Physical simulation device for oil-gas migration

Abstract

The invention provides an oil-gas migration physical simulation device which comprises a carrying cylinder, and a sand layer is stored in the carrying cylinder; the carrying cylinder is rotationally installed on the workbench, a first driving mechanism is arranged on the workbench, and the carrying cylinder is a sealing mechanism or the carrying cylinder and the sand vibration crack-making assembly form the sealing mechanism; at least two sand vibrators are arranged on the sand vibrating and crack forming assembly; the sand vibrator is used for performing sand vibration work on different layered sand layers; the loading cylinder is communicated with an oil liquid pipe, the oil liquid pipe is used for inputting oil gas into the loading cylinder, and the oil gas enters a gap formed after the sand layer is vibrated by the sand vibration gap forming assembly and the two sand vibrators to achieve gas migration physical simulation; a sand layer is placed in the carrying cylinder, and sand layer seepage hole forming is achieved through the sand vibrating and crack forming assembly in cooperation with the rotation effect of the carrying cylinder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention pertains to hydrocarbon accumulation technology, and specifically relates to a physical simulation device for hydrocarbon migration. Background Technology

[0002] The study of hydrocarbon accumulation is of great significance for oil and gas exploration. A crucial topic in hydrocarbon accumulation research is the physical simulation of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation processes in different geological bodies under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions in the laboratory. There are two basic modes of hydrocarbon migration: infiltration and diffusion. In tight rock formations with poor porosity and permeability, diffusion flow is dominant, while in rock formations with better porosity and permeability, Darcy flow is dominant. However, current technologies struggle to control the pore size of experimental reservoirs during hydrocarbon migration simulations, making it difficult to accurately recreate the simulated morphology of hydrocarbon migration, resulting in generally poor experimental results and low accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the above problems, this invention proposes a physical simulation device for oil and gas migration, comprising a loading cylinder containing a sand layer.

[0004] The loading cylinder is rotatably mounted on the workbench, and the workbench is provided with a first driving mechanism. The first driving mechanism is used to drive the loading cylinder to rotate, thereby realizing the centrifugation of the sand layer.

[0005] A sand-vibrating and joint-making assembly is provided inside the loading cylinder. The loading cylinder is a sealing mechanism or the loading cylinder and the sand-vibrating and joint-making assembly together form a sealing mechanism.

[0006] The sand-vibrating joint-making assembly is equipped with at least two sand vibrators; the sand vibrators are used to vibrate different layers of sand.

[0007] The loading cylinder is connected to an oil pipe, which is used to input oil and gas into the loading cylinder. The oil and gas enter the gaps after the sand layer is vibrated by the sand-vibrating and gap-making assembly and the two sand vibrators to realize the physical simulation of gas migration.

[0008] Preferably, the vibratory sand forming assembly includes a positioning disc seat, which is sealed to the loading cylinder. At least one airflow pipe is distributed circumferentially on the positioning disc seat, and the airflow pipe passes through the positioning disc seat. The connection between the positioning disc seat and the airflow pipe is sealed.

[0009] Preferably, a connecting chamber is rotatably fitted above the positioning plate seat, and one end of the airflow pipe is connected to the connecting chamber.

[0010] Preferably, the vibratory sand generator includes a sealing bushing, which is fixed to the airflow pipe of the vibratory sand slit-forming assembly. A cavity is provided inside the sealing bushing, and a piston component is slidably installed inside the cavity.

[0011] The piston assembly is fixedly connected to the vibrating sleeve, which is slidably mounted on the outside of the airflow pipe; the airflow pipe is connected to the cavity through a port; the gas in the cavity compresses the piston assembly.

[0012] Preferably, the piston component includes an inner plug, which is slidably mounted in the cavity;

[0013] The inner plug is fixedly connected to the vibrating sleeve via a rod. An inner spring is installed on the rod of the inner plug. One end of the inner spring contacts the inner plug, and the other end contacts the limiting plate provided inside the sealing sleeve. The inner spring is used to reset the inner plug.

[0014] The sealing bushing also has multiple air pressure holes distributed circumferentially.

[0015] Preferably, the air pressure port is a one-way exhaust port.

[0016] Preferably, the workbench includes an outer frame, on which a mounting ring is fixed, and the loading cylinder is coaxially rotatably mounted within the mounting ring.

[0017] Preferably, the first drive mechanism includes a drive motor, which is fixedly mounted between two outer frames, and a gear is installed at the output end of the drive motor;

[0018] A transmission gear is fixedly installed below the loading cylinder, and the transmission gear meshes with the gear for transmission.

[0019] Preferably, a pressure adjustment device is provided inside the loading cylinder, and the pressure adjustment device is located in the middle of the plurality of sand vibrators. The pressure adjustment device can internally squeeze the sand layer at different depths.

[0020] Preferably, the pressure adjustment device includes a main mounting tube, which is vertically fixed below the adjustment seat of the loading cylinder. At least one set of radial crimpers is arranged along the axial direction of the main mounting tube, and the radial crimpers are slidably mounted on the main mounting tube. A second driving device is fixed inside the main mounting tube at each radial crimper, and the second driving device drives the radial crimpers to move outward along the radial direction of the main mounting tube.

[0021] Preferably, the second driving device includes a booster cylinder, and a push rod is slidably disposed inside the booster cylinder.

[0022] Each radial crimper is composed of multiple expansion members distributed circumferentially along the main mounting tube, and each expansion member is fixed with a wedge; the expansion members are slidably mounted on the main mounting tube.

[0023] One end of the push rod abuts against the wedge block.

[0024] Preferably, the contact surface between the push rod and the wedge is configured as an inclined surface.

[0025] Preferably, a diffusion structure is provided inside the loading cylinder. The diffusion structure is hollow and located outside the sand layer. The diffusion mechanism is used to achieve diffusion of the outer ring of the sand layer.

[0026] Preferably, the diffuser mechanism includes a transition ring frame, and at least one transmission rod is circumferentially distributed in the diffuser mechanism. One end of the transmission rod is connected to the transition ring frame, and the transmission rod is configured as a two-section telescopic structure. The other end of the transmission rod is hinged to an outer frame plate.

[0027] Preferably, the cross-section of the outer frame plate is arc-shaped, and adjacent outer frame plates are slidably connected to each other. The deflection of the expansion mechanism allows each outer frame plate to slide inward or outward accordingly.

[0028] Preferably, the diffuser mechanism is further provided with a waterproof membrane, which is located inside multiple outer frame plates.

[0029] 1. The physical simulation device for oil and gas migration of the present invention achieves the formation of seepage pores in the sand layer by placing a sand layer into a loading cylinder and using a sand vibration and pore-forming component in conjunction with the rotation of the loading cylinder.

[0030] 2. This invention prioritizes the formation of seepage pores in the sand layer using a sand-vibrating and joint-forming component, followed by internal pressure application using a pressure regulating device. This forms a sand layer resembling a dense rock layer. Subsequently, an oil pipe can transport oil and gas to the sand layer, and the migration of oil and gas can be observed. The test accuracy is high.

[0031] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the physical simulation device for oil and gas migration in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0034] Figure 2A schematic diagram of the sand-vibrating joint-forming assembly in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the installation positions of the vibrating sander and the airflow pipe in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0036] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the pressure regulating device in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0037] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the diffuser mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0038] In the diagram, 1-carrying cylinder; 11-outer frame; 12-mounting ring seat; 13-adjusting seat; 14-sliding guide rod; 15-transmission gear; 16-drive motor;

[0039] 2-Vibrating sand joint-forming assembly; 21-Positioning disc base; 22-Sealing end piece; 23-Connecting chamber; 24-Airflow pipe;

[0040] 3-Pressure adjustment device; 31-Main mounting pipe; 32-Expanding component; 33-Wedge block; 34-Pressure booster cylinder; 35-External pipe; 36-Push rod;

[0041] 4-Sand vibrator; 41-Sealed bushing; 42-Inner plug; 43-Vibrating sleeve; 44-Inner spring; 45-Limiting plate; 46-Port; 47-Air pressure hole; 48-Expanding rod;

[0042] 5-Diffuser mechanism; 51-Transmission rod; 52-Outer frame plate; 53-Geomembrane; 54-Transfer ring frame. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the physical simulation device for oil and gas migration in an embodiment of the present invention is shown; the physical simulation device for oil and gas migration includes a loading cylinder 1, which stores a layer of sand.

[0045] The loading cylinder 1 is rotatably mounted on the workbench, which is equipped with a first drive mechanism. The first drive mechanism is used to drive the loading cylinder 1 to rotate, thereby achieving centrifugal treatment of the sand layer. An oil pipe is coaxially connected to the loading cylinder 1 for inputting oil and gas. The oil and gas enter the gap after the sand layer is vibrated by the sand vibration and gap-making component 2 and two sand vibrators 4, thereby simulating the migration process and results of oil and gas under high temperature and high pressure.

[0046] Inside the loading cylinder 1, there is a sand vibrating and joint-making assembly 2. The loading cylinder 1 is a sealing mechanism, which can easily simulate the high temperature and high pressure environment below through sealing. A sliding guide rod 14 is provided at the upper end of the loading cylinder 1, and an adjustment seat 13 is slidably provided on the sliding guide rod 14. The adjustment seat 13 can slide up and down on the sliding guide rod 14.

[0047] In the above embodiments, another optional implementation is that the loading cylinder 1 and the vibrating sand forming assembly 2 form a sealing mechanism; the sealing facilitates the simulation of the high temperature and high pressure environment below; a sliding guide rod 14 is provided at the upper end of the positioning plate seat 21, and an adjusting seat 13 is slidably provided on the sliding guide rod 14, and the adjusting seat 13 can slide up and down on the sliding guide rod 14.

[0048] At least two sand vibrators 4 are provided on the sand vibrating joint forming component 2; the sand vibrators 4 are used to vibrate different layers of sand.

[0049] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the vibratory sand-forming joint assembly in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The vibratory sand-forming joint assembly 2 includes a positioning disc seat 21, which is sealed to the loading cylinder 1. At least one airflow pipe 24 is distributed circumferentially on the positioning disc seat 21, and the airflow pipe 24 penetrates the positioning disc seat 21. The connection between the positioning disc seat 21 and the airflow pipe 24 is sealed. The positioning disc seat 21 and the loading cylinder 1 form a sealed space, thereby facilitating the simulation of the high temperature and high pressure environment below.

[0050] In the above embodiments, another optional implementation is that a sealing end piece 22 is fixed below the positioning disk seat 21. The sealing end piece 22 seals the loading cylinder 1 with the positioning disk seat 21; the sealing end piece 22 seals the airflow pipe 24 with the positioning disk seat 21; by setting the sealing end piece 22, the sealing effect is improved, and the high temperature and high pressure state inside the loading cylinder 1 is guaranteed.

[0051] In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, a connecting chamber 23 is rotatably and sealed above the positioning disc base 21, and one end of the airflow pipe 24 is connected to the connecting chamber 23. The connecting chamber 23 can provide stable airflow or pulsed airflow.

[0052] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3A schematic diagram of the installation position of the vibrating sand device and the airflow pipe in an embodiment of the present invention is shown; the vibrating sand device 4 includes a sealing bushing 41, which is fixed on the airflow pipe 24 of the vibrating sand slit assembly 2. A cavity is provided inside the sealing bushing 41, and a piston component is slidably installed in the cavity; the piston component is fixedly connected to the vibrating sleeve 43, and the airflow pipe 24 is connected to the cavity through the port 46; the gas in the cavity compresses the piston component.

[0053] Specifically, an inner plug 42 is slidably installed inside the sealing bushing 41. The inner plug 42 is slidably connected to the airflow pipe 24. The airflow pipe 24 has a through port 46, which is connected to the sealing bushing 41. The through port 46 is connected to the space formed by the sealing bushing 41 and the inner plug 42 at the end away from the vibrating sleeve 43.

[0054] A vibrating sleeve 43 is slidably mounted on the outer side of the sealing bushing 41. The inner plug 42 is fixed to the vibrating sleeve 43. A limiting plate 45 is provided inside the sealing bushing 41. An inner spring 44 is provided between the inner plug 42 and the limiting plate 45. Multiple air pressure holes 47 are also circumferentially distributed on the sealing bushing 41. The air pressure holes 47 are located below the inner plug 42.

[0055] Specifically, airflow is discharged into each sealing sleeve 41 by airflow pipe 24. At this time, inner plug 42 pushes vibrating sleeve 43 to slide vertically until it passes over air pressure hole 47. At the same time, air pressure hole 47 quickly discharges airflow, while inner spring 44 controls inner plug 42 to slide back to its original position, thereby realizing axial reciprocating motion of vibrating sleeve 43; so as to internally vibrate sand layer.

[0056] In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, the air pressure hole 47 should be set as a one-way exhaust port; (that is, by setting a one-way valve) to prevent oil and gas from converging into the sealing bushing during subsequent oil and gas migration experiments.

[0057] In conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, the vibrating sleeve 43 is also circumferentially distributed with a plurality of expanding rods 48. The expanding rods 48 can increase the vibrating range of the sand, and the pulsed airflow can further enhance the displacement vibration intensity of the vibrating sleeve 43. At the same time, by injecting airflow into the sand layer, the internal pore size can be enhanced.

[0058] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the physical simulation device for oil and gas migration in an embodiment of the present invention is shown; the workbench includes an outer frame 11, and an mounting ring seat 12 is fixed on the outer frame 11. A loading cylinder 1 is coaxially rotatably mounted inside the mounting ring seat 12. The outer frame 11 is fixedly installed on the ground or other platform.

[0059] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the physical simulation device for oil and gas migration in an embodiment of the present invention is shown; the first driving mechanism includes a drive motor 16, which is fixedly installed between two external frames 11, and a gear is installed at the output end of the drive motor 16;

[0060] A transmission gear 15 is fixedly installed below the loading cylinder 1, and the transmission gear 15 meshes with the gear for transmission. The drive motor 16 drives the gear, which in turn drives the transmission gear 15 to rotate, which in turn drives the loading cylinder 1 to rotate, so that the sand layer can be centrifugally dispersed to achieve internal pore shaping.

[0061] In the above embodiments, another optional implementation is that the first driving mechanism includes a drive motor 16, the drive motor 16 is fixedly mounted on the workbench, and a first pulley is installed at the output end of the drive motor 16.

[0062] A second pulley is fixedly installed below the loading cylinder 1, and the first pulley and the second pulley are driven by a belt. The drive motor 16 drives the gear, which in turn drives the first pulley to rotate, which in turn drives the second pulley to rotate, thereby causing the loading cylinder 1 to rotate, so that the sand layer can be centrifugally dispersed and the internal pores can be shaped.

[0063] Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 The diagram shows the structure of the pressure adjustment device in an embodiment of the present invention. The pressure adjustment device 3 is provided inside the loading cylinder 1. The pressure adjustment device 3 is located in the middle of multiple sand vibrators 4. The pressure adjustment device 3 can internally squeeze the sand layer at different depths, further assisting in the formation of a dense rock layer simulation, thereby improving the accuracy of the experiment.

[0064] Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the pressure adjustment device in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The pressure adjustment device 3 includes a main mounting pipe 31, which is vertically fixed below the adjustment seat 13 of the loading cylinder 1. At least one set of radial pressers are arranged along the axial direction of the main mounting pipe 31, and the radial pressers are slidably mounted on the main mounting pipe 31. A second driving device is fixed inside the main mounting pipe 31 at each radial presser. The second driving device drives the radial presser to move outward along the radial direction of the main mounting pipe 31. The internal compression of the sand layer further assists in the formation of a dense rock layer to simulate the reduction, thereby improving the accuracy of the experiment.

[0065] In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, the second driving device includes a booster cylinder 34, and a push rod 36 is slidably disposed within the booster cylinder 34.

[0066] Each radial crimper is composed of multiple diffusers 32 distributed circumferentially along the main mounting tube 31. Each diffuser 32 is fixed with a wedge 33. Each diffuser 32 is slidably mounted on the main mounting tube 31 by a connecting spring. The connecting spring is used to reset the diffuser 32, thereby realizing reciprocating motion and reciprocating expansion.

[0067] One end of the push rod 36 abuts against the wedge block 33, and an outer pipe 35 is connected to the booster cylinder 34 for driving the booster cylinder 34.

[0068] In conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, the contact surface between the push rod 36 and the wedge block 33 is set as an inclined structure, that is, the push rod 36 can radially push the diffuser 23 out during the sliding displacement, thereby realizing the axial diffusion of the sand layer.

[0069] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the diffusion mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. A relatively rotatable diffusion structure 5 is provided inside the loading cylinder 1. The diffusion structure 5 is annular and located outside the sand layer. The diffusion mechanism 5 is used to realize the diffusion of the outer ring of the sand layer.

[0070] In conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, the diffuser mechanism 5 includes a transition ring frame 54, in which at least one deflectable transmission rod 51 is circumferentially distributed. One end of the transmission rod 51 is connected to the transition ring frame 54, and the transmission rod 51 is configured as a two-section telescopic structure. The other end of the transmission rod 51 is hinged to an outer frame plate 52.

[0071] In conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, the cross-section of the outer frame plate 52 is arc-shaped, and adjacent outer frame plates 52 are slidably connected to each other. The deflection of the transition ring frame 54 enables each outer frame plate 52 to slide inward or outward accordingly, thereby realizing the expansion and pressure of the outer ring of the sand layer, and working in conjunction with the pressure expansion component to improve the pressure application effect.

[0072] In accordance with this embodiment of the invention, the adapter ring frame 54 is further provided with an impermeable membrane 53, which is located inside the multiple outer frame plates 52. This prevents oil and gas from penetrating the sand layer and entering the adapter ring frame 54, thus preventing damage to the adapter ring frame 54.

[0073] In the process of using this invention, a sand layer is placed into the loading cylinder 1, reaching three-quarters of the cylinder's capacity. Simultaneously, the diffuser structure 5 is placed into the loading cylinder 1 during sand layer placement. During use, the sand-vibrating joint-forming assembly 2 and the sand vibrator 4 vibrate the sand layer in layers. Specifically, airflow is discharged into each sealing sleeve 41 through the airflow pipe 24. At this time, the inner plug 42 pushes the vibrating sleeve 43 to slide vertically until it passes the air pressure hole 47. Simultaneously, airflow is rapidly discharged from the air pressure hole 47, while the inner spring... The inner plug 42 is controlled to slide and reset, thereby realizing the axial reciprocating motion of the vibrating sleeve 43. The vibrating sleeve 43 drives the expanding rod 48 to internally vibrate the sand layer. At the same time, the loading cylinder 1 rotates under the drive of the drive motor 16, causing the sand layer to be centrifugally dispersed. Then, the pressure regulating device 3's booster cylinder 34 works, and the booster cylinder 34 drives one end of the push rod 36 to abut against the wedge block 33. The push rod 36 can radially push the diffuser 23 during the sliding displacement, thereby realizing the axial expansion of the sand layer. This allows static pressure to be applied to the sand layer to form a sand layer similar to a dense rock layer. Oil and gas can be transported to the sand layer through the oil pipe, and the oil and gas migration can be observed, thereby realizing an oil and gas migration simulation experiment.

[0074] The sand layer is first formed by the sand vibration and jointing component 2 to create seepage pores, and then the pressure adjustment device 3 applies internal pressure to form a sand layer similar to a dense rock layer. Then, the oil pipe can transport oil and gas to the sand layer and observe the movement of oil and gas. The test has high accuracy.

[0075] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A physical simulation device for oil and gas migration, characterized in that, Includes a container (1) containing a layer of sand; The loading cylinder (1) is rotatably mounted on the workbench, and the workbench is provided with a first driving mechanism. The first driving mechanism is used to drive the loading cylinder (1) to rotate, thereby realizing the centrifugation of the sand layer. A sand-vibrating joint-making assembly (2) is provided inside the loading cylinder (1). The loading cylinder (1) is a sealing mechanism or the loading cylinder (1) and the sand-vibrating joint-making assembly (2) form a sealing mechanism. The sand-vibrating joint-making assembly (2) is provided with at least two sand vibrators (4); the sand vibrators (4) are used to vibrate different layers of sand. The loading cylinder (1) is connected to an oil pipe, which is used to input oil and gas into the loading cylinder (1). The oil and gas enter the gap after the sand layer is vibrated by the sand-vibrating and gap-making assembly (2) and the two sand vibrators (4) to realize the physical simulation of gas transport.

2. The physical simulation device for oil and gas migration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibratory sand forming assembly (2) includes a positioning plate seat (21), which is sealed to the loading cylinder (1). At least one airflow pipe (24) is distributed circumferentially on the positioning plate seat (21), and the airflow pipe (24) passes through the positioning plate seat (21). The connection between the positioning plate seat (21) and the airflow pipe (24) is sealed.

3. The physical simulation device for oil and gas migration according to claim 2, characterized in that, A connecting chamber (23) is rotatably fitted above the positioning plate seat (21), and one end of the airflow pipe (24) is connected to the connecting chamber (23).

4. The physical simulation device for oil and gas migration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibratory sander (4) includes a sealing bushing (41), which is fixed on the airflow pipe (24) of the vibratory sander joint assembly (2). A cavity is provided inside the sealing bushing (41), and a piston component is slidably installed inside the cavity. The piston component is fixedly connected to the vibrating sleeve (43), and the vibrating sleeve (43) is slidably installed on the outside of the airflow pipe (24); the airflow pipe (24) is connected to the cavity through the port (46); the gas is compressed inside the cavity.

5. The physical simulation device for oil and gas migration according to claim 4, characterized in that, The piston component includes an inner plug (42) which is slidably mounted in the cavity; The inner plug (42) is fixedly connected to the vibrating sleeve (43) by a rod. An inner spring (44) is installed on the rod of the inner plug (42). One end of the inner spring (44) contacts the inner plug (42), and the other end contacts the limiting plate (45) provided inside the sealing bushing (41). The inner spring (44) is used to reset the inner plug (42). The sealing bushing (41) also has multiple air pressure holes (47) distributed circumferentially.

6. The physical simulation device for oil and gas migration according to claim 5, characterized in that, The air pressure port (47) is a one-way exhaust port.

7. The physical simulation device for oil and gas migration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workbench includes an outer frame (11), on which a mounting ring seat (12) is fixed, and the loading cylinder (1) is coaxially rotatably mounted inside the mounting ring seat (12).

8. The physical simulation device for oil and gas migration according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first driving mechanism includes a drive motor (16), which is fixedly installed between two outer frames (11), and a gear is installed at the output end of the drive motor (16); A transmission gear (15) is fixedly installed below the loading cylinder (1), and the transmission gear (15) meshes with the gear for transmission.

9. The physical simulation device for oil and gas migration according to claim 1, characterized in that, A pressure adjustment device (3) is provided inside the loading cylinder (1). The pressure adjustment device (3) is located in the middle of the plurality of sand vibrators (4). The pressure adjustment device (3) can internally squeeze the sand layer at different depths.

10. The physical simulation device for oil and gas migration according to claim 9, characterized in that, The pressure adjustment device (3) includes a main mounting tube (31), which is vertically fixed below the adjustment seat (13) of the loading cylinder (1). At least one set of radial crimpers is arranged along the axial direction of the main mounting tube (31), and the radial crimpers are slidably mounted on the main mounting tube (31). A second driving device is fixed inside the main mounting tube (31) at each radial crimper. The second driving device drives the radial crimpers to move outward along the radial direction of the main mounting tube (31).

11. The physical simulation device for oil and gas migration according to claim 10, characterized in that, The second driving device includes a booster cylinder (34), and a push rod (36) is slidably disposed inside the booster cylinder (3). Each radial crimper is composed of multiple expansion members (32) distributed circumferentially along the main mounting tube (31), and each expansion member (32) is fixed with a wedge (33); each expansion member (32) is slidably disposed on the main mounting tube (31); One end of the push rod (36) abuts against the wedge (33).

12. The physical simulation device for oil and gas migration according to claim 11, characterized in that, The contact surface between the push rod (36) and the wedge (33) is set as an inclined structure.

13. The physical simulation device for oil and gas migration according to claim 1, characterized in that, A diffuser structure (5) is provided inside the loading cylinder (1). The diffuser structure (5) is hollow and located outside the sand layer. The diffuser structure (5) is used to achieve diffuser on the outer ring of the sand layer.

14. The physical simulation device for oil and gas migration according to claim 13, characterized in that, The diffuser mechanism (5) includes a transition ring frame (54), and at least one transmission rod (51) is circumferentially distributed in the diffuser mechanism (5). One end of the transmission rod (51) is connected to the transition ring frame (54), and the transmission rod (51) is configured as a two-section telescopic structure. The other end of the transmission rod (51) is hinged to an outer frame plate (52).

15. The physical simulation device for oil and gas migration according to claim 14, characterized in that, The cross-section of the outer frame plate (52) is arc-shaped, and the adjacent outer frame plates (52) are slidably connected to each other. The deflection of the expansion mechanism (5) enables each outer frame plate (52) to slide inward or outward accordingly.

16. A physical simulation device for oil and gas migration according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, The diffuser mechanism (5) is also provided with a geomembrane (53), which is located inside multiple outer frame plates (52).

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