Method for quickly recovering subalpine meadow vegetation in engineering disturbance low-latitude plateau

Abstract

The invention discloses an engineering disturbance low-latitude plateau sub-alpine meadow vegetation rapid recovery method which comprises the following steps: before engineering construction, stripping a soil seed bank in an engineering construction range area; storing the stripped soil seeds in a bank; soil turning and leveling are conducted on the area needing to be repaired; a base material is added for soil improvement; seed bank soil is repeatedly covered; sowing a small amount of local dominant plant species; adding a microbial agent; and maintaining. The vegetation restoration method which is fast in restoration, ecological, environment-friendly and low in cost is provided for the low-latitude plateau area which is ecologically fragile and sensitive, vegetation restoration is carried out by taking the soil seed bank as the main part and taking a small amount of dominant plant seeds as the auxiliary part, local soil and climate conditions can be better adapted, and the stability of a local ecological system can be maintained. Meanwhile, the requirements of tedious work such as artificial sowing and seedling raising are reduced, the vegetation recovery speed is increased, the cost is saved, and the problems that vegetation recovery in the low-latitude plateau meadow engineering disturbance area is difficult and the recovery period is long are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular relates to a method for rapid recovery of vegetation in engineering disturbance low-latitude plateau subalpine meadow. BACKGROUND

[0002] Subalpine meadow, as a kind of alpine meadow, is distributed at an altitude of 3000-4000m, mainly distributed in the western mountains of China, the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Qinling Mountains, and the northwest and northeast of Yunnan Province. It is an important part of the mountain-water-forest-lake-grass-sand-ice life community in China. At the same time, it is a unique ecological landscape unit in Yunnan Province and an important grassland resource for local animal husbandry development. As an important part of the green ecological barrier in Yunnan Province, it plays a very important role in protecting regional biodiversity and maintaining ecological system stability. However, in recent years, with the continuous promotion of new energy projects such as high-altitude wind power and photovoltaic power generation in Yunnan Province, subalpine meadow is facing increasingly severe ecological pressure. Due to the cold, dry, strong radiation, and high wind speed of the high-altitude area where the subalpine meadow is located, the plant growing season is short, the survival rate is low, and the growth is slow. In addition, the subalpine meadow ecosystem is fragile and sensitive, and it is very difficult to recover vegetation after engineering disturbance.

[0003] Currently, the preparation and recovery of alpine meadow disturbed by engineering mainly adopts new seeding method, which transports the soil near the repair area to the area to be repaired, and then sprays or spreads the area to seed the local plant seeds, and adjusts the composition of the repair soil during the period. There is no report on the use of soil seed bank for alpine meadow vegetation recovery. Soil seed bank is a collection of all surviving plant seeds with germination and growth potential in litter and soil, which is a seed source storage for maintaining natural regeneration and succession of aboveground vegetation. As an important part of surface soil resources and plant community, soil seed bank constitutes an important material basis for vegetation restoration. The seeds contained therein not only provide direct seed source for vegetation restoration, but also may even exceed the number of existing plant individuals, and have greater tolerance and recovery capacity. As a "shelter" for seeds, the soil environment can maintain the activity of seeds and protect them from interference, diseases and animal predation. Making full use of soil seed bank resources, giving full play to the advantages of local plants, reducing construction and maintenance costs, optimizing plant community structure, reducing the risk of invasion of alien species, and maintaining regional ecological safety. In ecological restoration practice, using native surface soil resources for soil recovery has been proved to be a key link for restoring the structure and function of ecological system.

[0004] Therefore, the present application is proposed to provide technical support for the ecological restoration of subalpine meadow production and construction project engineering disturbance, to help the ecological civilization construction in Yunnan Province, and to promote the healthy and sustainable development of new energy projects such as high-altitude wind power and photovoltaic power generation in Yunnan Province. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, provide a method for rapid recovery of vegetation in low-latitude plateau sub-alpine meadow disturbed by engineering, which provides a fast, eco-friendly and low-cost vegetation recovery method for the low-latitude plateau region with fragile and sensitive ecology. The method uses soil seed bank to restore meadow vegetation in low-latitude plateau region, mainly using soil seed bank and supplemented by sowing a small amount of dominant plant species for vegetation restoration. The method realizes in-situ vegetation restoration by using the rich seed resources in the soil seed bank. These seeds have strong environmental tolerance and can better adapt to local soil and climate conditions, helping to maintain the stability of the local ecosystem. At the same time, the method reduces the need for tedious work such as artificial sowing and seedling raising, speeds up the vegetation recovery speed, saves cost, and solves the problems of difficult vegetation recovery and long recovery period in low-latitude plateau meadow disturbed by engineering.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the basic idea of the technical solution of the present application is:

[0007] A method for rapid recovery of vegetation in low-latitude plateau sub-alpine meadow disturbed by engineering, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Soil seed bank stripping

[0009] Select soil seed bank stripping points in the engineering construction area, and strip in autumn, spring and summer. Set up three groups and strip in autumn, spring and summer, with a depth of 20cm below the turf. Finally, according to data measurement and analysis, it is concluded that the stripping seasons with good effects are autumn and spring. Autumn is the peak period of seed maturation and scattering, and the soil seed bank content is the largest. The seed bank content in spring is not as large as in autumn, but the stripped soil seed bank can be directly covered in spring without storage, and the seed activity is the highest with high germination rate. Therefore, the stripping effects in autumn and spring are both ideal. The soil seed bank contains rich seed resources, and these seeds have strong environmental tolerance and can better adapt to local soil and climate conditions, helping to maintain the stability of the local ecosystem.

[0010] (2) Soil seed bank storage

[0011] Dry environment storage

[0012] The stripped soil seed bank is transported to the designated stacking site for storage, and the appropriate storage method is selected according to the storage time. For short-term storage, the soil can be piled in a cool, dry and well-ventilated area. The pile height should not exceed 1.5 meters, and covered with sunshade and rainproof materials to prevent direct sunlight and rain. It can also be placed in a well-breathable woven bag for temporary storage. If medium- and long-term storage is required, the soil can be transferred to a moisture-proof and ventilated shed or warehouse, and measures such as isolation with pads, rodent and insect prevention should be taken; if conditions permit, placing it in a cool environment of 4-10°C can further delay the decline of seed activity. During the storage process, the stack should be kept ventilated and dry. A dry storage environment can better maintain the activity of the soil seed bank and alleviate the loss of soil nutrients during long-term storage.

[0013] (3) Turning over and leveling the soil

[0014] Use an excavator bucket to turn over and level the land in the area to be restored. It is preferred to use an excavator bucket used for vegetation restoration, see the attached Figure 2 The bucket of the excavator is formed by rib components and reinforcement ribs. The bucket as a whole can be used for turning over and raking the soil. It can not only perform deep excavation, but also tamp and rake the soil. At the same time, it can filter out large-diameter sand and gravel that are not conducive to plant growth. It meets the requirements of soil turning over and leveling for vegetation restoration, fully utilizes the area, and can greatly improve the efficiency compared with traditional buckets. It has the advantages of low operation difficulty, low cost, and high land preparation efficiency.

[0015] (4) Substrate treatment

[0016] Prepare a base material and lay it on the soil surface. The base material is primarily composed of red clay-fired ceramsite, compound fertilizer, water-retaining agent, plant fiber, and cattle and sheep manure. Red clay-fired ceramsite increases soil porosity and air permeability, harmonizing moisture and air balance, preventing soil compaction and promoting plant growth. The compound fertilizer is rich in trace elements, providing essential nutrients for plant growth and development. The water-retaining agent effectively absorbs and retains water, reducing evaporation and improving plant resistance to drought. The plant fiber is rice husks produced by local farmers, which increase organic matter content, provide insulation and water retention, and balance water retention and air permeability. The cattle and sheep manure is fermented locally and is rich in organic matter, providing nutrients for plant growth.

[0017] (5) Restoring the seed bank soil

[0018] In the spring of the following year, cover the seed bank with soil to a thickness of 5-8 cm. The thickness should be neither too thin nor too thick. A thin layer will contain too few seeds, while a thick layer will make it difficult for the seeds at the bottom to emerge, affecting germination. Covering the seed bank soil in the spring is important because temperatures begin to rise and soil nutrients gradually release, providing a nutrient base for seed germination and promoting seed germination and seedling growth.

[0019] (6) Adding microbial agents

[0020] The bacillus subtilis microbial agent and the expanded AMF microbial agent are uniformly added to the plant seeds. The dosage is: bacillus subtilis microbial agent 2-5 g / m 2 , expanded AMF microbial agent 10-30 g / m 2 . The bacillus subtilis can secrete various enzymes and antibiotics to inhibit the reproduction of harmful pathogens in the soil and prevent soil-borne diseases. The AMF microbial agent can expand the absorption range of the plant root system and help the plant more effectively absorb the nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium in the soil. It can also enhance the drought resistance, salt tolerance and disease resistance of the plant, so that the plant can still maintain a good growth state under adverse environmental conditions. Through the growth of mycelium and the action of secretions, the AMF microbial agent helps to improve the aggregate structure of the soil, increase the aeration and water retention of the soil.

[0021] (7) Sowing a small amount of dominant plant seeds

[0022] A small amount of local dominant plant seeds is added to the microbial agent, and the seeds are uniformly sown at a dosage of 10 g / m 2 of Potentilla chinensis and 10 g / m 2 of tall fescue. After sowing, the seeds are covered with about 0.5-1.5 cm thick fine soil to promote germination and growth. A small amount of local dominant plant seeds is added to drive and accelerate the vegetation restoration and promote plant community succession. (The specific sown seed types and quantities may vary depending on the actual situation of the specific vegetation restoration area.)

[0023] (8) Maintenance

[0024] Regular watering and pest control are performed, and human and grazing damage is reduced.

[0025] After adopting the above technical scheme, the present application has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0026] Most of the seeds stored in the soil seed bank are seeds of local plants, which have strong adaptability and survival ability, can better adapt to the changes in the local environment, and are more likely to survive and grow during the vegetation restoration process, thereby improving the success rate of vegetation restoration.

[0027] The use of the soil seed bank for vegetation restoration can directly save the cost of seed procurement, realize resource recycling, and reduce the cost of the restoration project compared with introducing a large number of seeds from the outside for planting.

[0028] At the same time, the soil seed bank is used as the main part, and a small amount of dominant plant seeds are sown for vegetation restoration, so that the ecological advantages of local plants can be fully utilized. The plant species used are all local dominant plant species, which avoids the irreversible consequences caused by the introduction of foreign species and the invasion of species.

[0029] In addition, the soil seed bank is used for vegetation restoration, which reduces the need for artificial sowing and seedling cultivation and other tedious work, simplifies the operation process of vegetation restoration, speeds up the vegetation restoration speed, and greatly saves the cost of vegetation restoration.

[0030] The specific embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] The accompanying drawings, which are part of the present application, serve to provide a further understanding of the present application, and the schematic embodiments of the present application and their descriptions serve to explain the present application, but do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments, and other drawings can be obtained from these drawings by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor. In the drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present application.

[0033] Figure 2 is a process diagram of the method embodiment 1 of the present application using an excavator bucket to turn over and level the soil.

[0034] Figure 3 is a comparison diagram of the restoration effects of the method embodiment 1 and the comparative example 1 of the present application. Among them, (A1) is the embodiment 1, and (B1) is the comparative example 1.

[0035] Figure 4 is a comparison diagram of the restoration effects of the method embodiment 2 and the comparative example 2 of the present application. Among them, (A2) is the embodiment 2, and (B2) is the comparative example 2.

[0036] Figure 5 is a site map before vegetation restoration in the repair area.

[0037] Figure 6 is a half-year effect diagram of the vegetation restoration in the repair area using the method of the present application.

[0038] Figure 7 is a one-year effect diagram of the vegetation restoration in the repair area using the method of the present application.

[0039] Figure 8 is a soil shear strength index diagram.

[0040] Figure 9 is a species diversity index calculation result.

[0041] It should be noted that these drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the conceptual scope of the present invention in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of the present invention for those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for rapid restoration of subalpine meadow vegetation in low-latitude plateaus after engineering disturbance described in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0045] Step (1), before construction, in autumn, at the Gaobenshan Wind Power Plant in Xundian County, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, soil seed bank stripping is performed within the construction area;

[0046] Step (2), transporting the stripped soil seed bank to a stacking site and keeping the stack ventilated and dry;

[0047] Step (3): After the construction is completed, the land in the area to be restored is turned over and leveled using an excavator bucket;

[0048] Step (4), preparing a substrate and laying it on the soil surface, the substrate is made of red clay fired ceramsite, compound fertilizer, water retaining agent, plant fiber (husk), decomposed cattle and sheep feces, and other auxiliary materials (adjusting pH and trace elements, etc.), and its mass ratio is: red clay fired ceramsite 55% + cattle and sheep feces 25% + plant fiber 10% + compound fertilizer 5% + water retaining agent 0.5% + other auxiliary materials 4.5%;

[0049] Step (5), in the spring of the second year, cover the seed bank with soil to a thickness of 5 cm;

[0050] Step (6), add 3g / m of Bacillus subtilis agent 2 , AMF agent after expansion 10g / m 2 , mix the fungal agent with the seeds and mix them evenly, so that the fungal spores adhere to the seed coat and invade the young roots as the seeds germinate;

[0051] Step (7), the dominant plant seeds mixed with the microbial agent were mixed with the dominant plant seeds at a rate of 10 g / m 2 , tall fescue 10g / m 2 Sow the seeds evenly and cover them with about 1cm thick fine soil after sowing to shallowly cover the seeds to promote their germination and growth;

[0052] Step (8), watering and pest control are carried out regularly after sowing, and fertilization is carried out once a month during maintenance.

[0053] Comparative Example 1

[0054] The comparative example is mainly used for effect comparison with the above-mentioned example 1, and the main difference between the comparative example and example 1 is that the comparative example does not add seed bank soil and does not add microbial agent. The specific implementation steps of the comparative example are as follows:

[0055] Step (1), after the completion of engineering construction, the land in the area to be ecologically restored is turned over and leveled by using the excavator bucket in the area to be restored;

[0056] Step (2), prepare the base material and lay it on the soil surface, the base material is made of red clay fired ceramsite, compound fertilizer, water retaining agent, plant fiber (husk), matured cow and sheep manure, and other auxiliary materials (adjusting PH and trace elements, etc.), and the mass ratio is: red clay fired ceramsite 55% + cow and sheep manure 25% + plant fiber 10% + compound fertilizer 5% + water retaining agent 0.5% + other auxiliary materials 4.5%;

[0057] Step (3), evenly spread the seeds of dominant plants according to 10g / m 2 of fescue 10g / m 2 , cover about 1cm thick fine soil after sowing to promote germination and growth of the seeds;

[0058] Step (4), watering and pest control are carried out regularly after sowing, and fertilization is carried out once a month during maintenance.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] The example is mainly used for comparison of the restoration effect of stripping soil seed bank in different seasons with the above-mentioned example 1, and the main difference between the example and example 1 is that the stripping season of the seed bank soil in the example is spring, the storage time is short, and the construction is completed immediately. The specific implementation steps are the same as those of example 1.

[0061] Comparative Example 2

[0062] The comparative example is mainly used for comparison with the above-mentioned example 2, and the specific implementation steps are exactly the same as those of comparative example 1.

[0063] In order to verify the effect, combined with the attached Figures 2-7The vegetation recovery effects of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2 after 2 years of repair were compared and analyzed, and the indexes included average plant height, coverage and uniformity. Among them, the uniformity refers to the neatness of the overall vegetation (10-point system, plants are uneven, with very large differences 0-4 points; plant height is inconsistent and the difference is large 5-7 points; plants are neat, with consistent or basically consistent height 8-10 points). The data statistics results are shown in Table 1.

[0064] Table 1: Vegetation recovery effect

[0065]

[0066] From the data in Table 1, it can be seen that Examples 1 and 2 are significantly better than Comparative Examples in various indexes, with average plant height of 14.67 cm and 15 cm, coverage of 84% and 92.33%, and plant distribution uniformity score of 8 and 9. In comparison, the coverage of the comparative examples is only about half of the examples, and the uniformity of plant distribution is significantly lower. It shows that the method of the present application can effectively promote the growth of vegetation, significantly improve the surface coverage effect, and the plant community structure after restoration is more uniform and stable, with good ecological restoration ability.

[0067] Soil shear strength as an important indicator to measure soil structure stability can reflect its erosion resistance and damage resistance to a certain extent. In order to evaluate the influence of the method of the present application on the mechanical properties of the soil in the vegetation restoration area, the soil shear strength, density and water content of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were determined after seeding for the second year, in order to verify the restoration effect of the present application. The data statistics results are shown in Table 2.

[0068] Table 2: Physical properties and shear strength indicators of soil

[0069]

[0070] The shear strength index is shown in Table 2 and the data in the attached Figure 8 From Table 2 and the data in the attached Figure 8 , the soil density of Examples 1 and 2 is 1.538 g / cm 3 and 1.732 g / cm 3 , which is significantly higher than 1.528 g / cm 3 and 1.590 g / cm 3, which shows that the soil structure after the repair method of the application is more compact. In terms of water content, the examples remain at 29.00% and 30.02%, slightly higher than the control area, reflecting that the soil has good water holding capacity, which is beneficial to plant growth and soil biological activity. In terms of shear parameters, the cohesion of the examples is 24.7kPa and 28.0kPa, respectively, which is significantly higher than 15.3kPa and 20.0kPa of the comparative examples; the internal friction angle is 18.8° and 20.6°, respectively, which is also higher than the comparative examples. Figure 8 The shear strength fitting straight line and formula of different repair areas are further shown in the examples, which shows that the shear strength of examples 1 and 2 increases more significantly with the increase of normal stress (σ), and the slope and intercept are higher than those of the corresponding comparative examples, which shows that the shear capacity is more significantly enhanced.

[0071] Therefore, it can be shown that the method of the application not only improves the vegetation restoration level, but also effectively improves the structural stability and shear strength of the soil, thereby enhancing the anti-erosion capacity and improving the overall restoration quality of the ecological system.

[0072] To comprehensively evaluate the influence of the method of the application on the plant community structure and ecological restoration quality, the vegetation in the repair areas of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-2 was investigated for species diversity in the second year of seeding. 100cm*100cm quadrats were randomly selected in the test area, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, Simpson dominance index and Margalef richness index of each test area were calculated and statistically analyzed. The above diversity indexes can reflect the richness, distribution uniformity and dominant species of the community from different dimensions, and further reveal the ecological stability and restoration level of the vegetation restoration area, thereby providing a scientific basis for the ecological effect of the method of the application. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0073] Shannon-Wiener diversity index:

[0074]

[0075] In the formula: H' is the Shannon-Wiener diversity index; S is the total number of plant species in the quadrat; n i is the number of individuals of the i th species; N is the total number of individuals of all species in the quadrat.

[0076] Pielou evenness index:

[0077]

[0078] In the formula: E is the Pielou evenness index; H max is the maximum value of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the species; S is the total number of plant species in the quadrat.

[0079] Simpson dominance index:

[0080]

[0081] wherein D is the Simpson dominance index; n is the number of individuals of the i species in the quadrat; and N is the total number of individuals of all species in the quadrat. i

[0082] Margalef richness index:

[0083]

[0084] wherein M is the Margalef richness index; S is the total number of plant species in the quadrat; and N is the total number of individuals of all species in the quadrat.

[0085] The calculation results of the species diversity index are shown in Table 1 and FIG. 1. Figure 9 As shown in the data in the figure, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, the Pielou evenness index, the Simpson dominance index, and the Margalef richness index of the implementation examples 1 and 2 are all better than those of the comparative examples. The Shannon-Wiener indices of the implementation areas are 1.412 and 1.524 respectively, which are obviously higher than those of the comparative examples, indicating that the vegetation is more diverse and the community structure is more complex; the evenness indices are also higher, indicating that the plant distribution is more balanced; the dominance indices are significantly lower than those of the comparative examples, indicating that there is no phenomenon of monopoly by a few species in the implementation areas, and the stability of the ecological system is good; at the same time, the increase of the Margalef richness index further reflects the increase of the number of species. The above results show that the method of the present application can quickly restore vegetation, help to improve the diversity and balance of the plant community, improve the community structure, and enhance the stability and recovery ability of the ecological system.

[0086] In summary, through the analysis of the measured data of the vegetation growth indicators, the soil shear strength, and the species diversity, it can be seen that the method of the present application has a significant effect in promoting plant growth, improving community uniformity and coverage, and can effectively enhance the stability of the soil structure in the restoration area, improve the shear performance, and significantly improve the erosion resistance. At the same time, the restored vegetation community performs well in terms of species composition, distribution balance, and ecological stability, and has a high level of diversity. The above results fully verify the applicability and comprehensive restoration effect of the method of the present application in ecologically fragile areas, and have good popularization and application value.

[0087] ​The above merely describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application in any form. Although the present application has been disclosed with the preferred embodiments as above, it is not intended to limit the present application, and any skilled person in the art can make some changes or modifications to the above-mentioned technical content with the above-mentioned prompt as equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, but as long as it does not deviate from the technical solution of the present application, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present application are still within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly restoring the vegetation of low-latitude highland subalpine meadow by engineering disturbance, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1, selecting soil seed bank stripping points in the engineering construction range area, and stripping soil seed banks in spring and autumn; Step 2, transporting the stripped soil seed banks to a stacking site, and keeping the stacking site ventilated and dry; Step 3, using an excavator bucket to turn over and level the land in the area to be repaired; Step 4, preparing a base material and laying the base material on the soil surface, wherein the base material is mainly made of red clay fired haydite, compound fertilizer, water-retaining agent, plant fiber and fermented cow and sheep manure; Step 5, returning the soil seed bank in the second spring, and the returning thickness is 5-8 cm; Step 6, uniformly adding bacillus subtilis inoculum and expanded AMF inoculum into plant seeds; Step 7, a small amount of local dominant plant seeds inoculated with the inoculum are sowed; Step 8, regularly watering and treating diseases and pests, and fertilizing once a month during the maintenance period.

2. The method for rapid recovery of vegetation in low-latitude plateau subalpine meadow according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 6, the amount of the bacterial agent: Bacillus subtilis bacterial agent 2-5 g / m 2 , 10-30 g / m 2 of the expanded AMF bacterial agent.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, In step 6, the plant seeds are: Potentilla chinensis, Tall Fescue, and the amount is: Potentilla chinensis 10 g / m 2 , Tall Fescue 10 g / m 2 .

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