Land leveling machine for precise and deep application of organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of farming machinery, and discloses a land leveler for precise and deep application of organic fertilizer, comprising a fertilizer storage carriage; the analysis module is used for analyzing soil fertilizer content related data acquired by the soil conductivity sensor, interference is eliminated in combination with temperature correction, and the to-be-applied fertilizer amount of the weak current marked area is accurately calculated; compared with traditional average fertilization, waste caused by excessive fertilization due to sufficient fertility of partial areas can be avoided, meanwhile, sufficient nutrients are obtained in areas with insufficient fertility, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is remarkably increased; through land area division, conductivity data analysis and fertilization amount calculation of each square plot, and through speed adjustment of the three independent spiral conveyors, synchronous fertilization is realized, the situation of crop growth difference caused by non-uniform fertility is reduced, and the overall yield stability is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to a land leveling machine for deep application of organic fertilizer. Background Technology

[0002] In agricultural production, maintaining and improving soil fertility is a key factor in achieving sustainable use of farmland soil and high crop yields. The application of organic fertilizer has become an important means to improve soil fertility, improve soil structure, and promote crop growth. Traditional organic fertilizer is applied using shallow fertilization methods, which involve mixing organic fertilizer with the soil using rotary tillers or moldboard plows, and then spreading the decomposed organic fertilizer on the soil surface using manure spreaders. Organic fertilizer exposed on the soil surface is easily exposed to wind, rain, and sunlight, leading to nutrient loss. The dispersed organic fertilizer particles are scattered in a large soil volume, diluting the nutrient concentration and weakening its effect as a long-lasting fertilizer source. Nutrients released in the short term are more easily lost. Deep application of organic fertilizer can maintain concentrated and lasting fertilizer effect, induce root growth, and increase the contact between organic fertilizer and soil through covering and appropriate compaction, which is beneficial to microbial activity and water conduction, while reducing large pores and lowering the risk of leaching.

[0003] Existing organic fertilizer application machinery struggles to evenly and stably apply organic fertilizer into deep soil layers. Well-rotted organic fertilizer often exhibits lumps and severe adhesion, hindering its contact with the soil after burial and causing decomposition difficulties. Furthermore, the use of rotary tillers to break up or deeply till the soil after spreading organic fertilizer not only reduces its utilization rate but also increases production costs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for machinery capable of deep application of organic fertilizer and efficient land leveling, which is crucial for improving soil fertility, increasing agricultural production efficiency, reducing production costs, and promoting sustainable agricultural development. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a land leveling machine for precise deep application of organic fertilizer. The machine breaks up the clumps and lumps of organic fertilizer through a dispersing mechanism, and then applies the organic fertilizer evenly and stably into the deep soil through a conveying device and a ditching device. The organic fertilizer is buried using a hydraulic spiral burying device, and the organic fertilizer is effectively contacted with the soil through an open-notch disc harrow and a pressing roller. At the same time, the land leveling is completed before sowing.

[0005] Specifically, the present invention is achieved through the following scheme:

[0006] A land leveling machine for precise deep application of organic fertilizer includes a fertilizer storage compartment, an organic fertilizer conveying and dispersing device, a power unit, a frame, a ditching device, an organic fertilizer filling device, a notched disc harrow, and a compaction device. The fertilizer storage compartment is fixed to the upper side of the frame, and the power unit is located at the front end of the fertilizer storage compartment. The fertilizer storage compartment is placed on the upper side of the frame. Inside the fertilizer storage compartment, a scraper is installed, driven by a chain and a sprocket drive wheel. The sprocket drive wheel drives the chain to rotate the scraper. One end of the organic fertilizer conveying and dispersing device is provided with a discharge seat, and the top of the discharge seat has a wide-mouthed inlet, and the bottom of the discharge seat has multiple outlets. The organic fertilizer conveying and dispersing device consists of a dispersing mechanism installed above the inlet and three independent spirals installed below the dispersing mechanism. The system consists of a conveyor, multiple flexible fertilizer pipes installed at various discharge ports below the screw conveyor, and an arc-shaped guide pipe installed at the bottom of the flexible fertilizer pipes. The upper end of the arc-shaped guide pipe is connected to the lower end of the flexible fertilizer pipe. The dispersing mechanism is fixed on the frame and consists of a dispersing shaft and three symmetrical spirals installed on the dispersing shaft to disperse blocky and sticky organic fertilizer. The discharge port consists of a first discharge port, a second discharge port, and a third discharge port. The scraper transports the organic fertilizer in the fertilizer storage compartment to the inlet. The dispersing mechanism disperses the sticky and blocky organic fertilizer, which then falls into the screw conveyor. After being dispersed, the organic fertilizer is conveyed by the screw conveyor through the flexible fertilizer pipes and the arc-shaped guide pipes into the trenches plowed by the furrowing plow.

[0007] The control box of the leveling machine is equipped with intelligent control components, which include a data acquisition module, an analysis module, and an execution module.

[0008] The data acquisition module collects soil electrical conductivity and temperature data, as well as the conveying speed data of the screw conveyor, and transmits the collected data to the analysis module.

[0009] The analysis module receives data from the acquisition module, divides the land into regions, and obtains the electrical conductivity data for each region. It analyzes the temperature data, determines the impact of temperature changes on the electrical conductivity data, and makes corrections. Based on the corrected electrical conductivity data, it re-determines anomalies and calculates the amount of fertilizer to be applied to the land marked with weak electrical conductivity. Based on the amount of fertilizer to be applied, it analyzes the conveying speed and generates a speed adjustment signal when it determines that the conveying speed needs to be adjusted, and then transmits the speed adjustment signal to the execution module.

[0010] The execution module receives signals from the analysis module and performs corresponding operations.

[0011] Furthermore, the analysis module performs the following steps to analyze soil electrical conductivity:

[0012] S1: Using the width kd1 of the corresponding land as a reference, divide the land into n equal parts, and set up fertilizer testing components at the division points. The fertilizer testing components include a rotating wheel, a temperature sensor, and a soil conductivity sensor. The electrodes of the soil conductivity sensor and the probes of the temperature sensor are exposed on the outside of the rotating wheel. When the leveling machine moves, the rotating wheel rotates accordingly, inserting the electrodes of the soil conductivity sensor and the probes of the temperature sensor into the soil to detect conductivity and temperature. The distance between the electrodes and probes on the outside of the rotating wheel is... That is, a square is constructed with the insertion point of the electrode and the probe as the center, and the side length of the square is d1;

[0013] S2: Soil conductivity data EC measured by soil conductivity sensor is sorted according to the collection time, and the mean A1 and standard deviation B of multiple data EC measured by the same soil conductivity sensor within the same time period are calculated. The calculated mean A1 and standard deviation B are used to set the fluctuation range of detection data [A1-3B, A1+3B]. Detection data outside the fluctuation range are removed, and the mean A2 of the remaining detection data after removal is calculated. The mean A2 is used as the conductivity data of the corresponding square soil plot.

[0014] S3: Retrieve the electrical conductivity data A2 and temperature data wd of n square soil plots in the same row, and calculate the mean value A3 of the electrical conductivity data A2 and the mean value A5 of the temperature data wd. Then, calculate the difference between data A5 and the detected temperature data wd. C The difference, with the mean of the difference A4 as the fluctuation value, establishes the fluctuation range BD of the temperature data wd. wd =[A5-A4, A5+A4], for BD outside the fluctuation range wd Temperature data for the corresponding soil plots within the area were acquired, and the difference Δwd between the measured temperature data and the mean A5 was obtained. The influence of temperature on the data EC was considered, and the adjusted conductivity data was then calculated. EC C The electrical conductivity test value corresponds to the soil plot. To detect temperature data wd C The mean.

[0015] Furthermore, the analysis module performs the following steps to analyze the amount of fertilizer to be applied:

[0016] K1: Based on the adjusted conductivity data EC T The conductivity data fluctuation range (BD) was analyzed in the same manner. EC The setting, for conductivity data EC T Not within the fluctuation range BD EC The square plots of land within the area were marked, and the electrical conductivity data EC was used as the basis for the marking. TWhether it exceeds the upper or lower limit of the fluctuation range, the corresponding land parcel will be marked with either high-voltage or low-voltage markings;

[0017] K2: Test soil plots with sufficient fertilizer to obtain soil electrical conductivity data (EC). cz Then, using fertility data from well-fertilized land plots and EC data... cz Ratio and weak electrical marker soil fertility data with EC data T The ratios are equal, the fertility data of the weakly tagged land plots are calculated, and the amount of fertilizer to be applied (fl) is determined based on the difference between the fertility data of the fertility data of the fertile land plots and the fertility data of the corresponding land plots. d ;

[0018] K3: The conveying speed v of the screw conveyor s The amount of fertilizer delivered per unit time (fl1) is obtained, and the delivery speed is adjusted according to the amount of fertilizer to be applied. Obtain the corresponding land transport speed v t The specific value of v t Not in v s Within the range of (1±k1), a speed regulation signal is generated and transmitted to the execution module, where k1 is the proportional coefficient.

[0019] Furthermore, the screw conveyor consists of three independent screws: a first screw, a second screw, and a third screw. The first screw conveys organic fertilizer towards the first discharge port, the second screw conveys organic fertilizer towards the second discharge port, and the third screw conveys organic fertilizer towards the third discharge port. To ensure that the organic fertilizer dispersed by the dispersing mechanism falls directly into the conveying screw, a circular arc baffle is installed above the discharge port of each section of the screw conveyor. At the same time, to control the amount of material discharged and prevent the accumulation of falling material from affecting the discharge accuracy, each discharge port screw is wrapped with a lower circular arc plate, thereby isolating the discharge port from the organic fertilizer in the dispersing and conveying device.

[0020] Furthermore, the ditching device includes a ditching plowshare, U-bolts, a support rod, a first hydraulic cylinder, and a slide rail. The ditching plowshare is fixed to the support rod by the U-bolts, and the support rod slides up and down on the slide rail, which is welded to the frame. The first hydraulic cylinder, used to control the ditching depth, is connected to the frame and the support rod by a hinged seat and bolts. The power unit consists of a reducer input shaft, a reducer, a belt drive group, a first sprocket drive group, a second sprocket drive group, and a third sprocket drive group. The organic fertilizer deep application land leveling machine transmits power from the tractor's rear power source to the reducer input shaft via a universal joint. After passing through the reducer, the power drives the first sprocket drive group via a belt drive. The first sprocket drive group is fixed to the frame by a bearing seat and transmits power to the dispersing mechanism and the organic fertilizer screw conveyor via the first sprocket drive group. The organic fertilizer screw conveyor controls the rotation of the drive sprocket through the second sprocket drive group.

[0021] Furthermore, the organic fertilizer landfill device includes a swing frame movably hinged to the frame, a toothed screw conveyor rotatably located at the bottom of the swing frame, a rotating shaft for mounting the toothed screw conveyor, and a second hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the swing angle of the swing frame. The upper end of the second hydraulic cylinder is movably hinged to the frame, and the telescopic end of the second hydraulic cylinder is movably hinged to the lower rod of the swing frame. The toothed screw conveyor is horizontally mounted at the bottom of the swing frame via the rotating shaft and is fixed to the rear side of the trenching device by bolts. The second hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the frame and the swing frame by bolts. The second hydraulic cylinder controls the pressure of the toothed screw conveyor on the soil surface. At the same time, the organic fertilizer in the trench is covered with soil and landfilled during the advance of the implement. The toothed screw also breaks up large pieces of soil during the advance. The toothed screw conveyor is fixed to the swing frame by bearings.

[0022] Furthermore, the notched disc rake includes a notched disc rake assembly, notched discs, a notched disc rake assembly shaft, limit bolts, an angle adjuster, a crossbeam support column, a central screw rod, and adjusting bolts. The crossbeam support column is welded to the crossbeam on the lower side of the frame, and the central screw rod is fixed to the crossbeam support column on the lower side of the frame. The height of the notched disc rake assembly is controlled by adjusting bolts, and the angle adjuster fixes the angle of the notched disc rake assembly through the limit bolts at both ends. The notched disc rake assembly consists of 12 notched discs fixed to the notched disc rake assembly shaft. During the machine's movement, it performs secondary soil breaking and leveling, while simultaneously loosening the compacted soil caused by the tires.

[0023] Furthermore, the compaction device includes a mounting frame fixed to the rear end of the frame, a roller shaft rotating at the bottom of the mounting frame, and a compaction roller fixedly mounted on the roller shaft. A locking bolt is installed between the top of the mounting frame and the rear end of the frame. The compaction roller is fixed to the rear side of the frame by the mounting frame and the locking bolt. Bearings are installed at both ends of the compaction roller. The two ends of the roller shaft are limited by nuts on the mounting frame. The compaction roller levels the soil of the plot during its movement.

[0024] Beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. This invention, by carrying a fertilizer storage compartment, enables large-area fertilization and integrates functions such as dispersing, deep application, land preparation, and compaction into one process, completing multiple steps at once. This reduces the number of times machinery needs to enter the field, saving labor and fuel costs, and is suitable for large-scale intensive farmland operations. At the same time, it significantly reduces the traditional operation mode of spreading organic fertilizer and turning the land with rotary tillers or moldboard plows, effectively improving agricultural production efficiency and the full absorption and utilization of organic fertilizer by crops.

[0026] 2. This invention achieves uniform and stable application of organic fertilizer into deep soil through an organic fertilizer dispersing mechanism, a three-section independent spiral conveying device, and a hydraulically controlled trenching device. By dispersing the cohesive and lumpy organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer can be better contacted with the soil for utilization. Through the hydraulically controlled toothed spiral conveying device and the hydraulically controlled height of the toothed spiral conveying device above the ground, the organic fertilizer can be completely buried. The toothed spiral can achieve the effect of breaking up large clumps of soil.

[0027] 3. This invention analyzes soil fertility data obtained from soil conductivity sensors using an analysis module, and combines temperature correction to eliminate interference, accurately calculating the amount of fertilizer to be applied to areas marked with weak electrical conductivity. Compared to traditional average fertilization, this avoids waste caused by excessive fertilization in areas with sufficient fertility, while ensuring that areas with insufficient fertility receive sufficient nutrients, significantly improving fertilizer utilization. By dividing the land into regions, the conductivity data of each square plot is analyzed and the amount of fertilizer is calculated. Synchronous fertilization is achieved through speed adjustment of three independent spiral conveyors, reducing differences in crop growth due to uneven fertility and improving overall yield stability. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a right view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a partial view of the disintegration mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This is an isometric view of the housing of the dispersing mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a system flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Reference numerals: 1. Fertilizer storage compartment; 2. Organic fertilizer conveying and dispersing device; 3. Power unit; 4. Frame; 5. Trenching device; 6. Organic fertilizer landfill device; 7. Notched disc rake; 8. Compacting device; 201. Scraper; 202. Sprocket drive wheel; 203. Feed inlet; 2031. First discharge outlet; 2032. Second discharge outlet; 2033. Third discharge outlet; 204. Dispersing mechanism; 205. Screw conveyor; 2051. First screw; 2052. Second screw; 2053. Third screw; 206. Flexible fertilizer application pipe; 207. Arc-shaped guide pipe; 2021. Arc-shaped baffle; 2022. Lower arc plate; 501. Trenching plowshare; 502. U-shaped Bolt; 503, Support rod; 505, First hydraulic cylinder; 506, Slide rail; 301, Reducer input shaft; 302, Reducer; 303, Pulley drive assembly; 304, First sprocket drive assembly; 305, Second sprocket drive assembly; 306, Third sprocket drive assembly; 601, Swing frame; 602, Toothed screw conveyor; 603, Rotating shaft; 604, Second hydraulic cylinder; 701, Notched disc; 702, Notched disc rake assembly shaft; 703, Limit bolt; 704, Angle adjuster; 706, Crossbeam support column; 707, Intermediate lead screw; 708, Adjusting bolt; 801, Pressing roller; 802, Roller shaft; 803, Mounting bracket; 804, Locking bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The organic fertilizer deep application land leveling machine will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but the scope of protection of this invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0037] Example 1: As Figures 1 to 6As shown, this example provides a land leveling machine for precision deep application of organic fertilizer, including a fertilizer storage compartment 1, an organic fertilizer conveying and dispersing device 2, a power unit 3, a frame 4, a ditching device 5, an organic fertilizer landfilling device 6, a notched disc harrow 7, and a compaction device 8. The fertilizer storage compartment 1 is fixed to the upper side of the frame 4, and the power unit 3 is located at the front end of the fertilizer storage compartment 1. The fertilizer storage compartment 1 is placed on the upper side of the frame 4. Inside the fertilizer storage compartment 1, a scraper 201 is installed, driven by a chain and a sprocket drive wheel 202. The sprocket drive wheel 202 drives the chain to rotate the scraper 201. One end of the organic fertilizer conveying and dispersing device 2 is provided with a discharge seat. The top of the feeding seat has a wide-mouthed inlet 203, and the bottom of the feeding seat has multiple outlets. The organic fertilizer conveying and dispersing device 2 consists of a dispersing mechanism 204 installed in the upper part of the inlet 203, three independent screw conveyors 205 installed below the dispersing mechanism 204, multiple flexible fertilizer pipes 206 installed at multiple outlets below the screw conveyors 205, and an arc-shaped guide pipe 207 installed at the bottom of the flexible fertilizer pipe 206. The upper end of the arc-shaped guide pipe 207 is connected to the lower end of the flexible fertilizer pipe 206. The dispersing mechanism 204 is fixed on the frame 4, and the dispersing mechanism 204 consists of a dispersing mechanism 204. The shaft and screw are mounted on a dispersing shaft consisting of three symmetrical spirals to disperse lumpy and clump-like organic fertilizer. The discharge port consists of a first discharge port 2031, a second discharge port 2032, and a third discharge port 2033. The scraper 201 transports the organic fertilizer from the fertilizer storage compartment 1 to the inlet 203, where the dispersing mechanism 204 disperses the clump-like organic fertilizer, which then falls into the screw conveyor 205. After being dispersed, the organic fertilizer is conveyed by the screw conveyor 205 through the flexible fertilizer application pipe 206 and the arc-shaped guide pipe 207 into the trench plowed by the furrowing plow 501. The scraper 201 is connected by a chain and a sprocket. The drive wheel 202 rotates, stably and efficiently transporting organic fertilizer from the fertilizer storage compartment 1 to the feed inlet 203, preventing organic fertilizer from accumulating and clogging. The wide-mouthed feed inlet 203 facilitates the smooth entry of organic fertilizer, reducing spillage. The three symmetrical spirals of the dispersing mechanism 204 can fully disperse lumpy and sticky organic fertilizer, ensuring uniform texture and improving subsequent fertilization effects. Three independent spiral conveyors 205, together with multiple flexible fertilizer pipes 206 and arc-shaped guide pipes 207, can accurately deliver organic fertilizer to the trench, achieving simultaneous fertilization through multiple channels, improving fertilization efficiency and uniformity. The flexible structure can adapt to different terrains, reducing fertilization deviation.

[0038] In this invention, the screw conveyor 205 consists of three independent screws: a first screw 2051, a second screw 2052, and a third screw 2053. The first screw 2051 conveys organic fertilizer towards the first discharge port 2031, the second screw 2052 conveys organic fertilizer towards the second discharge port 2032, and the third discharge port 2033 conveys organic fertilizer towards the third discharge port 2033. To ensure that the organic fertilizer dispersed by the dispersing mechanism 204 falls directly into the conveying screw, a circular arc baffle 2021 is installed above the discharge port of each section of the screw conveyor 205. Simultaneously, to control the amount of material discharged and prevent accumulation that could affect the feeding accuracy, each discharge port screw is equipped with a circular arc baffle 2021. The lower arc plate 2022 separates the discharge port from the organic fertilizer in the dispersing and conveying device. The three independent spirals, the first spiral 2051, the second spiral 2052, and the third spiral 2053, respectively correspond to the first discharge port 2031, the second discharge port 2032, and the third discharge port 2033 for directional conveying, and the amount of fertilizer applied at each discharge port can be controlled synchronously. The arc baffle 2021 can accurately guide the dispersed organic fertilizer to fall into the corresponding spiral conveyor 205, reducing material loss and waste. The lower arc plate 2022 wraps around the discharge port spiral, effectively preventing material accumulation and blockage, ensuring stable feeding accuracy, and isolating organic fertilizer from different discharge ports to prevent mutual interference, further improving the accuracy of fertilization.

[0039] In this invention, the ditching device 5 includes a ditching plowshare 501, a U-bolt 502, a support rod 503, a first hydraulic cylinder 505, and a slide rail 506. The ditching plowshare 501 is fixed to the support rod 503 by the U-bolt 502. The support rod 503 is slidably mounted on the slide rail 506, which is welded to the frame 4. The first hydraulic cylinder 505, used to control the ditching depth, is connected to the frame 4 and the support rod 503 by a hinge seat and bolts. The power unit 3 consists of a reducer input shaft 301, a reducer 302, a belt drive assembly 303, a first sprocket drive assembly 304, a second sprocket drive assembly 305, and a third sprocket drive assembly 306. The organic fertilizer deep-application land leveling machine receives power from the tractor's rear drive, which is transmitted to the reducer input shaft 301 via a universal joint. After passing through the reducer 302, the power is then transmitted via belt drive to the first sprocket drive assembly 304. The first sprocket drive assembly 304 is fixed to the frame via bearing seats. 4. Power is input to the dispersing mechanism 204 and the organic fertilizer screw conveyor 205 via the first sprocket transmission group 304. The organic fertilizer screw conveyor 205 controls the rotation of the sprocket drive wheel 202 via the second sprocket transmission group 305. The ditching plow 501 is fixed by U-bolts 502, which is convenient for installation, disassembly, maintenance and replacement. The support rod 503 slides up and down along the slide rail 506 and is controlled by the first hydraulic cylinder 505, which can flexibly adjust the ditching depth to adapt to different crop planting and soil conditions. The operation is simple and efficient. Through the multi-stage transmission structure of the power unit 3, including the reducer input shaft 301, reducer 302, belt drive group 303, first sprocket transmission group 304, and second sprocket transmission group 305, the tractor power can be stably transmitted to each working part, which can ensure that the dispersing mechanism 204, screw conveyor 205 and other links have sufficient power and run smoothly, which can improve the reliability and efficiency of the whole machine.

[0040] In this invention, the organic fertilizer landfill device 6 includes a swing frame 601 movably hinged to a frame 4, a toothed screw conveyor 602 rotatably mounted at the bottom of the swing frame 601, a rotating shaft 603 for mounting the toothed screw conveyor 602, and a second hydraulic cylinder 604 for adjusting the swing angle of the swing frame 601. The upper end of the second hydraulic cylinder 604 is movably hinged to the frame 4, and the telescopic end of the second hydraulic cylinder 604 is movably hinged to the lower rod of the swing frame 601. The toothed screw conveyor 602 is horizontally rotatably mounted at the bottom of the swing frame 601 via the rotating shaft 603. The device is bolted to the rear side of the trenching device 5. The second hydraulic cylinder 604 is bolted to the frame 4 and the swing frame 601. The device controls the swing angle of the swing frame 601. The toothed screw conveyor 602 maintains pressure on the soil surface while simultaneously filling the ditch with soil to cover the organic fertilizer. The toothed screw also breaks up large clumps of soil during its forward movement. The toothed screw conveyor 602 is fixed to the swing frame 601 by bearings. The second hydraulic cylinder 604 can flexibly adjust the angle of the swing frame 601, thereby controlling the pressure between the toothed screw conveyor 602 and the soil, ensuring tight soil coverage and reducing the exposure and loss of organic fertilizer. The toothed screw conveyor 602 facilitates the breaking up of large clumps of soil during the filling process, making the soil cover more uniform and fine, effectively improving the soil structure, increasing the mixing degree of organic fertilizer with the soil, and promoting the effective absorption and full utilization of fertilizer.

[0041] In this invention, the notched disc rake machine 7 includes a notched disc rake assembly, a notched disc 701, a notched disc rake assembly shaft 702, a limiting bolt 703, an angle adjuster 704, a crossbeam support column 706, a central lead screw 707, and an adjusting bolt 708. The crossbeam support column 706 is welded to the crossbeam on the lower side of the frame 4. The central lead screw 707 is fixed to the crossbeam support column 706 on the lower side of the frame 4. The height of the notched disc rake assembly is controlled by the adjusting bolt 708. The angle adjuster 704 fixes the angle of the notched disc rake assembly through the limiting bolts 703 at both ends. The notched disc rake assembly consists of 12 fixed discs. The notched discs 701 on the shaft 702 of the notched disc harrow assembly perform secondary soil breaking and tillage during the machine's movement, while simultaneously loosening the compacted soil caused by the tires. The harrow assembly, composed of 12 notched discs 701, can fully break up and till the soil, increasing soil fineness and promoting crop root growth. The height and angle of the harrow assembly can be flexibly adjusted using adjusting bolts 708 and angle adjusters 704 to adapt to different soil compaction levels and tillage needs. It can effectively loosen the compacted soil caused by the machine's tires, improve soil aeration and water retention, and enhance soil fertility.

[0042] In this invention, the compaction device 8 includes a mounting frame 803 fixed to the rear end of the frame 4, a roller shaft 802 rotating at the bottom of the mounting frame 803, and a compaction roller 801 fixedly mounted on the roller shaft 802. A locking bolt 804 is installed between the top of the mounting frame 803 and the rear end of the frame 4. The compaction roller 801 is fixed to the rear side of the frame 4 by the mounting frame 803 and the locking bolt 804. Bearings are installed at both ends of the compaction roller 801, and the two ends of the roller shaft 802 are limited by nuts on the mounting frame 803. During its movement, the compaction roller 801 compacts the soil of the plot. The system levels the soil and increases the contact between organic fertilizer and the soil, which is more conducive to the utilization of organic fertilizer. The installed pressing roller 801 facilitates the leveling of the soil in the plot, improves the uniformity of the surface soil, and facilitates subsequent agricultural operations such as sowing. By increasing the contact area and density between organic fertilizer and soil, the system accelerates the decomposition and absorption of organic fertilizer and improves fertilizer utilization. The locking bolt 804 and bearing design ensure that the pressing roller 801 is stably installed and rotates flexibly, effectively adapting to deep tillage and leveling operations in different terrain conditions and ensuring a uniform pressing effect on the ground.

[0043] Example 2: As Figure 7 As shown, the control box of the leveling machine is equipped with intelligent control components, which include a data acquisition module, an analysis module, and an execution module.

[0044] The data acquisition module collects soil electrical conductivity and temperature data, as well as the conveying speed data of the screw conveyor 205, and transmits the collected data to the analysis module.

[0045] The sampling frequency of the data acquisition module must be strictly matched with the speed of the leveling machine. For example, when the leveling machine operates at a speed of 5 km / h, the sampling frequency should be set to 3-5 times per second to ensure that each square meter of land corresponds to at least one set of conductivity and temperature data, avoiding misalignment of plot position and data due to excessive sampling intervals. The calculation delay of the analysis module must be controlled within 0.5 seconds. This is because if the machine travels at a high speed (e.g., 8 km / h), it will have advanced about 1.1 meters in 0.5 seconds. Excessive delay will cause the speed adjustment command to correspond to the wrong plot. The three modules interact in real time through a high-speed data bus. The data acquisition module packages the raw data and transmits it to the analysis module at millisecond speeds. After the analysis module completes the calculation, it immediately generates a command. After receiving the command, the execution module completes the adjustment of the screw conveyor speed within 0.1 seconds, forming a closed-loop control of "acquisition-analysis-execution". This collaborative mechanism can ensure that the fertilization accuracy error is controlled within 5% in a 100-acre contiguous farmland, meeting the needs of intensive operations.

[0046] The analysis module receives data from the acquisition module, divides the land into regions, and obtains the electrical conductivity data for each region. It analyzes the temperature data, determines the impact of temperature changes on the electrical conductivity data, and makes corrections. Based on the corrected electrical conductivity data, it re-determines anomalies and calculates the amount of fertilizer to be applied to the land marked with weak electrical conductivity. Based on the amount of fertilizer to be applied, it analyzes the conveying speed and generates a speed adjustment signal when it determines that the conveying speed needs to be adjusted, and then transmits the speed adjustment signal to the execution module.

[0047] During the movement of the soil leveling machine, a soil conductivity sensor installed at the front of the machine is inserted into the soil to measure its electrical conductivity. Using the width kd1 of the corresponding land as a reference, the land is divided into n equal parts, and a soil conductivity measuring component is installed at each division point. This component includes a rotating wheel, a temperature sensor, and a soil conductivity sensor. The electrodes of the soil conductivity sensor and the probe of the temperature sensor are exposed on the outside of the rotating wheel. As the leveling machine moves, the rotating wheel rotates, inserting the electrodes of the soil conductivity sensor and the probe of the temperature sensor into the soil to detect conductivity and temperature. The distance between the electrodes and probes on the outside of the rotating wheel is specified. That is, a square is constructed with the insertion point of the electrode and the probe as the center, and the side length of the square is d1;

[0048] Soil conductivity data EC measured by soil conductivity sensor is sorted according to the acquisition time. The mean A1 and standard deviation B of multiple data EC measured by the same soil conductivity sensor within the same time period are calculated. The calculated mean A1 and standard deviation B are used to set the fluctuation range of detection data [A1-3B, A1+3B]. Detection data outside the fluctuation range are removed. The mean A2 of the remaining detection data after removal is calculated. The mean A2 is used as the conductivity data of the corresponding square soil plot.

[0049] The conductivity data A2 and temperature data wd of n square soil plots in the same row are retrieved, and the mean value A3 of the conductivity data A2 and the mean value A5 of the temperature data wd are calculated. Then, data A5 is compared with the measured temperature data wd. C The difference, with the mean of the difference A4 as the fluctuation value, establishes the fluctuation range BD of the temperature data wd. wd =[A5-A4, A5+A4], for BD outside the fluctuation range wd Temperature data for the corresponding soil plots within the area were acquired, and the difference Δwd between the measured temperature data and the mean A5 was obtained. The influence of temperature on the data EC was considered, and the adjusted conductivity data was then calculated. EC C The electrical conductivity test value corresponds to the soil plot. To detect temperature data wd C The mean;

[0050] Soil electrical conductivity is affected by temperature. Generally, for every 1°C increase in temperature, the EC value increases by about 1.9% to 2.2% (the specific coefficient varies depending on the soil type and solution composition). The EC value is related to the ion migration rate. Increased temperature accelerates ion movement, thereby increasing electrical conductivity. In practical applications, data are often calibrated using temperature compensation formulas (such as corrections at a standard temperature of 25°C).

[0051] Based on the adjusted conductivity data EC T The conductivity data fluctuation range (BD) was analyzed in the same manner. EC The setting, for conductivity data EC T Not within the fluctuation range BD EC The square plots of land within the area were marked, and the electrical conductivity data EC was used as the basis for the marking. T Whether it exceeds the upper or lower limit of the fluctuation range, the corresponding land parcel will be marked with either high-voltage or low-voltage markings;

[0052] The soil electrical conductivity (EC) data of fertile land plots was obtained through testing. cz Then, using fertility data from well-fertilized land plots and EC data... cz Ratio and weak electrical marker soil fertility data with EC data T The ratios are equal, the fertility data of the weakly tagged land plots are calculated, and the amount of fertilizer to be applied (fl) is determined based on the difference between the fertility data of the fertility data of the fertile land plots and the fertility data of the corresponding land plots. d ;

[0053]

[0054] The conveying speed v of the screw conveyor 205 s The amount of fertilizer delivered per unit time (fl1) is obtained, and the delivery speed is adjusted according to the amount of fertilizer to be applied. Obtain the corresponding land transport speed v t The specific value of v t Not in v s Within the range of (1±k1), a speed regulation signal is generated and transmitted to the execution module, where k1 is the proportional coefficient;

[0055] The proportional coefficient k1 typically ranges from 0.1 to 0.3, and its function is to set the buffer zone for speed adjustment; for example, if the current speed v s =50r / min, k1=0.2, then the buffer zone is 40-60r / min; when the calculated target velocity v t When the speed is 55 r / min, it is within the range and no speed adjustment is needed; if v t=65r / min, then a speed regulation signal is generated; this design can reduce frequent speed adjustments caused by minor fluctuations in soil fertility, reduce mechanical wear, and extend the life of the screw conveyor. And the electrical conductivity EC of "sufficient fertilizer" is... cz It needs to be determined through field trials. For example, in high-yield wheat fields, when the available nitrogen content reaches 120 mg / kg, the corresponding electrical conductivity is 2.5 mS / cm, then EC cz The fertility difference of other plots was calculated based on a value of 2.5 mS / cm.

[0056] After receiving the speed adjustment signal, the execution module adjusts the conveying speed of the screw conveyor 205 to v. t and the conveying speed v t Feedback is sent to the analysis module so that when the analysis module performs subsequent comparisons of conveyor speeds, it uses the conveyor speed v as the reference. t Use it as a benchmark for comparison.

[0057] Working Principle: In the use of this invention, the working process of the organic fertilizer deep application land leveling machine begins with power input. The power from the tractor is transmitted to the reducer input shaft 301 of the power unit 3 via the universal joint. After being reduced in speed by the reducer 302, the power is transmitted to the first sprocket drive group 304 via the pulley drive group 303. The first sprocket drive group 304 then inputs the power to the dispersing mechanism 204 and the screw conveyor 205 of the organic fertilizer conveying and dispersing device 2. At the same time, the second sprocket drive group 305 drives the sprocket drive wheel 202 in the fertilizer storage compartment 1, thereby driving the chain and scraper 201 to rotate. The scraper 201 conveys the organic fertilizer in the fertilizer storage compartment 1 to the wide-mouth feed inlet 203 of the organic fertilizer conveying and dispersing device 2, where it falls into the feed inlet 201. The upper dispersing mechanism 204 (composed of a dispersing shaft and three symmetrical spirals mounted on the shaft) disperses lumpy and sticky organic fertilizer. As the dispersed organic fertilizer falls, it is guided by the arc-shaped baffles 2021 installed above each discharge port of the screw conveyor 205, falling into the first spiral 2051, second spiral 2052, and third spiral 2053 respectively. Each spiral conveys the organic fertilizer towards the corresponding first discharge port 2031, second discharge port 2032, and third discharge port 2033. Each spiral at the discharge port is wrapped with a lower arc-shaped plate 2022 to prevent material accumulation from affecting the feeding accuracy. The organic fertilizer enters the flexible fertilizer application pipe 206 through the discharge port and then passes through the arc-shaped guide pipe 20. 7. The fertilizer falls into the trench plowed by the trenching device 5; the trenching plowshare 501 of the trenching device 5 is fixed to the support rod 503 by U-bolts 502, and the support rod 503 slides up and down along the slide rail 506 welded to the frame 4. The trenching depth is controlled by the first hydraulic cylinder 505 (connected to the frame 4 and the support rod 503 by a hinge seat and bolts) to realize the trench excavation; after the organic fertilizer falls into the trench, the organic fertilizer landfill device 6 located behind the trenching device 5 starts to work. Its toothed screw conveyor 602 is horizontally mounted on the bottom of the swing frame 601 through the rotating shaft 603. The swing frame 601 is movably hinged to the frame 4. The second hydraulic cylinder 604 (hinged to the frame 4 at the upper end and to the lower part of the swing frame 601 at the telescopic end) adjusts the swing frame 601. The swing angle controls the compaction force between the toothed screw conveyor 602 and the soil surface. During the machine's forward movement, the toothed screw conveyor 602 fills the ditch with organic fertilizer and simultaneously breaks up large clumps of soil. Subsequently, the notched disc harrow 7 performs secondary soil treatment. The notched disc harrow assembly, consisting of 12 notched discs 701, is fixed on the notched disc harrow assembly shaft 702. The crossbeam support column 706 is welded to the lower crossbeam of the frame 4, and the middle screw rod 707 is fixed on the crossbeam support column 706. The height of the harrow assembly is controlled by the adjusting bolt 708, and the angle adjuster 704 fixes the angle of the harrow assembly through the limit bolts 703 at both ends. When the machine moves, the notched discs 701 perform secondary soil breaking and leveling, while loosening the soil compacted by the tires.Finally, the compaction device 8 at the rear end of the frame 4 performs the finishing work. The compaction roller 801 is fixed on the roller shaft 802, which is rotatably mounted on the bottom of the mounting frame 803. The top of the mounting frame 803 is fixed to the rear end frame of the frame 4 by locking bolts 804. During its movement, the compaction roller 801 levels the soil and increases the contact between the organic fertilizer and the soil, promoting the utilization of the organic fertilizer and completing the entire deep application of organic fertilizer and land leveling operation.

[0058] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A land leveling machine for precise deep application of organic fertilizer, characterized in that: It includes a fertilizer storage car (1), an organic fertilizer conveying and dispersing device (2), a power unit (3), a frame (4), a trenching device (5), an organic fertilizer landfill device (6), a notched disc rake (7), and a compaction device (8). The fertilizer storage car (1) is fixed on the upper side of the frame (4), and the power unit (3) is located at the front end of the fertilizer storage car (1). The control box of the leveling machine is equipped with intelligent control components, which include a data acquisition module, an analysis module, and an execution module. The data acquisition module collects soil electrical conductivity and temperature data, and collects conveying speed data of the screw conveyor (205), and transmits the collected data to the analysis module. The analysis module receives the data transmitted from the acquisition module, divides the land into regions, and obtains the electrical conductivity data of each region after division. The temperature data is analyzed to determine the impact of temperature changes on conductivity data and corrections are made accordingly. Anomalies are re-determined based on the corrected conductivity data, and the amount of fertilizer to be applied to the land marked with weak electrical conductivity is calculated. The conveying speed is analyzed based on the amount of fertilizer to be applied, and when it is determined that the conveying speed needs to be adjusted, a speed adjustment signal is generated and transmitted to the execution module. The execution module receives signals from the analysis module and performs corresponding operations.

2. A land leveling machine for precision deep application of organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps for analyzing soil electrical conductivity using the analysis module are as follows: S1: Using the width kd1 of the corresponding land as a reference, divide the land into n equal parts, and set up fertilizer testing components at the division points. The fertilizer testing components include a rotating wheel, a temperature sensor, and a soil conductivity sensor. The electrodes of the soil conductivity sensor and the probes of the temperature sensor are exposed on the outside of the rotating wheel. When the leveling machine moves, the rotating wheel rotates accordingly, inserting the electrodes of the soil conductivity sensor and the probes of the temperature sensor into the soil to detect conductivity and temperature. The distance between the electrodes and probes on the outside of the rotating wheel is... That is, a square is constructed with the insertion point of the electrode and the probe as the center, and the side length of the square is d1; S2: Soil conductivity data EC measured by soil conductivity sensor is sorted according to the collection time, and the mean A1 and standard deviation B of multiple data EC measured by the same soil conductivity sensor within the same time period are calculated. The calculated mean A1 and standard deviation B are used to set the fluctuation range of detection data [A1-3B, A1+3B]. Detection data outside the fluctuation range are removed, and the mean A2 of the remaining detection data after removal is calculated. The mean A2 is used as the conductivity data of the corresponding square soil plot. S3: Retrieve the electrical conductivity data A2 and temperature data wd of n square soil plots in the same row, and calculate the mean value A3 of the electrical conductivity data A2 and the mean value A5 of the temperature data wd. Then, calculate the difference between data A5 and the detected temperature data wd. C The difference, with the mean of the difference A4 as the fluctuation value, establishes the fluctuation range BD of the temperature data wd. wd =[A5-A4, A5+A4], for BD outside the fluctuation range wd Temperature data for the corresponding soil plots within the area were acquired, and the difference Δwd between the measured temperature data and the mean A5 was obtained. The influence of temperature on the data EC was considered, and the adjusted conductivity data was then calculated. EC C The electrical conductivity test value corresponds to the soil plot. To detect temperature data wd C The mean.

3. A land leveling machine for precision deep application of organic fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that: The analysis module performs the following steps to analyze the amount of fertilizer to be applied: K1: Based on the adjusted conductivity data EC T The conductivity data fluctuation range (BD) was analyzed in the same manner. EC The setting, for conductivity data EC T Not within the fluctuation range BD EC The square plots of land within the area were marked, and the electrical conductivity data EC was used as the basis for the marking. T Whether it exceeds the upper or lower limit of the fluctuation range, the corresponding land parcel will be marked with either high-voltage or low-voltage markings; K2: Test soil plots with sufficient fertilizer to obtain soil electrical conductivity data (EC). cz Then, using fertility data from well-fertilized land plots and EC data... cz Ratio and weak electrical marker soil fertility data with EC data T The ratios are equal, the fertility data of the weakly tagged land plots are calculated, and the amount of fertilizer to be applied (fl) is determined based on the difference between the fertility data of the fertility data of the fertile land plots and the fertility data of the corresponding land plots. d ; K3: The conveying speed v of the screw conveyor (205) s The amount of fertilizer delivered per unit time (fl1) is obtained, and the delivery speed is adjusted according to the amount of fertilizer to be applied. Obtain the corresponding land transport speed v t The specific value of v t Not in v s Within the range of (1±k1), a speed regulation signal is generated and transmitted to the execution module, where k1 is the proportional coefficient.

4. A land leveling machine for precision deep application of organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer storage compartment (1) is placed on the upper side of the frame (4). Inside the fertilizer storage compartment (1) is a scraper (201) driven by a chain and a sprocket drive wheel (202). The sprocket drive wheel (202) drives the chain to rotate the scraper (201). One end of the organic fertilizer conveying and dispersing device (2) is provided with a feeding seat. The top of the feeding seat is provided with a wide-mouthed inlet (203), and the bottom of the feeding seat is provided with multiple outlets. The organic fertilizer conveying and dispersing device (2) consists of a dispersing mechanism (204) installed in the upper part of the feeding port (203) and three independent chains installed below the dispersing mechanism (204). The system consists of a screw conveyor (205), multiple flexible fertilizer pipes (206) installed at multiple discharge ports below the screw conveyor (205), and an arc-shaped guide pipe (207) installed at the bottom of the flexible fertilizer pipes (206). The discharge ports consist of a first discharge port (2031), a second discharge port (2032), and a third discharge port (2033). The upper end of the arc-shaped guide pipe (207) is connected to the lower end of the flexible fertilizer pipe (206). The dispersing mechanism (204) is fixed on the frame (4) and consists of a dispersing shaft and three spirals that are symmetrically arranged on the dispersing shaft.

5. A land leveling machine for precision deep application of organic fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The screw conveyor (205) consists of three independent screws: a first screw (2051), a second screw (2052), and a third screw (2053). The first screw (2051) conveys organic fertilizer toward the first discharge port (2031), the second screw (2052) conveys organic fertilizer toward the second discharge port (2032), and the third discharge port (2033) conveys organic fertilizer toward the third discharge port (2033). Each section of the screw conveyor (205) has a corresponding arc baffle (2021) installed above its discharge port, and the discharge port is spirally wrapped with a lower arc plate (2022).

6. A land leveling machine for precision deep application of organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trenching device (5) includes a trenching plowshare (501), a U-bolt (502), a support rod (503), a first hydraulic cylinder (505), and a slide rail (506). The trenching plowshare (501) is fixed to the support rod (503) by the U-bolt (502). The support rod (503) is slidably mounted on the slide rail (506), which is welded to the frame (4). The first hydraulic cylinder (505), which controls the trenching depth, is connected to the frame (4) and the support rod (503) by a hinge and bolts.

7. A land leveling machine for precision deep application of organic fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The power unit (3) consists of a reducer input shaft (301), a reducer (302), a pulley drive group (303), a first sprocket drive group (304), a second sprocket drive group (305), and a third sprocket drive group (306).

8. A land leveling machine for precision deep application of organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer landfill device (6) includes a swing frame (601) movably hinged to the frame (4), a toothed screw conveyor (602) rotatably disposed at the bottom of the swing frame (601), a rotating shaft (603) for mounting the toothed screw conveyor (602), and a second hydraulic cylinder (604) for adjusting the swing angle of the swing frame (601). The upper end of the second hydraulic cylinder (604) is movably hinged to the frame (4), and the telescopic end of the second hydraulic cylinder (604) is movably hinged to the lower rod of the swing frame (601). The toothed screw conveyor (602) is horizontally rotatably mounted at the bottom of the swing frame (601) via the rotating shaft (603).

9. A land leveling machine for precision deep application of organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The notched disc rake machine (7) includes a notched disc rake assembly, a notched disc (701), a notched disc rake assembly shaft (702), a limiting bolt (703), an angle adjuster (704), a crossbeam support column (706), a middle screw rod (707), and an adjusting bolt (708). The crossbeam support column (706) is welded to the crossbeam on the lower side of the frame (4), and the middle screw rod (707) is fixed to the crossbeam support column (706) on the lower side of the frame (4). The height of the notched disc rake assembly is controlled by the adjusting bolt (708). The angle adjuster (704) fixes the angle of the notched disc rake assembly by the limiting bolts (703) at both ends. The notched disc rake assembly consists of 12 notched discs (701) fixed on the notched disc rake assembly shaft (702).

10. A land leveling machine for precision deep application of organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing device (8) includes a mounting frame (803) fixed to the rear end of the frame (4), a roller shaft (802) rotating at the bottom of the mounting frame (803), and a pressing roller (801) fixedly mounted on the roller shaft (802). A locking bolt (804) is installed between the top of the mounting frame (803) and the rear end frame of the frame (4). The pressing roller (8) is fixed to the rear side of the frame (4) by the mounting frame (803) and the locking bolt (804). Bearings are installed at both ends of the pressing roller (801), and the two ends of the roller shaft (802) are limited by nuts on the mounting frame (803).

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