Rock debris cleaning treatment device and automatic rock debris collecting and cleaning system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of rock debris collecting and processing, and particularly relates to a rock debris cleaning and processing device and an automatic rock debris collecting and cleaning system.The rock debris cleaning and processing device comprises a box body, a first supporting frame and a base, the box body is fixed to the base, and the first supporting frame is fixed to the middle of the inner side of the box body; the top of the first supporting frame is provided with a rotatable station rotary table, a rock debris lifting and filtering mechanism and a spraying and spin-drying mechanism. Rock debris fished out in the drilling process is continuously conveyed to the rock debris cleaning and processing device through the rock debris collecting mechanism, and after the rock debris is subjected to primary filtering and secondary floating washing through the rock debris lifting and filtering mechanism, large-particle rock debris, impurities and mud attached to the surface of the rock debris are removed; the bucket elevator is used for continuously putting the rock debris target samples into independent rock debris tanks on the station rotary table and conveying the rock debris target samples to the spraying and spin-drying mechanism for cleaning and spin-drying treatment; the whole rock debris collecting and cleaning process is high in automation degree, high in efficiency and good in cleaning effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of rock cuttings collection and processing technology, specifically, it relates to a rock cuttings cleaning and processing device and an automatic rock cuttings collection and cleaning system. Background Technology

[0002] Well logging is a crucial step in oil and gas drilling engineering. By recording and analyzing various information and cuttings samples collected during the drilling process, it provides scientific evidence for geological research, oil and gas exploration, and drilling engineering. Therefore, timely acquisition of representative cuttings samples during drilling is essential. However, traditional manual sampling is prone to problems such as insufficient sample weight and untimely sampling, leading to inaccurate cuttings analysis results. It can usually only be performed intermittently during drilling. With the rapid development of drilling technology today, drilling speeds have increased significantly, requiring cuttings sampling and analysis every 1-2 meters of drilling. Cuttings return is rapid, and manual sampling often lacks the necessary information. The methods used are not timely, and excessively long intervals between rock cuttings sampling make it impossible to accurately reflect continuous changes in the formation. Secondly, during the rock cuttings washing process, improper manual operation can easily cause the loss of fine particles, leading to sample distortion and an inability to accurately reflect geological information. Furthermore, incomplete manual washing can leave residual mud, oil, or other impurities on the rock cuttings surface, which can obscure the color and luster of minerals, causing geologists to misjudge lithology. Especially in directional wells, horizontal wells, or complex formations, the movement and return of rock cuttings are more complex, making it difficult for manual sampling to accurately capture changes in the rock cuttings and easily leading to the omission of important geological information. Currently, there are many automatic rock cuttings washing devices on the market, but they generally have the following drawbacks: Automatic retrieval and washing can only ensure timeliness, but cannot achieve sample continuity, and the cleaning of rock cuttings is not thorough enough. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a rock cuttings collection and cleaning device with better comprehensive capabilities that can ensure both sufficient representativeness of the sample and continuity and timeliness of rock cuttings collection.

[0003] Chinese invention patent CN201710062598.0 discloses a screening device and an intelligent rock cuttings washing machine, including: a crossbeam and a support frame. A vibrating device is mounted on the crossbeam, and a water receiving trough is connected to the bottom of the crossbeam. An upper vibrating screen, a middle vibrating screen, and a bottom vibrating screen are sequentially spaced on the support frame along the direction of rock cuttings falling. The device also includes a sand-receiving funnel with a turntable at its bottom outlet. The turntable has multiple filter cylinders for receiving rock cuttings leaking from the outlet, and a pressure spray device for cleaning the rock cuttings inside the filter cylinders is located at the opening of each filter cylinder. The screening device can filter out larger rock cuttings and separate smaller, more easily studied rock cuttings. The collection and research process is simple and convenient; the pressure-jet device can wash the rock cuttings in the filter cartridge, and this device can automate the rock cuttings collection and washing process. However, the filter cartridge containing the rock cuttings samples still requires manual loading and unloading, which affects the overall processing efficiency. At the same time, the rock cuttings in the filter cartridge retain a large amount of water after being washed by the pressure-jet device, which prolongs the processing time of the subsequent rock cuttings drying process. The continuity and timeliness of the collection requirements cannot be guaranteed. The time required for rock cuttings sample collection and processing directly affects the quality of rock cuttings sample collection and the completeness and accuracy of logging data in the entire logging process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cuttings cleaning and processing device and an automatic cuttings collection and cleaning system to solve the problems of large cuttings collection volume, long sampling time, long cuttings sample processing time, poor cleaning effect, and weak comprehensive processing capacity of cuttings collection and cleaning, which affect the integrity and accuracy of logging data.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A rock cuttings cleaning and processing device includes a housing, a support frame, a base, and a rock cuttings container. The housing is fixed to the base, and the support frame is fixed in the middle of the inner side of the housing. The top of the support frame is respectively provided with a rotatable turntable, a rock cuttings lifting and filtering mechanism, and a spray drying mechanism. A receiving station is provided below the unloading end of the rock cuttings lifting and filtering mechanism. A spray drying station is provided at the spray drying mechanism. At least four sets of slots are distributed around the circumference of the turntable. The turntable rotates and drives the rock cuttings container to rotate and move along the receiving station and the spray drying station through the slots. The rock cuttings lifting and filtering mechanism includes a flotation filter hopper and a bucket elevator; the top of the flotation filter hopper is equipped with a feed inlet, and a filter screen is installed at the feed inlet; the middle of the flotation filter hopper is equipped with a flotation discharge outlet; one side of the bottom of the flotation filter hopper is equipped with a hopper outlet, and a bucket elevator is installed at the hopper outlet to scoop up the material layer by layer from the bottom; the other side of the bucket elevator is equipped with a discharge outlet, and a receiving station is located below the discharge outlet; The spraying and drying mechanism includes an upper spraying and drying component and a lower support that can clamp the rock cutting container from top to bottom; a spraying and drying station is formed between the upper spraying and drying component and the lower support; the upper spraying and drying component includes a spraying rotating head and a rotating power device that can drive the spraying rotating head to rotate; a spray nozzle is provided at the lower middle part of the spraying rotating head.

[0006] Preferably, the hopper outlet is inclined toward the bucket elevator.

[0007] Preferably, the upper spraying and drying assembly further includes an upper pressure seat, a second support frame, and a double-acting cylinder; the second support frame is fixedly connected to the first support frame, and a double-acting cylinder is fixedly installed on the second support frame. The double-acting cylinder includes a top telescopic end and a bottom telescopic end; the top telescopic end of the double-acting cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper pressure seat, and a second rotary power device is provided on the top of the upper pressure seat. A spraying rotary head is installed at the end of the upper pressure seat, and the power output end of the second rotary power device is connected to the spraying rotary head. A flange that can press and seal the mouth of the rock cutting container is fixed at the bottom of the spraying rotary head, and a rinsing channel communicating with the spray nozzle is provided inside the flange; a lower support is fixed at the bottom telescopic end of the double-acting cylinder, and a positioning platform that limits the bottom of the rock cutting container is rotatably provided at the upper end of the lower support. The positioning platform is coaxial with the flange and their positions correspond to each other.

[0008] Preferably, the flange is made of rubber and is in the shape of an inverted cone.

[0009] Preferably, the rock cuttings container is a conical filter barrel, the top of the rock cuttings container is provided with a retaining edge that matches the flange, and the bottom center of the rock cuttings container is provided with a recessed positioning groove; the positioning groove matches the positioning platform.

[0010] Preferably, the turntable includes a turntable base plate, a turntable top plate, and an arc-shaped baffle; the turntable base plate and the turntable top plate are spaced vertically apart, and the turntable base plate and the turntable top plate are respectively provided with corresponding arc-shaped openings around their circumference; a tank support is provided at the arc-shaped opening of the turntable base plate; an arc-shaped baffle is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped opening between the turntable base plate and the turntable top plate, and a groove is formed between the arc-shaped baffle and the arc-shaped opening; a connecting shaft is installed at the center of the turntable base plate through a bearing seat, and the connecting shaft is fixedly connected to the top of the power output end of the rotary power device.

[0011] Preferably, the width of the arc-shaped opening on the top plate of the turntable is smaller than the diameter of the rim, but larger than the maximum diameter of the rock cuttings container.

[0012] Preferably, the second rotary power device is a pneumatic motor.

[0013] Preferably, a rotary power device is fixedly installed on the support frame, and the top of the power output end of the rotary power device is fixedly connected to the bottom of the workstation turntable; the outer side of the slot is surrounded by an outer shell, which has a rock cuttings container inlet and a rock cuttings container outlet. An inlet guide rail is installed at the rock cuttings container inlet, and an outlet guide rail is installed at the rock cuttings container outlet; the inlet guide rail is inclined downward along the rock cuttings container conveying direction, and the lowest end of the inlet guide rail is fixedly connected to the rock cuttings container inlet of the outer shell; the outlet guide rail is inclined downward along the rock cuttings container conveying direction, and the highest end of the outlet guide rail is fixedly connected to the rock cuttings container outlet of the outer shell; the rock cuttings container inlet and rock cuttings container outlet of the outer shell are on the same side.

[0014] Preferably, a sludge and waste liquid recovery mechanism is fixedly installed on the base below the support frame. The sludge and waste liquid recovery mechanism includes a sewage collection tank, a sewage pipe, a second auger, a second motor, and a screw pump. The sewage collection tank has an open top and a conical bottom. An outlet is opened in the middle of the sewage collection tank, and a circulating water pump is connected to the outlet. A sewage pipe is fixed at the bottom of the sewage collection tank, and a second auger is installed in the sewage pipe to push the settled sludge to the sewage outlet. A second motor is installed on the base on one side of the sewage pipe to drive the second auger to rotate, and the power output end of the second motor is connected to the rotating shaft of the second auger. A screw pump is installed on the base on the other side of the sewage pipe, and the sewage outlet of the sewage pipe is connected to the inlet of the screw pump.

[0015] Preferably, a filter box is fixed on the support frame between the flotation outlet and the sewage collection tank.

[0016] Preferably, the outer shell of the enclosure is entirely covered with a stainless steel shell, and an inspection door is provided on the shell. The inspection door is a double-layered door with polyurethane filling inside. An electric heater is also provided on the base inside the enclosure. Casters are provided at the bottom of the base.

[0017] Preferably, a water tank is fixed on a base on one side of the box body, and a liquid level sensor and an electric heating rod are installed inside the water tank.

[0018] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a second technical solution as follows: An automatic rock cuttings collection and cleaning system further includes a rock cuttings collection mechanism, which comprises a sampling pipe, a conveying pipe, a circulating water pipe, a motor, an auger, and a cover plate. At least two feed inlets are horizontally spaced at the top of the sampling pipe. An auger is installed inside the sampling pipe to push the rock cuttings into the conveying pipe. The inlet end of the auger is fixedly connected to the power output end of the motor, and the outlet end of the auger is connected to the inlet of the conveying pipe. The outlet of the conveying pipe is connected to the feed inlet at the top of the flotation filter hopper. The inlet end of the circulating water pipe is connected to a wastewater collection tank via a circulating water pump, and the outlet end of the circulating water pipe is connected to the inlet end of the sampling pipe.

[0019] Preferably, multiple cover plates are hinged at the inlet at the top of the sampling pipe.

[0020] The beneficial technical effects of this invention compared to the prior art are as follows: 1. The present invention provides an automatic cuttings washing device, which integrates multiple processing steps such as primary filtration, secondary flotation washing, continuous collection of cuttings, and independent washing and drying of cuttings samples in a single tank into a miniaturized special equipment. It enables continuous, efficient, and rapid collection of target cuttings samples during logging drilling. The independent washing and drying mode in a single tank makes the washing of cuttings samples more uniform and thorough, and the water and impurity removal effects are more obvious, while reducing the amount of water used for washing. It ensures both washing efficiency and washing effect. 2. The automatic rock cuttings collection and cleaning system provided by this invention optimizes multiple stages, including rock cuttings collection, filtration, cleaning, and drying. This ensures effective cleaning of the rock cuttings, resulting in cleaned rock cuttings samples with fewer impurities, lower water content, higher integrity, and looser texture, making them highly representative and providing important guidance for subsequent geological analysis. Simultaneously, it ensures the continuity and timeliness of rock cuttings collection, leading to better overall processing results and a higher degree of automation for the rock cuttings samples. 3. Compared with traditional manual cleaning, the cleaning method of this invention significantly reduces cleaning time, reduces labor intensity by about 70%, and increases collection efficiency by 3 to 5 times. At the same time, the cleaning water consumption is reduced to about 1 / 6 of the original, greatly reducing the amount of subsequent sewage treatment. Therefore, the automatic rock cuttings collection and cleaning system of this invention meets the requirements of continuity and timeliness of rock cuttings collection in logging operations, and is more adaptable to large-scale drilling operations and high-density sampling needs. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the rock cuttings cleaning and treatment device in Example 1; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Example 1; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the spraying and drying mechanism in Example 1; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the rear view structure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spraying and drying mechanism in Example 1; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the workstation turntable structure in Example 1; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the rock cuttings container. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the silt and waste liquid recovery mechanism in Example 1; Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the sampling pipeline structure in Example 2; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic rock cuttings collection and cleaning system in Example 2; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Example 2 in its field use state; Figure 12 The image shows the effect of washing and drying rock debris samples using the present invention. Figure 13 This is an image showing the effect of manually washing and drying rock debris samples.

[0022] Reference numerals: 1. Rock cuttings collection mechanism; 101. Sampling pipe; 102. Conveying pipe; 103. Circulating water pipe; 104. Motor 1; 105. Screw 1; 106. Cover plate; 2. Sediment and waste liquid recovery mechanism; 201. Sewage collection tank; 202. Sewage discharge pipe; 203. Screw 2; 204. Motor 2; 205. Screw pump; 3. Rock cuttings lifting and filtering mechanism; 301. Floating filter hopper; 3011. Filter screen; 3012. Floating sewage discharge outlet; 302. Bucket elevator; 3021. Discharge port; 4. Turntable; 401. Turntable bottom plate; 402. Turntable top plate; 403. Arc-shaped 404. Baffle; 405. Arc-shaped opening; 406. Tank support; 407. Slot; 408. Rotary power unit one; 409. Outer shell; 410. Inlet guide rail; 5. Upper spray spin-drying assembly; 501. Upper pressure seat; 5011. Support frame two; 5012. Double-acting cylinder; 5013. Rotary power unit two; 5014. Spray rotating head; 5015. Flange; 5016. Water inlet pipe; 6. Rock cuttings tank; 601. Slip; 602. Positioning groove; 7. Water tank; 8. Box body; 9. Support frame one; 10. Base; 11. Filter box; 12. Lower support; 1201. Positioning platform. Detailed Implementation

[0023] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0024] Example 1: Please see Figure 1-5As shown, the present invention provides a rock cuttings cleaning and processing device, including a housing 8, a support frame 9, a base 10, and a rock cuttings tank 6. The housing 8 is fixed on the base 10, and the support frame 9 is fixed in the middle of the inner side of the housing 8. The top of the support frame 9 is respectively provided with a rotatable workstation turntable 4, a rock cuttings lifting and filtering mechanism 3, and a spray drying mechanism. A receiving station is provided below the unloading end of the rock cuttings lifting and filtering mechanism 3. A spray drying station is provided at the spray drying mechanism. At least four sets of slots 406 are distributed circumferentially on the workstation turntable 4. The workstation turntable 4 rotates and drives the rock cuttings tank 6 to rotate and move along the receiving station and the spray drying station through the slots 406. The rock cuttings lifting and filtering mechanism 3 includes a flotation filter hopper 301 and a bucket elevator 302; the flotation filter hopper 301 has a feed inlet at the top and a filter screen 3011 at the feed inlet; the flotation filter hopper 301 has a flotation discharge outlet 3012 in the middle; the flotation filter hopper 301 has a hopper outlet on one side of the bottom, and a bucket elevator 302 that can scoop up the material layer by layer from the bottom is installed at the hopper outlet; the bucket elevator 302 has a discharge outlet 3021 on the upper part of the other side, and a receiving station is provided below the discharge outlet 3021; The spraying and drying mechanism includes an upper spraying and drying component 5 and a lower support 12 that can clamp the rock cutting container 6 from top to bottom; a spraying and drying station is formed between the upper spraying and drying component 5 and the lower support 12; the upper spraying and drying component 5 includes a spraying rotating head 5014 and a rotating power device 5013 that can drive the spraying rotating head 5014 to rotate; a spray nozzle is provided at the lower middle part of the spraying rotating head 5014.

[0025] During operation, rock cuttings undergo primary filtration through filter screen 3011 to remove larger rock cuttings and impurities. They then enter the secondary flotation hopper 301, where the buoyancy difference caused by the varying densities of different substances in the drilling fluid removes lighter lubricants (typically graphite powder) and plugging agents (typically walnut shells). In the flotation hopper 301, the denser, heavier rock cuttings settle layer by layer during the logging process, sliding down the inclined bottom to the hopper outlet. The bucket elevator 302 then scoops them out layer by layer from bottom to top, lifting them to the discharge port 3021 where they fall into the rock cuttings tank 6 at the receiving station. The rock cuttings tank 6 rotates with the station turntable 4. When the rock cuttings tank 6 moves to the spray drying station, the upper spray drying assembly 5 and the lower support 12 clamp the rock cuttings tank 6, while the spray rotating head 501... The upper ports of the four rock cuttings tanks 6 are pressed and sealed. With the activation of the rotating power device 5013, the spray rotating head 5014 applies rotational force to the rock cuttings tank 6 for the first "spin-drying" to remove moisture from the rock cuttings and mud and impurities adhering to the surface of the rock cuttings. Then, "high-pressure washing" is carried out through the spray nozzles of the spray rotating head 5014 to flush out the impurities filling the gaps in the rock cuttings, destroy the covering layer formed on the surface of the rock cuttings, and make the particle boundaries and stratification structure of the rock cuttings clear. Then, a second "spin-drying" is carried out to remove the impurities and excess water washed out by the high-pressure water. Through the two "spin-drying" stages of the spray spin-drying mechanism, the impurities inside and outside the rock cuttings can be thoroughly removed. The cleaned rock cuttings have low moisture content, are generally sandy, are cleaner, and have a brighter color. After drying, the surface is loose and clear, does not clump, and the rock cuttings are highly identifiable.

[0026] It should be noted that the cuttings cleaning and processing device is a miniaturized specialized piece of equipment that integrates multiple processing steps, including primary filtration, secondary flotation, continuous collection of cuttings, and independent cleaning and drying of cuttings samples in a single tank. This allows for continuous, efficient, and rapid collection of target cuttings samples during logging drilling. The independent cleaning and drying mode in a single tank ensures more uniform and thorough rinsing of the cuttings samples, resulting in more significant water and impurity removal while reducing water consumption. This approach guarantees both cleaning efficiency and cleaning effectiveness. This invention ensures that the rock fragment samples are sandy in texture, cleaner, and brighter in color. After drying, the surface is loose and clear, without clumping. The rock fragments are highly identifiable, while forming a continuous, accurate, and complete series of rock fragment samples. This reduces errors between data and greatly improves the consistency rate of geological profiles. It also achieves a comprehensive operational effect of multi-stage filtration, independent spraying, and high-frequency continuous operation of rock fragments. The system reduces the labor intensity of workers by about 70% and increases the collection efficiency by 3 to 5 times. At the same time, the water consumption for cleaning is reduced to about 1 / 6 of the original amount, which greatly reduces the amount of wastewater to be treated. Therefore, the automatic rock cuttings collection and cleaning system of this invention meets the requirements of continuity and timeliness of rock cuttings collection in logging operations and is more adaptable to large-scale drilling operations and high-density sampling needs.

[0027] The outlet of the hopper is inclined toward the bucket elevator 302, which makes it easier for rock chips to fall into the hopper of the bucket elevator 302 and be lifted upward.

[0028] Please see the appendix Figure 5 As shown, the upper spraying and spin-drying assembly 5 also includes an upper pressure seat 501, a second support frame 5011, and a double-acting cylinder 5012; the second support frame 5011 is fixedly connected to the first support frame 9, and the double-acting cylinder 5012 is fixedly installed on the second support frame 5011. The double-acting cylinder 5012 includes a top telescopic end and a bottom telescopic end; the top telescopic end of the double-acting cylinder 5012 is fixedly connected to the upper pressure seat 501, and a second rotary power device 5013, which is a pneumatic motor, is provided on the top of the upper pressure seat 501; a spraying rotary head 5 is installed at the end of the upper pressure seat 501. 014, the power output end of the rotary power device 5013 is connected to the spray rotary head 5014. The bottom of the spray rotary head 5014 is fixed with a flange 5015 that can press and seal the mouth of the rock cutting can 6. The flange 5015 is made of rubber and is in the shape of an inverted cone. A flushing channel connected to the spray nozzle is provided inside the flange 5015. The bottom telescopic end of the double-acting cylinder 5012 is fixed with a lower support 12. The upper end of the lower support 12 is rotatably provided with a positioning platform 1201 that limits the bottom of the rock cutting can 6. The positioning platform 1201 is coaxial with the flange 5015 and their positions are corresponding.

[0029] In use, when the rock chips container 6, filled with rock chips, rotates with the turntable 4 to a position below the spray drying mechanism, the double-acting cylinder 5012 drives the upper pressure seat 501 and the lower support seat 12 to move towards each other. The flange 5015 and the positioning table 1201 quickly position the rock chips container 6 and clamp and fix it from both the top and bottom. At the same time, the rubber flange 5015 can press and seal the rock chips container 6 from the top. The rotary power device 5013 (pneumatic motor) drives the spray rotating head 5014 to rotate, thereby driving the rock chips container 6 to achieve high-speed rotation. Under the action of centrifugal force, the impurities attached to the surface of the rock chips and filling the gaps in them are washed out, and the water in the rock chips is also dried. The impurities inside and outside the rock chips can be thoroughly cleaned. By using the independent cleaning mode of a single container, the amount of rock chips sample cleaning is reduced, the rock chips after cleaning have less impurities and water content, and the rock chips analysis results are more accurate.

[0030] Please see the appendix Figure 6As shown, the workstation turntable 4 includes a turntable base plate 401, a turntable top plate 402, and an arc-shaped baffle 403; the turntable base plate 401 and the turntable top plate 402 are spaced vertically apart, and the turntable base plate 401 and the turntable top plate 402 are respectively provided with corresponding arc-shaped openings 404 around their circumference; a tank support 405 is provided at the arc-shaped opening 404 of the turntable base plate 401; the arc-shaped baffle 403 is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped opening 404 between the turntable base plate 401 and the turntable top plate 402, and a groove 406 is formed between the arc-shaped baffle 403 and the arc-shaped opening 404; a connecting shaft is installed at the center of the turntable base plate 401 through a bearing seat, and the connecting shaft is fixedly connected to the top of the power output end of the rotary power device 407.

[0031] It should be noted that when the rock cuttings can 6 is spun dry and high-pressure washed at the slot 406, the water spun out of the rock cuttings can 6 will be blocked by the arc-shaped baffle 403, so that the water spun out and washed in will be discharged downward along the arc-shaped baffle 403, reducing the impact of wetting and corrosion on the rotating power device 407 and the mechanical connection between the turntable base plate 401 and the rotating power device 407.

[0032] Please see the appendix Figure 7 As shown, the rock cuttings container 6 is a conical filter bucket. The top of the rock cuttings container 6 is provided with a retaining edge 601 that matches the flange 5015. The opening width of the arc-shaped opening 404 of the turntable top plate 402 is smaller than the diameter of the retaining edge 601, but larger than the maximum diameter of the rock cuttings container 6; ensuring that the rock cuttings container 6 can be inserted into the retaining groove 406 via the retaining edge 601. A recessed positioning groove 602 is provided at the center of the bottom of the rock cuttings container 6; the positioning groove 602 matches the positioning platform 1201.

[0033] It should be noted that the rock cuttings tank 6 uses a conical filter screen to make it more stable and centered when rotating at high speed, ensuring the stability of the rock cuttings tank 6 during the spin-drying process; at the same time, a gap with a narrow top and a wide bottom will be formed between the rock cuttings tank 6 and the outer shell 408, which facilitates the discharge of mud, impurities and water spun out of the rock cuttings tank 6.

[0034] Please see the appendix Figures 3 to 4 As shown, a rotary power device 407 is fixedly installed on the support frame 9. The top of the power output end of the rotary power device 407 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the workstation turntable 4. The outer side of the slot 406 is surrounded by an outer shell 408. The outer shell 408 is provided with a rock cuttings container inlet and a rock cuttings container outlet. An inlet guide rail 409 is installed at the rock cuttings container inlet, and an outlet guide rail 410 is installed at the rock cuttings container outlet. The inlet guide rail 409 is inclined downward along the conveying direction of the rock cuttings container 6, and the lowest end of the inlet guide rail 409 is fixedly connected to the rock cuttings container inlet of the outer shell 408. The outlet guide rail 410 is inclined downward along the conveying direction of the rock cuttings container 6, and the highest end of the outlet guide rail 410 is fixedly connected to the rock cuttings container outlet of the outer shell 408. The rock cuttings container inlet and the rock cuttings container outlet of the outer shell 408 are on the same side.

[0035] It should be noted that the inclined inlet guide rail 409 and outlet guide rail 410 enable the rock cuttings container 6 to automatically load and unload itself by gravity, saving labor costs while improving the overall speed of rock cuttings collection and processing; the rock cuttings container inlet and outlet of the outer shell 408 are on the same side, ensuring that the staff can simultaneously handle the loading and unloading of the container from one position.

[0036] Among them, the flange 5015 is made of rubber and is in the shape of an inverted cone, but it is not limited to rubber. Other flexible materials with sealing properties can also be used. The extensibility of the flexible material ensures that the top of the rock cutting container 6 can be compacted and sealed and rotated. It should be noted that under high-speed rotation and high-pressure water flushing, the inverted cone-shaped flange 5015 can effectively ensure the compaction and sealing effect, and improve the reliability and stability of the rock cutting container 6 during spin drying and rinsing.

[0037] See appendix Figure 1 , Attachment Figure 2 , Attachment Figure 8 As shown, a sludge and waste liquid recovery mechanism 2 is fixedly installed on the base 10 below the support frame 9. The sludge and waste liquid recovery mechanism 2 includes a sewage collection tank 201, a sewage pipe 202, an auger 203, a motor 204, and a screw pump 205. The sewage collection tank 201 has an open top and a conical bottom. An outlet is opened in the middle of the sewage collection tank 201, and a circulating water pump is connected to the outlet. The sewage pipe 202 is fixed at the bottom of the sewage collection tank 201. An auger 203 is installed in the sewage pipe 202 to push the settled sludge to the sewage outlet. A motor 204 is installed on the base 10 on one side of the sewage pipe 202 to drive the auger 203 to rotate. The power output end of the motor 204 is connected to the shaft of the auger 203. A screw pump 205 is installed on the base 10 on the other side of the sewage pipe 202. The sewage outlet of the sewage pipe 202 is connected to the inlet of the screw pump 205. A filter box 11 is fixed on the support frame 9 between the flotation outlet 3012 and the sewage collection tank 201.

[0038] In use, the sludge and wastewater generated by the rock cuttings lifting and filtering mechanism 3 and the spray drying mechanism enter the open wastewater collection tank 201. Impurities and slurry are deposited at the bottom of the tank and in the sewage pipe 202. The impurities and slurry are sent to the inlet of the screw pump 205 by the screw auger 203 and then pumped out by the screw pump 205. The filter box 5 can filter out light lubricants and sealing agents (usually graphite powder and walnut shells) floating on the liquid surface, preventing them from being carried back to the filtration system of the flotation filter hopper 301 during the circulation process. It should be noted that the sewage pipe 202, screw auger 203 and screw pump 205 can purify the water quality while ensuring the water balance in the wastewater collection tank 201. The water in the wastewater collection tank 201 can also be circulated into the filtration system of the flotation filter hopper 301 by the circulating water pump to wash the filter screen 3011, reduce slurry adhesion and blockage, reduce the viscosity of the slurry, improve the flotation effect, and ensure the overall filtration efficiency and the collection effect of the target rock cuttings sample.

[0039] For easy movement, the base 10 is equipped with casters at the bottom; an electric heater is also installed on the base 10 inside the housing 8; it should be noted that when the outside temperature is low, the electric heater can be used to maintain the temperature inside the cleaning filter treatment box to prevent the water from freezing and affecting normal operation.

[0040] Among them, the box body 8 is a stainless steel shell box body 8, and the stainless steel shell has a certain heat preservation effect.

[0041] The housing 8 is equipped with four sets of maintenance doors. The four sets of maintenance doors are: maintenance door one, located on the upper part of the support frame 9 and in front of the flotation filter hopper 301; maintenance door two, located on the upper part of the support frame 9 and on the right side of the flotation filter hopper 301, which can be opened and closed by tilting; and maintenance doors three and four, located on the lower part of the support frame 9 and in front of the sewage collection tank 201. The multiple maintenance doors facilitate the maintenance and repair of the equipment by the staff. All maintenance doors adopt a double-layer door body with polyurethane filling inside to prevent the internal temperature from being too low.

[0042] Furthermore, a water tank 7 is fixed on the base 10 on one side of the tank body 8. A liquid level sensor and an electric heating rod are installed inside the water tank 7. The liquid level sensor makes it easy to monitor the water volume in the water tank 7 in real time. A heating rod can also be installed inside the water tank 7. When the outside temperature is too low, the electric heating rod will be activated to prevent the water tank 7 from freezing.

[0043] Furthermore, the bottom of the sewage collection tank 201 is conical, which facilitates the rapid accumulation and sedimentation of solid particles such as mud and impurities at the bottom; at the same time, in order to prevent impurities such as mud and sand from adhering to the inner wall of the sewage collection tank 201, a high-frequency vibrator can be installed on the inner wall of the sewage collection tank 201.

[0044] Example 2: Please see the appendix Figure 9 , Attachment Figure 10 As shown, the present invention provides an automatic rock cuttings collection and cleaning system, which also includes a rock cuttings collection mechanism 1. The rock cuttings collection mechanism 1 includes a sampling pipe 101, a conveying pipe 102, a circulating water pipe 103, a motor 104, an auger 105, and a cover plate 106. At least two feed inlets are horizontally spaced at the top of the sampling pipe 101. An auger 105 is installed inside the sampling pipe 101 to push the rock cuttings into the conveying pipe. The inlet end of the auger 105 is fixedly connected to the power output end of the motor 104, and the outlet end of the auger 105 is connected to the inlet of the conveying pipe 102. The outlet of the conveying pipe 102 is connected to the feed inlet at the top of the flotation filter hopper 301.

[0045] During use, after rock cuttings enter the sampling pipe 101, the auger 105, driven by the motor 104, applies mechanical thrust to the rock cuttings entering the sampling pipe 101. Due to the high viscosity of the rock cuttings, the auger 105 experiences high resistance during pushing, affecting the rock cuttings conveying speed. Water from the sewage collection tank 201 is continuously injected into the sampling pipe 101 through the circulating water pipe 103. Under the flushing and carrying effect of the water flow, the viscosity of the rock cuttings decreases, the conveying speed increases, and the rock cuttings can be quickly conveyed through the conveying pipe 102 to the feed inlet at the top of the flotation filter hopper 301 to enter the rock cuttings cleaning and treatment device for subsequent cleaning treatment, meeting the requirements of continuity and timeliness of rock cuttings sample collection.

[0046] The automatic cuttings collection and cleaning system continuously transports the cuttings retrieved during drilling to the cuttings cleaning and processing unit using a cuttings collection mechanism. After primary filtration and secondary flotation by the cuttings lifting and filtering mechanism, larger cuttings, impurities, and surface-adhering mud are removed, resulting in a filtered and flotated cuttings target sample. This sample is then continuously fed into a separate cuttings tank on a turntable using a bucket elevator and transported to a spray drying mechanism. The spray drying mechanism performs a first "spinning" process to remove moisture and surface-adhering mud from the cuttings. The process involves removing mud and impurities; then, "high-pressure washing" flushes out the impurities filling the gaps in the rock fragments, breaking down the covering layer formed on the surface of the rock fragments, making the particle boundaries and bedding structure of the rock fragments clear; finally, a second "spray drying" process by a spray drying mechanism removes impurities and excess water washed out by high-pressure water, thoroughly cleaning the impurities inside and outside the rock fragments; through the above steps, the cleaned rock fragments have a low moisture content, an overall sandy texture, are cleaner, have a brighter color, and after drying, the surface is loose and clear, without clumping, making the rock fragments highly identifiable. The sludge and wastewater generated in the cuttings cleaning and treatment device can also be treated in a timely manner through the mud and waste liquid recovery mechanism 2, and the wastewater can be preliminarily filtered and recycled again. The entire cuttings collection and cleaning process is highly automated, with a short cycle time from collection to cleaning and treatment, and high efficiency, meeting the requirements of logging work for the continuity and timeliness of cuttings collection. At the same time, the cleaned cuttings samples have fewer impurities, lower water content, and higher integrity. The loose texture is highly representative, and an accurate data analysis spectrum can be obtained through subsequent cuttings analysis, reducing the error between data and greatly improving the consistency rate of geological profiles, which has important guiding significance for subsequent geological analysis work.

[0047] See appendix Figure 9 As shown, multiple cover plates 106 are hinged at the inlet at the top of the sampling pipe 101.

[0048] It should be noted that each cover plate 106 can be opened or closed. The number of open cover plates 106 controls the size of the opening for cuttings inflow, thereby controlling the amount of cuttings flowing into the sampler per unit time, since the weight of the sampled cuttings is generally required to be around 500g. At the same time, the position of the collected cuttings can be adjusted by opening cover plates 106 at different positions. Since cuttings are required to be sampled and analyzed every 1 to 2 meters during drilling, the sampling time interval is short. By changing the position of the cover plates 106, it is ensured that the collected cuttings are more representative of the situation at different locations in the formation, further improving the representativeness of the cuttings collection and the consistency rate of the cuttings profile, and improving the accuracy of the logging data.

[0049] The following table compares the cleaning time and water consumption of manual and this equipment cleaning methods for cuttings from different geological layers under the same logging scenario:

[0050] As can be seen from the table above, for different sand samples, the cleaning time using the cleaning method of the present invention is significantly reduced compared to traditional manual cleaning, reducing the labor intensity of workers by about 70% and increasing the collection efficiency by 3 to 5 times; at the same time, the cleaning water consumption is reduced to about 1 / 6 of the original, greatly reducing the subsequent wastewater treatment volume. Therefore, the automatic rock cuttings collection and cleaning system of the present invention meets the requirements of continuity and timeliness of rock cuttings collection in logging operations, and is more adaptable to large-scale drilling operations and high-density sampling needs.

[0051] See appendix Figure 12 , Attachment Figure 13 As shown, rock chips that have undergone machine washing and spin-drying to remove moisture have a loose and clear surface after drying and do not clump together; while rock chips that are manually washed without spin-drying have clumps on the surface after drying, affecting their visibility. Rock chips that have been machine washed have low moisture content, are generally sandy, are cleaner, have a brighter color, and require less subsequent baking time; while rock chips that have been manually washed have high moisture content, are dirty in color, have more impurities, and require more subsequent baking time, affecting overall efficiency.

[0052] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-13 The implementation principle of this invention is described as follows: In operation, after the rock cuttings enter the sampling pipe 101, the auger 105, driven by the motor 104, applies mechanical thrust to the rock cuttings entering the sampling pipe 101. Water from the sewage collection tank 201 is continuously injected into the sampling pipe 101 via the circulating water pipe 103. Under the flushing and carrying action of the water flow, the viscosity of the rock cuttings decreases, allowing them to quickly pass through the conveying pipe 102 and be transported to the feed inlet at the top of the flotation filter hopper 301, entering the rock cuttings cleaning and treatment device. When the rock cuttings pass through the filter screen 3011 at the feed inlet of the flotation filter hopper 301, larger particles and impurities are filtered out, and then the cuttings enter the flotation filter hopper 301 for flotation. During the flotation process, the buoyancy difference generated by the different densities of the drilling fluid substances is utilized. Lighter lubricants (usually graphite powder) and sealants (usually walnut shells) in the rock cuttings are intercepted by the filter box 11 through the flotation outlet 3012 along with the mud water. The rock cuttings after flotation gradually settle to the bottom of the flotation filter hopper 301, and are then scooped out layer by layer from bottom to top by the bucket elevator 302 and lifted to the discharge port 3021, falling into the rock cuttings tank 6 at the receiving station. As the station turntable 4 rotates, when the rock cuttings tank 6 moves to the spray drying station, the rotary power unit 407 (servo motor) drives the station turntable 4 to rotate intermittently clockwise. Each time the station turntable 4 rotates clockwise, the empty rock cuttings tank 6 slides from the inlet guide rail 409 into the slot 406 on the station turntable 4 under the action of gravity. Inside, one loading action is completed. Each time, the operator can place multiple empty rock cuttings cans 6. Each clockwise rotation of the workstation turntable 4 allows one empty rock cuttings can 6 from the inlet guide rail 409 to enter, completing the automatic loading action. The rock cuttings can 6 rotates with the workstation turntable 4 to the receiving station, where the washed and dried rock cuttings fall into the can. When the rock cuttings can 6 containing rock cuttings rotates with the workstation turntable 4 to below the spray drying mechanism, the double-acting cylinder 5012 drives the upper pressure seat 501 and the lower support seat 12 to move towards each other. The flange 5015 and the positioning table 1201 quickly position the rock cuttings can 6 and clamp and fix it from both above and below. Simultaneously, the flange 5015 can press and seal the top of the rock cuttings can 6. At this time, the rotational power device 2 5013 (pneumatic motor)... The transmission device drives the spray rotating head 5014 to rotate, which in turn drives the rock cuttings tank 6 to rotate at high speed. Under the action of centrifugal force, the mud, impurities and water in the rock cuttings attached to their surface are thrown out through the filter screen on the rock cuttings tank 6 and discharged from the bottom of the tank support 405. Then, high-pressure clean water is injected into the rock cuttings tank 6 through the water inlet pipe 5016 for secondary rinsing, washing out the impurities filling the gaps in the rock cuttings. Then, the rotation power device 5013 drives the rock cuttings tank 6 to rotate and spin dry, removing the impurities and excess water washed out by the high-pressure clean water, thoroughly cleaning the impurities inside and outside the rock cuttings. As the workstation turntable 4 rotates, the cleaned rock cuttings tank 6 slides out from the slot 406 at the outlet guide rail 410, completing the unloading process.Wastewater and sludge generated in the cuttings cleaning and treatment device enter the wastewater collection tank 201. The mud and impurities gradually settle at the conical bottom of the wastewater collection tank 201. Motor 204 drives auger 203 to rotate, which in turn sends the impurities and mud to the inlet of screw pump 205, where it is pumped out. Water in the wastewater collection tank 201 can also be circulated into the filtration system of the flotation filter hopper 301 via a circulating water pump, washing the filter screen 3011, reducing mud adhesion and clogging, lowering mud viscosity, and improving the flotation effect. This invention integrates multiple processing steps—primary filtration, secondary flotation, and single-tank cleaning and drying of cuttings—into a miniaturized, specialized device. It enables continuous, efficient, and rapid automated collection and cleaning of cuttings samples during logging drilling, significantly reducing sample processing time and improving cleaning efficiency. This meets the requirements for large-volume sample collection and processing in geological logging work and provides important guidance for geological analysis.

[0053] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rock cuttings cleaning and processing device, comprising a housing (8), a support frame (9), a base (10), and a rock cuttings container (6); wherein the housing (8) is fixed on the base (10), and the support frame (9) is fixed in the middle of the inner side of the housing (8), characterized in that, The top of the support frame (9) is respectively equipped with a rotatable workstation turntable (4), a rock cuttings lifting and filtering mechanism (3) and a spray drying mechanism; a receiving station is provided below the unloading end of the rock cuttings lifting and filtering mechanism (3); a spray drying station is provided at the spray drying mechanism; at least four sets of slots (406) are distributed around the circumference of the workstation turntable (4); the workstation turntable (4) rotates and drives the rock cuttings tank (6) to rotate and move along the receiving station and the spray drying station through the slots (406); The rock cuttings lifting and filtering mechanism (3) includes a flotation filter hopper (301) and a bucket elevator (302); the top of the flotation filter hopper (301) is provided with a feed inlet, and a filter screen (3011) is provided at the feed inlet; the middle of the flotation filter hopper (301) is provided with a flotation discharge outlet (3012); the bottom of the flotation filter hopper (301) is provided with a hopper outlet on one side, and a bucket elevator (302) that can lift the material from the bottom layer by layer is installed at the hopper outlet; the other side of the bucket elevator (302) is provided with a discharge outlet (3021), and a receiving station is provided below the discharge outlet (3021); The spraying and drying mechanism includes an upper spraying and drying assembly (5) and a lower support (12) that can clamp the rock cutting container (6) from top to bottom; a spraying and drying station is formed between the upper spraying and drying assembly (5) and the lower support (12); the upper spraying and drying assembly (5) includes a spraying rotating head (5014) and a second rotating power device (5013) that can drive the spraying rotating head (5014) to rotate; a spraying port is provided at the lower middle part of the spraying rotating head (5014).

2. The rock cuttings cleaning and processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hopper outlet is inclined toward the bucket elevator (302).

3. The rock cuttings cleaning and processing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The upper spray spin-drying assembly (5) also includes an upper pressure seat (501), a second support frame (5011), and a double-acting cylinder (5012); the second support frame (5011) is fixedly connected to the first support frame (9), and the double-acting cylinder (5012) is fixedly installed on the second support frame (5011). The double-acting cylinder (5012) includes a top telescopic end and a bottom telescopic end; the top telescopic end of the double-acting cylinder (5012) is fixedly connected to the upper pressure seat (501), and the top of the upper pressure seat (501) is provided with a second rotary power device (5013), and the end of the upper pressure seat (501) is equipped with a spray rotating head (5014). The power output end of the rotating power device 2 (5013) is connected to the spray rotating head (5014) for transmission. The bottom of the spray rotating head (5014) is fixed with a flange (5015) that can press and seal the mouth of the rock cutting can (6). The flange (5015) is provided with a flushing channel that communicates with the spray nozzle. The bottom telescopic end of the double-acting cylinder (5012) is fixed with a lower support (12). The upper end of the lower support (12) is rotatably provided with a positioning platform (1201) that limits the bottom of the rock cutting can (6). The positioning platform (1201) is coaxial with the flange (5015) and the positions are corresponding.

4. The rock cuttings cleaning and processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The flange (5015) is made of rubber and is in the shape of an inverted cone.

5. The rock cuttings cleaning and processing device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rock cuttings container (6) is a conical filter screen bucket. The top of the rock cuttings container (6) is provided with a retaining edge (601) that matches the flange (5015), and the bottom center of the rock cuttings container (6) is provided with a recessed positioning groove (602); the positioning groove (602) matches the positioning platform (1201).

6. The rock cuttings cleaning and processing device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The workstation turntable (4) includes a turntable base plate (401), a turntable top plate (402), and an arc-shaped baffle (403); the turntable base plate (401) and the turntable top plate (402) are spaced vertically apart, and the turntable base plate (401) and the turntable top plate (402) are respectively provided with corresponding arc-shaped openings (404) around their circumference; a tank support (405) is provided at the arc-shaped opening (404) of the turntable base plate (401); an arc-shaped baffle (403) is fixedly connected at the arc-shaped opening (404) between the turntable base plate (401) and the turntable top plate (402), and a groove (406) is formed between the arc-shaped baffle (403) and the arc-shaped opening (404); a connecting shaft is installed at the center of the turntable base plate (401) through a bearing seat, and the connecting shaft is fixedly connected to the top of the power output end of the rotary power device (407).

7. The rock cuttings cleaning and processing device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The opening width of the arc-shaped opening (404) of the turntable top plate (402) is smaller than the diameter width of the rim (601) and larger than the maximum diameter width of the rock cutting container (6).

8. The rock cuttings cleaning and processing device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second rotary power device (5013) is a pneumatic motor.

9. The rock cuttings cleaning and processing device according to claim 8, characterized in that, A rotary power device (407) is fixedly installed on the support frame (9). The top of the power output end of the rotary power device (407) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the workstation turntable (4). The outer side of the slot (406) is enclosed by an outer shell (408). The outer shell (408) is provided with a rock cuttings container inlet and a rock cuttings container outlet. An inlet guide rail (409) is installed at the rock cuttings container inlet, and an outlet guide rail (410) is installed at the rock cuttings container outlet. The inlet guide rail (409) is inclined downward along the conveying direction of the rock cuttings container (6), and the lowest end of the inlet guide rail (409) is fixedly connected to the rock cuttings container inlet of the outer shell (408). The outlet guide rail (410) is inclined downward along the conveying direction of the rock cuttings container (6), and the highest end of the outlet guide rail (410) is fixedly connected to the rock cuttings container outlet of the outer shell (408). The rock cuttings container inlet and the rock cuttings container outlet of the outer shell (408) are on the same side.

10. The rock cuttings cleaning and processing apparatus according to claim 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, or 9, characterized in that, A silt and waste liquid recycling mechanism (2) is fixedly installed on the base (10) below the support frame (9). The silt and waste liquid recycling mechanism (2) includes a sewage collection tank (201), a sewage pipe (202), an auger (203), a motor (204), and a screw pump (205). The sewage collection tank (201) has an open top and a conical bottom. An outlet is opened in the middle of the sewage collection tank (201), and a circulating water pump is connected to the outlet. A sewage pipe (205) is fixed at the bottom of the sewage collection tank (201). 02), the sewage pipe (202) is equipped with an auger (203) that pushes the settled sludge to the sewage outlet; a motor (204) that drives the auger (203) to rotate is installed on the base (10) on one side of the sewage pipe (202), and the power output end of the motor (204) is connected to the shaft of the auger (203); a screw pump (205) is installed on the base (10) on the other side of the sewage pipe (202), and the sewage outlet of the sewage pipe (202) is connected to the inlet of the screw pump (205).

11. The rock cuttings cleaning and processing apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that, A filter box (11) is fixed on the support frame (9) between the flotation outlet (3012) and the sewage collection tank (201).

12. The rock cuttings cleaning and processing apparatus according to claim 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 11, characterized in that, The outer shell of the box (8) is covered with a stainless steel shell, and an inspection door is provided on the shell. The inspection door is a double-layer door with polyurethane filling inside. An electric heater is also provided on the base (10) inside the box (8). A caster wheel is provided at the bottom of the base (10).

13. The rock cuttings cleaning and processing apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that, A water tank (7) is fixed on a base (10) on one side of the box (8). A liquid level sensor and an electric heating rod are installed inside the water tank (7).

14. An automatic rock cuttings collection and cleaning system employing the rock cuttings cleaning and processing unit according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, It also includes a rock cuttings collection mechanism (1), which includes a sampling pipe (101), a conveying pipe (102), a circulating water pipe (103), a motor (104), an auger (105), and a cover plate (106). The top of the sampling pipe (101) has at least two feed inlets distributed horizontally at intervals. The sampling pipe (101) is equipped with an auger (105) that pushes the rock cuttings into the conveying pipe. The inlet end of the auger (105) is fixedly connected to the power output end of the motor (104). The outlet end of the auger (105) is connected to the inlet of the conveying pipe (102). The outlet of the conveying pipe (102) is connected to the feed inlet at the top of the flotation filter hopper (301). The inlet end of the circulating water pipe (103) is connected to the sewage collection tank (201) through a circulating water pump. The outlet of the circulating water pipe (103) is connected to the inlet end of the sampling pipe (101).

15. The automatic rock cuttings collection and cleaning system according to claim 14, characterized in that, A cover plate (106) is hinged at the inlet at the top of the sampling pipe (101).

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