Apparatus and method for hard rock drilling

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of construction drilling, in particular to a device and method for drilling in hard rock strata, comprising a rotating rod and a drill cylinder fixedly installed at the bottom end of the rotating rod, the top end of the rotating rod is connected to the output end of a rotary drilling machine through a hydraulic coupler, an impact mechanism and a lifting and releasing assembly are arranged above the drill cylinder, the impact mechanism comprises a first cylinder fixedly installed at the top of the rotating rod. The present application can automatically impact the hard rock strata during the drilling process of the rotary drilling machine, and can also exert a downward impact force during the rotation of the drill cylinder, effectively increasing the damage effect on the hard rock strata and increasing the instantaneous pressure load. When the hard rock strata are distributed unevenly at the front end of the drill hole, the present application can also detect the specific position of the hard rock strata below the drill cylinder, realize cyclic and directional impact, and further increase the construction speed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of rock stratum drilling, in particular to a device and method for hard rock stratum drilling. BACKGROUND

[0002] The rotary drilling rig construction mainly drives the rotary grinding of the drill cylinder. Under limited pressure load, it is difficult to effectively impact and break the hard rock stratum, and long-time rotary grinding will increase the damage and vibration of the soil near the drill hole, affecting the verticality during the construction of the rotary drilling rig.

[0003] The present application can automatically impact the hard rock stratum during the drilling process of the rotary drilling rig, and can also apply a downward impact force during the rotation of the drill cylinder, effectively increasing the damage effect on the hard rock stratum and increasing the instantaneous pressure load.

[0004] When the hard rock stratum is encountered, the present application can also detect the specific position of the hard rock stratum below the drill cylinder, realize cyclic and directional impact, and further increase the construction speed. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a device and method for hard rock stratum drilling, which can automatically impact the hard rock stratum during the drilling process of the rotary drilling rig, and can also apply a downward impact force during the rotation of the drill cylinder, effectively increasing the damage effect on the hard rock stratum and increasing the instantaneous pressure load. When the hard rock stratum is encountered, the present application can also detect the specific position of the hard rock stratum below the drill cylinder, realize cyclic and directional impact, and further increase the construction speed.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a device for hard rock stratum drilling, comprising a rotating rod and a drill cylinder fixedly installed at the bottom end of the rotating rod, the top end of the rotating rod is connected with the output end of the rotary drilling rig through a hydraulic coupler, and an impact mechanism and a lifting release assembly are arranged above the drill cylinder.

[0007] The impact mechanism comprises a first cylinder fixedly installed at the top of the rotating rod, the first cylinder is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating rod, and a counterweight is slidably connected to the inner wall of the left and right sides of the first cylinder. In the initial state, the counterweight is located at the upper end of the inside of the first cylinder. When the rotation of the drill cylinder is blocked, the counterweight can move downward to impact the hard rock stratum.

[0008] The present application can automatically impact the hard rock layer when the hard rock layer is encountered during the drilling process of the rotary drilling rig, and a downward impact force can be applied during the rotation of the drill cylinder, effectively increasing the damage effect on the hard rock layer and increasing the instantaneous pressure load.

[0009] The two sides of the rotating rod are provided with grooves, and rectangular tubes are embedded in the grooves.

[0010] The top end of the trapezoidal block is horizontal, and the top end of the trapezoidal block supports the counterweight block when the counterweight block is in the initial position.

[0011] Further preferably, the lifting release assembly includes a second cylinder fixedly installed on the top of the first cylinder, and the top of the first cylinder is fixedly connected with a motor, and the output shaft end of the motor is fixedly connected with a disc.

[0012] Further preferably, the right side of the disc is fixedly connected with a support block, the bottom of the support block is fixedly connected with a first electric telescopic rod, the output shaft end of the first electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected with a rectangular block, one side of the rectangular block is fixedly connected with a pawl, and the left end of the round rod is fixedly connected with a ratchet wheel.

[0013] Further preferably, the bottom end of the drill cylinder is also provided with a hardness detection assembly located directly below one of the counterweights, the hardness detection assembly comprising a second electric telescopic rod, a circular tube and a probe rod, the bottom of the drill cylinder being provided with a circular groove, the second electric telescopic rod being fixedly installed on the top inner wall of the circular groove, the circular tube being fixedly installed on the output end of the second electric telescopic rod, the probe rod being slidably sleeved on the inner side of the circular tube, the bottom end of the probe rod being fixedly connected with a V-shaped block, a damping member being arranged in the circular tube, and the V-shaped block being in contact with and sliding on the surface of the hard rock layer during one rotation of the rotating rod, the highest position of the probe rod being the position corresponding to the hardest position in the bottom hard rock layer.

[0014] Further preferably, a potentiometer is embedded on the right inner wall of the circular tube, and a sliding block matched with the potentiometer is embedded on the right side of the probe rod, so that the lifting height of the probe rod is obtained by obtaining the position of the sliding block on the potentiometer.

[0015] Further preferably, the damping member comprises a fixed plate fixedly sleeved on the inner side of the circular tube, a spring fixedly connected between the fixed plate and the probe rod, a gap between the top end of the fixed plate and the probe rod being filled with hydraulic oil, and a gap between the top end of the fixed plate and the inner side of the circular tube, the top of the fixed plate being provided with a through hole, the hydraulic oil on the lower side of the fixed plate being able to enter the upper side of the fixed plate through the through hole when the V-shaped block is in contact and rises, and the rising resistance of the V-shaped block being determined by the diameter of the through hole.

[0016] Further preferably, two one-way valves with outlets at the bottom are embedded on the top of the fixed plate, so that the one-way valves can increase the backflow area and be used for quickly resetting the V-shaped block.

[0017] Further preferably, a sliding groove is formed in the top inner wall and the bottom inner wall of the rectangular tube, and a square block is fixedly connected to the top and the bottom of the trapezoidal block and slidably connected to the corresponding sliding groove.

[0018] Further preferably, two positioning rods are fixedly connected between the top inner wall of the first cylinder and the top of the drill cylinder, a rectangular hole is formed in the top of the counterweight, and a ball is embedded on the side wall of the rectangular hole and in rolling contact with the outer side of the positioning rod.

[0019] The application also provides a method for drilling hard rock layers, which comprises the following steps.

[0020] When the drill cylinder encounters a hard rock layer, the rotating speed of the rotating rod is reduced, the centrifugal force generated by the rotating rod is reduced, the trapezoidal block is no longer shielded from the counterweight, the downward accelerating counterweight impacts the drill cylinder, and the drill bit impacts the hard rock layer again to crush the hard rock layer.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The device for hard rock stratum drilling, the device uses centrifugal force generated by the rotating rod in high-speed rotation to drive the trapezoidal block to slide in the inside of the rectangular tube and stretch the tension spring, the trapezoidal block blocks the counterweight, when the drill cylinder collides with hard rock in the rotating process, the rotating speed of the rotating rod is reduced, the centrifugal force generated by the rotating rod is reduced, the trapezoidal block slides in the inside of the rectangular tube, the trapezoidal block no longer blocks the counterweight, the external controller drives the rectangular block to move upward through the first electric telescopic rod, the rectangular block drives the pawl to separate from the ratchet, at this time, the counterweight accelerates downward, the counterweight impacts the drill cylinder, the impact force is transmitted to the drill bit through the drill cylinder, the drill bit impacts the hard rock again, so that the hard rock can be broken quickly.

[0023] 2. The device for hard rock stratum drilling, when the hard rock impact is completed, the rotary excavator drives the rotating rod to move upward, the rotating rod drives the drill cylinder to move upward, at this time, the rotating speed of the rotating rod is increased, the centrifugal force generated by the rotating rod in high-speed rotation can drive the trapezoidal block to slide in the inside of the rectangular tube again and stretch the tension spring, the external controller starts the first electric telescopic rod to work, the first electric telescopic rod drives the rectangular block to move downward, the rectangular block drives the pawl to move downward, the pawl is clamped with the ratchet, the external controller starts the motor to rotate, the motor drives the disc to rotate, the disc drives the support block to rotate, the support block drives the rectangular block to rotate through the first electric telescopic rod, the rectangular block drives the ratchet to rotate through the pawl, the ratchet drives the corresponding round rod to rotate, the round rod drives the winding wheel to rotate, the winding wheel winds the pull rope, the pull rope drives the corresponding counterweight to move upward, the counterweight slides in the outside of the positioning rod, the arc surface of the counterweight contacts and extrudes the inclined surface of the trapezoidal block, under the extrusion, the trapezoidal block will slide in the corresponding rectangular tube temporarily and compress the tension spring, when the inclined surface of the counterweight and the trapezoidal block is staggered, at this time, the trapezoidal block slides in the inside of the rectangular tube under the action of the centrifugal force generated by the rotating rod and stretches the tension spring, the trapezoidal block blocks the counterweight, the rectangular block is in the upper side again, returns to the initial state, the rotary excavator drives the rotating rod to move downward and rotate to continue to break the hard rock, realizes the cycle breaking.

[0024] 3. The device for hard rock stratum drilling, the rotary drilling rig driving drill cylinder is slow rotation, the bottom end of the drill cylinder is further provided with a hardness detection assembly, the hardness detection assembly is located directly below one of the counterweights, the hardness detection assembly comprises a second electric telescopic rod, a circular tube and a probe rod, the bottom of the drill cylinder is provided with a circular groove, the second electric telescopic rod is fixedly installed on the top inner wall of the circular groove, the circular tube is fixedly installed on the output end of the second electric telescopic rod, the probe rod is slidably sleeved on the inner side of the circular tube, the bottom end of the probe rod is fixedly connected with a V-shaped block, a damping member is arranged in the circular tube, in the process of the rotating rod rotating one circle, the V-shaped block is resisted and slides on the surface of the hard rock stratum, the harder the rock is, the higher the V-shaped block rises, when the probe rod rises to the highest position, the corresponding position is the hardest position in the bottom hard rock stratum.

[0025] 4. The device for hard rock stratum drilling, the damping member comprises a fixed plate fixedly sleeved on the inner side of the circular tube, a spring is fixedly connected between the fixed plate and the probe rod, there is a gap between the top end of the fixed plate and the probe rod and the gap is filled with hydraulic oil, there is also a gap between the top end inner side of the circular tube and the fixed plate, the top of the fixed plate is provided with a through hole, when the V-shaped block is resisted and rises, the hydraulic oil on the lower side of the fixed plate will enter the upper side of the fixed plate through the through hole, the rising resistance of the V-shaped block is determined by the diameter of the through hole; when the V-shaped block resets, the spring drives the probe rod to move downward, the probe rod drives the V-shaped block to move downward, the hydraulic oil in the area above the fixed plate passes through the one-way valve and is discharged to the area between the fixed plate and the probe rod, the one-way valve increases the diameter of the hydraulic oil backflow, and is used for the function of rapid resetting.

[0026] 5、The device for hard rock drilling, the invention is in the process of slowly rotating a whole circle of the drilling cylinder, when slowly rotating, because the trapezoidal block is no longer shielded from the counterweight due to the small centrifugal force, whether the rock hardness of the bottom is consistent can be judged through the hardness detection assembly, the hardness detection assembly is located directly below one of the counterweights on the left side, the external controller starts the second electric telescopic rod to move downward, the second electric telescopic rod drives the circular pipe to move out from the circular groove, the hardness detection assembly starts to work, after detection is completed, the circular pipe needs to be retracted, in the process of rotating a whole circle of the drilling cylinder, when the amplitude of the probe rod rising appears obvious ups and downs, it indicates that the rock hardness of the drilling face at the bottom of the drilling cylinder is inconsistent; when the amplitude of the probe rod rising is not obvious, it indicates that the rock hardness of the drilling face at the bottom of the drilling cylinder is nearly consistent, when the rock hardness of the drilling face at the bottom of the drilling cylinder is inconsistent, the drilling cylinder is rotated again, the hardness detection assembly is rotated to the position where the probe rod 303 rises the farthest, that is, the hardness detection assembly is rotated to the position where the rock is the hardest, at this time, one of the counterweights on the left side starts to impact through the lifting release assembly, the drilling cylinder starts to rotate slowly again, after the drilling cylinder rotates 180°, the other counterweight will move to the position where the rock is the hardest, the other counterweight impacts again, in the process of impact of one of the counterweights, the other counterweight is lifted through the lifting release assembly, continuous impact operation is realized, the accuracy and frequency of impact are increased, the drilling efficiency is further increased, the drilling cylinder rotates a whole circle to drive two counterweights to cycle downward to generate impact force, so that high-frequency impact is realized, so that the hard rock can be broken rapidly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a front view of the structure of the invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a structure diagram of the invention without the second cylinder;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a connection structure diagram of the motor and the disc in the invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a side view structure diagram of Figure 3 ;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional structure diagram of the first cylinder in the invention;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional structure diagram of the rectangular pipe in the invention;

[0033] Figure 7 It is a structure diagram of installing the hardness detection assembly in the invention;

[0034] Figure 8It is a front view of the drill cylinder in the application;

[0035] Figure 9 It is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure of the drill cylinder in the application;

[0036] Figure 10 It is a schematic view of the internal cross-sectional structure of the round pipe in the application.

[0037] In the figure:

[0038] 1, first cylinder; 101, groove; 102, rectangular pipe; 103, trapezoidal stopper; 104, tension spring; 105, vertical seat; 106, round rod; 107, winding wheel; 108, pull rope; 109, counterweight; 110, positioning rod;

[0039] 2, second cylinder; 201, motor; 202, disc; 203, support block; 204, first electric telescopic rod; 205, rectangular block; 206, pawl; 207, ratchet wheel;

[0040] 3, drill cylinder; 301, second electric telescopic rod; 302, round pipe; 303, probe rod; 304, V-shaped block; 305, sliding block; 306, potentiometer; 307, fixed plate; 308, spring; 309, through hole; 310, one-way valve; 311, circular groove;

[0041] 4, rotating rod; 5, fluid coupling. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the application.

[0043] Embodiment 1, please refer to Figures 1-6 The application provides a technical solution: a device for drilling in hard rock strata, comprising a rotating rod 4 and a drill cylinder 3 fixedly installed at the bottom end of the rotating rod 4, the top end of the rotating rod 4 is connected to the output end of a rotary excavator through a fluid coupling 5, and the upper part of the drill cylinder 3 is provided with an impact mechanism and a lifting and releasing assembly. The fluid coupling is used to realize non-rigid connection, so that when the drill cylinder 3 encounters hard rock strata, a relatively obvious drop in rotating speed can occur.

[0044] The impact mechanism comprises a first cylinder 1 fixedly installed at the top of the rotating rod 4, the first cylinder 1 is fixedly sleeved outside the rotating rod 4, the left and right two side inner walls of the first cylinder 1 are slidably connected with counterweights 109, in the initial state, the counterweights 109 are located at the inner side upper end of the first cylinder 1, when the rotation of the drill cylinder 3 is blocked, the counterweights 109 can move downward to realize the impact on the hard rock layer;

[0045] The rotating rod 4 is provided with grooves 101 at two sides, the grooves 101 are embedded with rectangular tubes 102, the inner side of the rectangular tube 102 is slidably connected with trapezoidal blocks 103, the trapezoidal blocks 103 and the inner walls of the corresponding rectangular tubes 102 are provided with tension springs 104, the centrifugal force generated in the rotating process of the rotating rod 4 can make one end of the trapezoidal block 103 protrude from the rectangular tube 102;

[0046] The top end of the trapezoidal block 103 is horizontally arranged, when the counterweight 109 is in the initial position, the top end of the trapezoidal block 103 supports the counterweight 109, when the drill cylinder 3 encounters the hard rock layer and is blocked, the rotating speed decreases, the centrifugal force decreases, the trapezoidal block 103 enters the rectangular tube 102 under the action of the tension spring 104, the counterweight 109 rapidly descends to realize the impact, one side of the bottom end of the trapezoidal block 103 is obliquely arranged, one side corresponding to the top end of the counterweight 109 is arc-shaped, when the counterweight 109 is lifted, the counterweight 109 can pass through the trapezoidal block 103 and be supported by the trapezoidal block 103 again.

[0047] The present application can automatically impact the hard rock layer when the hard rock layer is encountered in the drilling process of the rotary drilling rig, a downward impact force can be applied in the rotating process of the drill cylinder 3, the damage effect on the hard rock layer is effectively increased, the instantaneous pressure load is increased, when the hard rock layer is distributed at different positions in front of the drill hole, the present application can detect the specific position of the hard rock layer below the drill cylinder 3, the cyclic and directional impact is realized, and the construction speed is further increased.

[0048] The rotating rod 4 is driven by the rotary drilling machine, can rotate and lift, and can obtain the rotating speed of the rotating rod 4, which is not described in detail.

[0049] The rotating rod 4 is connected with the input end of the hydraulic coupler 5, the rotary excavator drives the hydraulic coupler 5 to drive the drill cylinder 3 to rotate and move downward through the rotating rod 4, and the centrifugal force generated by the rotating rod 4 during high-speed rotation can drive the trapezoidal block 103 to slide on the inner side of the rectangular tube 102 and stretch the tension spring 104, the trapezoidal block 103 blocks the counterweight block 109, when the drill cylinder 3 collides with hard rock during rotation, the drill teeth on the drill cylinder 3 crush the hard rock, at this time, the hard rock generates a large resistance, which reduces the rotating speed of the drill cylinder 3, the rotating speed of the drill cylinder 3 and the rotating rod 4 is reduced, the centrifugal force generated by the rotating rod 4 is reduced, which causes the trapezoidal block 103 to slide on the inner side of the rectangular tube 102, the trapezoidal block 103 no longer blocks the counterweight block 109, in the initial state (under the action of high-speed rotation of the rotating rod 4), the rectangular block 205 is on the upper side, the pawl 206 is in a separated state with the ratchet wheel 207, at this time, the counterweight block 109 impacts downward under the action of its own gravity, the ball rolls on the outer side of the positioning rod 110, the arrangement of the ball reduces the friction between the counterweight block 109 and the positioning rod 110, the counterweight block 109 drives the corresponding pull rope 108 to move downward, the winding wheel 107 rotates and releases the pull rope 108, the winding wheel 107 drives the corresponding circular rod 106 to rotate, at this time, the downward accelerating counterweight block 109 impacts the drill cylinder 3, the impact force is transmitted to the drill teeth through the drill cylinder 3, the impact load of the drill teeth on the hard rock is increased, so that the hard rock can be quickly crushed.

[0050] In the embodiment, specifically: the lifting release assembly includes a second cylinder 2, the second cylinder 2 is fixedly installed on the top of the first cylinder 1, the top of the first cylinder 1 is fixedly connected with a motor 201, the output shaft end of the motor 201 is fixedly connected with a disc 202, the lifting release assembly further includes a vertical seat 105, the vertical seat 105 is fixedly installed on the top of the first cylinder 1, the left side of the vertical seat 105 is rotatably connected with a circular rod 106, a winding wheel 107 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the circular rod 106, the outer side of the winding wheel 107 is fixedly and wound with a pull rope 108, the bottom end of the pull rope 108 extends into the first cylinder 1 and is fixedly connected with the top end of a counterweight block 109, when the motor 201 rotates, the counterweight block 109 can be lifted;

[0051] In the embodiment, specifically: the right side of the disc 202 is fixedly connected with a support block 203, the bottom of the support block 203 is fixedly connected with a first electric telescopic rod 204, the output shaft end of the first electric telescopic rod 204 is fixedly connected with a rectangular block 205, one side of the rectangular block 205 is fixedly connected with a pawl 206, the left end of the circular rod 106 is fixedly connected with a ratchet wheel 207, under the telescopic action of the first electric telescopic rod 204, the end of the pawl 206 can extend to the inner side of the ratchet wheel 207 to clamp the ratchet wheel 207;

[0052] When the hard rock impact is completed, the rotary drilling machine drives the rotating rod 4 to move upwards, the rotating rod 4 drives the drill cylinder 3 to move upwards, at this time the rotating speed of the rotating rod 4 is increased, the centrifugal force generated by the rotating rod 4 in the high-speed rotating process can drive the trapezoidal block 103 to slide in the inside of the rectangular tube 102 again and stretch the tension spring 104, the external controller positively starts the first electric telescopic rod 204 to work, the first electric telescopic rod 204 drives the rectangular block 205 to move downwards, the rectangular block 205 drives the pawl 206 to move downwards, the pawl 206 is clamped with the ratchet wheel 207, the external controller positively starts the motor 201 to rotate, the motor 201 drives the disc 202 to rotate, the disc 202 drives the supporting block 203 to rotate, the supporting block 203 drives the rectangular block 205 to rotate through the first electric telescopic rod 204, the rectangular block 205 drives the ratchet wheel 207 to rotate through the pawl 206, the ratchet wheel 207 drives the corresponding circular rod 106 to rotate, the circular rod 106 drives the winding wheel 107 to rotate, the winding wheel 107 winds the tension rope 108, the tension rope 108 drives the corresponding counterweight block 109 to move upwards, the counterweight block 109 slides outside the positioning rod 110, the arc surface of the counterweight block 109 is in contact with the inclined surface of the trapezoidal block 103 and is extruded, under the action of extrusion, the trapezoidal block 103 will slide in the corresponding rectangular tube 102 for a short time and compress the tension spring 104, when the counterweight block 109 is staggered with the inclined surface of the trapezoidal block 103, at this time the trapezoidal block 103 slides in the inside of the rectangular tube 102 under the action of the centrifugal force generated by the rotating rod 4 and stretches the tension spring 104, the trapezoidal block 103 blocks the counterweight block 109, the rectangular block 205 is on the upper side again, returns to the initial state, the rotary drilling machine drives the rotating rod 4 to move downwards and rotate to continue to crush the hard rock, realizing the cycle of crushing.

[0053] Embodiment 2, this embodiment is a further improvement of embodiment 1, the same parts will not be repeated, please refer to Figures 1-10 , in embodiment 2, the rotary drilling machine drives the drill cylinder 3 to rotate slowly, the bottom end of the drill cylinder 3 is further provided with a hardness detection assembly, the hardness detection assembly is located directly below one of the counterweight blocks 109, the hardness detection assembly comprises a second electric telescopic rod 301, a circular tube 302 and a probe rod 303, the bottom of the drill cylinder 3 is provided with a circular groove 311, the second electric telescopic rod 301 is fixedly installed on the top inner wall of the circular groove 311, the circular tube 302 is fixedly installed on the output end of the second electric telescopic rod 301, the probe rod 303 is slidably sleeved on the inside of the circular tube 302, the bottom end of the probe rod 303 is fixedly connected with a V-shaped block 304, a damping member is arranged in the circular tube 302, in the process of one rotation of the rotating rod 4, the V-shaped block 304 is resisted and slides on the surface of the hard rock layer, the harder the rock is, the more difficult the V-shaped block 304 extrudes and crushes the rock, the higher the V-shaped block 304 rises, when the probe rod 303 rises to the highest position, the corresponding position is the hardest position in the bottom hard rock layer;

[0054] In this embodiment, specifically: the right inner wall of the circular tube 302 is embedded with a potentiometer 306, and the right side of the probe rod 303 is embedded with a slider 305 matched with the potentiometer 306, and the rising height of the probe rod 303 is obtained by obtaining the position of the slider 305 on the potentiometer 306;

[0055] In this embodiment, specifically: the damping member includes a fixed plate 307 fixedly sleeved on the inner side of the circular tube 302, a spring 308 fixedly connected between the fixed plate 307 and the probe rod 303, a gap between the fixed plate 307 and the top end of the probe rod 303 and filled with hydraulic oil, a gap between the inner side of the top end of the circular tube 302 and the fixed plate 307, a through hole 309 opened in the top of the fixed plate 307, when the V-shaped block 304 is lifted by contact, the hydraulic oil on the lower side of the fixed plate 307 will enter the upper side of the fixed plate 307 through the through hole 309, and the lifting resistance of the V-shaped block 304 is determined by the diameter of the through hole 309; when the V-shaped block 304 is reset, the spring 308 drives the probe rod 303 to move downward, the probe rod 303 drives the V-shaped block 304 to move downward, the hydraulic oil in the area above the fixed plate 307 passes through the one-way valve 310 and is discharged to the area between the fixed plate 307 and the probe rod 303, and the one-way valve 310 increases the diameter of the hydraulic oil backflow, and is used to reset quickly;

[0056] During the slow rotation of the drilling cylinder 3 for one whole circle, when rotating slowly, the trapezoidal blocking block 103 no longer shields the counterweight block 109 due to small centrifugal force, and the lifting and falling of the counterweight block 109 are completely realized by the engagement and separation of the pawl 206 and the ratchet wheel 207, the hardness detection assembly can judge whether the hardness of the rock at the bottom is consistent, the hardness detection assembly is located directly below one of the counterweight blocks 109 on the left side, the external controller starts the second electric telescopic rod 301 to move downward, the second electric telescopic rod 301 drives the circular tube 302 to move out of the circular groove 311, and the hardness detection assembly starts to work; after detection is completed, the circular tube 302 needs to be retracted;

[0057] During the rotation of the drilling cylinder 3 for one circle, when the amplitude of the lifting of the probe rod 303 appears obvious ups and downs (obtained through the potentiometer 306), it indicates that the rock hardness of the drilling surface at the bottom of the drilling cylinder 3 is inconsistent; when the amplitude of the lifting of the probe rod 303 does not appear obvious ups and downs, it indicates that the rock hardness of the drilling surface at the bottom of the drilling cylinder 3 is nearly consistent;

[0058] When the rock hardness of the drilling face at the bottom of the drill cylinder 3 is inconsistent, the drill cylinder 3 is rotated again, the hardness detection assembly is rotated to the position where the probe rod 303 rises the highest in the last rotation detection process, that is, the hardness detection assembly is rotated to the position where the rock is the hardest, at this time, one of the counterweights 109 on the left is controlled to start the impact by the lifting release assembly, and the drill cylinder 3 starts to rotate slowly again, after the drill cylinder 3 rotates 180°, the other counterweight 109 moves to the position where the rock is the hardest, and the other counterweight 109 again impacts, in the process of impact of one of the counterweights 109, the other counterweight 109 is lifted by the lifting release assembly, so that continuous impact operation is realized, the accuracy and frequency of impact are increased, and the drilling efficiency is further increased.

[0059] The drill cylinder 3 rotates one circle to drive the two counterweights 109 to cyclically pound downward to generate impact force, so that high-frequency impact is realized, and hard rock can be rapidly broken.

[0060] In the embodiment, specifically, the top of the fixed plate 307 is embedded with two one-way valves 310 with outlets at the bottom, and the one-way valves 310 can increase the backflow area and be used for realizing rapid resetting of the V-shaped block 304.

[0061] In the embodiment, specifically, the top inner wall and the bottom inner wall of the rectangular pipe 102 are both provided with sliding grooves, and the top and the bottom of the trapezoidal block 103 are both fixedly connected with square blocks which are in sliding connection with the corresponding sliding grooves.

[0062] In the embodiment, specifically, the top inner wall of the first cylinder 1 and the top of the drill cylinder 3 are fixedly connected with two positioning rods 110, the top of the counterweight 109 is provided with a rectangular hole, and the side wall of the rectangular hole is embedded with a ball bearing which is in rolling contact with the outer side of the positioning rod 110.

[0063] The application also provides a method for drilling hard rock layers, which comprises the following steps.

[0064] When the drill cylinder 3 encounters hard rock layers, the rotation speed of the rotating rod 4 is reduced to reduce the centrifugal force, the trapezoidal block 103 is slid to no longer shield the counterweight 109, the downward counterweight 109 accelerates to impact the drill cylinder 3, and the drill bit impacts the hard rock again to break the hard rock.

[0065] Although the embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the application, and the scope of the application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An apparatus for drilling in hard rock formations, comprising a rotating rod (4) and a drill barrel (3) fixedly installed at the bottom end of the rotating rod (4), characterized in that: The top of the rotating rod (4) is connected to the output end of the rotary drilling machine through a hydraulic coupler (5), and an impact mechanism and a lifting release assembly are provided above the drill barrel (3); The impact mechanism includes a first cylinder (1), which is fixedly installed on the top of the rotating rod (4). The first cylinder (1) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating rod (4). The inner walls of the left and right sides of the first cylinder (1) are slidably connected with counterweights (109). In the initial state, the counterweights (109) are located at the upper inner side of the first cylinder (1). When the rotation of the drill barrel (3) is obstructed, the counterweights (109) can move downward to impact the hard rock layer. The rotating rod (4) has grooves (101) on both sides, and a rectangular tube (102) is embedded in the groove (101). A trapezoidal stop (103) is slidably connected to the inner side of the rectangular tube (102). A tension spring (104) is provided between the trapezoidal stop (103) and the inner wall of the corresponding rectangular tube (102). The centrifugal force generated by the rotating rod (4) during rotation can cause one end of the trapezoidal stop (103) to protrude out of the rectangular tube (102). The top of the trapezoidal stop (103) is horizontal. When the counterweight (109) is in its initial position, the top of the trapezoidal stop (103) supports the counterweight (109). When the drill barrel (3) encounters hard rock layers, the rotation speed decreases and the centrifugal force decreases. Under the action of the tension spring (104), the trapezoidal stop (103) enters the rectangular tube (102). The counterweight (109) descends rapidly to achieve impact. One side of the bottom end of the trapezoidal stop (103) is inclined, and the corresponding side of the top end of the counterweight (109) is arc-shaped. When the counterweight (109) is lifted, it can pass over the trapezoidal stop (103) and be supported by the trapezoidal stop (103) again. The bottom end of the drill barrel (3) is also equipped with a hardness detection component, which is located directly below one of the counterweights (109). The hardness detection assembly includes a second electric telescopic rod (301), a circular tube (302), and a probe (303). The bottom of the drill barrel (3) is provided with a circular groove (311). The second electric telescopic rod (301) is fixedly installed on the top inner wall of the circular groove (311). The circular tube (302) is fixedly installed at the output end of the second electric telescopic rod (301). The probe (303) is slidably sleeved on the inner side of the circular tube (302). A V-shaped block (304) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the probe (303). A damping element is provided inside the circular tube (302). During the rotation of the rotating rod (4) one revolution, the V-shaped block (304) abuts and slides on the surface of the hard rock layer. When the probe (303) rises to its highest position, the corresponding position is the hardest position in the bottom hard rock layer.

2. The apparatus for drilling in hard rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting and releasing assembly includes a second cylinder (2), which is fixedly installed on the top of the first cylinder (1). A motor (201) is fixedly connected to the top of the first cylinder (1). A disc (202) is fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the motor (201). The lifting and releasing assembly also includes a vertical seat (105), which is fixedly installed on the top of the first cylinder (1). A round rod (106) is rotatably connected to the left side of the vertical seat (105). A winding wheel (107) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the round rod (106). A pull rope (108) is fixedly wound on the outside of the winding wheel (107). The bottom end of the pull rope (108) extends into the first cylinder (1) and is fixedly connected to the top of the counterweight (109). When the motor (201) rotates, it can lift the counterweight (109).

3. The apparatus for drilling in hard rock formations according to claim 2, characterized in that: A support block (203) is fixedly connected to the right side of the disc (202). A first electric telescopic rod (204) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the support block (203). A rectangular block (205) is fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the first electric telescopic rod (204). A pawl (206) is fixedly connected to one side of the rectangular block (205). A ratchet (207) is fixedly connected to the left end of the round rod (106). Under the telescopic action of the first electric telescopic rod (204), the end of the pawl (206) can extend to the inside of the ratchet (207) and lock the ratchet (207).

4. The apparatus for drilling in hard rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: A potentiometer (306) is embedded on the inner right side of the circular tube (302), and a slider (305) that cooperates with the potentiometer (306) is embedded on the right side of the probe (303). The rising height of the probe (303) is obtained by obtaining the position of the slider (305) on the potentiometer (306).

5. The apparatus for drilling in hard rock formations according to claim 4, characterized in that: The damping component includes a fixed plate (307) fixedly sleeved inside the round tube (302). A spring (308) is fixedly connected between the fixed plate (307) and the probe (303). There is a gap between the top of the fixed plate (307) and the probe (303) and it is filled with hydraulic oil. There is also a gap between the fixed plate (307) and the inner side of the top of the round tube (302). A through hole (309) is opened on the top of the fixed plate (307). When the V-block (304) is pushed up, the hydraulic oil on the lower side of the fixed plate (307) will enter the upper side of the fixed plate (307) through the through hole (309). The magnitude of the upward resistance of the V-block (304) is determined by the diameter of the through hole (309).

6. The apparatus for drilling in hard rock formations according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the fixed plate (307) is fitted with two one-way valves (310) with outlets at the bottom. The one-way valves (310) can increase the reflux area and are used to achieve rapid reset of the V-block (304).

7. The apparatus for drilling in hard rock formations according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rectangular tube (102) has grooves on its top and bottom inner walls, and the trapezoidal block (103) has blocks fixedly connected to its top and bottom, with the blocks slidingly connected to the corresponding grooves.

8. The apparatus for drilling in hard rock formations according to claim 7, characterized in that: Two positioning rods (110) are fixedly connected between the top inner wall of the first cylinder (1) and the top of the drill cylinder (3). The top of the counterweight (109) is provided with a rectangular hole, and a ball is embedded on the side wall of the rectangular hole. The ball rolls in contact with the outer side of the positioning rod (110).

9. A method for drilling through hard rock formations, characterized in that, The steps of using the apparatus for drilling in hard rock formations as described in claim 1 are as follows: Step 1: When the drill barrel (3) encounters a hard rock layer, the centrifugal force generated by the reduced rotation speed of the rotating rod (4) decreases, causing the trapezoidal stop (103) to slide and no longer block the counterweight (109). The counterweight (109) accelerates downward and impacts the drill barrel (3). The drill teeth make a secondary impact on the hard rock and break the hard rock.

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