Drilling device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a drilling device. The drilling device comprises a positioning sleeve frame, a hydraulic assembly and a pressure relief assembly, the hydraulic assembly comprises a hydraulic rod body, a main piston and a piston rod, the hydraulic rod body is installed on the positioning sleeve frame, the main piston is arranged in the hydraulic rod body and connected with the piston rod, and the pressure relief assembly comprises an auxiliary piston, an elastic piece, a connecting oil pipe and an energy accumulator. The elastic piece is connected between the main piston and the end, away from the piston rod, of an auxiliary piston arranged in the main piston in an abutting mode, one end of the auxiliary piston is connected with a connecting oil pipe, the connecting oil pipe is connected with an energy accumulator arranged in the hydraulic rod body, and the flow area in the connecting oil pipe is adjustable. Oil on the side, away from the piston rod, of the main piston enters the main piston through a gap between the connecting oil pipe and the main piston and enters the connecting oil pipe when oil pressure rises. According to the drilling device, the service life of the drill bit can be prolonged, and meanwhile the stability and efficiency of drilling operation are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mining technology, and more specifically to a drilling device. Background Technology

[0002] Rockburst, a dynamic phenomenon caused by the sudden release of elastic deformation energy accumulated in coal and rock masses during mining, can not only damage underground equipment and deform roadways, but also, in severe cases, lead to casualties. Related technologies typically control rockburst in coal and rock masses through borehole drilling.

[0003] However, in related technologies, when drilling with drilling equipment, the drill bit is easily subjected to strong axial impact force in abruptly changing layers where hard rock and soft rock alternate, which can lead to drill bit damage, shortened drilling tool life, and even accidents such as borehole deviation and stuck drill, seriously affecting the stability and efficiency of drilling operations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, embodiments of this invention provide a drilling device that can reduce the axial impact force on the drill bit, increase the service life of the drill bit, and improve the stability and efficiency of drilling operations.

[0005] The drilling device of this invention includes: a positioning sleeve; a hydraulic assembly, the hydraulic assembly including a hydraulic rod body, a main piston, and a piston rod, the hydraulic rod body being mounted on the positioning sleeve, the main piston being disposed within the hydraulic rod body and movable relative to the hydraulic rod body along the axial direction of the hydraulic rod body, and one end of the piston rod extending into the hydraulic rod body and connected to the main piston; and a pressure relief assembly, the pressure relief assembly including a secondary piston, an elastic element, a connecting oil pipe, and an accumulator, the secondary piston being disposed within the main piston and movable relative to the main piston along the axial direction of the hydraulic rod body. The outer circumferential surface of the piston is in a sealing sliding fit with the inner circumferential surface of the main piston. The elastic element abuts against the end of the main piston and the auxiliary piston away from the piston rod. The end of the auxiliary piston away from the piston rod is connected to one end of the connecting oil pipe. The other end of the connecting oil pipe extends out of the main piston and is connected to the accumulator. The accumulator is connected to the inner wall of the hydraulic rod body. The flow area in the connecting oil pipe is adjustable. The oil on the side of the main piston away from the piston rod can enter the main piston through the gap between the connecting oil pipe and the main piston, and can enter the connecting oil pipe when the oil pressure increases.

[0006] The drilling device of this invention can reduce the axial impact force on the drill bit, improve the service life of the drill bit, and enhance the stability and efficiency of drilling operations.

[0007] In some embodiments, a baffle is provided inside the connecting oil pipe. The baffle has a plurality of connecting holes of different diameters arranged at intervals along the circumference of the baffle. A valve core is provided on the side of the baffle away from the auxiliary piston. The valve core has a connecting hole. The valve core is rotatable relative to the baffle so that the connecting hole communicates with different connecting holes to adjust the flow area inside the connecting oil pipe.

[0008] In some embodiments, the pressure relief assembly further includes a protective box, a drive element, and a drive rod. The protective box is installed inside the connecting oil pipe, the drive element is disposed inside the protective box and its output end is connected to the drive rod, and the drive rod is connected to the valve core.

[0009] In some embodiments, the drilling device further includes a drive assembly and a drill bit. The drive assembly includes a socket, a drive motor, and a transmission rod. The socket is connected to the other end of the piston rod. The drive motor is located inside the socket. The output end of the drive motor is connected to one end of the transmission rod. The other end of the transmission rod is connected to the drill bit so that the drill bit rotates under the drive of the drive motor.

[0010] In some embodiments, the drilling device further includes a connecting assembly, which includes a flexible coupling, a connecting rod, and a plug rod. One end of the flexible coupling is connected to the transmission rod, and the other end of the flexible coupling is connected to the connecting rod. The connecting rod is connected to the plug rod, and the drill bit is fixed on the plug rod.

[0011] In some embodiments, the drilling device further includes a fixing assembly, which includes a first electric telescopic rod, a positioning rod, a limiting rod, a second electric telescopic rod, and a push plate. Multiple first electric telescopic rods are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the connecting rod. The first electric telescopic rod is inserted into the connecting rod and is radially telescopic along the hydraulic rod body. The positioning rod is located at the output end of the first electric telescopic rod and can be inserted into the connecting rod. The limiting rod is located on the side of the connecting rod opposite to the connecting rod. The second electric telescopic rod is located on the limiting rod and is axially telescopic along the hydraulic rod body. The push plate is located at the output end of the second electric telescopic rod, and the push plate can overlap with the limiting rod.

[0012] In some embodiments, the socket is provided with cameras, torque sensors, speed sensors, vibration sensors, acoustic sensors and tilt sensors arranged at intervals along the circumference of the socket.

[0013] In some embodiments, the drilling device further includes a fixed frame, both ends of which are connected to the inner wall of the positioning sleeve. The main body of the hydraulic rod passes through the fixed frame. Assembly columns are rotatably connected to both sides of the positioning sleeve. Support side plates are fixedly connected to the assembly columns. A protective top plate is provided on the top of the support side plates. A servo motor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one of the assembly columns. A movable rod is installed at the output end of the servo motor, and the front end of the movable rod is fixedly connected to one side of the positioning sleeve. An arc-shaped guide rail is fixedly connected to the inner side of the support side plate. A sliding block is slidably connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped guide rail, and the front end of the sliding block is fixedly connected to one side of the positioning sleeve.

[0014] In some embodiments, the drilling device further includes a placement box located on the outside of the support side plate, and a plurality of drill bits placed inside the placement box. Each drill bit has an assembly hole opposite to the positioning rod. And / or, the bottom of the support side plate is provided with a fixed base plate, and the bottom of the fixed base plate is provided with a track.

[0015] In some embodiments, the fixed base plate is provided with a third electric telescopic rod on both sides of the hydraulic rod body in the axial direction, and the output end of the third electric telescopic rod is provided with an overlapping base plate. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a drilling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the drilling device according to another perspective of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main piston in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting oil pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the plug-in rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the flexible coupling according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a socket box according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly column according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a drill bit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure label:

[0026] Positioning sleeve 1, hydraulic rod body 2, main piston 3, piston rod 4, auxiliary piston 5, elastic element 6, connecting oil pipe 7, accumulator 8, baffle 9, connecting hole 10, valve core 11, connecting hole 12, protective box 13, driving component 14, driving rod 15, socket box 16, drive motor 17, transmission rod 18, flexible coupling 19, connecting rod 20, plug-in rod 21, first electric telescopic rod 22, positioning rod 23, limit rod 24, second electric telescopic rod 25, push plate 26 27. Camera, 28. Torque sensor, 29. Speed ​​sensor, 30. Vibration sensor, 31. Acoustic sensor, 32. Tilt sensor, 33. Fixing frame, 34. Assembly column, 35. Support side plate, 36. Protective top plate, 37. Servo motor, 38. Movable rod, 39. Arc guide rail, 40. Sliding block, 41. Monitor, 42. Placement box, 43. Drill bit, 44. Roller cone drill bit, 45. Spiral drill bit, 46. Fixing base plate, 47. Track, 48. Third electric telescopic rod, 49. Overlapping base plate. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0028] The drilling device of this invention includes a positioning sleeve 1, a hydraulic assembly, and a pressure relief assembly. The hydraulic assembly includes a hydraulic rod body 2, a main piston 3, and a piston rod 4. The hydraulic rod body 2 is mounted on the positioning sleeve 1. The main piston 3 is located inside the hydraulic rod body 2 and can move axially relative to the hydraulic rod body 2. One end of the piston rod 4 extends into the hydraulic rod body 2 and is connected to the main piston 3. The pressure relief assembly includes a secondary piston 5, an elastic element 6, a connecting oil pipe 7, and an accumulator 8. The secondary piston 5 is located inside the main piston 3 and can move axially relative to the main piston 3 along the hydraulic rod body 2. The outer circumferential surface of the secondary piston 5 is in a sealing sliding fit with the inner circumferential surface of the main piston 3. The elastic element 6 abuts against the end of the main piston 3 and the secondary piston 5 away from the piston rod 4. The end of the secondary piston 5 away from the piston rod 4 is connected to one end of the connecting oil pipe 7. The other end of the connecting oil pipe 7 extends out of the main piston 3 and is connected to the accumulator 8. The accumulator 8 is connected to the inner wall of the hydraulic rod body 2. The flow area in the connecting oil pipe 7 is adjustable. The oil on the side of the main piston 3 away from the piston rod 4 can enter the main piston 3 through the gap between the connecting oil pipe 7 and the main piston 3, and can enter the connecting oil pipe 7 when the oil pressure increases.

[0029] Specifically, such as Figures 1-3As shown, a hydraulic rod body 2 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the positioning sleeve 1. A main piston 3 is installed inside the hydraulic rod body 2. The axial direction of the hydraulic rod body 2 is consistent with the front-rear direction, and the piston rod 4 is located on the front side of the main piston 3. The piston rod 4 is fixedly connected to the front end of the main piston 3. At least part of the piston rod 4 is located outside the hydraulic rod body 2. The main piston 3 is driven to move forward by the oil in the hydraulic rod body 2, which in turn drives the piston rod 4 to move forward.

[0030] The auxiliary piston 5 is located inside the main piston 3 and can move back and forth relative to the main piston 3. The rear end of the auxiliary piston 5 abuts against the front end of the elastic element 6, and the rear end of the elastic element 6 abuts against the inner wall of the main piston 3. The front end of the connecting oil pipe 7 extends into the main piston 3 and connects to the auxiliary piston 5. The rear end of the connecting oil pipe 7 is located outside the main piston 3 and connects to the accumulator 8. The accumulator 8 is fixedly installed inside the hydraulic rod body 2. The oil on the rear side of the main piston 3 can enter the main piston 3 through the gap between the connecting oil pipe 7 and the main piston 3.

[0031] The outer circumferential surface of the auxiliary piston 5 is in a sealing sliding fit with the inner circumferential surface of the main piston 3. Since the auxiliary piston 5 is located inside the main piston 3 and there is relative back-and-forth movement between the two, a sliding seal must be provided between the auxiliary piston 5 and the inner wall of the main piston 3 to ensure the normal operation of the hydraulic components, in order to ensure that the hydraulic oil does not leak from the inside of the main piston 3 to the outside or other cavities.

[0032] In the drilling device of this embodiment, when the piston rod 4 is impacted and the main piston 3 is forced to move backward, the oil pressure on the rear side of the main piston 3 increases instantaneously, and is much higher than the pressure of the circuit formed by the connecting oil pipe 7 and the accumulator 8. This causes the oil on the rear side of the main piston 3 to continuously enter the main piston 3 through the gap between the connecting oil pipe 7 and the main piston 3, and flow into the accumulator 8 from the inlet end of the connecting oil pipe 7, thereby relieving pressure. Since the inlet end of the connecting oil pipe 7 is located on the rear side of the auxiliary piston 5, the oil will compress the elastic element 6 when passing through the main piston 3, further achieving a buffering effect. This reduces the axial impact force on the drill bit 43 connected to the hydraulic components, avoids damage to the drill bit 43, and improves the service life of the drill bit 43 while improving the stability and efficiency of drilling operations.

[0033] Optionally, the elastic element 6 is a disc spring assembly. One end of the disc spring assembly is fixed to the inner wall of the main piston 3, and the other end is fixed to the back of the auxiliary piston 5. The disc spring assembly provides a forward preload to the auxiliary piston 5, keeping it in a default initial position under non-impact conditions.

[0034] Optionally, since the front end of the connecting oil pipe 7 is connected to the rear end of the auxiliary piston 5, the inlet end of the connecting oil pipe 7 is arranged near the rear end of the auxiliary piston 5, so that when the oil enters the connecting oil pipe 7, it needs to pass through the disc spring assembly to compress the disc spring assembly, thereby driving the auxiliary piston 5 to move backward.

[0035] In some embodiments, a baffle 9 is provided inside the connecting oil pipe 7. The baffle 9 has a plurality of connecting holes 10 of different diameters arranged at intervals along the circumference of the baffle 9. A valve core 11 is provided on the side of the baffle 9 away from the auxiliary piston 5. The valve core 11 has a connecting hole 12. The valve core 11 is rotatable relative to the baffle 9 so that the connecting hole 12 communicates with different connecting holes 10 to adjust the flow area in the connecting oil pipe 7.

[0036] Specifically, such as Figures 3-4 As shown, a baffle 9 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting oil pipe 7. Four sets of connecting holes 10 with different diameters are opened on the surface of the baffle 9. A valve core 11 is rotatably connected to the back of the baffle 9. A connecting hole 12 is opened on the surface of the valve core 11, and the size of the connecting hole 12 matches the size of the connecting hole 10 with the largest diameter. By rotating the valve core 11, the connecting hole 12 is connected to different connecting holes 10 to adjust the flow area of ​​the oil.

[0037] Optionally, the connecting hole 10 and the connecting hole 12 are connected to form a throttling orifice. By connecting the connecting hole 12 with the connecting holes 10 of different diameters, the adjustment of throttling orifices of different sizes can be achieved.

[0038] In this embodiment, the connection between the connecting hole 12 and different connecting holes 10 allows the oil to pass through different diameters of the connecting hole 12, enabling dynamic adjustment of the buffering performance of the drilling device, also known as softness / hardness adjustment. When the drilling device encounters a large impact, the connecting hole 12 is connected to the smaller diameter connecting hole 10, making it harder (high damping) to withstand the impact. When the drilling device encounters a small impact, the connecting hole 12 is connected to the larger diameter connecting hole 10, making it softer (low damping) to improve efficiency, thereby achieving adaptive buffering.

[0039] In some embodiments, the pressure relief assembly further includes a protective box 13, a drive member 14, and a drive rod 15. The protective box 13 is installed inside the connecting oil pipe 7, the drive member 14 is disposed inside the protective box 13 and the output end of the drive member 14 is connected to the drive rod 15, and the drive rod 15 is connected to the valve core 11.

[0040] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, a protective box 13 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting oil pipe 7, and a driving component 14 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective box 13. A driving rod 15 is installed at the output end of the driving component 14, and the front end of the driving rod 15 is fixedly connected to the back of the valve core 11.

[0041] Optionally, the drive element 14 is a miniature stepper motor.

[0042] The following describes the operation of the drilling device using a specific embodiment: The positioning frame 1 serves as the overall support frame, and the hydraulic rod body 2, which is fixedly connected to its inner wall, constitutes the core actuator of the propulsion system. The main piston 3 inside the hydraulic rod body 2 is rigidly connected to the piston rod 4, directly transmitting a constant drilling thrust of 50kN. The auxiliary piston 5, nested in the cavity of the main piston 3, forms a dynamic fit with it through a sliding seal. The butterfly spring assembly connected to the back of the auxiliary piston 5 can provide a preload of 2kN to keep it in its normal return state. When the drill bit 43 encounters a sudden change in rock formation, the impact force is transmitted in the opposite direction to the main piston 3, forcing a sudden increase in the internal oil pressure on the rear side of the main piston 3. The high-pressure oil flows to the accumulator 8 through the connecting oil pipe 7 behind the auxiliary piston 5. The baffle 9 installed in the connecting oil pipe 7 has four sets of connecting holes 10 with different diameters (diameter of 2-5mm), which form a variable throttling orifice with the connecting hole 12 on the valve core 11. The micro stepper motor inside the protective box 13 precisely rotates the valve core 11 via the drive rod 15, matching different rock impact loads in real time (e.g., using a Φ2mm orifice to increase damping for hard rock). This generates controllable hydraulic resistance when the oil passes through the throttle orifice, pushing the auxiliary piston 5 to move backward relative to the main piston 3 and compress the disc spring assembly. At the same time, the accumulator 8 absorbs 60% of the impact energy, reducing the axial impact acceleration of the drill bit 43 from 15g to below 5g, preventing the PDC composite sheet from cracking. The damping orifice diameter can be dynamically adjusted via sensor feedback (e.g., switching to the minimum orifice diameter when the torque change exceeds 800 N·m / ms), achieving millisecond-level response. This ensures that while maintaining the continuous drilling function of the main piston 3, the hydraulic and mechanical combined buffering of the auxiliary piston 5 significantly improves the drilling stability and drill bit life in abrupt transitional layers between hard and soft rock.

[0043] When the drill bit 43 is impacted, the oil pressure on the rear side of the main piston 3 increases, and the high-pressure oil flows to the accumulator 8 through the connecting oil pipe 7 on the back of the auxiliary piston 5. The connecting oil pipe 7 is equipped with a variable throttle orifice composed of a baffle 9 and a valve core 11. The oil generates damping when it flows through the throttle orifice. Some oil will also enter the main piston 3 through the gap or channel between the auxiliary piston 5 and the main piston 3, pushing the auxiliary piston 5 to move backward and compressing the disc spring assembly to achieve buffering.

[0044] When an impact occurs, the auxiliary piston 5 moves backward relative to the main piston 3, compressing the spring and changing the oil pressure to achieve a buffering effect. The inlet of the connecting oil pipe 7 is fixed on the back of the auxiliary piston 5, aligned with this area. Therefore, when the oil pressure in this area increases, the oil is "pushed" or "enters" into the connecting oil pipe 7. When the drill bit 43 encounters hard rock or abrupt rock formations, generating a huge impact force, this impact force is transmitted in reverse to the main piston 3 through the piston rod 4, forcing the main piston 3 to tend to move backward. This action will drastically compress the hydraulic oil in the rear chamber of the main piston 3, causing the oil pressure to rise instantaneously. At this time, the system pressure is much higher than the pressure in the connecting oil pipe 7-accumulator 8 circuit. The high-pressure oil will immediately rush to the low-pressure area on the back of the auxiliary piston 5 and thus enter the connecting oil pipe 7, attempting to flow to the low-pressure container accumulator 8 to achieve pressure balance. Therefore, the oil enters the connecting oil pipe 7 at the moment of "impact and sudden pressure rise." During normal, stable drilling, however, the oil pressure increases. At this point, the thrust provided by the hydraulic rod body 2 is constant, and the reaction force of the rock formation on the drill bit 43 is also relatively stable. The oil pressure in the rear chamber of the main piston 3 remains at a stable working pressure value, in a relatively balanced state with the entire hydraulic system. Since there is no significant pressure difference driving the flow, the oil will not flow violently. The auxiliary piston 5 remains in position under the preload of the disc spring; although the throttle orifice exists, no large flow of oil passes through, and the entire buffer system is in a "standby" state. Therefore, during smooth drilling, the oil will not significantly flow into the connecting oil pipe 7.

[0045] Compared to related technologies where drill bit 43 is directly damaged when it suddenly encounters hard rock during drilling, this embodiment uses a pressure relief component to mitigate the impact force on drill bit 43, thus protecting it. The hydraulic component in this embodiment pushes drill bit 43 forward, providing a constant thrust and steadily propelling it forward. When drill bit 43 suddenly collides with hard rock from soft rock, the hard rock exerts a huge, reverse impact force on it. This force travels back along the drill rod, violently pushing the main piston 3. This sudden thrust rapidly compresses the hydraulic oil behind the main piston 3, causing a sudden spike in oil pressure. In this embodiment, the high-pressure oil is relieved by flowing through the connecting oil pipe 7 to the accumulator 8. In other words, the high-pressure oil is guided to the accumulator 8 (a pressure-absorbing container) to relieve pressure, preventing the high pressure from directly damaging the equipment. A baffle 9 and a valve core 11 are installed along the path of the high-pressure oil flowing to the accumulator 8 to achieve a variable throttling effect. When the impact is significant (e.g., encountering very hard rock formations), the throttling orifice is narrowed, making it very difficult for the oil to flow through the small orifice, resulting in high resistance and achieving high damping. If the impact is minor, the throttling orifice is widened, allowing the oil to flow more smoothly with less resistance, achieving low damping. The adjustment of the throttling orifice is automatically completed by a micro stepper motor, which can rotate and adjust in real time according to the rock formation conditions detected by the sensor, precisely controlling the size of the opening. When the high-pressure oil flows through this throttling orifice, it encounters resistance, generating a reverse force. This force pushes a specially designed buffer piston 5 backward, compressing its elastic element 6 and further improving the buffering effect. Simultaneously, the oil that flows smoothly through the valve core 11 eventually enters the accumulator 8, where its energy is stored. In other words, part of the impact force is converted into the force compressing the elastic element 6, and the other part is absorbed by the accumulator 8, achieving the transfer and dissipation of the impact force, thereby protecting the drill bit 43. Since most of the impact energy is dissipated and transferred internally, the violent vibrations transmitted to the drill bit 43 itself become very small. This effectively prevents the drill bit 43 from cracking, wearing, or breaking under the impact of hard rock, thus achieving the purpose of protection.

[0046] In other words, when the drill bit 43 is impacted and transmitted to the main piston 3, the oil pressure on the rear side of the main piston 3 increases. The increased oil pressure flows to the accumulator 8 through the connecting oil pipe 7 to release pressure. The size of the throttle orifice in the connecting oil pipe 7 is adjusted according to the magnitude of the impact force to achieve different resistances. Moreover, the compression spring under the action of resistance consumes energy, thus protecting the drill bit 43.

[0047] In some embodiments, the drilling device further includes a drive assembly and a drill bit 43. The drive assembly includes a socket 16, a drive motor 17, and a transmission rod 18. The socket 16 is connected to the other end of the piston rod 4. The drive motor 17 is located inside the socket 16. The output end of the drive motor 17 is connected to one end of the transmission rod 18. The other end of the transmission rod 18 is connected to the drill bit 43 so that the drill bit 43 rotates under the drive of the drive motor 17.

[0048] Specifically, such as Figures 5-6 As shown, a socket box 16 is fixedly connected to the front end of the piston rod 4. A drive motor 17 is fixedly installed inside the socket box 16. A transmission rod 18 is installed at the output end of the drive motor 17. The front end of the transmission rod 18 is connected to the drill bit 43 to drive the drill bit 43 to rotate.

[0049] In some embodiments, the drilling device further includes a connecting assembly, which includes a flexible coupling 19, a connecting rod 20, and a plug rod 21. One end of the flexible coupling 19 is connected to the transmission rod 18, and the other end of the flexible coupling 19 is connected to the connecting rod 20. The connecting rod 20 is connected to the plug rod 21, and the drill bit 43 is fixed on the plug rod 21.

[0050] Specifically, such as Figures 5-6 As shown, a flexible coupling 19 is fixedly connected to the front end of the transmission rod 18, a connecting rod 20 is fixedly connected to the front end of the flexible coupling 19, and a plug rod 21 is fixedly connected to the front end of the connecting rod 20. The plug rod 21 is connected to the drill bit 43. The flexible coupling 19 can compensate for axial deviation of ±2mm, facilitating the installation of the drill bit 43.

[0051] In some embodiments, the drilling device further includes a fixing assembly, which includes a first electric telescopic rod 22, a positioning rod 23, a limiting rod 24, a second electric telescopic rod 25, and a push plate 26. Multiple first electric telescopic rods 22 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the connecting rod 21. The first electric telescopic rods 22 are inserted into the connecting rod 21 and are radially telescopic along the hydraulic rod body 2. The positioning rod 23 is located at the output end of the first electric telescopic rod 22 and can be inserted into the connecting rod 21. The limiting rod 24 is located on the side of the connecting rod 21 opposite to the connecting rod 20. The second electric telescopic rod 25 is located on the limiting rod 24 and is axially telescopic along the hydraulic rod body 2. The push plate 26 is located at the output end of the second electric telescopic rod 25, and the push plate 26 can overlap with the limiting rod 24.

[0052] Specifically, such as Figures 5-7As shown, multiple first electric telescopic rods 22 are inserted into the inner wall of the plug-in rod 21. A positioning rod 23 is installed at the output end of the first electric telescopic rod 22, and the surface of the positioning rod 23 is inserted into the inner wall of the plug-in rod 21. A limit rod 24 is fixedly connected to the front end of the plug-in rod 21. A second electric telescopic rod 25 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the limit rod 24. A push plate 26 is installed at the output end of the second electric telescopic rod 25, and the back of the push plate 26 overlaps the front end of the limit rod 24.

[0053] In this embodiment, a drive motor 17 is installed inside the socket box 16 fixedly connected to the front end of the piston rod 4. Its output end drives the connecting rod 20 to rotate through the transmission rod 18 and the flexible coupling 19. The flexible coupling 19 can compensate for axial deviation of 2±mm. The plug rod 21 connected to the front end of the connecting rod 20 is provided with multiple first electric telescopic rods 22. The positioning rod 23 at its output end can extend radially to lock the inner wall of the drill bit 43. The second electric telescopic rod 25 inside the limiting rod 24 pushes the push plate 26 to quickly push out the drill bit 43 when disassembling it, realizing the quick installation and replacement of the drill bit 43.

[0054] Optionally, the drill bit 43 replacement time is less than or equal to 3 minutes.

[0055] In some embodiments, such as Figures 5-7 As shown, the socket 16 is equipped with cameras 27, torque sensors 28, speed sensors 29, vibration sensors 30, acoustic sensors 31, and tilt sensors 32 arranged at intervals along the circumference of the socket 16. By sequentially fixing the cameras 27, torque sensors 28, speed sensors 29, vibration sensors 30, acoustic sensors 31, and tilt sensors 32 to the surface of the socket 16, drilling parameters can be obtained in real time, thereby facilitating the adjustment of the throttle orifice size.

[0056] In some embodiments, the drilling device further includes a fixed frame 33, both ends of which are connected to the inner wall of the positioning sleeve 1. The hydraulic rod body 2 passes through the fixed frame 33. Assembly columns 34 are rotatably connected to both sides of the positioning sleeve 1. Support side plates 35 are fixedly connected to the assembly columns 34. A protective top plate 36 is provided on the top of the support side plates 35. A servo motor 37 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one of the assembly columns 34. A movable rod 38 is installed at the output end of the servo motor 37. The front end of the movable rod 38 is fixedly connected to one side of the positioning sleeve 1. An arc-shaped guide rail 39 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the support side plate 35. A sliding block 40 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped guide rail 39. The front end of the sliding block 40 is fixedly connected to one side of the positioning sleeve 1.

[0057] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 8As shown, a fixed frame 33 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the positioning sleeve 1, and the inner wall of the fixed frame 33 is fixedly connected to the surface of the hydraulic rod body 2. Assembly columns 34 are rotatably connected to both sides of the positioning sleeve 1. Support side plates 35 are fixedly connected to the surface of the assembly columns 34. A protective top plate 36 is fixedly connected to the top of the support side plates 35. A servo motor 37 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one of the assembly columns 34. A movable rod 38 is installed at the output end of the servo motor 37, and the front end of the movable rod 38 is fixedly connected to one side of the positioning sleeve 1. An arc-shaped guide rail 39 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the support side plate 35. A sliding block 40 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped guide rail 39, and the front end of the sliding block 40 is fixedly connected to one side of the positioning sleeve 1.

[0058] In this embodiment, the fixed frame 33 securely connects the hydraulic rod body 2 to the positioning sleeve frame 1, and the two sides are hinged to the support side plate 35 through the assembly column 34 to form a rigid support structure. The protective top plate 36 on the top of the support side plate 35 provides anti-impact protection for key components. The servo motor 37 installed in one of the assembly columns 34 drives the positioning sleeve frame 1 to rotate around the axis of the assembly column 34 through the movable rod 38 (adjustment range ±30°). With the constraint of the arc-shaped guide rail 39 and the sliding block 40 on the inner side of the support side plate 35, the angle adjustment process is ensured to be smooth and accurate, so that the drilling rig can adjust the drilling angle according to different working face conditions, while maintaining overall stability, providing reliable support for drilling operations under complex geological conditions.

[0059] In some embodiments, the drilling device further includes a placement box 42, which is located on the outside of the support side plate 35. There are multiple drill bits 43, which are placed in the placement box 42. The drill bits 43 are provided with mounting holes, which are opposite to the positioning rod 23.

[0060] Specifically, such as Figures 1-9 As shown, a monitor 41 is fixedly connected to the top inner side of the support side plate 35, and a placement box 42 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the support side plate 35. A PDC drill bit 43, a roller cone drill bit 44, and a spiral drill bit 45 are sequentially inserted into the inner wall of the placement box 42. The back of the PDC drill bit 43, the roller cone drill bit 44, and the spiral drill bit 45 are all provided with assembly holes, and the inner wall of the assembly holes is sleeved on the surface of the insertion rod 21, the positioning rod 23, the limiting rod 24, and the push plate 26.

[0061] In this embodiment, the drill bit 43 includes a PDC drill bit 43, a roller cone drill bit 44, and a spiral drill bit 45. The PDC drill bit 43 is used for soft or medium-hard rock formations and is inlaid with diamond composite plates. The roller cone drill bit 44 is used for hard rock formations and has a self-cleaning structure with a roller cone bearing. The spiral drill bit 45 is used for soft coal seams. The camera 27 integrated on the surface of the socket box 16 monitors the working environment in real time. The torque sensor 28, speed sensor 29, vibration sensor 30, acoustic sensor 31, and tilt sensor 32 monitor drilling parameters and equipment attitude, respectively. The storage box 42 stores the three types of drill bits 43 in categories. The monitor 41 is used to observe the external environment, which not only ensures efficient switching of drill bits 43 for different rock formations, but also provides real-time feedback on drilling status, ensuring drilling trajectory accuracy and operational safety.

[0062] In some embodiments, a fixed base plate 46 is provided at the bottom of the supporting side plate 35, and a track 47 is provided at the bottom of the fixed base plate 46. The fixed base plate 46 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the supporting side plate 35, and the track 47 is installed at the bottom of the fixed base plate 46, which can adapt to flexible movement on complex underground surfaces.

[0063] In some embodiments, the fixed base plate 46 is provided with a third electric telescopic rod 48 on both sides of the hydraulic rod body 2 in the axial direction, and the output end of the third electric telescopic rod 48 is provided with an overlapping base plate 49. The third electric telescopic rod 48 is fixedly connected to both the front and rear sides of the fixed base plate 46, and the overlapping base plate 49 is fixedly connected to the output end of the third electric telescopic rod 48.

[0064] In this embodiment, the fixed base plate 46 serves as the overall base, and the track 47 installed at its bottom provides all-terrain mobility, enabling the drilling device to move flexibly on complex underground surfaces. The third electric telescopic rods 48 on both sides can extend downwards to push the overlapping base plate 49 into contact with the ground, forming a support structure. This effectively distributes the weight of the equipment and suppresses vibration during drilling operations, ensuring both the ease of movement of the drilling device and enhanced stability through the adjustable support system during operation, ensuring accurate drilling even on inclined or soft ground conditions.

[0065] The working process of the drilling device in this embodiment is described in detail below with specific implementation parameters: A coal mine has a mining depth of 800 meters, and the working face has a sudden change zone between high-strength sandstone and soft coal seam, resulting in frequent rockburst accidents. Traditional drilling rigs are prone to getting stuck at the hard rock-soft rock interface and cannot adjust drilling parameters in real time, leading to borehole deviation and a high damage rate of drill bits. The mine urgently needs an intelligent drilling equipment that can adapt to geological changes and quickly relieve pressure.

[0066] The operator starts the track 47 via remote control, moving the device along the tunnel to the target area. The third electric telescopic rod 48 extends, pushing the overlapping base plate 49 to compact the surface, forming a stable triangular support (automatically leveling when the inclination slope is ≤15°). Angle adjustment: The servo motor 37 drives the movable rod 38, causing the positioning sleeve 1 to rotate 25° around the assembly column 34, aligning the axis of the drill bit 43 with the predetermined drilling trajectory. The arc-shaped guide rail 39 constrains the sliding block 40 to ensure no deviation during the adjustment process. Rock strata identification: The camera 27 captures images of the rock wall ahead, and combined with the echo analysis of the acoustic sensor 31, determines that the current layer is sandstone with f=6, selecting the PDC drill bit 43. Here, f refers to the Protodyakonov coefficient, a dimensionless value used to represent the rock's strength, ease of fracturing, and stability. The first electric telescopic rod 22 retracts, and the positioning rod 23 exits from the assembly hole of the old drill bit 43; the second electric telescopic rod 25 pushes the push plate 26 to eject the old drill bit 43; the robotic arm retrieves the PDC drill bit 43 from the placement box 42, and the insertion rod 21 is inserted into the assembly hole of the drill bit 43; the first electric telescopic rod 22 extends, and the positioning rod 23 locks the drill bit 43, with the entire process taking 2 minutes and 40 seconds. Conventional drilling: The hydraulic rod body 2 pushes the main piston 3, drilling at a drilling pressure of 30 kN and a speed of 200 rpm. The torque sensor 28 monitors in real time (stable value 700 N·m).

[0067] Hard rock sudden change response: When drill bit 43 encounters a flint interlayer with f=12: the torque suddenly increases to 1200 N·m (rate of change 500 N·m / ms), and vibration sensor 30 triggers an alarm; the micro stepper motor rotates valve core 11, aligning connecting hole 12 with Φ2mm connecting hole 10; high-pressure oil generates damping force through the throttle orifice, pushing the auxiliary piston 5 backward by 8mm, compressing the disc spring assembly, and accumulator 8 absorbs the impact energy; the axial acceleration of drill bit 43 decreases from 14g to 4g, and the PDC composite plate is undamaged. The rotation speed automatically decreases to 150 rpm, the drilling pressure increases to 35kN, and the original parameters are restored after passing through hard rock.

[0068] Hydraulic fracturing: After drilling to the target depth, the high-pressure water pump (50MPa) is activated. Water flows through the center hole of the connector rod 21 and is ejected from the nozzle on the side wall of the PDC drill bit 43, forming radial fractures (fracture width ≥5mm) in the coal seam. The tilt sensor 32 shows a borehole deviation of 0.8° / 10m, meeting the design requirements; the monitor 41 confirms that there are no abnormal gas levels in the surrounding area. The third electric telescopic rod 48 retracts to overlap the base plate 49, and the tracks 47 turn to the next drilling site. No manual intervention is required to replace the drill bit 43 or adjust parameters throughout the entire process.

[0069] The positioning sleeve 1 serves as the overall support frame. Its internal hydraulic rod body 2 provides a constant drilling thrust through the main piston 3 and piston rod 4. When the drill bit 43 encounters different rock formations, the impact force generated by the sudden change in rock formation is transmitted in the opposite direction to the main piston 3, causing its internal oil pressure to rise. The high-pressure oil flows to the accumulator 8 through the connecting oil pipe 7 on the back of the auxiliary piston 5. The baffle 9 inside the connecting oil pipe 7 has four sets of connecting holes 10 with different diameters, forming a variable throttling orifice with the connecting hole 12 on the valve core 11. The micro stepper motor inside the protective box 13 is driven by the rod... 15. The valve core 11 angle is precisely adjusted to change the size of the throttle orifice to match the current rock impact load. When the oil passes through the throttle orifice, it generates controllable hydraulic resistance, pushing the auxiliary piston 5 to move backward relative to the main piston 3 and compressing the disc spring assembly. At the same time, the accumulator 8 absorbs the impact energy, realizing dynamic buffering of the axial impact force of the drill bit 43. The sleeve box 16 at the front end of the piston rod 4 is equipped with a drive motor 17, which drives the connecting rod 20 to rotate through the transmission rod 18 and the flexible coupling 19. The flexible coupling 19 can compensate for axial deviation. The front end of the connecting rod 20 The insertion rod 21 controls the positioning rod 23 to extend radially through multiple sets of first electric telescopic rods 22 to lock the assembly hole of the drill bit 43. The second electric telescopic rod 25 inside the limiting rod 24 pushes the push plate 26 to achieve quick disassembly of the drill bit 43. Various sensors integrated on the surface of the socket box 16 monitor drilling parameters and equipment posture in real time. The fixed frame 33 firmly connects the hydraulic rod body 2 to the positioning sleeve frame 1. The side plates 35 are hinged to the mounting columns 34 on both sides to form a rigid support structure. The servo motor 37 drives the positioning sleeve frame 1 to rotate through the movable rod 38 to adjust the drilling angle. The arc-shaped guide rail 39 and the sliding block 40 ensure smooth angle adjustment. The track 47 at the bottom of the fixed base plate 46 provides all-terrain mobility. The third electric telescopic rods 48 on both sides push the overlapping base plate 49 to contact the ground to form stable support. The whole system achieves adaptive drilling, quick replacement, precise positioning and impact buffering of the drill bit 43 through the organic combination of hydraulic buffer, mechanical transmission, sensor monitoring and intelligent control, effectively copes with the complex geological conditions in coal mines and improves drilling efficiency and safety.

[0070] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0071] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0072] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0073] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0074] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0075] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drilling device, characterized in that, include: Positioning frame; A hydraulic assembly includes a hydraulic rod body, a main piston, and a piston rod. The hydraulic rod body is mounted on the positioning sleeve frame. The main piston is located inside the hydraulic rod body and can move axially relative to the hydraulic rod body. One end of the piston rod extends into the hydraulic rod body and is connected to the main piston. A pressure relief assembly includes a secondary piston, an elastic element, a connecting oil pipe, and an accumulator. The secondary piston is located inside the main piston and is axially movable relative to the main piston along the hydraulic rod body. The outer circumferential surface of the secondary piston is in a sealing sliding fit with the inner circumferential surface of the main piston. The elastic element abuts against the end of the main piston and the secondary piston away from the piston rod. The end of the secondary piston away from the piston rod is connected to one end of the connecting oil pipe. The other end of the connecting oil pipe extends out of the main piston and is connected to the accumulator. The accumulator is connected to the inner wall of the hydraulic rod body. The flow area in the connecting oil pipe is adjustable. Oil on the side of the main piston away from the piston rod can enter the main piston through the gap between the connecting oil pipe and the main piston, and can enter the connecting oil pipe when the oil pressure increases.

2. The drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting oil pipe is provided with a baffle plate, which has a plurality of connecting holes of different diameters arranged at intervals along the circumference of the baffle plate. A valve core is provided on the side of the baffle plate away from the auxiliary piston. The valve core has a connecting hole and is rotatable relative to the baffle plate so that the connecting hole connects with different connecting holes to adjust the flow area in the connecting oil pipe.

3. The drilling device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pressure relief assembly also includes a protective box, a driving component, and a driving rod. The protective box is installed inside the connecting oil pipe. The driving component is located inside the protective box, and its output end is connected to the driving rod. The driving rod is connected to the valve core.

4. The drilling device according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a drive assembly and a drill bit. The drive assembly includes a socket, a drive motor, and a transmission rod. The socket is connected to the other end of the piston rod. The drive motor is located inside the socket. The output end of the drive motor is connected to one end of the transmission rod. The other end of the transmission rod is connected to the drill bit so that the drill bit rotates under the drive of the drive motor.

5. The drilling device according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a connecting assembly, which includes a flexible coupling, a connecting rod, and a plug rod. One end of the flexible coupling is connected to the transmission rod, and the other end of the flexible coupling is connected to the connecting rod. The connecting rod is connected to the plug rod, and the drill bit is fixed on the plug rod.

6. The drilling apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a fixing assembly, which includes a first electric telescopic rod, a positioning rod, a limiting rod, a second electric telescopic rod, and a push plate. Multiple first electric telescopic rods are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the connecting rod. The first electric telescopic rod is inserted into the connecting rod and is radially telescopic along the main body of the hydraulic rod. The positioning rod is located at the output end of the first electric telescopic rod and can be inserted into the connecting rod. The limiting rod is located on the side of the connecting rod opposite to the connecting rod. The second electric telescopic rod is located on the limiting rod and is axially telescopic along the main body of the hydraulic rod. The push plate is located at the output end of the second electric telescopic rod, and the push plate can overlap with the limiting rod.

7. The drilling apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The socket is equipped with cameras, torque sensors, speed sensors, vibration sensors, sound wave sensors, and tilt sensors arranged at intervals along the circumference of the socket.

8. The drilling apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a fixed frame, both ends of which are connected to the inner wall of the positioning sleeve frame. The main body of the hydraulic rod passes through the fixed frame. Assembly columns are rotatably connected to both sides of the positioning sleeve frame. Support side plates are fixedly connected to the assembly columns. A protective top plate is provided on the top of the support side plates. A servo motor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of one of the assembly columns. A movable rod is installed at the output end of the servo motor, and the front end of the movable rod is fixedly connected to one side of the positioning sleeve frame. An arc-shaped guide rail is fixedly connected to the inner side of the support side plate. A sliding block is slidably connected to the inner wall of the arc-shaped guide rail, and the front end of the sliding block is fixedly connected to one side of the positioning sleeve frame.

9. The drilling apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a placement box located on the outside of the support side plate, and multiple drill bits placed inside the placement box. Each drill bit has an assembly hole opposite to the positioning rod; and / or, The bottom of the supporting side plate is provided with a fixed base plate, and the bottom of the fixed base plate is provided with tracks.

10. The drilling apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that, The fixed base plate is provided with a third electric telescopic rod on both sides of the hydraulic rod body along the axial direction, and the output end of the third electric telescopic rod is provided with an overlapping base plate.

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