Multifunctional composite binder for silicon-carbon anode of lithium ion battery and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a multifunctional composite binder for a silicon-carbon negative electrode of a lithium ion battery and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of lithium batteries. The method comprises the following steps: dissolving sodium alginate in a PBS buffer solution, adding a catalyst and 1-pyrenemethylamine hydrochloride, and performing an amidation reaction under room temperature conditions; after the reaction is completed, precipitation, suction filtration and freeze-drying are performed to obtain SA-Py; water is added into the SA-Py to obtain an SA-Py aqueous solution, and then carboxylated carbon nanotubes are dispersed in the SA-Py aqueous solution, so that the multifunctional composite binder is obtained. The binder prepared by utilizing multiple synergistic effects can effectively inhibit the volume expansion of a silicon-carbon negative electrode material in a cycle process, so that the long-term cycle stability of the electrode is significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of lithium battery technology, and particularly relates to a multifunctional composite binder for silicon-carbon anodes of lithium-ion batteries, its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread adoption of new energy vehicles and the rapid development of electrochemical energy storage devices, the market demand for lithium-ion batteries continues to rise. This leads to higher performance requirements, particularly in terms of energy density, cycle stability, and safety. Traditional graphite anodes, after long-term development, can no longer meet the demands of industries such as new energy vehicles for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. In the application of lithium-ion battery anode materials, silicon is considered the most promising next-generation anode material, with a theoretical capacity as high as 4200 mAh g⁻¹. -1 It far exceeds the 372mAh g of commercial graphite. -1 The theoretical capacity is [not specified]. However, the huge volume change (approximately 300%) and low initial coulombic efficiency of silicon-based anode materials severely hinder their commercialization. Silicon-carbon materials, with better cycling performance and higher coulombic efficiency, are currently the hot topic in the commercialization of silicon-based materials. However, silicon-carbon materials still suffer from certain volume expansion problems, which leads to poor long-cycle stability and rate performance.

[0003] As a key component of battery electrodes, the binder's dispersion uniformity and interfacial bonding strength directly affect the electrode's structural integrity and cycle stability. In silicon-carbon composite anode systems, the choice of binder is particularly crucial, requiring efficient bonding of both silicon and graphite components. Currently available commercial binders, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose / styrene-butadiene rubber, sodium alginate, and polyacrylic acid, exhibit good bonding performance to silicon, but their poor molecular structure and affinity for graphite make it difficult to maintain the overall structural stability of the silicon-carbon anode during cycling. This limitation poses a significant challenge to the application of traditional binders in silicon-carbon anodes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a multifunctional composite binder for silicon-carbon anodes in lithium-ion batteries, its preparation method, and its application. This multifunctional composite binder can effectively alleviate the volume expansion of silicon-carbon anodes, thereby improving their long-cycle stability.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] One objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a multifunctional composite binder for silicon-carbon anodes in lithium-ion batteries, comprising the following steps: dissolving sodium alginate in PBS buffer solution, adding a catalyst and 1-pyrene methylamine hydrochloride, and carrying out an amidation reaction at room temperature; after the reaction, precipitating with anhydrous ethanol, filtering, and lyophilizing to obtain SA-Py; adding water to the SA-Py to obtain a 3% (w / w) SA-Py aqueous solution, and then dispersing carboxylated carbon nanotubes (c-CNTs) therein to obtain the multifunctional composite binder.

[0007] This invention relates to sodium alginate, a high-modulus natural polysaccharide extracted from brown algae. The sodium alginate macromolecular polymer chain contains abundant polar functional groups, enabling strong adhesion between it and active particles, thus exhibiting excellent biocompatibility and strong adhesive properties. 1-Pyrene methylamine hydrochloride is a small molecule containing numerous benzene rings, similar in structure to graphite, which can generate π-π conjugation to enhance adhesion. The unique tubular structure and high specific surface area of ​​carbon nanotubes enable them to continuously and stably conduct electrons, while their graphitized structure also generates π-π conjugation, maintaining the stability and integrity of the battery structure. Based on this, this invention synthesizes a multifunctional composite binder by amidation reaction of sodium alginate with the small molecule material 1-pyrene methylamine hydrochloride, followed by purification and dispersion of carboxylated carbon nanotubes. This biomaterial-modified composite binder improves the electronic conductivity and mechanical strength of the binder, achieving improved cycle stability of the silicon-carbon anode.

[0008] Further, the mass ratio of the PBS buffer solution to sodium alginate is (80-100):1; and / or,

[0009] The mass ratio of sodium alginate to 1-pyrene methylamine hydrochloride is (3-4):1; and / or,

[0010] The mass ratio of sodium alginate to catalyst is (3-4):1; and / or,

[0011] The mass ratio of SA-Py to carboxylated carbon nanotubes is (1-2):1.

[0012] Furthermore, the pH of the PBS buffer solution is 4.5-5.5.

[0013] Furthermore, the catalyst is a mixture of 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in a mass ratio of 5:3.

[0014] Furthermore, the amidation reaction takes 9-12 hours; and / or,

[0015] The freeze-drying time is 36-48 hours.

[0016] A second objective of this invention is to provide a multifunctional composite binder for silicon-carbon anodes in lithium-ion batteries, which is prepared using the above-described method. It is abbreviated as SA-Py-CNT.

[0017] The third objective of this invention is to provide a negative electrode, the raw materials of which include the multifunctional composite binder for lithium-ion battery silicon-carbon negative electrodes and the active material silicon-carbon.

[0018] The fourth objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a negative electrode, comprising the following steps: mixing a multifunctional composite binder and an active material silicon carbon, adding deionized water, stirring to obtain a uniformly dispersed slurry; coating the slurry onto a copper foil and drying it under vacuum.

[0019] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the multifunctional composite binder to the active material silicon-carbon is (2-3):(7-8); and / or,

[0020] The stirring time is 45-60 min; and / or,

[0021] The vacuum drying temperature is 70-80℃, and the time is 12-36h.

[0022] The fifth objective of this invention is to provide a lithium-ion battery, the raw materials of which include the negative electrode, and the negative electrode material of the lithium-ion battery is Si / C (950K).

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0024] The SA-Py-CNT binder of this invention is a multifunctional composite binder with good affinity for silicon-carbon anode materials. It is prepared by amidation reaction of sodium alginate and 1-pyrene methylamine hydrochloride, followed by purification and dispersion of carboxylated carbon nanotubes. This multifunctional composite binder has good affinity for silicon-carbon materials because sodium alginate has a large number of hydroxyl groups, which have a good affinity for silicon. At the same time, the system contains a large number of aromatic rings and graphitized structures, which form π-π conjugation with carbon materials. The combination of these two is beneficial for forming a coating layer on the surface of silicon-carbon materials.

[0025] The SA-Py-CNT binder of this invention is a water-based binder, which has the advantages of being environmentally friendly and simple to prepare. Sodium alginate is a natural polysaccharide containing abundant polar functional groups, and it is characterized by its low price, good dispersibility, and water solubility, making it a promising binder.

[0026] This invention relates to a multifunctional composite binder obtained by reacting sodium alginate as the main chain with 1-pyrene methylamine hydrochloride via an amidation reaction, followed by purification and dispersion of carboxylated carbon nanotubes. This binder possesses abundant binding sites, exhibiting superior mechanical properties and adhesive strength, thereby improving the long-cycle performance of silicon-carbon anodes in lithium-ion batteries. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multifunctional composite adhesive of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 The cycling performance of a coin cell prepared using the multifunctional composite binder of Example 1 is shown in the figure.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a comparison graph showing the cycle performance of coin cells prepared using the binders of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0031] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0033] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0034] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0035] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0036] This invention grafts 1-pyrene methylamine hydrochloride onto the sodium alginate backbone to form a three-dimensional network structure (SA-Py); then, carboxylated carbon nanotubes are composited with it to obtain the desired structure. The aromatic rings and graphitized structures in the SA-Py-CNT binder system can generate π-π conjugation with carbon materials, significantly enhancing the binder's affinity for carbon materials. Simultaneously, the abundant polar functional groups in the system effectively improve the mechanical properties and ion conductivity of the binder. Furthermore, the high electrical conductivity of the carbon nanotubes constructs "line-surface" contact electron transport channels in the electrode, thereby significantly improving the electronic conductivity of the binder. Based on these multiple synergistic effects, this binder can effectively suppress the volume expansion of silicon-carbon anode materials during cycling, thus significantly improving the long-term cycling stability of the electrode.

[0037] This invention provides a method for preparing a multifunctional composite binder for silicon-carbon anodes in lithium-ion batteries, comprising the following steps: dissolving sodium alginate in PBS buffer solution, adding a catalyst to activate the carboxyl groups, then adding 1-pyrene methylamine hydrochloride, and carrying out an amidation reaction at room temperature. After the reaction, precipitation is performed with anhydrous ethanol, followed by filtration and freeze-drying to obtain SA-Py; water is added to SA-Py to obtain a 3% (w / w) SA-Py aqueous solution, and then carboxylated carbon nanotubes (c-CNTs) are dispersed therein to obtain the multifunctional composite binder.

[0038] In the following optional embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the PBS buffer solution to sodium alginate is (80-100):1. Exemplarily, in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the PBS buffer solution to sodium alginate is 89:1.

[0039] In the following optional embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to 1-pyrene methylamine hydrochloride is (3-4):1. Exemplarily, in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to 1-pyrene methylamine hydrochloride is 3.5:1.

[0040] In the following optional embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to catalyst is (3-4):1. Exemplarily, in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of sodium alginate to catalyst is 3:1.

[0041] In the following optional embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of SA-Py to carboxylated carbon nanotubes is (1-2):1. Exemplarily, in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of SA-Py to carboxylated carbon nanotubes is 1:1.

[0042] In the following optional embodiments of the present invention, the pH of the PBS buffer solution is 4.5-5.5. Exemplarily, in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, the pH of the PBS buffer solution is 5.

[0043] In the following optional embodiments of the present invention, the catalyst is a mixture of 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in a mass ratio of 5:3.

[0044] In the following optional embodiments of the present invention, the amidation reaction takes 9-12 hours. Exemplarily, in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, the amidation reaction takes 9 hours.

[0045] In the following optional embodiments of the present invention, the freeze-drying time is 36-48 hours. Exemplarily, in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, the freeze-drying time is 48 hours.

[0046] A multifunctional composite adhesive, abbreviated as SA-Py-CNT, can be prepared using the above preparation method. Its structural schematic diagram is shown below. Figure 1 As shown.

[0047] This invention also provides a negative electrode, the raw materials of which include the multifunctional composite binder and the active material silicon carbon. The preparation method includes the following steps: mixing the multifunctional composite binder and the active material silicon carbon, adding deionized water, stirring to obtain a uniformly dispersed slurry; coating the slurry onto copper foil, vacuum drying at 80°C for 12 hours, and then cutting it into circular electrode sheets with a diameter of 14 mm; transferring the dried electrode sheets into an argon-filled glove box for battery assembly. In this battery, a lithium sheet is used as the counter electrode, and the electrolyte uses 1.2 mmol / L LiPF6 as the solute, with EC (ethylene carbonate) and DEC (diethyl carbonate) in a volume ratio of 1:1 as the solvent, wherein 10 wt% FEC and 1 wt% VC are used as additives, and CR2032 coin cells are used for assembly.

[0048] In the following optional embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the multifunctional composite binder to the active material silicon carbon is (2-3):(7-8). Exemplarily, in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the multifunctional composite binder to the active material silicon carbon is 2:8.

[0049] In the following optional embodiments of the present invention, the stirring time is 45-60 minutes. Exemplarily, in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, the stirring time is 60 minutes.

[0050] In the following optional embodiments of the present invention, the vacuum drying temperature is 70-80°C and the time is 12-36 hours. Exemplarily, in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention, the vacuum drying temperature is 80°C and the time is 12 hours.

[0051] The negative electrode can also be used in lithium-ion batteries, where the negative electrode material is Si / C (950K).

[0052] Unless otherwise specified, "room temperature" in this invention refers to 20-30℃.

[0053] All raw materials used in this invention were purchased from the market.

[0054] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated by the following embodiments.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] A method for preparing a multifunctional composite binder for silicon-carbon anodes in lithium-ion batteries includes the following steps: dissolving 0.225g of sodium alginate (SA) powder in 20g of PBS buffer solution at pH=5; adding 0.075g of catalyst (the catalyst is obtained by mixing 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in a mass ratio of 5:3) to activate the carboxyl groups; and then mixing sodium alginate powder with 1-pyrene methylamine hydrochloride in a mass ratio of 3.5:1. 1-Pyrene methylamine hydrochloride was added in a certain proportion, and the amidation reaction was carried out at room temperature for 9 hours. After the reaction was completed, the product was precipitated with anhydrous ethanol and filtered. The precipitate was freeze-dried at -30℃ for 48 hours to obtain SA-Py. Water was added to SA-Py to obtain a 3% (w / w) SA-Py aqueous solution. Then, carboxylated carbon nanotubes (c-CNTs) were dispersed in the SA-Py aqueous solution at a mass ratio of 1:1 to SA-Py to obtain a multifunctional composite binder (SA-Py-CNT).

[0057] Application Example 1

[0058] Assembly of a CR2032 button cell:

[0059] The active material silicon carbon was mixed with the multifunctional composite binder prepared in Example 1 at a mass ratio of 8:2. After adding deionized water, the mixture was stirred in a degassing mixer for 60 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed slurry. The slurry was coated on copper foil, vacuum dried at 80°C for 12 hours, and then cut into circular electrode sheets with a diameter of 14 mm.

[0060] The dried electrodes were transferred to an argon-filled glove box for battery assembly. Lithium foil was used as the counter electrode. The electrolyte consisted of 1.2 mmol / L LiPF6 as the solute and EC (ethylene carbonate) and DEC (diethyl carbonate) in a 1:1 volume ratio as solvents, with 10 wt% FEC (fluoroethylene carbonate) and 1 wt% VC (ethylene carbonate) as additives. CR2032 coin cells were used for assembly. The assembled coin cells were allowed to stand for 8 hours. The electrochemical performance of the standing cells was then tested using a constant current system in a Newway testing system.

[0061] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the cycle performance of a coin cell prepared using the multifunctional composite binder of Example 1. Figure 2 It can be seen that the silicon-carbon electrode composed of the multifunctional composite binder SA-Py-CNT has a performance of 500 mAg. -1 At the current density, the capacity remained at 806.0 mAh g after 50 cycles. -1 The results showed excellent cycle stability.

[0062] Comparative Example 1

[0063] A method for preparing SA-Py binder includes the following steps: dissolving 0.225g of sodium alginate powder in 20g of PBS buffer solution with pH=5, adding 0.075g of catalyst (the catalyst is obtained by mixing 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in a mass ratio of 5:3) to activate the carboxyl groups, then adding 1-pyrene methylamine hydrochloride in a mass ratio of sodium alginate powder to 1-pyrene methylamine hydrochloride of 3.5:1, and performing an amidation reaction at room temperature for 9h. After the reaction, precipitation is performed with anhydrous ethanol and filtered. The precipitate is freeze-dried at -30℃ for 48h to obtain SA-Py; adding water to SA-Py to obtain a 3% (w / w) SA-Py aqueous solution, and then dispersing Super P in the SA-Py aqueous solution in a mass ratio of SA-Py to conductive carbon black (Super P) of 1:1 to obtain the binder (SA-Py).

[0064] Comparative Application Example 1

[0065] Assembly of a CR2032 button cell:

[0066] The active material silicon carbon was mixed with the binder prepared in Comparative Example 1 at a mass ratio of 8:2. After adding deionized water, the mixture was stirred in a degassing mixer for 60 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed slurry. The slurry was coated on copper foil, vacuum dried at 80°C for 12 hours, and then cut into circular electrode sheets with a diameter of 14 mm.

[0067] The dried electrodes were transferred to an argon-filled glove box for battery assembly. Lithium foil was used as the counter electrode. The electrolyte consisted of 1.2 mmol / L LiPF6 as the solute and EC (ethylene carbonate) and DEC (diethyl carbonate) in a 1:1 volume ratio as solvents, with 10 wt% FEC (fluoroethylene carbonate) and 1 wt% VC (ethylene carbonate) as additives. CR2032 coin cells were used for assembly. The assembled coin cells were allowed to stand for 8 hours. The electrochemical performance of the standing cells was then tested using a constant current system in a Newway testing system.

[0068] Comparative Example 2

[0069] A method for preparing an SA adhesive includes the following steps:

[0070] Add 0.3g of sodium alginate powder to 9.7g of deionized water to obtain a 3% sodium alginate aqueous solution.

[0071] Super P is dispersed in an aqueous solution of sodium alginate at a mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain the binder (SA).

[0072] Comparative Application Example 2

[0073] Assembly of a CR2032 button cell:

[0074] The active material silicon carbon was mixed with the binder prepared in Comparative Example 2 at a mass ratio of 8:2. After adding deionized water, the mixture was stirred in a degassing mixer for 60 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed slurry. The slurry was coated on copper foil, vacuum dried at 80°C for 12 hours, and then cut into circular electrode sheets with a diameter of 14 mm.

[0075] The dried electrodes were transferred to an argon-filled glove box for battery assembly. Lithium foil was used as the counter electrode. The electrolyte consisted of 1.2 mmol / L LiPF6 as the solute and EC (ethylene carbonate) and DEC (diethyl carbonate) in a 1:1 volume ratio as solvents, with 10 wt% FEC (fluoroethylene carbonate) and 1 wt% VC (ethylene carbonate) as additives. CR2032 coin cells were used for assembly. The assembled coin cells were allowed to stand for 8 hours. The electrochemical performance of the standing cells was then tested using a constant current system in a Newway testing system.

[0076] The coin cells assembled using Examples 1, 1, and 2 were left to stand at 28°C for 8 hours before their electrochemical performance was tested using a constant current test system in the Newway testing system. The test conditions were: current density 500 mAg. -1 Voltage window 0.01-1.5V.

[0077] Figure 3 This is a comparison graph showing the cycle performance of coin cells prepared using the binders of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2. Figure 3 The results show that the coin cells prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 have a performance of 500 mAg. -1 At the current density, the capacity essentially decays to 743.8 mAh g after 50 cycles. -1 and 607.2mAh g -1 The capacity of the coin cell prepared in Example 1 remains at 806.0 mAh g. -1 It has higher discharge capacity and better cycle stability. From Figure 3 It is known that the multifunctional composite binder (SA-Py-CNT) can enable silicon-carbon anodes to exhibit good cycle stability.

[0078] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a multifunctional composite binder for silicon-carbon anodes in lithium-ion batteries, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Sodium alginate was dissolved in PBS buffer solution, and a catalyst and 1-pyrene methylamine hydrochloride were added. An amidation reaction was carried out at room temperature. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was precipitated, filtered, and lyophilized to obtain SA-Py. Water was added to the SA-Py to obtain an SA-Py aqueous solution. Carboxylated carbon nanotubes were then dispersed in the solution to obtain a multifunctional composite binder. The mass ratio of the PBS buffer solution to sodium alginate is (80-100):1; The mass ratio of sodium alginate to 1-pyrene methylamine hydrochloride is (3-4):1; The mass ratio of sodium alginate to catalyst is (3-4):1; The mass ratio of SA-Py to carboxylated carbon nanotubes is (1-2):1; The catalyst is a mixture of 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide in a mass ratio of 5:

3.

2. The method for preparing the multifunctional composite binder for silicon-carbon anodes of lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pH of the PBS buffer solution is 4.5-5.

5.

3. The method for preparing the multifunctional composite binder for silicon-carbon anodes of lithium-ion batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amidation reaction takes 9-12 hours; and / or, The freeze-drying time is 36-48 hours.

4. A multifunctional composite binder for silicon-carbon anodes in lithium-ion batteries, characterized in that, It is prepared using the preparation method described in any one of claims 1-3.

5. A negative electrode, characterized in that, The raw materials include the multifunctional composite binder for silicon-carbon anodes of lithium-ion batteries as described in claim 4 and the active material silicon-carbon.

6. A method for preparing a negative electrode as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: mixing a multifunctional composite adhesive and an active material, silicon carbon, adding deionized water, stirring to obtain a uniformly dispersed slurry; coating the slurry onto a copper foil and drying it under vacuum.

7. The method for preparing the negative electrode according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the multifunctional composite binder to the active material silicon-carbon is (2-3):(7-8); and / or, The stirring time is 45-60 min; and / or, The vacuum drying temperature is 70-80℃, and the time is 12-36h.

8. A lithium-ion battery, characterized in that, Includes the negative electrode as described in claim 5.

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