Fertilizing method for greenhouse tomato continuous cropping planting and application of fertilizing method

Abstract

The invention provides a fertilizing method for greenhouse tomato continuous cropping planting and application of the fertilizing method, and belongs to the technical field of tomato cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: applying a base fertilizer before field planting of the first crop of tomatoes, carrying out topdressing for 7 times in the growth period of the first crop of tomatoes, and carrying out topdressing for 7 times in the growth period of the second crop of tomatoes; the total fertilization amount of N for two continuous crops of tomatoes is 59.9 kg / mu, the total fertilization amount of P2O is 545.1 kg / mu, and the total fertilization amount of K2O is 89.9 kg / mu; when the additional fertilizer is applied, a fertilizer synergist is applied at the same time, and the fertilizer synergist is dicyandiamide, N-butyl thiophosphoric triamide and humic acid. Through a technical method of optimizing the application amount of the chemical fertilizer and combining the fertilizer synergist, the tomato quality is improved under the condition of ensuring the stable yield and yield increase of the protected tomatoes, and a remarkable contribution is made to solve the problem that the quality of flavor, taste and the like of agricultural products is reduced at the present stage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tomato cultivation technology, and in particular relates to a fertilization method for continuous cropping of greenhouse tomatoes and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the large-scale production of famous, special, and high-quality fruits and vegetables still focuses solely on yield, with extensive water and fertilizer management and low utilization rates. Problems such as soil acidification and secondary salinization are prominent, resulting in inconsistent product quality and a decline in influence. Agricultural inputs used in production have limited functionality and poor application effects, and there is a lack of precise nutrient application technologies to improve quality. These factors restrict the healthy and sustainable development of the famous, special, and high-quality fruits and vegetables industry.

[0003] Nutrient management is a key factor limiting resource efficiency and crop quality. Mismatches between fertilizer nitrogen and phosphorus ratios and amounts and crop requirements mean that fertilizers fail to meet both environmental and crop needs. Furthermore, low levels of informatization and standardization in agricultural production, coupled with a lack of precise nutrient management methods, further hinder the improvement of fruit and vegetable quality and efficiency. Fruit and vegetable quality is positively correlated with the content of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, and magnesium. These elements regulate various enzymes, promoting the improvement of nutritional quality such as sugars and amino acids in fruits and vegetables, and enhance fruit color and appearance by regulating photosynthesis. This demonstrates that optimizing nutrient ratios and using efficient application techniques can precisely control fruit and vegetable quality. The International Institute of Plant Nutrition and the International Fertilizer Industry Association have proposed the concept of optimal nutrient management, which involves selecting the best nutrient type, the most accurate fertilizer application rate, applying it at the optimal time, and using the best methods in the correct location. Based on this concept, developed fruit-growing countries in Europe and America typically develop precise fertilization plans based on leaf analysis, soil analysis, fruit analysis, and tree morphology diagnosis to achieve efficient nutrient management. Therefore, scientifically selecting appropriate fertilizers and comprehensively regulating soil fertility, as well as optimizing water and fertilizer management, are effective ways to synergistically improve the yield and quality of fruits and vegetables. This is of great significance for creating distinctive brands for famous, special, and high-quality fruits and vegetables and promoting the sustainable and high-quality development of the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a fertilization method suitable for continuous cropping of greenhouse tomatoes. Through a precise fertilization program, efficient nutrient management can be achieved, which can effectively improve the yield and quality of tomatoes, resulting in sweet and delicious tomatoes.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A fertilization method for continuous tomato cropping includes the following steps: applying basal fertilizer before transplanting the first crop of tomatoes, and applying topdressing fertilizer 7 times during the growth period of the first crop of tomatoes; applying topdressing fertilizer 7 times during the growth period of the second crop of tomatoes; the total fertilizer application for the two consecutive crops of tomatoes is 59.9 kg / mu of N, 45.1 kg / mu of P2O5, and 89.9 kg / mu of K2O; when applying topdressing fertilizer, fertilizer synergists are applied simultaneously, wherein the fertilizer synergists are dicyandiamide, N-butylthiophosphoric acid and humic acid.

[0007] Preferably, each time fertilizer is applied, the mass of dicyandiamide used is 0.5% to 6% of the mass of nitrogen.

[0008] Preferably, each time a top dressing is applied, the mass of N-butylthiophosphoric triamine applied is 0.05% to 0.6% of the mass of N.

[0009] Preferably, the amount of humic acid applied each time is 1% to 3% of the total amount of fertilizer applied.

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of dicyandiamide to N-butylthiophosphoric triamine is (5-10):1.

[0011] Preferably, base fertilizer is applied 18–22 days before the first crop of tomatoes is transplanted.

[0012] The preferred application rate of base fertilizer per mu for the first crop of tomatoes is: N 33.7 kg, P2O5 35.5 kg and K2O 33.7 kg.

[0013] Preferably, the first top dressing should be applied 20 days after the tomatoes are transplanted, and then top dressing should be applied every 10 to 15 days thereafter, with the same amount of fertilizer applied each time.

[0014] Preferably, the tomato varieties include Fenwang and Xinfen No. 1.

[0015] Another objective of this invention is to provide the application of the fertilization method for continuous tomato cropping in improving tomato quality.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] This invention provides a fertilization method for continuous tomato cropping. By combining optimized fertilizer application rates with fertilizer synergists, this method improves tomato quality while ensuring stable and increased yields in greenhouse tomatoes. It makes a significant contribution to solving the current problem of declining flavor and taste in agricultural products. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 Tomato yields obtained using different fertilization methods. Detailed Implementation

[0019] This invention provides a fertilization method for continuous tomato cropping, comprising the following steps: applying basal fertilizer before transplanting the first crop of tomatoes, and applying topdressing fertilizer 7 times during the growth period of the first crop of tomatoes; applying topdressing fertilizer 7 times during the growth period of the second crop of tomatoes; the total fertilizer application for the two consecutive crop of tomatoes is 59.9 kg / mu of N, 45.1 kg / mu of P2O5, and 89.9 kg / mu of K2O; when applying topdressing fertilizer, fertilizer synergists are applied simultaneously, wherein the fertilizer synergists are dicyandiamide, N-butylthiophosphoric acid and humic acid.

[0020] In this invention, the preferred tomato varieties include Pink King and New Pink No. 1 (also known as Momotaro Pink Tomato). Research in this invention has found that different tomato varieties have different fertilizer requirements, and the fertilization method of this invention can effectively improve the yield and quality of Pink King and New Pink No. 1. Using the method of this invention for continuous tomato planting in greenhouses can avoid the decline in yield and quality caused by continuous cropping obstacles.

[0021] In this invention, basal fertilizer is preferably applied 18-22 days before tomato transplanting, and more preferably 20 days before transplanting. The preferred application rate of the basal fertilizer per mu (667 square meters) is: N 33.7 kg, P2O5 35.5 kg, and K2O 33.7 kg. The N, P2O5, and K2O in the basal fertilizer are preferably derived from: 15-15-15 (N-P2O5-K2O slow-release compound fertilizer), urea, superphosphate, and potassium sulfate. The basal fertilizer also preferably includes borax, magnesium sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, and duck manure. In a specific embodiment, the duck manure is preferably duck manure that has been composted using the conventional methods of this invention. The application of basal fertilizer in this invention ensures a balanced supply of nutrient types and intensity.

[0022] This invention preferably involves applying 7 topdressings during the growth periods of both the first and second crop of tomatoes. The first topdressing for both crops is preferably applied 20 days after transplanting, followed by topdressing every 10-15 days, with the same amount of fertilizer used each time. Preferably, only water-soluble fertilizers containing macro-elements are applied during the topdressing. Specifically, for the first topdressing of each crop, 13-4-18 (N-P2O5-K2O content) is applied, and for the subsequent 6 topdressings, 16-6-36 (N-P2O5-K2O content) is applied. The requirement of the same amount of fertilizer used each time means that the amounts of 13-4-18 and 16-6-36 water-soluble fertilizers are the same.

[0023] In this invention, it is preferable to apply a fertilizer synergist simultaneously with each topdressing application. The fertilizer synergist is preferably dicyandiamide (DCD), N-butylthiophosphoric triamine (NBPT), and humic acid (FA). The mass ratio of dicyandiamide to N-butylthiophosphoric triamine is preferably 5–10:1, more preferably 10:1. In this invention, each time a topdressing is applied, the mass of dicyandiamide is 0.5%–6% of the mass of nitrogen (N), and in some embodiments, it can be 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, or 6%. Each time a topdressing is applied, the mass of N-butylthiophosphoric triamine is 0.05%–0.6% of the mass of nitrogen (N). The percentage may be 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.125%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, 0.55%, or 0.6% in some embodiments. For each topdressing application, the humic acid content is 1% to 3% of the topdressing weight, and may be 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, or 3% in some embodiments. This invention, through the use of nitrification inhibitor DCD, urease inhibitor NBPT, and humic acid, can improve crop stress resistance, enhance quality, and improve nutrient utilization efficiency.

[0024] This invention also provides the application of the fertilization method for continuous tomato planting in improving tomato quality.

[0025] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] A fertilization method for continuous tomato cropping, the steps are as follows:

[0028] For the first crop of tomatoes, apply basal fertilizer 20 days before transplanting and apply topdressing 7 times during the tomato growth period. For the second crop, apply topdressing only 7 times. The total fertilizer application for the two consecutive crops of tomatoes is 59.9 kg / mu of N, 45.1 kg / mu of P2O5, and 89.9 kg / mu of K2O. When applying topdressing, fertilizer synergists are also applied, namely dicyandiamide, N-butylthiophosphoric acid, and humic acid.

[0029] Apply 33.7 kg / mu of N, 35.5 kg / mu of P2O5, and 33.7 kg / mu of K2O 20 days before transplanting the first crop of tomatoes. At the same time, apply 5 kg / mu of borax, 10 kg / mu of magnesium sulfate, 5 kg / mu of ferrous sulfate, 1.5 kg / mu of manganese sulfate, and 10 kg / mu of duck manure.

[0030] The first topdressing should be applied 20 days after transplanting of the first crop of tomatoes. Apply 12 kg / mu of water-soluble fertilizer containing macronutrients (13-4-18, N-P2O5-K2O). At the same time, based on the amount of nitrogen used, the mass of DCD applied should be 2.5% of the mass of nitrogen, and the mass of NBPT applied should be 0.25% of the mass of nitrogen. The mass of humic acid applied should be 0.36 kg / mu per topdressing. Then, apply 12 kg / mu of water-soluble fertilizer containing macronutrients (16-6-36, N-P2O5-K2O) every 12 days. At the same time, based on the amount of nitrogen used, the mass of DCD applied should be 2.5% of the mass of nitrogen, and the mass of NBPT applied should be 0.25% of the mass of nitrogen. The mass of humic acid applied should be 0.36 kg / mu per topdressing.

[0031] The first topdressing should be applied 20 days after transplanting the second crop of tomatoes. Apply 12 kg / mu of water-soluble fertilizer containing macronutrients (13-4-18, N-P2O5-K2O). At the same time, based on the amount of nitrogen used, the mass of DCD should be 2.5% of the nitrogen mass, the mass of NBPT should be 0.25% of the nitrogen mass, and the mass of humic acid should be 0.36 kg / mu. Then, apply 12 kg / mu of water-soluble fertilizer containing macronutrients (16-6-36, N-P2O5-K2O) every 12 days. At the same time, based on the amount of nitrogen used, the mass of DCD should be 2.5% of the nitrogen mass, the mass of NBPT should be 0.25% of the nitrogen mass, and the mass of humic acid should be 0.36 kg / mu.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] A fertilization method for continuous tomato cropping differs from Example 1 in that: for each topdressing, the application mass of DCD is 5% of the mass of N, the application mass of NBPT is 0.5% of the mass of N, and the application mass of humic acid is 0.36 kg / mu for each topdressing.

[0034] Example 3

[0035] A fertilization method for continuous tomato cropping differs from Example 1 in that: for each topdressing, the application mass of DCD is 1.25% of the mass of N, the application mass of NBPT is 0.125% of the mass of N, and the application mass of humic acid is 0.36 kg / mu for each topdressing.

[0036] Example 4

[0037] The effects of different fertilization methods on tomatoes in greenhouses.

[0038] The first crop was of the variety Xinfen No. 1, transplanted on October 7, 2017, and harvested on March 27, 2018. The second crop was of the variety Fenwang, transplanted on April 7, 2018, and harvested on July 31, 2018. There were a total of 5 treatments, each with 3 replicates, and the plot area was 48m². 2 The planting density was 54,000 plants / hm². 2 The experimental treatment is as follows:

[0039] (1) Conventional treatment (denoted as FP): The total amount of fertilizer for both crops is 77.7 kg / mu of N, 87 kg / mu of P2O5, and 115.2 kg / mu of K2O. The first crop is basal fertilizer of 45 kg / mu of N + 75 kg / mu of P2O5 + 45 kg / mu of K2O, and topdressing of 10.9 kg / mu of N + 4 kg / mu of P2O5 + 23.4 kg / mu of K2O. The remainder is topdressing for the second crop. The topdressing for both crops of tomatoes is divided into 7 times.

[0040] (2) Optimized fertilization treatment (denoted as OPT): The application rate per mu (667 square meters) was 59.9 kg N, 45.1 kg P2O5, and 89.9 kg K2O. The first crop was basal applied with 33.7 kg N, 35.5 kg P2O5, and 33.7 kg K2O, followed by topdressing with 13.1 kg N, 4.8 kg P2O5, and 28.1 kg K2O. The remainder was used for the second crop as topdressing. Both crop tomato topdressings were applied in 7 separate applications.

[0041] (3) The fertilization method of Example 1 (denoted as DNA1) was adopted.

[0042] (4) The fertilization method of Example 2 (denoted as DNA2) was adopted.

[0043] (5) The fertilization method of Example 3 (denoted as DNA3) was adopted.

[0044] Fertilization information for different treatments is shown in Table 1.

[0045] Table 1 Comparison of fertilization treatments (kg / mu)

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] After two tomato harvests, the quality and yield of the tomatoes were statistically analyzed, and the various indicators were analyzed using the membership function method. The values ​​of nitrates, organic acids, and sugar-acid ratios were negative to calculate the comprehensive membership function values. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3. The yields of the two tomato harvests are as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0049] Table 2 Yield and quality of the first crop of tomatoes

[0050]

[0051] Table 3. Yield and quality of the second crop of tomatoes

[0052]

[0053] According to the results in Tables 1 and 2, the method provided by this invention significantly increases the tomato yield, and the comprehensive membership function value of tomato yield and quality is significantly improved. Among them, the comprehensive membership function value of DNA1 treatment is the highest. This invention effectively improves the quality of tomatoes.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fertilization method for continuous cropping of tomatoes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Apply basal fertilizer before transplanting the first crop of tomatoes, and apply topdressing 7 times during the first crop's growth period. Apply topdressing 7 times during the second crop's growth period. The total fertilizer application for the two consecutive crop of tomatoes is 59.9 kg / mu of N, 45.1 kg / mu of P2O5, and 89.9 kg / mu of K2O. When applying topdressing, apply fertilizer synergists at the same time. The fertilizer synergists are dicyandiamide, N-butylthiophosphoric acid and humic acid.

2. The fertilization method for continuous tomato cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each time topdressing is applied, the mass of dicyandiamide used is 0.5% to 6% of the mass of nitrogen.

3. The fertilization method for continuous tomato cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each time topdressing is applied, the mass of N-butylthiophosphoric triamine applied is 0.05% to 0.6% of the mass of N.

4. The fertilization method for continuous tomato cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each time topdressing is applied, the mass of humic acid used should be 1% to 3% of the total mass of the topdressing.

5. The fertilization method for continuous tomato cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of dicyandiamide to N-butylthiophosphoric triamine is (5-10):

1.

6. The fertilization method for continuous tomato cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, Apply base fertilizer 18-22 days before transplanting the first crop of tomatoes.

7. The fertilization method for continuous tomato cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of base fertilizer applied per mu for the first crop of tomatoes is: N 33.7kg, P2O5 35.5kg, K2O 33.7kg.

8. The fertilization method for continuous tomato cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, Apply the first top dressing 20 days after transplanting the tomatoes, and then apply the top dressing every 10 to 15 days thereafter, using the same amount of fertilizer each time.

9. The fertilization method for continuous tomato cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tomato varieties mentioned include Fenwang and Xinfen No.

1.

10. The application of the fertilization method for continuous cropping of tomatoes according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in improving tomato quality.

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