Cable winch with high adaptability

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of cable winches, and discloses a cable winch with high adaptability, which comprises a support frame, a speed reducer motor fixedly installed on the support frame, and a transmission shaft rotatably installed on the support frame; the output end of the speed reducer motor is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft; an adjustable capstan is installed on the support frame; an adjustable wire arranging mechanism is installed on the support frame; the adjustable wire arranging mechanism comprises an adjusting driving assembly, a wire arranging driving assembly and a guide wire arranging assembly, the adjusting driving assembly is installed on the support frame, and the moving end of the adjusting driving assembly is provided with the wire arranging driving assembly; the moving end of the wire arranging driving assembly is provided with the guide wire arranging assembly; the guide wire arranging assembly is provided with a cleaning structure; and the guide wire arranging assembly is provided with a heating mechanism. In the above manner, the cable on the lower side of the guide wire arranging assembly is in the same straight line with the cable between the guide wire arranging assembly and the retractable support assembly; and the outer layer of the cable is cleaned through the cleaning structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cable winch technology, and more specifically to a highly adaptable cable winch. Background Technology

[0002] A cable winch is a device for winding and unwinding cables. It is used to achieve orderly winding and unwinding of cables, thereby facilitating the adjustment of cable length according to the usage of the equipment. During use, in order to ensure that the cables are neatly arranged on the winch, a cable laying structure is usually used to distribute the cables evenly on the drum.

[0003] CN118083705A discloses an automatic cable laying shore power cable winch. The winch adjusts the orientation of the direction plate by a direction motor so that the winding and unwinding direction is aligned with the distribution box. In use, the winding drum is driven to rotate by a winding motor to unwind the cable, and the wire feeding wheel and the cable laying wheel assist in feeding the cable. The horizontal motor drives the horizontal seat to slide to achieve orderly cable laying.

[0004] However, different cables have different bending radii, and during winding and unwinding, there are cases where the cable bending radius is too small. If the cable winch is high, the cable hangs downwards under gravity. In this case, if the cable guide wheel is on the upper side of the winch, the bending radius of the cable at the cable guide wheel is almost the same as that of the cable guide wheel or guide wheel. If the cable winch is low, and the cable guide wheel is on the upper side of the winch, the bending radius of the cable at the cable guide wheel is almost the same as that of the cable guide wheel or guide wheel, which can easily lead to cable damage.

[0005] Meanwhile, cables have different bending radii at different temperatures. If the ambient temperature is low, it will affect the performance of the materials, and some materials may become brittle. If they are wound up at this time, they are prone to damage and cracks.

[0006] Based on this, the present invention designs a highly adaptable cable winch to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a cable winch with high adaptability.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A highly adaptable cable winch includes a support frame;

[0010] A geared motor is fixedly mounted on the support frame, and a drive shaft is rotatably mounted on the support frame; the output end of the geared motor is fixedly connected to the drive shaft; an adjustable winch is mounted on the support frame; and an adjustable cable laying mechanism is mounted on the support frame.

[0011] The adjustable cable laying mechanism includes an adjustment drive assembly, a cable laying drive assembly, and a guide cable laying assembly. The adjustment drive assembly is mounted on a support frame, and the cable laying drive assembly is mounted on the moving end of the adjustment drive assembly. The guide cable laying assembly is mounted on the moving end of the cable laying drive assembly. The cable laying drive assembly is connected to a drive shaft.

[0012] The cable guide assembly is equipped with a cleaning structure for cleaning the cable surface; the cable guide assembly is equipped with a heating mechanism for heating the cable; and the cable guide assembly is equipped with a tension sensor for detecting cable tension.

[0013] Furthermore, the adjustable winch includes discs, a synchronous drive assembly, and a retractable support assembly. Two discs are symmetrically fixed on the drive shaft; a retractable support assembly for supporting the cable is installed between the two discs; and a synchronous drive assembly for adjusting the retractable support assembly is installed on the inner side of one disc.

[0014] Furthermore, the synchronous drive assembly includes an adjusting motor, a drive gear, and a gear disc. The adjusting motor is fixedly installed inside the disc, and the drive gear is fixedly installed at the output end of the adjusting motor. The gear disc is rotatably installed inside the disc, and the center of the gear disc coincides with the center of the transmission shaft. The drive gear meshes with the gear disc. Multiple arc-shaped grooves are evenly spaced in a circumferential array on the gear disc.

[0015] Furthermore, the retractable support assembly includes an arc-shaped inner support plate, guide rods, limiting frames, and drive columns. The limiting frames are uniformly fixedly installed in a circumferential array on the inner sides of the two discs. Limiting grooves are formed on the limiting frames. The arc-shaped inner support plate is located between the two discs, and guide rods are fixedly installed at both ends of the arc-shaped inner support plate. The guide rods at both ends of the arc-shaped inner support plate are respectively limited and slidably connected to the limiting frames on the two discs. The drive columns are fixedly installed at the inner ends of the guide rods. The drive columns are limited and slidably connected within the arc-shaped grooves.

[0016] Furthermore, the adjustment drive assembly includes a rotating frame, an arc-shaped rack, an adjustment motor II, and a drive gear II. The rotating frame is rotatably mounted on a support frame; the adjustment motor II is fixedly mounted on the rotating frame, and the drive gear II is fixedly mounted on the output end of the adjustment motor II; the arc-shaped rack is fixedly mounted on the support frame, and the arc-shaped rack and the drive gear II are meshed together.

[0017] Furthermore, the cable drive assembly includes a first transmission assembly, a second transmission assembly, a limiting slide rod, and a reciprocating threaded rod. The power input end of the first transmission assembly is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft, and the power output end of the first transmission assembly is fixedly connected to the power input end of the second transmission assembly. The power output end of the second transmission assembly is rotatably mounted on a rotating frame. One end of the reciprocating threaded rod is fixedly connected to the power output end of the second transmission assembly, and the other end of the reciprocating threaded rod is rotatably mounted on the rotating frame. The limiting slide rod is fixedly mounted on the rotating frame.

[0018] Furthermore, the guide cable assembly includes a movable platform, a mounting frame, guide wheels, and traction wheels. The movable platform is slidably connected to a limiting slide rod via a slider, and a reciprocating threaded rod is connected to the movable platform. A mounting frame is fixedly mounted on the movable platform, and guide wheels are rotatably mounted on the outer side of the mounting frame. A traction wheel is rotatably mounted on the inner side of the mounting frame. A servo motor is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame. The output end of the servo motor is fixedly connected to the traction wheel.

[0019] Furthermore, the cleaning structure includes a follower frame, a guide roller, an elastic cloth belt, and an elastic cleaning ring. The follower frame is fixedly installed on the outside of the mounting frame, and the guide roller is symmetrically rotated and installed on the outside of the follower frame. An elastic cloth belt is fixedly installed on the follower frame inside the guide roller. An elastic cleaning ring is fixedly installed in the middle of the elastic cloth belt.

[0020] Furthermore, the heating mechanism includes a storage box, an air inlet pipe, and a flow guide. The storage box is fixedly installed on the movable platform, and an air inlet is provided in the middle of the storage box. The flow guide is stored inside the storage box. Multiple air inlet pipes are fixedly installed on the storage box. The air inlet pipes are connected to the air pump through flexible hoses.

[0021] Furthermore, the air deflector includes an inner film and strip-shaped airbags, with multiple strip-shaped airbags fixedly installed on the outside of the inner film; the strip-shaped airbags are connected to the air intake pipe; the inner film is stored in a storage box, with one end of the inner film fixedly connected to the storage box; the interior of the inner film forms a heating channel, through which a cable passes.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are as follows: 1. Before cable winding, the minimum bending radius of the cable is calculated based on the cable size and the current ambient temperature; based on the relative position of the cable and the retractable support assembly, the position of the guide cable assembly is adjusted by activating the adjustment drive assembly. When the cable is at a lower position, the guide cable assembly is positioned below the retractable support assembly; when the cable is at a higher position, the guide cable assembly is positioned above the retractable support assembly. This ensures that the cable below the guide cable assembly is almost in a straight line with the cable between the guide cable assembly and the retractable support assembly, avoiding situations where the bending radius of the cable is less than the minimum bending radius, thus preventing cable damage during use under different working conditions.

[0023] 2. During this process, the outer layer of the cable is cleaned by the cleaning structure to prevent dust and debris adhering to the cable surface from being rolled up by the retractable support component along with the cable, which would cause the debris to squeeze the cable and damage the cable surface. At the same time, when used in low-temperature areas, in order to prevent the cable surface from becoming brittle, the heating mechanism is activated to form a heating space surrounding the cable. Then, hot air is injected into the heating mechanism to heat the cable and further protect it. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a highly adaptable cable winch according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a front view of a highly adaptable cable winch according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a left view of a highly adaptable cable winch according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 For along Figure 2 A three-dimensional view after part of the structure has been removed along the AA direction.

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point C in the middle.

[0030] Figure 6 For along Figure 2 A three-dimensional view after removing part of the structure in the middle BB direction.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the mobile platform and its connecting structure.

[0032] Figure 8 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point D in the middle.

[0033] Figure 9 For along Figure 3 A three-dimensional view of the structure after partial removal along the EE direction.

[0034] The labels in the diagram represent: 1. Support frame; 21. Gear motor; 22. Drive shaft; 3. Adjustable winch; 31. Disc; 32. Synchronous drive assembly; 321. Adjustable motor one; 322. Drive gear one; 323. Gear disc; 324. Arc groove; 33. Retractable support assembly; 331. Arc inner support plate; 332. Guide rod; 333. Limiting frame; 334. Drive column; 4. Adjustable cable laying mechanism; 41. Adjustable drive assembly; 411. Rotating frame; 412. Arc rack; 413. Adjustable motor two; 414. Drive gear two. 42. Cable routing drive assembly; 421. Transmission assembly one; 422. Transmission assembly two; 423. Limiting slide bar; 424. Reciprocating threaded rod; 43. Guide cable routing assembly; 431. Moving platform; 432. Mounting frame; 433. Guide wheel; 434. Traction wheel; 435. Servo motor; 5. Cleaning structure; 51. Follow-up frame; 52. Guide roller; 53. Elastic cloth belt; 54. Elastic cleaning ring; 6. Heating mechanism; 61. Storage box; 62. Air inlet pipe; 63. Air inlet; 64. Flow deflector; 641. Inner membrane; 642. Strip-shaped airbag. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The terms "left," "right," "front," "rear," "up," and "down" mentioned in the following description are oriented according to the perspective of a front view.

[0036] Example 1: Please refer to the accompanying drawings in the instruction manual. Figures 1-4 A highly adaptable cable winch includes a support frame 1;

[0037] A geared motor 21 is fixedly mounted on the support frame 1, and a transmission shaft 22 is rotatably mounted on the support frame 1; the output end of the geared motor 21 is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft 22; an adjustable winch 3 is mounted on the support frame 1; and an adjustable cable laying mechanism 4 is mounted on the support frame 1.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the adjustable cable laying mechanism 4 includes an adjustment drive assembly 41, a cable laying drive assembly 42, and a guide cable laying assembly 43. The adjustment drive assembly 41 is mounted on the support frame 1, and the cable laying drive assembly 42 is mounted on the moving end of the adjustment drive assembly 41. The guide cable laying assembly 43 is mounted on the moving end of the cable laying drive assembly 42. The cable laying drive assembly 42 is connected to the transmission shaft 22.

[0039] The cable guide assembly 43 is equipped with a cleaning structure 5 for cleaning the cable surface; the cable guide assembly 43 is equipped with a heating mechanism 6 for heating the cable; and the cable guide assembly 43 is equipped with a tension sensor for detecting cable tension.

[0040] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the adjustable winch 3 includes a disc 31, a synchronous drive assembly 32, and a retractable support assembly 33. The two discs 31 are symmetrically fixed on the drive shaft 22. A retractable support assembly 33 for supporting the cable is installed between the two discs 31. A synchronous drive assembly 32 for adjusting the retractable support assembly 33 is installed on the inner side of one disc 31.

[0041] In this embodiment, when the highly adaptable cable winch is working normally, the cable passes through the heating mechanism 6, the cleaning structure 5, and the guide cable assembly 43. Before cable winding, the minimum bending radius of the cable is calculated based on the cable size and the current ambient temperature. Based on the relative position of the cable and the retractable support assembly 33, the adjustment drive assembly 41 is activated to adjust the position of the guide cable assembly 43. When the cable is at a lower position, the guide cable assembly 43 is positioned below the retractable support assembly 33; when the cable is at a higher position, the guide cable assembly 43 is positioned above the retractable support assembly 33. This ensures that the cable below the guide cable assembly 43 is almost in a straight line with the cable between the guide cable assembly 43 and the retractable support assembly 33, preventing the bending radius of the cable from being less than the minimum bending radius, thus avoiding cable damage during use under different operating conditions.

[0042] The retractable support assembly 33 is adjusted by the synchronous drive assembly 32 to expand or contract, thus matching the bending radius of the retractable support assembly 33 with that of the cable. Then, the geared motor 21 drives the transmission shaft 22 to rotate, which in turn drives the disc 31 to rotate, thereby causing the synchronous drive assembly 32 and the retractable support assembly 33 to rotate. Simultaneously, the rotation of the transmission shaft 22 drives the cable routing drive assembly 42 to operate, which in turn moves the guide cable routing assembly 43, thereby moving the cable passing through the guide cable routing assembly 43 and ensuring the cable is evenly arranged on the retractable support assembly 33. During this process, the cable tension is detected by a tension sensor.

[0043] During this process, the outer layer of the cable is cleaned by the cleaning structure 5 to prevent dust and debris adhering to the cable surface from being rolled up by the retractable support component 33 along with the cable, which would cause the debris to squeeze the cable and damage the cable surface. At the same time, when used in low-temperature areas, in order to prevent the cable surface from becoming brittle, the heating mechanism 6 is activated to form a heating space surrounding the cable. Then, by injecting hot air into the heating mechanism 6, the cable is heated, thereby achieving further protection for the cable.

[0044] Example 2: As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 5 and Figure 9 As shown, the synchronous drive assembly 32 includes an adjusting motor 321, a drive gear 322, and a gear disk 323. The adjusting motor 321 is fixedly installed inside the disk 31, and the drive gear 322 is fixedly installed at the output end of the adjusting motor 321. The gear disk 323 is rotatably installed inside the disk 31, and the center of the gear disk 323 coincides with the center of the transmission shaft 22. The drive gear 322 meshes with the gear disk 323. Multiple arc-shaped grooves 324 are evenly spaced in a circular array on the gear disk 323.

[0045] The retractable support assembly 33 includes an arc-shaped inner support plate 331, guide rods 332, limiting frames 333, and drive columns 334. The limiting frames 333 are uniformly fixedly installed in a circumferential array on the inner sides of the two discs 31. Limiting grooves are formed on the limiting frames 333. The arc-shaped inner support plate 331 is located between the two discs 31, and guide rods 332 are fixedly installed at both ends of the arc-shaped inner support plate 331. The guide rods 332 at both ends of the arc-shaped inner support plate 331 are respectively limited and slidably connected to the limiting frames 333 on the two discs 31. The drive column 334 is fixedly installed at the inner end of the guide rod 332. The drive column 334 is limited and slidably connected in the arc-shaped groove 324.

[0046] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the adjustment drive assembly 41 includes a rotating frame 411, an arc-shaped rack 412, an adjustment motor 413, and a drive gear 414. The rotating frame 411 is rotatably mounted on the support frame 1. The adjustment motor 413 is fixedly mounted on the rotating frame 411, and the drive gear 414 is fixedly mounted on the output end of the adjustment motor 413. The arc-shaped rack 412 is fixedly mounted on the support frame 1, and the arc-shaped rack 412 and the drive gear 414 are meshed together.

[0047] The cable drive assembly 42 includes a first transmission assembly 421, a second transmission assembly 422, a limiting slide rod 423, and a reciprocating threaded rod 424. The power input end of the first transmission assembly 421 is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft 22, and the power output end of the first transmission assembly 421 is fixedly connected to the power input end of the second transmission assembly 422. The power output end of the second transmission assembly 422 is rotatably mounted on the rotating frame 411. One end of the reciprocating threaded rod 424 is fixedly connected to the power output end of the second transmission assembly 422, and the other end of the reciprocating threaded rod 424 is rotatably mounted on the rotating frame 411. The limiting slide rod 423 is fixedly mounted on the rotating frame 411.

[0048] Both transmission component one 421 and transmission component two 422 are configured as synchronous belt and synchronous pulley transmission structures, and the power input end and power output end of transmission component one 421 and transmission component two 422 are synchronous pulleys.

[0049] The diameter of the power input end of transmission component 2 422 is different from the diameter of the power output end of transmission component 2 422; the rotation center of the power input end of transmission component 2 422 coincides with the rotation center of the rotating frame 411.

[0050] The guide cable assembly 43 includes a movable platform 431, a mounting frame 432, guide wheels 433, and a traction wheel 434. The movable platform 431 is slidably connected to a limiting slide rod 423 via a slider, and a reciprocating threaded rod 424 is connected to the movable platform 431. The mounting frame 432 is fixedly mounted on the movable platform 431, and the guide wheels 433 are rotatably mounted on the outer side of the mounting frame 432. The traction wheel 434 is rotatably mounted on the inner side of the mounting frame 432. A servo motor 435 is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame 432. The output end of the servo motor 435 is fixedly connected to the traction wheel 434.

[0051] A tension sensor for detecting cable tension is fixedly installed on the movable platform 431;

[0052] The reciprocating threaded rod 424 has two threaded grooves with opposite rotation directions. The two opposite threaded grooves are connected by a transition curve to form a closed helical track. A connecting sleeve is fixedly installed at the bottom of the movable platform 431, and a connecting key is fixedly installed inside the connecting sleeve. The connecting key slides within the threaded track on the reciprocating threaded rod 424.

[0053] In this embodiment, when the adjustable winch 3 and the adjustable cable laying mechanism 4 are working normally, the adjusting motor 321 drives the drive gear 322 to rotate, and the drive gear 322 drives the gear disc 323 to rotate; thereby driving the multiple drive columns 334 in the arc-shaped groove 324 to move synchronously; the drive columns 334 move along the direction of the limiting groove in the limiting frame 333 under the limiting action of the guide rod 332 and the limiting frame 333, thereby driving the arc-shaped inner support plate 331 to move through the guide rod 332; from This allows the arc-shaped inner support plate 331 to expand or contract synchronously, facilitating adjustment based on the minimum bending radius of the cable. The adjustment motor 413 drives the drive gear 414 to rotate, and the drive gear 414, in conjunction with the arc-shaped rack 412, drives the rotating frame 411 to rotate, thereby changing the relative positions of the limiting slide rod 423, the reciprocating threaded rod 424, the moving platform 431, the mounting frame 432, the guide wheel 433, the traction wheel 434, and the arc-shaped inner support plate 331 on the rotating frame 411.

[0054] The drive shaft 22 drives the reciprocating threaded rod 424 to rotate via the first transmission assembly 421 and the second transmission assembly 422. The reciprocating threaded rod 424 drives the moving platform 431 to move horizontally under the limiting action of the limiting slide rod 423, thereby driving the mounting frame 432, guide wheel 433 and traction wheel 434 to move horizontally; allowing the cable to pass between the guide wheel 433 and the mounting frame 432, and driving the cable to move horizontally through the guide wheel 433 and the mounting frame 432; the speed of the servo motor 435 is adjusted according to the value of the tension sensor, thereby adjusting the traction. The tension of the cable between the pulley 434 and the arc-shaped inner support plate 331; when the cable is wound up, the disc 31 rotates one revolution, and at the same time the moving platform 431 moves a distance equal to the diameter of the cable; so that the cable is evenly arranged on the arc-shaped inner support plate 331; and by making the rotation center of the power input end of the transmission component 2 422 coincide with the rotation center of the rotating frame 411, when the rotating frame 411 rotates, the transmission shaft 22 can drive the reciprocating threaded rod 424 to rotate through the transmission component 1 421 and the transmission component 2 422.

[0055] Example 3: As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 7 As shown, the cleaning structure 5 includes a follower frame 51, a guide roller 52, an elastic cloth belt 53, and an elastic cleaning ring 54. The follower frame 51 is fixedly installed on the outside of the mounting frame 432, and the guide roller 52 is symmetrically rotated and installed on the outside of the follower frame 51. An elastic cloth belt 53 is fixedly installed on the follower frame 51 on the inside of the guide roller 52. An elastic cleaning ring 54 is fixedly installed in the middle of the elastic cloth belt 53.

[0056] like Figure 6 and Figure 8As shown, the heating mechanism 6 includes a storage box 61, an air inlet pipe 62, and a flow guide 64. The storage box 61 is fixedly installed on the movable platform 431. An air inlet 63 is opened in the middle of the storage box 61, and the flow guide 64 is stored inside the storage box 61. Multiple air inlet pipes 62 are fixedly installed on the storage box 61. The air inlet pipes 62 are connected to the air pump through flexible hoses.

[0057] The air guide shroud 64 includes an inner film 641 and strip-shaped airbags 642. Multiple strip-shaped airbags 642 are fixedly installed on the outside of the inner film 641. The strip-shaped airbags 642 are connected to the air inlet pipe 62. The inner film 641 is stored in a storage box 61, and one end of the inner film 641 is fixedly connected to the storage box 61. The interior of the inner film 641 forms a heating channel, and the cable passes through the heating channel.

[0058] In this embodiment, when the cleaning structure 5 and the heating mechanism 6 are working normally, the cable passes through the air inlet 63 in the middle of the inner film 641 and the storage box 61, and then passes sequentially between the two guide rollers 52, through the center of the elastic cleaning ring 54, and then through the guide wheel 433 and the traction wheel 434. When the cable is wound up, the cable passes through the elastic cleaning ring 54 on the elastic tape 53. The elastic cleaning ring 54 cleans the dust and debris on the surface of the cable, preventing dust and debris adhering to the surface of the cable from being wound up with the cable, thus preventing damage. Debris crushing the cable causes damage to the cable surface. After the cable is exposed to a cold environment for a long time, the air pump circulates air into the strip-shaped air bag 642 through the air inlet pipe 62. When the air passes through the strip-shaped air bag 642, the inner membrane 641 expands rapidly, forming a heating channel surrounding the cable. Then, the heated air is blown into the inner membrane 641 through the air inlet 63 by the external fan and heater. This allows the hot air to circulate within the inner membrane 641, achieving heating of a longer section of the cable and making full use of the hot air.

[0059] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly adaptable cable winch, comprising a support frame (1), characterized in that: A geared motor (21) is fixedly installed on the support frame (1), and a drive shaft (22) is rotatably installed on the support frame (1); the output end of the geared motor (21) is fixedly connected to the drive shaft (22); an adjustable winch (3) is installed on the support frame (1); and an adjustable cable laying mechanism (4) is installed on the support frame (1). The adjustable cable laying mechanism (4) includes an adjustment drive assembly (41), a cable laying drive assembly (42), and a guide cable laying assembly (43). The adjustment drive assembly (41) is mounted on the support frame (1), and the cable laying drive assembly (42) is mounted on the moving end of the adjustment drive assembly (41). The guide cable laying assembly (43) is mounted on the moving end of the cable laying drive assembly (42). The cable laying drive assembly (42) is connected to the drive shaft (22). The cable guide assembly (43) is equipped with a cleaning structure (5) for cleaning the cable surface; the cable guide assembly (43) is equipped with a heating mechanism (6) for heating the cable; the cable guide assembly (43) is equipped with a tension sensor for detecting cable tension. The adjustable winch (3) includes a disc (31), a synchronous drive assembly (32), and a retractable support assembly (33). Two discs (31) are symmetrically fixed on the drive shaft (22). A retractable support assembly (33) for supporting the cable is installed between the two discs (31). A synchronous drive assembly (32) for adjusting the retractable support assembly (33) is installed on the inner side of one disc (31). The synchronous drive assembly (32) includes an adjusting motor (321), a drive gear (322), and a gear disc (323). A drive gear (322) is fixedly installed on the output end of the adjusting motor (321) inside the disc (31); a gear disc (323) is rotatably installed inside the disc (31), and the center of the gear disc (323) coincides with that of the transmission shaft (22); the drive gear (322) meshes with the gear disc (323); multiple arc-shaped grooves (324) are evenly spaced in a circular array on the gear disc (323); the retractable support assembly (33) includes an arc-shaped inner support plate (331), a guide rod (332), a limit frame (333), and a drive column (334). Two discs (31) are fixedly mounted with limit frames (333) at equal intervals in a circular array on their inner sides; limit frames (333) are provided with limit grooves; an arc-shaped inner support plate (331) is located between the two discs (31), and guide rods (332) are fixedly mounted at both ends of the arc-shaped inner support plate (331); the guide rods (332) at both ends of the arc-shaped inner support plate (331) are respectively limited and slidably connected to the limit frames (333) on the two discs (31); a drive column (334) is fixedly mounted on the inner end of the guide rod (332); the drive column (334) is located on the arc-shaped inner support plate (331) between the two discs (31) and the limit frame (333) is provided with limit grooves; an arc-shaped inner support plate (331) is located ... a arc-shaped inner support plate (332) is fixedly mounted on the inner end of the guide rod (332); a drive column (334) is fixedly mounted on the inner end of the guide rod (332); a drive column (334) is fixedly mounted on the inner end of the guide rod (332) between the two discs (31) and the limit frame (333) is provided with limit grooves; a arc-shaped inner support plate (332) is fixedly mounted on the inner end of the guide rod (332); a arc-shaped inner support plate (332) is fixedly mounted on the inner end of the guide rod (333) and the drive column (334) is fixedly mounted on the inner end of the guide rod (333) and the drive column (334) is fixedly mounted on the inner end of the guide rod The groove (324) is limited to a sliding connection; the adjustment drive assembly (41) includes a rotating frame (411), an arc rack (412), an adjustment motor (413) and a drive gear (414). The rotating frame (411) is rotatably mounted on the support frame (1). The adjustment motor (413) is fixedly mounted on the rotating frame (411), and the drive gear (414) is fixedly mounted on the output end of the adjustment motor (413). The arc rack (412) is fixedly mounted on the support frame (1), and the arc rack (412) and the drive gear (414) are meshed together.

2. The highly adaptable cable winch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cable drive assembly (42) includes a first transmission assembly (421), a second transmission assembly (422), a limiting slide rod (423), and a reciprocating threaded rod (424). The power input end of the first transmission assembly (421) is fixedly connected to the transmission shaft (22), and the power output end of the first transmission assembly (421) is fixedly connected to the power input end of the second transmission assembly (422). The power output end of the second transmission assembly (422) is rotatably mounted on the rotating frame (411). One end of the reciprocating threaded rod (424) is fixedly connected to the power output end of the second transmission assembly (422), and the other end of the reciprocating threaded rod (424) is rotatably mounted on the rotating frame (411). The limiting slide rod (423) is fixedly mounted on the rotating frame (411).

3. The highly adaptable cable winch according to claim 2, characterized in that, The guide cable assembly (43) includes a movable platform (431), a mounting frame (432), guide wheels (433), and traction wheels (434). The movable platform (431) is slidably connected to the limiting slide rod (423) via a slider, and a reciprocating threaded rod (424) is connected to the movable platform (431). The mounting frame (432) is fixedly installed on the movable platform (431), and the guide wheels (433) are rotatably installed on the outer side of the mounting frame (432). The traction wheels (434) are rotatably installed on the inner side of the mounting frame (432). The servo motor (435) is fixedly installed on the mounting frame (432). The output end of the servo motor (435) is fixedly connected to the traction wheels (434).

4. The highly adaptable cable winch according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cleaning structure (5) includes a follower frame (51), a guide roller (52), an elastic cloth belt (53), and an elastic cleaning ring (54). The follower frame (51) is fixedly installed on the outside of the mounting frame (432), and the guide roller (52) is symmetrically rotated on the outside of the follower frame (51). An elastic cloth belt (53) is fixedly installed on the follower frame (51) inside the guide roller (52). An elastic cleaning ring (54) is fixedly installed in the middle of the elastic cloth belt (53).

5. The highly adaptable cable winch according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heating mechanism (6) includes a storage box (61), an air inlet pipe (62), and a flow guide (64). The storage box (61) is fixedly installed on the mobile platform (431). An air inlet (63) is opened in the middle of the storage box (61). The flow guide (64) is stored inside the storage box (61). Multiple air inlet pipes (62) are fixedly installed on the storage box (61). The air inlet pipes (62) are connected to the air pump through a hose.

6. The highly adaptable cable winch according to claim 5, characterized in that, The air deflector (64) includes an inner membrane (641) and strip-shaped airbags (642). Multiple strip-shaped airbags (642) are fixedly installed on the outside of the inner membrane (641). The strip-shaped airbags (642) are connected to the air inlet pipe (62). The inner membrane (641) is stored in the storage box (61), and one end of the inner membrane (641) is fixedly connected to the storage box (61). The interior of the inner membrane (641) forms a heating channel, and the cable passes through the heating channel.

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