and is also used to control the temperature regulating component to heat or cool the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate according to the liquid-cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate.

[0008] An electronic device comprises the above-mentioned two-phase liquid cooling system.

[0009] A two-phase liquid cooling system control method comprises the following steps: obtaining the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the outlet and the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate; when the difference between the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the outlet and the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet is greater than a first target value, controlling the circulation drive component to operate so as to increase the flow rate of the liquid-cooling medium in the circulation pipeline; when the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate is greater than the target temperature, controlling the temperature adjustment component to enter a cooling mode so as to cool the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate; when the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate is less than the target temperature, controlling the temperature adjustment component to enter a heating mode so as to heat the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate.

[0010] The two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: through the arrangement of the temperature regulating component and the condenser in the cooling distribution unit, when the liquid cooling medium flows into the cold plate from the cooling distribution unit, the heat of the component to be cooled is transferred to the liquid cooling medium through the cold plate due to the heat exchange between the cold plate and the component to be cooled. The cooling medium absorbs heat and undergoes a phase change, thereby taking away the heat. The liquid cooling medium after the phase change changes to a gas-liquid mixed state, flows out of the cold plate and enters the condenser. The condenser liquefies the gas, so that the gaseous liquid cooling medium changes back to a liquid state and flows back into the cold plate, thereby realizing a cyclic cooling process. However, for the component to be cooled with a large heat generation, in order to improve the cooling efficiency of the liquid cooling medium, it is necessary to control the temperature of the liquid cooling medium entering the cold plate, that is, the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate, to be slightly lower than the saturation temperature of the liquid cooling medium. The heat of the component to be cooled changes with different working conditions, resulting in the liquid cooling medium flowing back to the inlet of the cold plate. The medium temperature may be higher than the target temperature or lower than the target temperature. The present application adjusts the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate by setting a temperature regulating component, that is, the temperature regulating component is used to adjust the liquid-cooling medium to the target temperature, the target temperature is less than the saturation temperature of the liquid-cooling medium, and the difference between the two is a first threshold value. This setting is to ensure that the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate is not too high. If the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate is too high, the phase change of the liquid-cooling medium in the cold plate will be too drastic, thereby causing the temperature in the circulation pipeline to be too large and unable to operate normally. If the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate is too low, the liquid-cooling medium in the cold plate will not be able to undergo phase change, thereby affecting the heat dissipation efficiency; further, the manifold serves as the main connecting structure of the cold plate, and the temperature regulating component is connected to the front end of the manifold, that is, the temperature regulating component regulates the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium entering the manifold, thereby realizing temperature regulation of the liquid-cooling medium entering the cold plate.

[0011] The two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the present invention can effectively improve the heat exchange efficiency of two-phase circulating cooling, meet the heat dissipation requirements of high-power components to be cooled, significantly reduce cooling energy consumption, and effectively extend the service life of electronic equipment.

[0012] In one embodiment, the temperature regulating component includes a cooling module, which includes a cooling branch, a branch heat exchanger and a branch liquid storage component. The branch heat exchanger is located on the cooling branch, the inlet of the cooling branch is connected to the outlet of the branch liquid storage component, and the outlet of the cooling branch is connected to the inlet of the manifold. The cooling branch is used to introduce the liquid cooling medium in the branch liquid storage component into the branch heat exchanger when the temperature regulating component enters the cooling mode; a first cavity and a second cavity are provided in the branch heat exchanger, the first cavity and the second cavity are arranged adjacent to each other and isolated from each other, the first cavity is connected to the circulation pipeline, and the second cavity is connected to the cooling branch. When the temperature regulating component enters the cooling mode, in order to realize the cooling function of the temperature regulating component, the liquid cooling medium in the branch liquid storage component is introduced into the branch heat exchanger. Since the first cavity is connected to the circulation pipeline and the second cavity is connected to the cooling branch, the liquid cooling medium in the circulation pipeline with a temperature greater than the target temperature will enter the first cavity, and the liquid cooling medium in the branch liquid storage component will enter the second cavity. The liquid cooling medium in the branch liquid storage component can be a single-phase liquid cooling medium. The liquid cooling medium in the circulation pipeline is cooled by the liquid cooling medium in the branch liquid storage component, which is convenient for operation and ensures that the cooling function of the cooling module is reliable. The liquid cooling medium in the branch liquid storage component can be cooled by other methods, such as air cooling, fin heat dissipation, or adding additional heat exchangers. Of course, for the cooling module of the temperature regulating component, it can also be directly cooled by air cooling or other methods, and any method that can realize the cooling of the liquid cooling medium in the circulation pipeline is all possible.

[0013] In one embodiment, the bypass circulation system is further included, and the bypass circulation system is used to connect with the cold plate to form a bypass circulation loop. The bypass circulation system includes a bypass circulation branch, a bypass circulation pump and a bypass liquid storage component. The bypass circulation pump and the bypass liquid storage component are both connected to the bypass circulation branch, and the bypass liquid storage component stores liquid cooling medium. The bypass circulation pump is connected to a controller, and the controller is also used to control the circulation drive component to stop running and control the bypass circulation pump to start when an abnormality occurs in the circulation pipeline. The above-mentioned setting, through the setting of the bypass circulation system, the bypass circulation branch and the cold plate form a bypass circulation loop. Specifically, the cold plate is provided with two sets of inlets and two sets of outlets, and the bypass circulation branch and the circulation pipeline are respectively connected to different inlets and outlets of the cold plate. Such setting is so that when an abnormality occurs in the circulation pipeline or the cold plate is blocked, the liquid cooling medium can be supplied to the cold plate by cutting off the circulation pipeline, and the liquid cooling medium is supplied to the cold plate through the bypass circulation branch, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the cold plate.

[0014] The electronic device provided in this application is provided with the above-mentioned two-phase liquid cooling system. Since the two-phase liquid cooling system has the above-mentioned technical effects, the electronic device provided with the two-phase liquid cooling system should also have corresponding technical effects.

[0015] The two-phase liquid cooling system control method provided by the present application has the following beneficial effects: by obtaining the liquid-cooling medium temperature at the outlet and the liquid-cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate, the heat generation of the component to be cooled can be accurately judged; when the difference between the liquid-cooling medium temperature at the outlet and the liquid-cooling medium temperature at the inlet is greater than the first target value, it indicates that the heat generation of the component to be cooled is large, and the current liquid-cooling medium flow rate cannot meet the heat dissipation demand of the component to be cooled, then the circulation drive component is controlled to operate to increase the flow rate of the liquid-cooling medium in the circulation pipeline; and since the heat generation of the component to be cooled will change, the flow rate of the liquid-cooling medium in the circulation pipeline will also change, which will cause the liquid-cooling medium after circulating through the condenser to change in the flow rate. Before returning to the cold plate, the temperature changes greatly, and the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium entering the cold plate will directly affect its phase change effect, thereby affecting the heat dissipation efficiency. Therefore, when the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate is greater than the target temperature, the temperature regulating component is controlled to enter the cooling mode to cool the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate, and when the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate is less than the target temperature, the temperature regulating component is controlled to enter the heating mode to heat the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate, so as to achieve accurate control of the liquid-cooling medium entering the cold plate, ensure that the liquid-cooling medium enters the cold plate at a constant temperature, thereby ensuring heat dissipation stability, and at the same time making full use of the heat dissipation capacity of the liquid-cooling medium to save costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or related technologies, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or related technical descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a specific implementation of the two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the cold plate in the two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the manifold in the two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6This is a schematic structural diagram of the cooling module of the temperature regulating component in the two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of another specific embodiment of the two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the controller in the two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 The present invention provides a two-phase liquid cooling system control method according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a flow chart of another specific implementation of the two-phase liquid cooling system control method provided by the present invention.

[0027] Reference numerals: 100 - component to be cooled; 1 - circulation pipeline; 2 - manifold; 21 - manifold housing; 22 - liquid distribution pipeline; 23 - gas converging pipeline; 24 - water inlet and return port; 3 - cooling capacity distribution unit; 31 - temperature adjustment component; 311 - heating module; 312 - cooling module; 3121 - cooling branch pipe; 3122 - branch pipe heat exchanger; 3122-1 - first chamber; 3122-2 - second chamber; 3123 - branch pipe liquid storage component; 3124 - branch pipe valve; 32 - condenser; 33-circulation drive component; 34-circulation liquid storage component; 35-charging valve; 36-liquid level sensor; 37-pressure regulating valve; 38-pressure sensor; 39-temperature sensor; 310-regenerator; 3-11-flow meter; 3-12-standby valve; 4-controller; 41-power supply; 5-cold plate; 51-liquid inlet; 52-liquid outlet; 6-bypass circulation system; 61-bypass circulation branch; 62-bypass circulation pump; 63-bypass liquid storage component; 64-bypass connecting pipeline; 65-bypass liquid replenishment pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The core of the present invention is to provide a two-phase liquid cooling system and its control method, as well as electronic equipment, which can fully utilize the heat dissipation efficiency of the two-phase liquid cooling medium to meet the heat dissipation requirements of the electronic equipment.

[0029] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like, indicating positions or relationships, are based on the positions or relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly, and may refer to, for example, fixed, removable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediary; or internal communication between two components. The terms "parallel," "perpendicular," and "equal" encompass the conditions described and conditions similar to the conditions described, provided that the range of the similar conditions is within an acceptable range of deviation, as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, taking into account the measurement in question and the errors associated with the measurement of the specific quantity, i.e., the limitations of the measurement system. For example, "parallel" includes both absolute parallelism and approximate parallelism, where the acceptable deviation range for approximate parallelism may be, for example, within 5°; "perpendicular" includes both absolute perpendicularity and approximate perpendicularity, where the acceptable deviation range for approximate perpendicularity may also be, for example, within 5°. "Equal" includes both absolute equality and approximate equality, where the acceptable deviation range for approximate equality may be, for example, that the difference between the two is less than or equal to 5% of either. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific circumstances.

[0031] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0032] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 3The two-phase liquid cooling system includes: a circulation pipeline 1 for supplying liquid cooling medium, which is a two-phase liquid cooling medium; a manifold 2 for conveying liquid cooling medium to the cold plate 5, which is connected to the circulation pipeline 1; a cooling capacity distribution unit 3, which is located on the circulation pipeline 1 and includes a temperature regulating component 31, a condenser 32 and a circulation driving component 33, wherein the temperature regulating component 31 is used to regulate the liquid cooling medium to a target temperature, wherein the target temperature is less than the saturation temperature of the liquid cooling medium, and the difference between the target temperature and the saturation temperature is a first threshold value; the temperature regulating component 31 is connected to the inlet of the manifold 2 ; The condenser 32 is used to condense the liquid cooling medium, and the inlet of the condenser 32 is used to be connected to the outlet of the cold plate 5; the circulation driving component 33 is used to adjust the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium in the circulation pipeline 1; the controller 4 is used to obtain the liquid cooling medium temperature at the outlet and the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate 5, and control the operation of the circulation driving component 33 according to the difference between the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet and the liquid cooling medium temperature at the outlet; it is also used to control the temperature regulating component 31 to heat or cool the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 according to the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate 5.

[0033] Specifically, the circulation drive component 33 can be a drive pump, such as a gear pump. This two-phase liquid cooling system is a pump-driven, two-phase, closed-loop, whole-cabinet liquid cooling system solution, designed primarily for high-heat-density scenarios such as AI (Artificial Intelligence) servers and GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) nodes. The liquid cooling medium is a low-boiling-point, environmentally friendly refrigerant, such as R-1233zd or 3M Novec series. A temperature control component 31 is incorporated into the structure to achieve efficient and reliable heat dissipation. Furthermore, the saturation temperature of the liquid cooling medium refers to the temperature at which the liquid cooling medium begins to boil and vaporize. When the liquid cooling medium is at the saturation temperature, the latent heat of phase change is maximum. The target temperature should be lower than the saturation temperature. Setting the target temperature 4-6°C below the saturation temperature is most effective, i.e., the first threshold is 4-6°C. To ensure temperature control accuracy, the first threshold can be set to 4.8-5.2°C. The gas-to-liquid cooling ratio within the cold plate 5 can be controlled at approximately 10%.

[0034] The two-phase liquid cooling system is provided with a temperature regulating component 31 and a condenser 32 in the cooling distribution unit 3. When the liquid cooling medium flows from the cooling distribution unit 3 into the cold plate 5, the cold plate 5 exchanges heat with the component to be cooled 100. The component to be cooled 100 may be an electrical component. Therefore, the heat of the component to be cooled 100 is transferred to the liquid cooling medium through the cold plate 5. The cooling medium absorbs heat and undergoes a phase change, thereby taking away the heat. After the phase change, the liquid cooling medium changes to a gas-liquid mixed state, flows out of the cold plate 5, and enters the condenser 32. The condenser 32 liquefies the gas so that the gaseous liquid cooling medium returns to liquid state and flows back into the cold plate 5, thus realizing a cyclic cooling process. However, for the component 100 to be cooled with a large heat output, in order to improve the cooling efficiency of the liquid cooling medium, it is necessary to control the temperature of the liquid cooling medium entering the cold plate 5, that is, the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5, to be slightly lower than the saturation temperature of the liquid cooling medium. The heat of the component 100 to be cooled will change with different working conditions, resulting in the return of the heat to the cold plate 5. The temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet may be higher than the target temperature or lower than the target temperature. The present application adjusts the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 by setting a temperature regulating component 31, that is, the temperature regulating component 31 is used to adjust the liquid-cooling medium to the target temperature, the target temperature is less than the saturation temperature of the liquid-cooling medium, and the difference between the two is a first threshold value. Such a setting can ensure that the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 is not too high. If the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 is too high, the phase change of the liquid-cooling medium in the cold plate 5 will be too drastic, thereby causing the temperature in the circulation pipeline 1 to be too large and unable to operate normally. If the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 is too low, the liquid-cooling medium in the cold plate 5 will not be able to undergo a phase change, thereby affecting the heat dissipation efficiency; further, the manifold 2 serves as the main connecting structure of the cold plate 5, and the temperature regulating component 31 is connected to the front end of the manifold 2, that is, the temperature regulating component 31 regulates the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium entering the manifold 2, thereby realizing temperature regulation of the liquid-cooling medium entering the cold plate 5.

[0035] The two-phase liquid cooling system provided by the present invention can meet the heat load requirements of a single cabinet at the 200kW level and is suitable for whole-cabinet deployment scenarios with high heat flux density; it can effectively improve the heat exchange efficiency of two-phase circulation cooling, meet the heat dissipation requirements of high-power components 100 to be cooled, significantly reduce cooling energy consumption, and effectively extend the service life of electronic equipment.

[0036] In some embodiments, the cooling distribution unit 3 further includes a circulating liquid storage component 34, which is used to store liquid cooling medium. The circulating liquid storage component 34 is connected to the condenser 32, and the height of the circulating liquid storage component 34 is lower than the height of the condenser 32, so that the liquid cooling medium can flow into the circulating liquid storage component 34 under the action of gravity.

[0037] In some embodiments, a backup pipeline and a backup valve 3-12 are provided between the circulating liquid storage component 34 and the circulating drive component 33. The backup valve 3-12 can be a backup solenoid valve. The backup valve 3-12 is connected to the controller 4. The controller 4 is used to control the backup valve 3-12 to open so that the liquid cooling medium can enter the circulating drive component 33 through the backup pipeline. Through the setting of the backup pipeline and the backup valve 3-12, the backup purpose can be achieved when the outlet of the circulating liquid storage component 34 is blocked, etc., to avoid insufficient liquid cooling medium in the cold plate 5 and affect heat dissipation.

[0038] In some embodiments, the cooling capacity distribution unit 3 further includes a filling valve 35, which is disposed between the circulating liquid storage component 34 and the condenser 32. The filling valve 35 can separate the condenser 32 and the circulating liquid storage component 34. Only when the liquid cooling medium in the circulating liquid storage component 34 is insufficient, the filling valve 35 needs to be opened and closed or adjusted to avoid the liquid level in the circulating liquid storage component 34 being too high. The filling valve 35 is connected to the controller 4, and the controller 4 is also used to control the opening of the filling valve 35 to allow the liquid cooling medium in the condenser 32 to flow into the circulating liquid storage component 34, which is convenient for operation.

[0039] In some embodiments, see Figure 8 , also includes a liquid level sensor 36, located in the condenser 32, for obtaining the liquid level height in the condenser 32, the liquid level sensor 36 is connected to the controller 4, and the controller 4 is also used to control the operation of the circulation drive component 33 according to the liquid level height in the condenser 32; specifically, when the liquid level height in the condenser 32 is too high, the power of the circulation drive component 33 can be increased, and the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium can be increased, thereby reducing the liquid level height in the condenser 32 and ensuring the normal operation of the condenser 32.

[0040] In some embodiments, the cooling distribution unit 3 further includes a regenerator 310, such as Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, the regenerator 310 is connected between the temperature regulating component 31 and the circulating liquid storage component 34 and is located before the condenser 32. The function of the regenerator 310 is to cool the high-pressure liquid cooling medium, reduce the generation of flash gas during the throttling process, and ensure stable operation of the system.

[0041] In some embodiments, a drive pump circulates low-temperature refrigerant to the cold plates 5, where it evaporates and absorbs heat. The evaporated gas-liquid mixture then flows back to the condenser 32 of the cold distribution unit 3, releasing heat and condensing into liquid. A gas-liquid separator separates and recycles the condensed reflux liquid from excess gas, maintaining system stability. A temperature control component 31 and a pressure regulating valve 37 regulate the outlet temperature and pressure of the circulation loop, keeping the liquid cooling medium entering each cold plate 5 near saturation, thereby preventing overcooling or drying out. The system employs intelligent control logic, monitoring the loop status via temperature sensors 39 and pressure sensors 38, automatically adjusting the flow rate of the drive pump and the opening of the pressure regulating valve 37 to respond in real time to thermal load fluctuations. If temperature or pressure anomalies are detected, an alarm is triggered and a safety interlock is activated, such as shutting off the pump power or activating a bypass circulation system, to ensure safe operation. This design of the cold distribution unit 3 significantly reduces system energy consumption and improves stability.

[0042] In some embodiments, the temperature regulating component 31 includes a heating module 311, which is used to heat the liquid cooling medium. The heating module 311 can be a heater, such as a resistance wire; when the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet is lower than the target temperature, the controller 4 controls the heating module 311 to start to facilitate heating.

[0043] In some embodiments, a power supply 41 is further included to power the controller 4. The controller 4 can be connected to a human-computer interaction module to facilitate information input and timely acquisition of system operating status.

[0044] In some embodiments, the temperature regulating component 31 includes a cooling module 312, which includes a cooling branch 3121, a branch heat exchanger 3122 and a branch liquid storage component 3123. The branch heat exchanger 3122 is located on the cooling branch 3121, and the inlet of the cooling branch 3121 is connected to the outlet of the branch liquid storage component 3123. The outlet of the cooling branch 3121 is connected to the inlet of the manifold 2. The cooling branch 3121 is used to introduce the liquid cooling medium in the branch liquid storage component 3123 into the branch heat exchanger 3122 when the temperature regulating component 31 enters the cooling mode; a first cavity 3122-1 and a second cavity 3122-2 are provided in the branch heat exchanger 3122, and the first cavity 3122-1 and the second cavity 3122-2 are arranged adjacent to each other and isolated from each other. The first cavity 3122-1 is connected to the circulation pipeline 1, and the second cavity 3122-2 is connected to the cooling branch 3121. Specifically, when the temperature regulating component 31 enters the cooling mode, in order to realize the cooling function of the temperature regulating component 31, the liquid cooling medium in the branch liquid storage component 3123 is introduced into the branch heat exchanger 3122. Since the first cavity 3122-1 is connected to the circulation pipeline 1 and the second cavity 3122-2 is connected to the cooling branch 3121, the liquid cooling medium in the circulation pipeline 1 with a temperature greater than the target temperature will enter the first cavity 3122-1, and the liquid cooling medium in the branch liquid storage component 3123 will enter the second cavity 3122-2. The liquid cooling medium in the branch liquid storage component 3123 can be a single-phase liquid cooling medium. The liquid cooling medium in the circulation pipeline 1 is cooled by the liquid cooling medium in the branch liquid storage component 3123, which is convenient for operation and ensures that the cooling function of the cooling module 312 is reliable. The liquid cooling medium in the branch liquid storage component 3123 can be cooled by other means, such as air cooling, fin heat dissipation or adding an additional heat exchanger. Of course, the cooling module 312 of the temperature regulating component 31 may also be directly cooled by air or other methods, as long as the liquid cooling medium in the circulation pipeline 1 is cooled.

[0045] In some embodiments, the temperature regulating component 31 also includes a branch valve 3124, which is located on the cooling branch 3121. The branch valve 3124 is connected to the controller 4. The controller 4 is also used to control the branch valve 3124 to open when the temperature regulating component 31 enters the cooling mode. The setting of the branch valve 3124 can conveniently control the liquid cooling medium to enter the cooling branch 3121.

[0046] In some embodiments, the cooling distribution unit 3 further includes a pressure regulating valve 37 and a pressure sensor 38. The pressure regulating valve 37 and the pressure sensor 38 are both arranged on the circulation pipeline 1. The pressure sensor 38 is used to obtain the pressure of the liquid cooling medium at the outlet of the cold plate 5. The pressure regulating valve 37 and the pressure sensor 38 are both connected to the controller 4. The controller 4 is also used to control the action of the pressure regulating valve 37 according to the pressure of the liquid cooling medium at the outlet of the cold plate 5. Of course, pressure sensors 38 can be set in the circulation pipeline 1 and other locations to ensure stable operation of each component.

[0047] Specifically, the cooling distribution unit 3 pumps a low-temperature liquid cooling medium to the front end of the system, where it is heated or cooled to a temperature slightly below saturation by a temperature control component 31 before being distributed to each cold plate 5. The vapor-liquid mixed cooling medium at the outlet of the cold plate 5 flows back to the gas-liquid separation tank, or condenser 32, where it condenses into liquid. A subsaturation pressure regulating valve 37 controls the inlet pressure of the drive pump to achieve a closed-loop, stable circulation. The gas-liquid separation tank is equipped with a liquid level sensor that monitors the condensate volume in real time and maintains a constant level by controlling the flow rate at the pump's inlet.

[0048] In some embodiments, see Figure 5 The manifold 2 includes a manifold shell 21, on which a liquid distribution pipe 22, a gas-phase confluence pipe 23 and several water inlets and return ports 24 are provided. The water inlet and return port 24 include a water inlet and a water return port. The cold plate 5 is connected between the water inlet and the water return port. The water inlet and return port 24 are used to supply liquid cooling medium to flow into or out of the cold plate 5. The liquid distribution pipe 22 is used to supply liquid cooling medium from the temperature regulating component 31 to flow into the manifold 2, and the gas-phase confluence pipe 23 is used to supply liquid cooling medium from the manifold 2 to flow into the condenser 32; and the diameter of the gas-phase confluence pipe 23 is larger than the diameter of the liquid distribution pipe 22, thereby meeting the gas-liquid ratio requirements.

[0049] In some embodiments, several regulating valves are further provided within the manifold 2 to adjust the flow rate of the water inlet and return ports 24. Each regulating valve corresponds to each water inlet and return port 24 and is connected to a controller 4. The controller 4 is further configured to control the opening of the regulating valves based on the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium within the cold plate 5. Specifically, a flow meter 3-11 can be provided within the cold plate 5 to detect the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium within the cold plate 5. Alternatively, a flow meter 3-11 can be provided within the circulation line 1 to provide feedback on the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium within the circulation line 1 and to the controller 4, thereby improving the control accuracy of the liquid cooling medium flow rate.

[0050] Specifically, the manifold 2 is a manifold with uniform pressure boundaries. Multi-porous throttling bodies or adjustable valves can be placed inside the manifold 2 or at each outlet to fine-tune the flow rate of each branch. To compensate for deviations caused by gravity and uneven flow, the liquid distribution pipe 22 and the vapor converging pipe 23 use pipes of different diameters. A flow rate proportional distributor, such as one with an adjustable aperture or a one-way solenoid regulating valve, is installed at the farthest branch to balance the low flow rates of the last few branches, ensuring uniform steam quality at the final outlet of each cold plate 5 and close to the design value.

[0051] In some embodiments, to ensure consistent evaporation efficiency across all cold plates 5, the system incorporates a manifold 2 at the drive pump outlet. This manifold 2 evenly distributes the circulating liquid cooling medium to each cold plate 5, collecting the gas-liquid mixture from each cold plate 5 and returning it to the condenser 32. The present invention utilizes an upstream liquid phase distribution and downstream gas phase confluence architecture to evenly distribute refrigerant flow. This system design incorporates flow limiting devices or regulating valves, such as micropores, orifices, or adjustable valves, before and after each cold plate 5 to further suppress flow imbalances and ensure consistent evaporation pressure gradients across individual cold plates 5, thereby achieving equivalent heat load and temperature uniformity when multiple cold plates 5 are connected in parallel.

[0052] In some embodiments, see Figure 4 , further comprising a cold plate 5, which is provided with a liquid inlet 51 and a liquid outlet 52. Both the liquid inlet 51 and the liquid outlet 52 are equipped with quick-connect connectors, facilitating assembly and disassembly and improving maintenance efficiency. Specifically, the quick-connect connector refers to a connector that can quickly connect and disconnect the pipeline after disconnection and connect the pipeline after connection. For example, it can be a blind plug quick connector. It is generally made of stainless steel and has a drip-free sealing structure with a two-way shutoff design, ensuring zero leakage during insertion and removal, and can adapt to the high-density cooling needs of data centers.

[0053] In some embodiments, the quick-connect connector is a dual-valve gas-liquid connector with a pressure relief hole. This hole is used to release pressure within the quick-connect connector when the cold plate 5 is separated from the manifold 2. Specifically, a two-phase quick-connect connector with an automatic shut-off valve is used at the connection between the cold plate 5 and the cooling distribution unit 3. This automatically cuts off the flow of liquid cooling medium and provides moderate pressure relief during insertion and removal. When electronic equipment needs to be replaced or maintained, disconnecting the quick-connect connector allows the cold plate 5 unit to be safely removed without draining the system. When reconnecting, the quick-connect connector automatically opens, resuming circulation. This design improves maintenance convenience and reduces downtime while also avoiding the risk of leaks.

[0054] Specifically, an automatic closing quick-plug connector is used between the pipelines of the cold plate 5 and the manifold 2. The quick-plug connector has an integrated dual-valve design: the liquid and gas phase pipeline valves are automatically closed when disconnected, and the excess pressure in the pipe is quickly released through a small pressure relief hole at the moment of disconnection; the valve automatically opens when connected to resume circulation. When in use, the cold plate 5 module can be installed and removed by simply plugging and unplugging without draining the system. According to statistics, the use of this type of quick connector can complete the replacement of a single board without interfering with the operation of other cold plates 5. This structure greatly improves the convenience of maintenance and avoids the risk of catastrophic leakage that may occur when using traditional cooling systems with fluids.

[0055] In some embodiments, the cold plate 5 is a copper-plated, aluminum-made, or polymer composite cold plate, though other cold plates with excellent thermal conductivity may also be used. The cold plate 5 is internally provided with several microchannels for the circulation of the liquid cooling medium, and the surface of the microchannels is provided with a capillary porous structure, such as a sintered copper powder structure or a porous coating. Specifically, for high-heat-flux electrical components such as GPUs, the cold plate 5 utilizes high-efficiency microchannels and a capillary porous structure that enhances boiling, such as a sintered copper powder structure or a porous coating. Specifically, for high-performance designs such as GPUs, the cold plate 5 incorporates fine-gap microchannels with a microstructured capillary layer or reinforced fins to enhance liquid distribution and bubble generation. This design creates a controlled lattice of vapor nuclei on the surface of the cold plate 5, eliminating hot spots and achieving uniform heat exchange. Tests have shown that microchannel / capillary cold plates can handle heat flux densities of hundreds or even thousands of watts per square centimeter, significantly exceeding the capabilities of traditional water-cooled cold plates.

[0056] Specifically, the interior of the cold plate 5 is densely packed with microchannels, and the width of each microchannel and the contact surface gap between the cold plate 5 and the component to be cooled 100 are less than 0.2 mm. A capillary porous structure is covered on the surface of the microchannel, which can be provided by electroplating or electrodeposition to enhance liquid film reflux and bubble generation. When the cold plate 5 is installed, its back is tightly fitted with electrical components such as the GPU through a heat-conducting medium, which facilitates heat conduction. Experiments have shown that the cold plate 5 forms a stable array of tiny bubbles during the heat absorption process, eliminating local hot spots of the electrical components, and the thermal resistance is much lower than that of an ordinary flat plate structure; under the same power, the cold plate 5 with a microchannel + capillary enhancement design can carry a larger heat flow and maintain temperature uniformity. In addition, a temperature sensor 39 interface is provided on the side of the cold plate 5, which can directly detect the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet or outlet of the cold plate 5, and feedback is provided to the controller 4 to facilitate the control of other components.

[0057] In some embodiments, the cold plate 5 can be designed as a segmented multi-inlet structure, and a back pressure throttle hole can be integrated at each inlet to further balance the local flow. The back pressure throttle hole is a key component for regulating the pressure of the back pressure chamber through a microchannel structure; further, the cold plate 5 can also be provided with a layered structure. Specifically, the cold plate 5 includes an upper space and a lower space. The lower space is close to the component to be cooled 100. The upper space and the lower space are isolated from each other and are arranged adjacent to each other. The upper space and the lower space are both provided with an inlet and an outlet. The circulation pipeline 1 is provided with two inlets and two outlets, which are respectively connected to the upper space and the lower space; during normal operation, The liquid cooling medium flows into the lower space through the circulation pipeline 1, and the cooling component 100 is cooled by means of the phase change of the liquid cooling medium in the lower space. When the upper space cannot operate normally, for example, when a blockage occurs, the circulation pipeline 1 corresponding to the lower space can be closed, and the circulation pipeline 1 corresponding to the upper space can be opened, so that the liquid cooling medium is passed into the upper space, which can ensure that the cooling component 100 continues to be cooled. Moreover, when the lower space cannot continue to operate, the upper space is opened first. When the upper space still cannot operate, it can be protected by the bypass circulation system 6 to further improve the reliable operation of the cold plate 5.

[0058] In some embodiments, a heat conducting medium is filled between the cold plate 5 and the component to be cooled 100 , and the gap between the cold plate 5 and the component to be cooled 100 is ≤0.2 mm, thereby improving heat conduction efficiency.

[0059] In some embodiments, see Figure 7 , also includes a bypass circulation system 6, the bypass circulation system 6 is used to be connected to the cold plate 5 to form a bypass circulation loop, the bypass circulation system 6 is connected to the controller 4, and the controller 4 is also used to control the circulation drive component 33 to stop running and control the bypass circulation system 6 to start when an abnormality occurs in the circulation pipeline 1; through the setting of the bypass circulation system 6, when an abnormality occurs in the circulation pipeline 1, the liquid cooling medium can be replenished to the cold plate 5 in time to meet the heat dissipation demand; the abnormality of the circulation pipeline 1 refers to the abnormality of the circulation pipeline 1 itself or the various components connected to the circulation pipeline 1, which causes the circulation pipeline 1 to be unable to normally provide liquid cooling medium for the cold plate 5.

[0060] In some embodiments, the bypass circulation system 6 includes a bypass circulation branch 61, a bypass circulation pump 62 and a bypass liquid storage component 63. The bypass circulation pump 62 and the bypass liquid storage component 63 are both connected to the bypass circulation branch 61, and the bypass liquid storage component 63 stores a liquid cooling medium; the bypass circulation pump 62 is connected to the controller 4, and the controller 4 is also used to control the circulation drive component 33 to stop running and control the bypass circulation pump 62 to start when an abnormality occurs in the circulation pipeline 1; the bypass circulation system 6 can be a liquid cooling cycle, that is, a liquid cooling medium can be introduced. Of course, the bypass circulation system 6 can also use air cooling to meet the needs. In the above arrangement, through the setting of the bypass circulation system 6, the bypass circulation branch 61 and the cold plate 5 form a bypass circulation loop. Specifically, the cold plate 5 is provided with two sets of inlets and two sets of outlets. The bypass circulation branch 61 and the circulation pipeline 1 are respectively connected to different inlets and outlets of the cold plate 5. This arrangement is so that when an abnormality occurs in the circulation pipeline 1 or the cold plate 5 is blocked, the liquid cooling medium can be supplied to the cold plate 5 by cutting off the circulation pipeline 1, and the liquid cooling medium can be supplied to the cold plate 5 by the bypass circulation branch 61, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the cold plate 5. Furthermore, to save costs, the bypass liquid storage component 63 and the branch pipe liquid storage component 3123 can be the same liquid storage component, storing a single-phase liquid cooling medium, such as water. After heat exchange, the heat is dissipated by air cooling or fins, etc., which is convenient to control.

[0061] In some embodiments, a bypass connecting line 64 and a bypass supplementary drive pump are further included. The bypass supplementary drive pump is located on the bypass connecting line 64. The bypass connecting line 64 is connected between the bypass liquid storage component 63 and the circulating liquid storage component 34, and is used to supply the liquid cooling medium in the circulating liquid storage component 34 to the bypass liquid storage component 63. Specifically, by connecting the bypass connecting line 64 to the bypass liquid storage component 63 and the circulating liquid storage component 34, when an abnormality occurs in the circulating pipeline 1, the liquid cooling medium in the circulating liquid storage component 34 can be added to the bypass liquid storage component 63 through a different pipeline, namely the bypass connecting line 64, so that the liquid cooling medium in the circulating liquid storage component 34 is reused. At the same time, a condenser 32 can also be provided on the bypass circulation branch 61 to realize the circulation of the liquid cooling medium.

[0062] In some embodiments, the system is equipped with a PLC or embedded control unit, connecting components such as the pump-driven cooling distribution unit 3, the manifold 2, and the cold plate 5 into a complete control loop. Pressure sensors 38 and temperature sensors 39 are installed within the cooling distribution unit 3 to monitor the circuit status, and flow sensors or temperature differential sensors are installed at the manifold 2 to assess the operating conditions of each branch. The controller 4 uses a PID or fuzzy algorithm to adjust the flow rate of the drive pump and the valve opening of the pressure regulating valve 37 in real time based on sensor feedback, achieving closed-loop control of the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet or pressure at the outlet of the cold plate 5. For example, when the outlet temperature rises due to increased load, the flow rate of the drive pump is automatically increased or more diversion channels are opened. When low liquid level or insufficient flow is detected, an alarm is issued and the bypass circulation system 6 is activated. The system also integrates multiple safety interlocks, including high-temperature alarms and power interruption to the drive pump, to ensure stable operation of the data center under extreme operating conditions.

[0063] In addition to the above two-phase liquid cooling system, please refer to Figure 9 and Figure 10 The present invention also provides a two-phase liquid cooling system control method. The two-phase liquid cooling system control method includes the following steps.

[0064] Step S1: obtaining the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the outlet and the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 .

[0065] Step S2: When the difference between the outlet temperature of the cooling medium and the inlet temperature of the cooling medium is greater than a first target value, the circulation drive component 33 is controlled to operate to increase the flow rate of the cooling medium in the circulation pipeline 1 .

[0066] Step S3 : when the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 is greater than the target temperature, the temperature regulating component 31 is controlled to enter the cooling mode to cool the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 .

[0067] Step S4 : when the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 is lower than the target temperature, the temperature regulating component 31 is controlled to enter a heating mode to heat the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 .

[0068] The two-phase liquid cooling system control method obtains the liquid cooling medium temperature at the outlet and the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate 5, thereby accurately judging the calorific value of the component to be cooled 100. When the difference between the liquid cooling medium temperature at the outlet and the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet is greater than the first target value, it indicates that the calorific value of the component to be cooled 100 is large, and the current liquid cooling medium flow rate cannot meet the heat dissipation demand of the component to be cooled 100, then the circulation drive component 33 is controlled to operate to increase the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium in the circulation pipeline 1; and since the calorific value of the component to be cooled 100 will change, and the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium in the circulation pipeline 1 will also change, it will cause the liquid cooling medium after circulating through the condenser 32 to flow back to the cold plate 5, the temperature changes greatly, and the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium entering the cold plate 5 will directly affect its phase change effect, thereby affecting the heat dissipation efficiency. Therefore, when the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 is greater than the target temperature, the temperature regulating component 31 is controlled to enter the cooling mode to cool the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5, and when the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 is less than the target temperature, the temperature regulating component 31 is controlled to enter the heating mode to heat the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5, so as to achieve accurate control of the liquid-cooling medium entering the cold plate 5, ensure that the liquid-cooling medium enters the cold plate 5 at a constant temperature, thereby ensuring heat dissipation stability, and at the same time making full use of the heat dissipation capacity of the liquid-cooling medium, saving costs.

[0069] In some embodiments, the two-phase liquid cooling system also includes a bypass circulation system 6, which includes a bypass circulation branch 61, a bypass circulation pump 62 and a bypass liquid storage component 63, and the bypass circulation pump 62 and the bypass liquid storage component 63 are both connected to the bypass circulation branch 61; and also includes the following steps.

[0070] Step S5: When the difference between the outlet liquid-cooling medium temperature and the inlet liquid-cooling medium temperature is greater than the second target value, and the second target value is greater than the first target value, the circulation drive component 33 is controlled to stop moving and an alarm signal is issued. This indicates that the heat generated by the component to be cooled 100 is too large, or there is an abnormality in the circulation pipeline 1, causing the system to be unable to meet its heat dissipation requirements.

[0071] Step S6: Control the bypass circulation pump 62 to start, so that the liquid cooling medium in the bypass liquid storage component 63 flows through the cold plate 5 and then returns to the bypass liquid storage component 63, avoiding dry burning of the cold plate 5 and ensuring normal heat dissipation requirements.

[0072] In some embodiments, see Figure 6The temperature regulating component 31 includes a cooling module 312, the cooling module 312 includes a cooling branch 3121, a branch heat exchanger 3122 and a branch liquid storage component 3123, the branch heat exchanger 3122 is located on the cooling branch 3121, the inlet of the cooling branch 3121 is connected to the outlet of the branch liquid storage component 3123, and the temperature regulating component 31 also includes a branch valve 3124; the following steps are also included.

[0073] Step S7: When the temperature regulating component 31 enters the cooling mode, the branch pipe valve 3124 is controlled to be open. At this time, in order to ensure that the temperature regulating component 31 can cool the liquid cooling medium, the branch pipe valve 3124 is opened.

[0074] Step S8: Control the opening of the branch valve 3124 according to the difference between the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 and the target temperature. When the difference between the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 and the target temperature is large, it means that the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 is too high, and the opening of the branch valve 3124 is controlled to increase.

[0075] The temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the above-mentioned cold plate 5 refers to the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium about to enter the cold plate 5, not the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium that has already entered the cold plate 5. The temperature adjustment of the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5 is performed before the manifold 2, that is, the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium entering the manifold 2 is the same as the temperature of the liquid-cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate 5.

[0076] Specifically, the two-phase liquid cooling system and its control method are generally a closed loop circuit. The driving pump in the cooling distribution unit 3 pushes the low-temperature liquid cooling medium into the manifold 2 through the liquid phase distribution pipe 22, and sends it to each cold plate 5 with the help of pipes and quick-release joints. Each cold plate 5 flows and boils during the heat absorption process, transferring heat to the phase change of the liquid cooling medium. The evaporated gas-liquid mixture flows through the gas phase manifold and returns to the condenser 32 of the cooling distribution unit 3, which can be an air condenser 32 or a water-cooled condenser 32, releasing heat to the external liquid cooling medium, such as cooling water or air, and condensing it into liquid. The condensed liquid is collected in the gas-liquid separator, refluxes to the circulating liquid storage component 34, and then returns to the inlet of the driving pump to complete the cycle. Multiple temperature sensors 39 and pressure sensors 38 are installed within the circulation system to monitor temperatures and pressures at various locations, such as the inlet temperature of the cold plate 5, the outlet temperature of the drive pump, and the outlet pressure of the cold plate 5. A PLC or dedicated controller 4 is used to implement closed-loop regulation of the drive pump speed and the regulating valves within the manifold 2. For example, when the heat load increases, the drive pump speed is automatically increased or more diverter valves are opened to provide a greater flow of liquid cooling medium. Safe saturated operation is ensured through loop pressure regulation. If the inlet temperature of the cold plate 5 is too high, the outlet pressure is too low, or an overtemperature signal is detected, an immediate alarm is issued, and a shutdown or bypass operation is initiated. The system can also adjust the flow distribution of various routes through controllable throttling at the manifold 2 based on actual load conditions, further optimizing temperature uniformity and response speed in steady state.

[0077] This two-phase liquid cooling system and its control method are highly energy-efficient and optimize PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness), significantly reducing cooling energy consumption. Compared to the traditional air-cooled PUE of 1.3-1.5, this system can reduce PUE to 1.05-1.2, achieving an annual energy saving rate of 30%-50%. Heat dissipation performance and equipment stability are significantly improved. The liquid's thermal conductivity is 25 times that of air, quickly stabilizing the temperature of electrical components, preventing overheating and frequency throttling, and extending equipment life by over 50%. It supports single-cabinet power density exceeding 200kW, meeting the high-density computing demands of AI and supercomputing. It offers excellent economic benefits and long-term returns. For 200kW cabinets, the cold plate solution offers lower cooling costs per kilowatt, and waste heat recovery can be used for building heating, generating additional revenue. It strikes a balance between energy conservation, high density, reliability, and cost reduction, making it a key path to the development of green data centers.

[0078] In addition to the above-mentioned two-phase liquid cooling system, the present invention also provides an electronic device. For the structures of other parts of the electronic device, please refer to the relevant technology and will not be described in detail herein.

[0079] The above is a detailed introduction to the two-phase liquid cooling system, control method, and electronic device provided by the present invention. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the present invention, the present invention can also be improved and modified in several ways, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-phase liquid cooling system, characterized in that: include: A circulation pipeline (1) for supplying a liquid cooling medium, wherein the liquid cooling medium is a two-phase liquid cooling medium; A manifold (2) for conveying the liquid cooling medium to the cold plate (5), the manifold (2) being connected to the circulation pipeline (1); A cooling capacity distribution unit (3) is located on the circulation pipeline (1), and comprises a temperature regulating component (31), a condenser (32) and a circulation driving component (33), wherein the temperature regulating component (31) is used to regulate the liquid cooling medium to a target temperature, wherein the target temperature is less than the saturation temperature of the liquid cooling medium, and the difference between the target temperature and the target temperature is a first threshold value; the temperature regulating component (31) is connected to the inlet of the manifold (2); the condenser (32) is used to condense the liquid cooling medium, and the inlet of the condenser (32) is used to be connected to the outlet of the cold plate (5); the circulation driving component (33) is used to regulate the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium in the circulation pipeline (1); The controller (4) is used to obtain the liquid cooling medium temperature at the outlet and the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate (5), and to control the operation of the circulation driving component (33) according to the difference between the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet and the liquid cooling medium temperature at the outlet; and is also used to control the temperature regulating component (31) to heat or cool the liquid cooling medium according to the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate (5).

2. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling capacity distribution unit (3) further comprises a circulating liquid storage component (34), wherein the circulating liquid storage component (34) is used to store the liquid cooling medium, the circulating liquid storage component (34) is connected to the condenser (32), and the height of the circulating liquid storage component (34) is lower than the height of the condenser (32); and / or, a spare pipeline and a spare valve (3-12) are provided between the circulating liquid storage component (34) and the circulating drive component (33), the spare valve (3-12) is connected to the controller (4), and the controller (4) is used to control the spare valve (3-12) to open so that the liquid cooling medium can enter the circulating drive component (33) through the spare pipeline.

3. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cooling capacity distribution unit (3) further includes a filling valve (35), which is arranged between the circulating liquid storage component (34) and the condenser (32). The filling valve (35) is connected to the controller (4), and the controller (4) is further used to control the opening of the filling valve (35) to allow the liquid cooling medium in the condenser (32) to flow into the circulating liquid storage component (34).

4. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature regulating component (31) includes a heating module (311), and the heating module (311) is used to heat the liquid cooling medium; when the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet is lower than the target temperature, the controller (4) controls the heating module (311) to start.

5. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The temperature regulating component (31) includes a cooling module (312), the cooling module (312) includes a cooling branch pipe (3121), a branch pipe heat exchanger (3122) and a branch pipe liquid storage component (3123), the branch pipe heat exchanger (3122) is located on the cooling branch pipe (3121), the inlet of the cooling branch pipe (3121) is connected to the outlet of the branch pipe liquid storage component (3123), the outlet of the cooling branch pipe (3121) is connected to the inlet of the manifold (2), and the cooling branch pipe (3121) is used to cool the temperature at the branch pipe (3121). When the temperature regulating component (31) enters the cooling mode, the liquid cooling medium in the branch pipe liquid storage component (3123) is introduced into the branch pipe heat exchanger (3122); a first chamber (3122-1) and a second chamber (3122-2) are provided in the branch pipe heat exchanger (3122), the first chamber (3122-1) and the second chamber (3122-2) are arranged adjacent to each other and isolated from each other, the first chamber (3122-1) is connected to the circulation pipeline (1), and the second chamber (3122-2) is connected to the cooling branch pipe (3121).

6. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The temperature regulating component (31) further comprises a branch pipe valve (3124), wherein the branch pipe valve (3124) is located on the cooling branch pipe (3121), and the branch pipe valve (3124) is connected to the controller (4). The controller (4) is further configured to control the branch pipe valve (3124) to open when the temperature regulating component (31) enters a cooling mode.

7. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling capacity distribution unit (3) further includes a pressure regulating valve (37) and a pressure sensor (38), both of which are arranged on the circulation pipeline (1), and the pressure sensor (38) is used to obtain the pressure of the liquid cooling medium at the outlet of the cold plate (5). Both of the pressure regulating valve (37) and the pressure sensor (38) are connected to the controller (4), and the controller (4) is further used to control the action of the pressure regulating valve (37) according to the pressure of the liquid cooling medium at the outlet of the cold plate (5).

8. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The manifold (2) comprises a manifold shell (21), and the manifold shell (21) is provided with a liquid phase distribution pipe (22), a gas phase confluence pipe (23), and a plurality of water inlets and return ports (24). The water inlets and return ports (24) are used for allowing the liquid cooling medium to flow into or out of the cold plate (5), the liquid phase distribution pipe (22) is used for allowing the liquid cooling medium to flow from the temperature regulating component (31) into the manifold (2), and the gas phase confluence pipe (23) is used for allowing the liquid cooling medium to flow from the manifold (2) into the condenser (32); and the diameter of the gas phase confluence pipe (23) is larger than the diameter of the liquid phase distribution pipe (22).

9. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 8, characterized in that: A plurality of regulating valves are further provided in the manifold (2), and the regulating valves are used to adjust the flow rate of the water inlet and return port (24). The regulating valves correspond to the water inlet and return port (24) one by one, and the regulating valves are connected to the controller (4). The controller (4) is also used to control the opening of the regulating valves according to the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium in the cold plate (5).

10. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a cold plate (5), the cold plate (5) being provided with a liquid inlet (51) and a liquid outlet (52), and both the liquid inlet (51) and the liquid outlet (52) being provided with quick-connect connectors.

11. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 10, characterized in that: The quick-connect connector is a gas-liquid double-valve connector, and is further provided with a pressure relief hole. The pressure relief hole is used to release the pressure in the quick-connect connector when the cold plate (5) is separated from the manifold (2).

12. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 10, characterized in that: A plurality of microchannels for the liquid cooling medium to circulate are provided inside the cold plate (5), and a capillary porous structure is provided on the surface of the microchannels.

13. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heat-conducting medium is filled between the cold plate (5) and the component to be cooled (100), and a gap between the cold plate (5) and the component to be cooled (100) is ≤0.2 mm; and / or the first threshold value is 4-6°C.

14. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that: The bypass circulation system (6) is further included. The bypass circulation system (6) is used to be connected to the cold plate (5) to form a bypass circulation loop. The bypass circulation system (6) is connected to the controller (4). The controller (4) is also used to control the circulation drive component (33) to stop running and control the bypass circulation system (6) to start when an abnormality occurs in the circulation pipeline (1).

15. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 14, characterized in that: The bypass circulation system (6) includes a bypass circulation branch (61), a bypass circulation pump (62) and a bypass liquid storage component (63). The bypass circulation pump (62) and the bypass liquid storage component (63) are both connected to the bypass circulation branch (61). Liquid cooling medium is stored in the bypass liquid storage component (63). The bypass circulation pump (62) is connected to the controller (4). The controller (4) is also used to control the circulation drive component (33) to stop running and control the bypass circulation pump (62) to start when an abnormality occurs in the circulation pipeline (1).

16. The two-phase liquid cooling system according to claim 15, characterized in that: The bypass connecting pipe (64) and the bypass refilling pump (65) are further included. The bypass refilling pump (65) is located on the bypass connecting pipe (64). The bypass connecting pipe (64) is connected between the bypass liquid storage component (63) and the circulating liquid storage component (34) and is used to supply the liquid cooling medium in the circulating liquid storage component (34) to enter the bypass liquid storage component (63).

17. An electronic device comprising a two-phase liquid cooling system, characterized in that: The two-phase liquid cooling system is the two-phase liquid cooling system according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. A two-phase liquid cooling system control method, characterized in that: The two-phase liquid cooling system according to any one of claims 1 to 16 comprises the following steps: Obtaining the liquid cooling medium temperature at the outlet and the liquid cooling medium temperature at the inlet of the cold plate (5); When the difference between the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the outlet and the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet is greater than a first target value, the circulation drive component (33) is controlled to operate to increase the flow rate of the liquid cooling medium in the circulation pipeline (1); When the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate (5) is greater than the target temperature, the temperature regulating component (31) is controlled to enter a cooling mode to cool the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate (5); When the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate (5) is lower than the target temperature, the temperature regulating component (31) is controlled to enter a heating mode to heat the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate (5).

19. The two-phase liquid cooling system control method according to claim 18, characterized in that: The two-phase liquid cooling system further includes a bypass circulation system (6), wherein the bypass circulation system (6) includes a bypass circulation branch (61), a bypass circulation pump (62), and a bypass liquid storage component (63), wherein both the bypass circulation pump (62) and the bypass liquid storage component (63) are connected to the bypass circulation branch (61); and further includes the following steps: When the difference between the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the outlet and the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet is greater than a second target value, the circulation driving component (33) is controlled to stop operating and an alarm signal is issued; The bypass circulation pump (62) is controlled to start, so that the liquid cooling medium in the bypass liquid storage component (63) flows through the cold plate (5) and then returns to the bypass liquid storage component (63).

20. The two-phase liquid cooling system control method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that: The cooling capacity distribution unit (3) further comprises a circulating liquid storage component (34) and a circulating drive component (33); the temperature regulating component (31) comprises a cooling module (312); the cooling module (312) comprises a cooling branch pipe (3121) and a branch pipe heat exchanger (3122); the branch pipe heat exchanger (3122) is located on the cooling branch pipe (3121); the inlet of the cooling branch pipe (3121) is communicated with the outlet of the circulating liquid storage component (34); the outlet of the cooling branch pipe (3121) is communicated with the inlet of the condenser (32); the temperature regulating component (31) further comprises a branch pipe valve (3124); the branch pipe valve (3124) is located on the cooling branch pipe (3121); and the following steps are further included: When the temperature regulating component (31) enters the cooling mode, controlling the branch pipe valve (3124) to open; The opening of the branch pipe valve (3124) is controlled according to the difference between the temperature of the liquid cooling medium at the inlet of the cold plate (5) and the target temperature.

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