In-situ quantitative evaporation capacity monitoring device

Abstract

The invention provides an in-situ quantitative evaporation capacity monitoring device which comprises an evaporation container, a water storage container, a water body storage bag and a connecting pipe, the evaporation container is embedded underground, and the top of the evaporation container is flush with the ground surface; the water storage container is embedded underground, and a plurality of fine holes are formed in the water storage container; the fine holes penetrate through the container wall of the water storage container; the water body storage bag is arranged in the water storage container; one end of the connecting pipe is communicated with the evaporation container, and the other end of the connecting pipe penetrates through the water storage container and is communicated with the water body storage bag. In the application, the water body storage bag is communicated with the evaporation container through the connecting pipe, and the water body storage bag is completely submerged in the water storage container, so that the evaporation process in a natural state can be effectively simulated, and the evaporation capacity of the surface layer loose sediment underground water can be obtained by calculating the reduction of the water volume in the water body storage bag; and a plurality of pores are distributed on the water storage container, so that pore water in the water storage container is kept horizontal with external surface sediments all the time, and the monitoring precision and reliability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of evaporation monitoring technology, and more specifically, relates to an in-situ quantitative monitoring device for evaporation. Background Technology

[0002] Under normal circumstances, the evaporation of groundwater from loose sediments in coastal wetlands is a relatively slow process. However, over a relatively long period, the impact of evaporation on groundwater cannot be ignored. Studies have shown that evaporation from loose sediments plays a significant role in the distribution of surface salinity and groundwater flow fields in coastal wetlands. For example, long-term evaporation in coastal wetlands leads to soil salinization, changes in groundwater flow and solute transport direction, and variations in groundwater discharge and recharge. The evaporation coefficient is also a crucial parameter in current field collection, observation, and indoor numerical simulations, involving water exchange between the gas and liquid phases and the physical process of "water removal and salt retention." However, because evaporation in coastal wetlands is a long-term, continuous, and slow process, direct in-situ monitoring in the field is difficult. Most researchers utilize other meteorological data to obtain information on groundwater evaporation from loose sediments in the surface of coastal wetlands. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide an in-situ quantitative monitoring device for evaporation, so as to solve the problem that it is difficult to directly monitor the evaporation of groundwater in the loose sediments on the surface of coastal wetlands in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: An in-situ quantitative monitoring device for evaporation is provided, comprising an evaporation container, a water storage container, a water storage bag, and a connecting pipe. The evaporation container is embedded underground, and its top is flush with the ground surface. The water storage container is also embedded underground, and has multiple fine holes that penetrate the container wall. The water storage bag is disposed inside the water storage container. One end of the connecting pipe is connected to the evaporation container, and the other end of the connecting pipe passes through the water storage container and is connected to the water storage bag.

[0005] Furthermore, the evaporation container is filled from bottom to top with coarse sand and in-situ loose sediment.

[0006] Furthermore, the lower end of the side wall of the evaporation container is provided with a water outlet, which is connected to the connecting pipe; the opening height of the water outlet is lower than the filling height of the coarse sand.

[0007] Furthermore, the upper end of the water storage container has an opening, and a sealing cap is provided at the opening.

[0008] Furthermore, near the opening, the inner wall of the water storage container is provided with internal threads, and the sealing cap is provided with external threads, and the sealing cap is threadedly connected to the water storage container.

[0009] Furthermore, the outer surface of the water storage container is covered with a filter screen.

[0010] Furthermore, the filter screen is made of fine-mesh iron mesh.

[0011] Furthermore, multiple arrays of fine pores are distributed on the sidewalls and bottom of the water storage container.

[0012] Furthermore, a control valve is provided on the connecting pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, the connecting pipe is a flexible tube.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device provided in this application are as follows: Compared with the prior art, this application can realize in-situ quantitative monitoring of groundwater evaporation in loose sediments on the surface of coastal wetlands, and has the characteristics of simple operation and accurate data; the water storage bag and the evaporation container are connected by a connecting pipe, and the water storage bag is completely submerged in the water storage container, which can effectively simulate the evaporation process under natural conditions. The evaporation of groundwater in loose sediments on the surface can be obtained by calculating the reduction in water volume in the water storage bag; the multiple fine pores distributed on the water storage container ensure uniform water infiltration, so that the pore water inside the water storage container is always horizontal with the external surface sediments, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the in-situ quantitative monitoring evaporation device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the in-situ quantitative monitoring evaporation device provided in the embodiments of this application when it is in operation.

[0018] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:

[0019] 1-Evaporation container; 2-Connecting pipe; 3-Control valve; 4-Water storage bag; 5-Water storage container; 6-Sealing cap; 7-Ground surface; 8-In-situ loose sediment; 9-Coarse sand. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0021] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0022] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0023] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0024] Please refer to the following: Figure 1 and Figure 2 The in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device provided in this application embodiment will now be described. This in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device includes an evaporation container 1, a water storage container 5, a water storage bag 4, and a connecting pipe 2. The evaporation container 1 is embedded underground, and its top is flush with the ground surface 7. The water storage container 5 is also embedded underground and has multiple fine holes that penetrate the container wall. The water storage bag 4 is disposed inside the water storage container 5. One end of the connecting pipe 2 is connected to the evaporation container 1, and the other end of the connecting pipe 2 passes through the water storage container 5 and is connected to the water storage bag 4.

[0025] The in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device provided in this application embodiment, compared with the prior art, can realize in-situ quantitative monitoring of groundwater evaporation in loose sediments on the surface of coastal wetlands. It has the characteristics of simple operation and accurate data. The water storage bag 4 and the evaporation container 1 are connected by the connecting pipe 2, and the water storage bag 4 is completely submerged in the water storage container 5, which can effectively simulate the evaporation process under natural conditions. The evaporation of groundwater in the loose sediments on the surface can be obtained by calculating the reduction in water volume in the water storage bag 4. The multiple fine pores distributed on the water storage container 5 ensure uniform water infiltration, so that the pore water inside the water storage container 5 is always horizontal with the external surface sediments, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of monitoring.

[0026] In this embodiment, the volume of the water storage bag 4 can be set according to the evaporation rate that may occur on the surface of the evaporation container 1 over a certain period of time and the size of the water storage container 5. The water storage bag 4 can be made of plastic, and its volume fills the entire interior of the water storage container 5. However, when the water storage bag 4 is filled with pore water, it must be ensured that it is completely immersed in the water inside the water storage container 5, thereby ensuring that the total head value of the pore water inside and outside the water storage bag 4 is equal. The water storage bag 4 is the core component of this device. When evaporation causes the water level in the evaporation container 1 to drop, the water in the water storage bag 4 is automatically replenished to the evaporation container 1 under the action of pressure difference. At the same time, external pore water is synchronously replenished to the water storage container 5 through fine pores to maintain the balance of the internal and external water levels. Finally, the evaporation rate can be directly obtained by measuring the change in the water volume of the water storage bag 4, which is simple to operate. Since the water level of the entire water storage container 5 remains consistent with the ground surface 7 during the evaporation process, the evaporation rate cannot be accurately measured without the water storage bag 4.

[0027] In one embodiment of this application, please refer to Figure 2 The evaporation container 1 is filled with coarse sand 9 and in-situ loose sediment 8 from bottom to top.

[0028] In this embodiment, by filling the container with coarse sand 9 and in-situ loose sediment 8, the soil structure in the natural environment can be better simulated, thereby improving the accuracy of the monitoring results. This filling method of the evaporation container 1 helps to restore the actual state of the surface sediments in coastal wetlands. The addition of coarse sand 9 not only provides good support but also promotes the uniform distribution of moisture within the evaporation container 1. The use of in-situ loose sediment 8 further ensures the consistency between the experimental conditions and the natural environment, making the monitoring data more valuable. In addition, this layered design can effectively avoid measurement errors caused by differences in soil structure, thereby improving the overall reliability of the monitoring. In actual operation, the ratio of coarse sand 9 to in-situ loose sediment 8 can be adjusted according to specific geological conditions to achieve the best simulation effect.

[0029] In one embodiment of this application, the lower end of the side wall of the evaporation container 1 is provided with a water outlet, which is connected to the connecting pipe 2; for example Figure 2 As shown, the opening height of the water outlet is lower than the filling height of the coarse sand 9.

[0030] In this embodiment, the outlet is positioned below the height of the coarse sand 9, which can prevent the outlet from becoming blocked while ensuring that water can flow smoothly from the evaporation container 1 into the connecting pipe 2, thus enhancing the hydraulic connection between the evaporation container 1 and the water storage container 5.

[0031] In one embodiment of this application, the evaporation container 1 is made of plexiglass, a material known for its excellent transparency and corrosion resistance. This material selection not only facilitates observation of the container's interior but also effectively resists chemical corrosion from soil and moisture, extending the device's lifespan. Furthermore, plexiglass possesses high mechanical strength, enabling it to withstand certain external pressures and ensuring it is not easily damaged during installation, thereby guaranteeing the stability of the monitoring process and the reliability of the data.

[0032] Specifically, the evaporation container 1 is cylindrical, with a bottom diameter of 0.5 meters (different diameters, such as 0.3 meters or 1 meter, can also be set as needed), a height of 0.3 meters, and a container wall thickness of approximately 0.7 centimeters. The filling height of coarse sand 9 is 0.1 meters, and the filling height of in-situ loose sediment 8 is 0.2 meters.

[0033] Furthermore, during the actual installation process, special attention needs to be paid to the flushness of the evaporation container 1 with the ground surface 7. This not only helps reduce the interference of external factors on the monitoring results, but also ensures that the device is not affected by changes in the ground surface during long-term use.

[0034] In one embodiment of this application, please refer to the following: Figure 1 and Figure 2 The water storage container 5 has an opening at the top, and a sealing cap 6 is provided at the opening.

[0035] In this embodiment, by setting the sealing cover 6, external impurities (such as pollutants brought by high tide in coastal wetlands) can be effectively prevented from entering the water storage container 5, while abnormal evaporation of water is avoided, thereby ensuring the stability of the monitoring environment and the accuracy of the data. Opening the sealing cover 6 allows local pore water to be injected into the water storage container 5, and closing the sealing cover 6 can also prevent the evaporation of pore water inside the water storage container 5. The design of the sealing cover 6 also facilitates the periodic inspection and replacement of the water storage bag 4 inside the water storage container 5, ensuring the long-term reliability of the device.

[0036] In one embodiment of this application, near the opening, the inner wall of the water storage container 5 is provided with internal threads, and the sealing cap 6 is provided with external threads, and the sealing cap 6 is threadedly connected to the water storage container 5.

[0037] In this embodiment, the threaded connection ensures a tighter fit between the sealing cap 6 and the water storage container 5, effectively preventing loosening due to external vibrations or environmental changes. This design also enhances the device's durability, maintaining excellent sealing performance even under harsh natural conditions. Furthermore, the threaded structure facilitates quick installation and removal of the sealing cap 6 without the need for additional tools, simplifying the operation process and improving work efficiency. In practical applications, this design also reduces wear caused by frequent operation, extending the device's service life.

[0038] Specifically, the sealing cap 6 is made of plexiglass. This choice of plexiglass ensures both excellent transparency and corrosion resistance. This material characteristic allows users to directly observe the water condition inside the water storage container 5 and the condition of the water storage bag 4 when they need to check the inside, without frequently opening the sealing cap 6, further reducing potential interference from external factors on the monitoring environment. Moreover, the mechanical strength of plexiglass is sufficient to withstand various challenges in the complex environment of coastal wetlands, such as soil pressure and water flow impact, ensuring that the sealing cap 6 is not easily deformed or damaged during long-term use. This maintains the airtightness of the water storage container 5 and provides a solid guarantee for the stable operation of the entire evaporation monitoring device.

[0039] In one embodiment of this application, the outer surface of the water storage container 5 is covered with a filter screen.

[0040] In this embodiment, the filter screen can effectively block external impurities from entering the water storage container 5, avoiding clogging of the pores, while allowing water vapor to pass freely, ensuring that the hydraulic connection between the inside and outside of the water storage container 5 is maintained, thereby ensuring the purity of the water and the accuracy of the data during the monitoring process.

[0041] In one embodiment of this application, the filter screen is a fine-mesh iron mesh cloth.

[0042] In this embodiment, the fine-mesh iron mesh cloth possesses excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical strength, enabling it to withstand long-term use in complex environments such as coastal wetlands. Its dense mesh design effectively blocks external impurities, such as silt and plant debris, from entering the water storage container 5, while also ensuring free flow of water vapor, thereby maintaining the purity of the water and the reliability of the data during monitoring. Furthermore, the material properties of the iron mesh cloth allow it to maintain stable performance in humid environments, resisting rust and aging, further extending the filter's lifespan and reducing maintenance costs. This design demonstrates high practicality and economy in real-world applications, providing strong support for improving the overall performance of the evaporation monitoring device.

[0043] In one embodiment of this application, a plurality of fine pore arrays are distributed on the sidewalls and bottom of the water storage container 5. Please refer to the following: Figure 1 and Figure 2 The small circles on water storage container 5 are the fine holes. Figure 2 The gray portion on the medium-sized water storage container 5 indicates the local pore water body.

[0044] In this embodiment, the design of the fine-pore array effectively promotes the uniform distribution and flow of water, ensuring a more stable hydraulic connection between the inside of the water storage container 5 and the external environment. This keeps the water level in the water storage container 5 level with the ground surface 7, preventing measurement errors caused by the drop in water level after evaporation and ensuring accurate evaporation data. This distribution method not only improves the efficiency of water vapor exchange but also reduces data deviations caused by local water stagnation during monitoring.

[0045] In this embodiment, the water storage container 5 is made of plexiglass, a material known for its excellent transparency and corrosion resistance. This material not only facilitates observation of the container's interior but also effectively resists erosion from chemicals in the soil and water, extending the device's lifespan. Furthermore, plexiglass possesses high mechanical strength, enabling it to withstand certain external pressures and ensuring it is not easily damaged during installation, thus guaranteeing the stability of the monitoring process and the reliability of the data.

[0046] Specifically, the water storage container 5 is cylindrical, with a bottom diameter of 0.2 meters (different diameters can be set as needed, such as 0.15 meters, 0.4 meters, etc.), a height of 0.4 meters, and a container wall thickness of approximately 0.7 centimeters. After installation, the water storage container 5 needs to be filled with local pore water. The physicochemical properties of the water in the water storage container 5 are consistent with those of the pore water in the in-situ sediments, simulating the in-situ evaporation environment. At the same time, the initial water level inside the water storage container 5 should be kept horizontal with the surface 7 of the coastal wetland tidal flat, ensuring that the water level in the water storage container 5 is consistent with the groundwater level at the seepage surface of the gentle tidal flat.

[0047] Multiple fine pores are evenly distributed on the sidewalls and bottom of the water storage container 5. The diameter of the pores is 0.5 cm, the horizontal distance between the pores is about 1 cm, and the vertical distance between the pores is about 0.5 cm. This design can ensure the uniform penetration of water, so that the pore water inside the water storage container 5 is always horizontal with the external surface sediment, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of monitoring.

[0048] The water storage bag 4 and the evaporation container 1 are connected by a connecting pipe 2, and the water storage bag 4 is completely submerged in the water storage container 5. When evaporation occurs, the water level in the evaporation container 1 decreases, and the water storage bag 4 supplies water to the evaporation container 1. Simultaneously, external pore water can replenish water to the water storage container 5 through fine pores, ensuring that the water level in the water storage container 5 does not decrease as evaporation proceeds. Furthermore, since the inside and outside of the water storage container 5 are interconnected, the pore water inside the water storage container 5 remains level with the external surface sediment at all times. Therefore, tides do not affect this application, enabling more accurate monitoring of the evaporation rate at different times and improving monitoring precision.

[0049] In one embodiment of this application, please refer to the following: Figure 1 and Figure 2 A control valve 3 is installed on the connecting pipe 2.

[0050] In this embodiment, the supply of water from the water storage bag 4 to the evaporation container 1 can be controlled by the control valve 3. The timely opening and closing of the control valve 3 can also better calculate the amount of water reduction in the water storage bag 4 due to evaporation.

[0051] Specifically, the control valve 3 can be a water-stop clamp, which is easy to operate and has good sealing properties. By manually adjusting the opening and closing degree of the water-stop clamp, the flow of water can be precisely controlled, thereby achieving precise management of the water supply in the evaporation container 1. In addition, the water-stop clamp is made of corrosion-resistant engineering plastic, which can meet the needs of long-term underground installation or use in humid environments, ensuring the stable operation of the device in complex environments.

[0052] In one embodiment of this application, the connecting pipe 2 is a flexible hose.

[0053] In this embodiment, the hose possesses excellent flexibility and bendability, enabling it to adapt to complex installation environments and terrain conditions. It is made of high-strength, aging-resistant rubber or silicone material, ensuring it is not prone to cracking or deformation during long-term use. The hose has a diameter of approximately 0.6 cm and a length of approximately 1.0 meter. This design makes it more flexible in connecting the water storage bag 4 and the evaporation container 1, effectively avoiding connection problems caused by terrain undulations or device repositioning.

[0054] The in-situ quantitative monitoring device for evaporation provided in this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0055] (1) Wide range of applications: It can be used to monitor the evaporation of groundwater in the surface loose sediments of coastal wetlands, analyze the evaporation rate of surface groundwater in lacustrine sediments (arid areas), monitor the evaporation of surface groundwater in the loose sediments of riverbed areas (such as terraces and floodplains), and analyze the evaporation of groundwater in other surface sediments with low permeability.

[0056] (2) Calculation of Evaporation Rate: After the in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device is successfully installed in the field, control valve 3 needs to be closed in advance, and the water storage bag 4 needs to be removed and its original water volume measured. Then, control valve 3 is opened, and the in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device is allowed to monitor continuously for several days. After that, control valve 3 is closed, the water storage bag 4 is removed, and its water volume is measured. Subtracting the two water volumes gives the amount of groundwater evaporation from the loose surface sediments caused by evaporation during that period. The evaporation rate during the monitoring period is calculated using the obtained evaporation amount and the surface area of ​​the evaporation container.

[0057] (3) High data accuracy: The system minimizes sediment disturbance. After installation, the in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device is allowed to stand for a period before formal monitoring begins, ensuring the reliability of the collected data. It is important to note that the in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device needs to be tested using local pore water before installation to ensure its internal sealing. After installation, preliminary debugging is also required, filling the evaporation container with local pore water to ensure it is water-saturated and restores the loose sediment to its original state. The pore water level at the top of evaporation container 1 and in water storage container 5 must be kept horizontal. The decrease in water volume in water storage bag 4 represents the evaporation of groundwater from the surface of evaporation container 1. The in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device of this application is highly sensitive, requires few parameters for measurement, avoids other systematic errors, and ensures the accuracy of the acquired data.

[0058] (4) Easy to operate: The in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device of this application mainly includes an evaporation container 1, a water storage container 5, a connecting pipe 2, a water storage bag 4, a sealing cap 6, and a control valve 3. This in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device has a simple structure, is easy to operate, has low cost, and high monitoring accuracy, and can be used for continuous monitoring in the field.

[0059] Preparations before installation of the in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device provided in this application embodiment:

[0060] During low tide, several in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring devices are installed at different locations in the coastal wetland (supracoastal, intertidal, and subtidal zones). The local pore water in evaporation container 1, connecting pipe 2, and water storage bag 4 is interconnected, but the pore water in water storage bag 4 is separated from the pore water inside water storage container 5 through water storage bag 4. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 The in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device is connected, but not buried in the loose sediment. After the in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device is connected, it needs to be debugged using local pore water to ensure that the evaporation container 1 and the water storage bag 4 are sealed and leak-proof.

[0061] After the in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device is installed in loose sediments in the field, the water storage bag 4 does not need to be placed in the water storage container 5 immediately. Open the control valve 3 and sealing cap 6, and inject local pore water into the water storage container 5 to ensure that the water head at the top of the evaporation container 1 and the water storage container 5 are equal. Then close the control valve 3, connect one end of the connecting pipe 2 to the water storage bag 4, and then open the control valve 3 again to measure the evaporation rate. Additionally, if needed, a small weather station can be installed in the supratidal zone of the coastal wetland to measure air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed in real time. This measurement data can be used to calculate the surface evaporation rate to correct the accuracy of the in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device's measurement data.

[0062] The installation and monitoring process of the in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0063] (1) First, at the selected sediment location, use a manual drill or shovel to dig a pit for the installation of an in-situ quantitative monitoring device for evaporation. The pit depth should be greater than or equal to the height of the evaporation container 1, and the pit range should be slightly larger than the sum of the volumes of the evaporation container 1 and the water storage container 5.

[0064] (2) Fill the bottom of the evaporation container 1 with coarse sand 9 evenly, with a thickness of about one-third of the height of the evaporation container 1. Then, use in-situ seepage water to wet the coarse sand 9 in the evaporation container 1, so that the coarse sand 9 is in a near-saturated state. Place the in-situ quantitative monitoring device for evaporation into the pit, keeping the in-situ quantitative monitoring device at the same level as the surface 7 of the entire tidal flat, especially the top of the evaporation container 1 at the same level as the tidal flat. Then, fill the upper layer inside the evaporation container 1 with the previously excavated in-situ loose sediment 8. The thickness of the in-situ loose sediment 8 is two-thirds of the height of the evaporation container 1. The top of the evaporation container 1 still needs to be level with the surface 7 of the surrounding intertidal seepage surface to simulate the evaporation process of groundwater in the in-situ loose sediment 8.

[0065] (3) A filter screen can be used to wrap the water storage container 5 (only the part of the water storage container 5 buried underground can be wrapped), and then tied tightly with cable ties. Then, it is placed into the dug installation pit, keeping the bottoms of the evaporation container 1 and the water storage container 5 level. Connect the evaporation container 1 and the water storage container 5 with a connecting pipe 2. One end of the connecting pipe 2 is connected to the lower outlet of the evaporation container 1, and the other end is inserted into the water storage bag 4 inside the water storage container 5 and the control valve 3 is closed to prevent the installation silt from entering the connecting pipe 2 and clogging it. Fill the outside of the evaporation container 1 and the water storage container 5 with in-situ sediment to ensure the stability of the in-situ quantitative monitoring device for evaporation.

[0066] (4) After the in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device is fully installed, inject an appropriate amount of local pore water into the water storage container 5 and open the control valve 3. This is to remove any air bubbles that may be present in the connecting pipe 2, and to ensure that the coarse sand 9 at the bottom of the evaporation container 1 and the in-situ loose sediment 8 on top are both saturated with local pore water. Then, close the control valve 3 and connect the water storage bag 4, whose water volume has been measured, to the connecting pipe 2. After opening the control valve 3, cover the water storage container 5 with the sealing cap 6 to prevent the local pore water in the water storage container 5 from evaporating. Start the evaporation timing. Note that when starting the evaporation measurement, the in-situ loose sediment 8 in the evaporation container 1 and the pore water in the water storage container 5 must be kept horizontal with the surface 7 of the gentle tidal flat.

[0067] (5) To ensure safety during fieldwork, the above installation and operation processes are all carried out during low tide and when the surface of the coastal wetland is exposed. During high tide, the in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device is submerged, meaning no evaporation occurs. The submerged period of the device needs to be recorded to ensure the accuracy of the final evaporation rate calculation. Since the inside and outside of the water storage container 5 are connected, and the internal pore water is always level with the external surface sediment, high and low tides have no impact on this application, meaning that the evaporation rate can be monitored more accurately in different time periods. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the changes in the water volume in the water storage bag 4. If the water volume in the water storage bag 4 decreases too quickly due to strong evaporation, it is necessary to replenish the water in time and make corresponding records. Due to the special nature of the actual situation (high and low tides) in the coastal wetland field, the evaporation timing is stopped during high tide (since there is no evaporation during the submerged stage, timing is no longer performed). After low tide, when the device is exposed above the water surface, a new evaporation period timing begins. This is repeated for several tidal cycles.

[0068] (6) After the evaporation process has gone through several tidal cycles and reached a certain monitoring time requirement, the water storage bag 4 in the water storage container 5 is taken out and the water volume in the water storage bag 4 is measured. If the result is not satisfactory, a certain amount of water can be put into the water storage bag 4 and placed into the water storage container 5 for re-measurement of the evaporation amount until the result is satisfactory.

[0069] The disassembly of the in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device provided in this application embodiment is as follows: After obtaining the water volume in the water storage bag 4 before and after multiple sets of measurements and their corresponding evaporation time periods, clean the in-situ loose sediment 8 on the upper part of the in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device and the coarse sand 9 at the bottom, and disassemble each component of the in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device, wash each component with clean water, and dry it for later use.

[0070] Calculation of evaporation rate in the in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device provided in this application embodiment:

[0071] Since the reduction in water volume in water storage bag 4 represents the evaporation rate of groundwater in the in-situ loose sediment 8 within evaporation container 1, the evaporation rate of groundwater in the surface loose sediment can be calculated using the obtained evaporation rate, the surface area of ​​evaporation container 1, and the corresponding recorded evaporation time period. Alternatively, the evaporation rate measured in the field can be compared with the evaporation rate calculated using temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity.

[0072] During the use of the in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device provided in this application embodiment, it is worth noting that:

[0073] (1) Since evaporation is a slow process, it is recommended to measure multiple tidal cycles to obtain the average value and remove the data from the first few tidal cycles.

[0074] (2) The outer wall of the water storage container 5 needs to be wrapped with a filter screen to prevent some silt or animals from entering the device through the fine holes and affecting the measurement results.

[0075] (3) After the in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device is installed on the surface, the water storage bag 4 is not connected to the connecting pipe 2 beforehand, and the control valve 3 is in the open state. When the evaporation container 1 is filled with local pore water and reaches saturation, the control valve 3 is closed. Then, the water storage bag 4 is connected to the connecting pipe 2 and the control valve 3 is opened. The in-situ quantitative evaporation monitoring device then starts operating, and the evaporation rate and evaporation time in the field are monitored. This is to better restore the in-situ state of loose sediments in the field and ensure the accuracy of the data obtained.

[0076] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An in-situ quantitative monitoring device for evaporation, characterized in that, include: An evaporation container, which is embedded in the ground and whose top is flush with the ground surface; A water storage container, which is embedded underground, has multiple fine holes on it; the fine holes penetrate the container wall. A water storage bag is disposed inside the water storage container; A connecting pipe, one end of which is connected to the evaporation container, and the other end of which passes through the water storage container and is connected to the water storage bag.

2. The in-situ quantitative monitoring device for evaporation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The evaporation container is filled with coarse sand and in-situ loose sediment from bottom to top.

3. The in-situ quantitative monitoring device for evaporation as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The lower end of the side wall of the evaporation container is provided with a water outlet, which is connected to the connecting pipe; the opening height of the water outlet is lower than the filling height of the coarse sand.

4. The in-situ quantitative monitoring device for evaporation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water storage container has an opening at the top, and a sealing cap is provided at the opening.

5. The in-situ quantitative monitoring device for evaporation as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Near the opening, the inner wall of the water storage container is provided with internal threads, and the sealing cap is provided with external threads. The sealing cap is threadedly connected to the water storage container.

6. The in-situ quantitative monitoring device for evaporation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water storage container is covered with a filter screen.

7. The in-situ quantitative monitoring device for evaporation as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The filter screen is made of fine mesh iron gauze.

8. The in-situ quantitative monitoring device for evaporation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple arrays of fine pores are distributed on the sidewalls and bottom of the water storage container.

9. The in-situ quantitative monitoring device for evaporation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting pipe is equipped with a control valve.

10. The in-situ quantitative monitoring device for evaporation as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The connecting pipe is a flexible hose.

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