Multi-mode water cup temperature control method and system based on semiconductor

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-mode water cup temperature control method and system based on a semiconductor, in particular to the technical field of temperature regulation, and the method comprises the steps that the water body temperature and the target temperature are read; confirming a temperature interval based on the target temperature; pID temperature control is carried out according to the difference relation between the water body temperature and the temperature interval, the heating accumulated duration is recorded, and the water body temperature is continuously monitored and updated in the PID temperature control; when the difference between the water body temperature and the target temperature is smaller than a preset temperature difference threshold value, a lamp control command is sent to a lamp control model according to the heating accumulated duration, the lamp control command is used for triggering the lamp control model to control an indicator lamp to change, and the changed indicator lamp is used for prompting a user to shake the cup body. The rapid heating mode is adopted when the temperature is far away from the target, the water temperature is rapidly increased, the situation that output is limited or response is insufficient when PID errors are large is avoided, the heating time is shortened, and the efficiency is improved. When the temperature is close to the target, PID accurate temperature control is switched, errors are dynamically adjusted, the temperature is stabilized, and steady-state errors are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of temperature regulation technology, specifically to a semiconductor-based multi-mode water cup temperature control method and system. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of portable devices, people's needs for beverage temperature management have evolved from simply keeping drinks warm to precise temperature control. Traditional temperature-controlled cups mostly use resistance wire heating, which has inherent drawbacks such as bulkiness, high energy consumption, and slow response speed. Thermoelectric cooler (TEC) technology based on the Peltier effect, due to its compact structure and bidirectional heating and cooling characteristics, is gradually becoming the preferred temperature control method for miniaturized temperature control devices. This technology achieves heating / cooling mode switching by adjusting the direction of direct current, and, in conjunction with a temperature sensor, constructs a closed-loop control system, theoretically achieving precise temperature control.

[0003] However, existing solutions still face some challenges in dynamic temperature control, such as the nonlinear characteristics of thermoelectric systems. First, the Peltier effect, accompanied by Joule heating and Fourier heat conduction, creates a complex thermodynamic coupling, making traditional PID control difficult to adapt to load changes. Second, the thermal inertia of the non-uniform medium in the water cup causes a temperature hysteresis effect. Therefore, a temperature control method suitable for semiconductor heating of water cups is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a semiconductor-based multi-mode water cup temperature control method and system. To achieve this objective, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a semiconductor-based multi-mode water cup temperature control method, the method comprising:

[0006] Read the water temperature and target temperature;

[0007] The temperature range is determined based on the target temperature;

[0008] PID temperature control is performed based on the difference between the water temperature and the temperature range, and the cumulative heating time is recorded. The water temperature is continuously monitored and updated in the PID temperature control.

[0009] When the difference between the water temperature and the target temperature is less than a preset temperature difference threshold, a lighting control command is sent to the lighting control model according to the cumulative heating time. The lighting control command is used to trigger the lighting control model to control the indicator light to change. The changed indicator light is used to prompt the user to shake the cup.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, determining the temperature range based on the target temperature includes:

[0011] The temperature offset is calculated based on the target temperature and the preset offset calculation function, and the offset calculation function exhibits a unimodal trend.

[0012] The endpoint values ​​of the temperature range are calculated based on the target temperature and the temperature offset, and the other endpoint value of the temperature range is calculated based on the target temperature and the preset offset.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, PID temperature control is performed based on the difference between the water temperature and the temperature range, including:

[0014] Read and store the current water temperature;

[0015] Based on the current water temperature and the temperature range, it is determined whether there is a temperature difference at the current moment. If there is a temperature difference, the heating power of the cup is controlled by a first temperature increase in accordance with the change in water temperature. If there is no temperature difference, the heating power of the cup is controlled by a second temperature increase in accordance with the temperature difference. In the first temperature increase control, the heating power decreases as the water temperature increases. In the second temperature increase control, the PID control coefficient decreases as the cumulative heating time increases.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the first temperature control includes:

[0017] The temperature difference coefficient at the current moment is calculated based on the current water temperature, the initial water temperature, and the lower limit of the temperature range. The initial water temperature is the water temperature obtained for the first time.

[0018] The power coefficient at the current moment is calculated using a function based on the temperature difference coefficient and the preset power coefficient at the current moment.

[0019] The rate of temperature change at the current moment is obtained based on at least two stored water body temperatures;

[0020] The heating correction factor at the current moment is calculated by a function based on the current temperature change rate and the preset heating correction factor.

[0021] The heating power at the current moment is controlled based on the power coefficient, the heating correction factor, and the preset heating power.

[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the second temperature control includes:

[0023] Based on the current water temperature, read the PID control parameter group from the preset data dictionary. The temperature corresponding to the PID control parameter group is greater than or equal to the water temperature, and the difference between the temperature corresponding to the PID control parameter group and the water temperature is less than a threshold.

[0024] The heating control power is calculated based on the PID control parameter set.

[0025] The rate of temperature change is obtained based on the stored temperatures of at least two water bodies;

[0026] The heating correction factor is calculated using a function based on the temperature change rate and the preset heating correction factor.

[0027] The absolute value of the temperature difference is calculated based on the current water temperature and the target temperature.

[0028] The temperature decay coefficient is calculated based on the absolute value of the temperature difference.

[0029] The time decay factor at the current moment is calculated using a function based on the cumulative heating time, the temperature decay coefficient, and the preset time correction factor at the current moment.

[0030] The heating control power is corrected and calculated based on the time decay factor and the heating correction factor, and the heating power at the current moment is controlled based on the result of the correction calculation.

[0031] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the lighting control model controls the indicator lights to change, including:

[0032] Read the stored temperatures of at least two water bodies to obtain temperature change curves;

[0033] The average rate of temperature change is calculated based on the temperature change curve.

[0034] The shaking intensity coefficient is calculated based on the target temperature and the average rate of temperature change.

[0035] The indicator light breathing control function is calculated based on the shaking intensity coefficient, and the indicator light breathing control function controls the indicator light to change.

[0036] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one possible implementation, the average rate of temperature change is calculated based on the temperature change curve, including:

[0037] The temperature change curve is smoothed to obtain a temperature curve;

[0038] The temperature curvature curve is obtained by differentiating the temperature curve.

[0039] The maximum value point is obtained by iterating through each data point on the temperature curvature curve;

[0040] Extract the water temperature corresponding to several adjacent data points before and after the maximum value point in the time series, and calculate the average rate of temperature change by averaging.

[0041] Secondly, this application also provides a semiconductor-based multi-mode water cup temperature control system, including:

[0042] Temperature reading module, used to read water temperature and target temperature;

[0043] The interval calculation module is used to determine the temperature interval based on the target temperature.

[0044] The temperature control module is used to perform PID temperature control based on the difference between the water temperature and the temperature range and to record the cumulative heating time. The PID temperature control continuously monitors and updates the water temperature.

[0045] The prompting module is used to send a lighting control command to the lighting control model according to the cumulative heating time when the difference between the water temperature and the target temperature is less than a preset temperature difference threshold. The lighting control command is used to trigger the lighting control model to control the indicator light to change, and the changed indicator light is used to prompt the user to shake the cup.

[0046] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one possible implementation,

[0047] The average rate of temperature change is calculated based on the temperature change curve, including:

[0048] The data reading module is used to read the temperature change curves of at least two stored water bodies.

[0049] The first calculation module is used to calculate the average rate of temperature change based on the temperature change curve.

[0050] The second calculation module is used to calculate the shaking intensity coefficient based on the target temperature and the average rate of temperature change.

[0051] The function calculation module is used to calculate the indicator light breathing control function based on the shaking intensity coefficient, and the indicator light breathing control function controls the indicator light to change.

[0052] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one possible implementation,

[0053] The first computing module includes:

[0054] A smoothing module is used to smooth the temperature change curve to obtain a temperature curve;

[0055] The derivative module is used to perform derivative calculations on the temperature curve to obtain the temperature curvature curve;

[0056] The filtering module is used to iterate through each data point on the temperature curvature curve to filter and obtain the maximum value point.

[0057] The comprehensive calculation module is used to extract the water temperature corresponding to several adjacent data points before and after the maximum value point in time series, and to calculate the average rate of temperature change.

[0058] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0059] This invention employs a rapid heating mode when the water temperature is far from the target temperature, quickly raising the water temperature and avoiding the output limitations or insufficient response issues that may occur with PID control when the error is large. This significantly shortens the overall heating time and improves user efficiency. Simultaneously, when the temperature approaches the target, it switches to a PID precise temperature control mode. The PID controller dynamically adjusts the error, effectively stabilizing the temperature near the target value, reducing or eliminating steady-state error, and ensuring the water temperature meets the user's precise requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0060] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0061] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a semiconductor-based multi-mode water cup temperature control method provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating step S3 provided in one embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first temperature rise control process provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second temperature control process provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating step S4 provided in one embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the semiconductor-based multi-mode water cup temperature control system described in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0067] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation, structure, features, and effects of a semiconductor-based multi-mode water cup temperature control method and system proposed according to the present invention. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0068] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0069] Example 1:

[0070] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details a specific scheme for a semiconductor-based multi-mode water cup temperature control method provided by the present invention.

[0071] Please see Figure 1 This diagram illustrates a flowchart of a semiconductor-based multi-mode water cup temperature control method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, this embodiment includes steps S1-S4.

[0072] S1. Read the water temperature and target temperature.

[0073] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the water temperature is obtained through a temperature sensor located in the central area of ​​the bottom of the cup, in close contact with the heat-conducting metal base. This sensor collects water temperature changes at a frequency of 1Hz. Regarding the target temperature setting mechanism, the following paths can be implemented: The first path involves the user visually setting the temperature using physical buttons (including ±1℃ fine-tuning keys) or a stepless knob on the side of the cup in conjunction with the OLED digital display screen. The parameter takes effect immediately after touch confirmation. The second path involves setting the target temperature via interactive tools such as a smartphone or smartwatch, and sending the instruction data packet to the ARM architecture logic processing unit built into the cup via Bluetooth 5.0 or Wi-Fi Direct wireless transmission protocol. The firmware development of the wireless communication module and the human-computer interaction interface design involved are existing technologies and will not be elaborated upon in this embodiment.

[0074] S2. Based on the target temperature, the temperature range is determined.

[0075] Regarding the method for confirming the temperature range mentioned in this embodiment, those skilled in the art can use a table lookup method or a functional method to confirm the temperature range.

[0076] Specifically, in this embodiment, the calculation is performed using a functional approach. That is, it includes steps S21 and S22.

[0077] S21. The temperature offset is calculated based on the target temperature and the preset offset calculation function, and the offset calculation function has a unimodal trend.

[0078] The offset calculation function is expressed in quadratic function form:

[0079]

[0080] Among them, T target Indicates the target temperature. a represents the curvature coefficient. b represents the baseline correction amount. T default This indicates the preset reference critical temperature. T zone_start This indicates the lower limit of the target temperature when calculating the temperature offset. T zone_end This indicates the upper limit of the target temperature when calculating the temperature offset.

[0081] S22. Calculate the endpoint values ​​of the temperature range based on the target temperature and the temperature offset, and calculate the other endpoint value of the temperature range based on the target temperature and the preset offset.

[0082] In this embodiment, it is considered that users are more sensitive to temperature when directly drinking heated water. Heating to 45℃ brings the water temperature close to the human oral tolerance threshold, providing a good drinking experience. However, overheating (exceeding 45℃) or underheating (below 43℃) will result in a noticeable burning or astringent sensation when drinking. Therefore, in this embodiment, the temperature range at 45℃ is automatically narrowed to [T]. target -2,T target +T tep Within the range, where T tep This is the preset offset (0.5℃ is recommended).

[0083] Meanwhile, for higher temperatures (such as 85℃ for brewing coffee) and lower temperatures (such as 37℃ for brewing probiotics), which are typically the temperatures required for beverages, the focus is more on basic functionality. Generally, meeting a threshold ±5℃ is sufficient, with lower requirements for temperature accuracy. Therefore, in this embodiment, the higher and lower temperatures are extended to a temperature range of [T]. target -5,T target +T tep It should be noted that the high temperature mentioned in this embodiment is greater than T. zone_end Temperature values, lower temperatures are those less than T. zone_start Temperature value.

[0084] That is, based on the above analysis, T will be used in this example.default The temperature is 45℃. a is 0.0048. b is 5. T zone_start It is 25℃. zone_end The temperature is 75°C. Those skilled in the art can set the above parameters to other values ​​according to actual needs; this embodiment does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0085] S3. Perform PID temperature control based on the difference between the water temperature and the temperature range, and record the heating time. The PID temperature control continuously monitors and updates the water temperature.

[0086] To further clarify the PID temperature control process in this embodiment, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 The figure shows that step S3 in this embodiment includes steps S31-S32.

[0087] S31. Read the current water temperature and store it.

[0088] S32. Based on the current water temperature and the temperature range, determine whether a temperature difference exists at the current moment. If a temperature difference exists, perform a first temperature increase control on the heating power of the water cup according to the change in water temperature. If no temperature difference exists, perform a second temperature increase control on the heating power of the water cup according to the temperature difference. In the first temperature increase control, the heating power decreases as the water temperature increases. In the second temperature increase control, the PID control coefficient decreases as the cumulative heating time increases.

[0089] In this implementation, it was considered that the water temperature should be raised with a larger heating power first outside the temperature range. However, considering that the heating area is at the bottom of the cup, and the water temperature collection area is also located at the bottom of the cup, the collected water temperature not only has a lag, but is also subject to measurement errors due to the unevenness of the water at low and medium temperatures. Furthermore, the viscosity, density, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity of water all change significantly with temperature. In particular, the viscosity is only 0.3565 mPa·s at 80℃, a decrease of 64.7% compared to 1.002 mPa·s at 20℃. The decrease in viscosity enhances the water's convection capacity, increasing heat exchange efficiency by approximately 40%. Moreover, at low temperatures, water convection is relatively weak (Reynolds number Re < 2000), and the upward transfer of heat from the bottom heating area may rely more on heat conduction, resulting in a larger temperature gradient. This temperature difference between the bottom and top of the cup may be more significant depending on the cup's height. As the temperature rises, especially near the boiling point, convection becomes very strong (Re > 10000), allowing the heated water to mix more effectively. The proportion of thermal convection increases to over 85%, significantly reducing the temperature difference. However, in the actual application environment of this embodiment, the number of times the 45°C heating model or temperatures near 45°C are used is relatively higher than at other temperatures. Therefore, in this embodiment, to reduce the possibility of overshoot, the heating power should decrease as the temperature difference decreases, even outside the temperature range. Those skilled in the art can use an exponential decay function to output the preset heating power (set to 800W), reducing it by 15% every 30 seconds. This non-linear adjustment mechanism effectively prevents the temperature from exceeding the target temperature after heating. Simultaneously, within the temperature range, the PID parameter tuning temperature may not be the target temperature. Therefore, to prevent overshoot or repeated oscillations, in this embodiment, the heating power is reduced based on the cumulative heating time.

[0090] Specifically, see Figure 3 The first temperature control in the figure includes steps A1-A5.

[0091] A1. The temperature difference coefficient at the current moment is calculated based on the current water temperature, the initial water temperature, and the lower limit of the temperature range. The initial water temperature is the water temperature obtained for the first time.

[0092] In this embodiment, the formula for calculating the temperature difference coefficient is as follows:

[0093]

[0094] Where δ represents the temperature difference coefficient at the current moment. current This represents the current water temperature. T initial Indicates the initial water temperature. T target Indicates the target temperature. f(T) target) indicates the offset calculated based on the target temperature.

[0095] In the above calculation function, T target -f(T target () indicates the lower limit of the heating range. T target -f(T target )-T current This represents the temperature difference between the current water temperature and the temperature range. target -f(T target )-T initial This represents the temperature difference between the initial water temperature and the temperature range. Comparing these two temperature differences in this step effectively reflects the degree of water temperature change.

[0096] A2. The power coefficient at the current moment is calculated using a function based on the temperature difference coefficient and the preset power coefficient at the current moment.

[0097] Specifically, in this embodiment, the preset power coefficient calculation function is as follows:

[0098]

[0099] Where M represents the power coefficient at the current moment. min M represents the minimum power factor. max δ represents the maximum power factor. ω represents the temperature difference factor. p1 represents the first power factor parameter. p2 represents the second power factor parameter.

[0100] In the above preset power coefficient calculation function, 0 < ω < 1, its control... and The proportion of the decrease in power coefficient. In this embodiment, both p1 and p2 are greater than 0, representing the steep change relationship of the power coefficient with the temperature difference coefficient. Specifically, in this embodiment, p1>1>p2 is preferred. When the temperature difference coefficient approaches the temperature range, p1 dominates. The term will exhibit a gradual and relatively slow decay characteristic, while p2-dominated The term exhibits a relatively rapid decay characteristic. That is, when the temperature difference coefficient is close to 1, the heating power maintains a slow decrease in the power coefficient, ensuring stable heating of the system. When it approaches 0, the power coefficient converges, effectively suppressing thermal shock effects, and the nonlinear characteristics precisely match the dynamic response requirements of the thermodynamic system. Meanwhile, regarding M in this step... max Those skilled in the art can set these parameters according to the actual situation. ω, p1, and p2 can be calibrated through experiments. The specific data depend on the thermal conductivity of the water and the semiconductor heating device at the bottom. In this embodiment, no specific limits are imposed on their specific values.

[0101] A3. Obtain the rate of temperature change at the current moment based on at least two stored water body temperatures.

[0102] It should be noted that the temperature change rate mentioned in this step can be calculated by those skilled in the art by taking the temperature difference between two water bodies collected at 1-second intervals and calculating the rate of change based on the collection interval. Other calculation methods can also be used by those skilled in the art. This embodiment does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0103] A4. The heating correction factor at the current moment is calculated using a function based on the current temperature change rate and the preset heating correction factor.

[0104] Specifically, the heating correction factor calculation function in this step is as follows:

[0105] F v =1+A v *tanh(k v *(v target -v current ))

[0106] Among them, F v This indicates that the heating correction factor is calculated based on the rate of temperature change at the current moment. A v This represents the maximum correction magnitude of the heating correction factor. tanh() represents the hyperbolic tangent function. k v This represents the temperature change sensitivity factor that indicates the heating correction factor. target This represents the expected rate of change in heating due to the heating correction factor. current This represents the rate of temperature change at the current moment.

[0107] In the above calculation function, when there is a lot of water in the cup, the rate of temperature change will be lower than the expected rate of temperature change based on the preset heating correction factor. In this case, F is calculated. v It will be greater than 1. Similarly, when there is little water in the cup, the rate of temperature change will be much higher than the expected rate of temperature change of the preset heating correction factor. In this case, the calculated F... v It will be less than 1, increasing the rate of decrease in heating power over time. Also, regarding v in this step... target Those skilled in the art can calculate this by heating the water according to the recommended heating water quality and collecting relevant data. Regarding A... v and k v It can be obtained through experimental calibration, and no specific restrictions are imposed on its specific value in this embodiment.

[0108] A5. Control the heating power at the current moment based on the power coefficient, the heating correction factor, and the preset heating power.

[0109] Specifically, the function for calculating the heating power at the current moment in this step is:

[0110] W = F v *M*W default ,T current <T target -f(T target )

[0111] Where W is the heating power at the current moment. F v This represents the heating correction factor calculated based on the current rate of temperature change. M represents the power coefficient at the current moment. W default This is the preset heating power. (T) current This represents the current water temperature. T target Indicates the target temperature. f(T) target ) indicates the offset calculated based on the target temperature.

[0112] That is, in this step, the heating power at the current moment is calculated based on the heating correction factor and power coefficient obtained by dynamic calculation, and heating is carried out to realize the first temperature rise control process.

[0113] In the initial temperature control process, this embodiment considers that when heating outside the temperature range, due to the non-uniform distribution of the heat transfer medium and the heat capacity effect of the equipment casing, the temperature sensor readings exhibit a lag, resulting in the bottom temperature changing faster than the overall average temperature. Therefore, this embodiment optimizes the heating process outside the temperature range by incorporating the rate of temperature change.

[0114] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, this embodiment is illustrated by taking one of the moments in the second temperature control as an example. See Figure 4 for details. The figure shows that the second temperature control includes steps B1-B8.

[0115] B1. Based on the current water temperature, read the PID control parameter group from the preset data dictionary. The temperature corresponding to the PID control parameter group is greater than or equal to the water temperature, and the difference between the temperature corresponding to the PID control parameter group and the water temperature is less than a threshold.

[0116] The preset data dictionary mentioned in this step serves to store P, I, and D control parameters corresponding to multiple temperatures. This data dictionary is organized using a three-level tree structure: the first level is the temperature index layer, the second level is the parameter group identification layer, and the third level is the specific parameter storage layer. Regarding the temperatures stored in the preset data dictionary, this embodiment suggests using 45℃ as the base temperature reference point, with 60℃, 75℃, and 100℃ calibrated upwards, and 30℃, 15℃, and 0℃ calibrated downwards, forming seven sets of temperature-PID mapping relationships. However, those skilled in the art can choose other numbers of temperature-PID mapping relationships; this embodiment does not impose specific restrictions on this. Each parameter group should include three core parameters: proportional coefficient (P), integral time (I), and derivative time (D). When the system detects that the ambient temperature is between adjacent stored temperature points, it prioritizes calling the high-temperature parameter group and performing dynamic compensation. This method can effectively improve temperature control accuracy and also effectively reduce the number of PID calibrations.

[0117] B2. The heating control power is calculated based on the PID control parameter set.

[0118] The calculation of the corresponding heating control power using the proportional coefficient (P), integral time (I), and derivative time (D) is existing technology, and its process will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0119] B3. Obtain the rate of temperature change at the current moment based on at least two stored water body temperatures.

[0120] B4. The heating correction factor at the current moment is calculated using a function based on the current temperature change rate and the preset heating correction factor.

[0121] It should be noted that the calculation function for the heating correction factor mentioned in this step can be found in the first heating control section. This step will not elaborate further.

[0122] B5. Calculate the absolute value of the temperature difference at the current moment based on the current water temperature and the target temperature.

[0123] B6. Calculate the temperature decay coefficient at the current moment based on the absolute value of the temperature difference at the current moment.

[0124] Specifically, in this embodiment, the function for calculating the temperature attenuation coefficient is:

[0125] k time_adj =k t *exp(-k error_factor *T error )

[0126] Where, k time_adj k represents the time decay coefficient at the current moment.t This represents the basic time decay coefficient, corresponding to the decay rate when the temperature difference approaches zero. error_factor This represents the adjustment coefficient. T error This represents the absolute value of the temperature difference at the current moment.

[0127] In the above function for calculating the temperature decay coefficient, the adjustment coefficient k error_factor It is a positive coefficient that controls the degree to which temperature difference affects the attenuation coefficient. The larger the value and the greater the temperature difference, the higher the attenuation coefficient k. time_adj The slower the decay, the weaker the time decay effect. exp() is the natural exponential function, which changes as T... error When k = 0, exp(0) = 1, at which point k time_adj =k t When T error As it gradually decreases, exp(-k) error_factor *T error The value of k increases and approaches 1, thus making k... time_adj Increase and approach k t .

[0128] B7. The time decay factor at the current moment is calculated using a function based on the cumulative heating time, the temperature decay coefficient, and the preset time correction factor at the current moment.

[0129] In this embodiment, the temperature difference T is taken into account. error When the temperature difference is large, although the water temperature is within the heating range, it is still relatively far from the target temperature. This means that the fixed PID parameters may not provide sufficient thrust or a faster response is needed. In this case, the rate at which the heating control power decays over time should be slowed down to give the PID more opportunities to function. When the temperature difference is small, it means that the target point is approaching, and the power can be reduced more aggressively over time to avoid overshoot. Therefore, see the preset time correction factor calculation function for details on adjusting the heating control power:

[0130]

[0131] Among them, S t This represents the time correction factor for the current moment. `max()` represents the function to remove the maximum value. t,min k represents the minimum time correction factor. time_adj This represents the time decay coefficient at the current moment. t zone This indicates the cumulative heating time at the current moment.

[0132] In the above-mentioned preset time correction factor calculation function, the water temperature at the current moment has entered the temperature range, but is still some distance from the target temperature. The calculated k... time_adj It will be relatively small, causing k to be smaller. time_adjSlow growth, thus S t The slow decay results in a smaller reduction in heating control power, allowing the heating control power to be maintained at a relatively high level, giving the fixed-parameter PID more "power" to reduce large temperature differences.

[0133] B8. The heating control power is corrected and calculated based on the time decay factor and the heating correction factor at the current moment, and the heating power at the current moment is controlled based on the result of the correction calculation.

[0134] Specifically, the function for calculating the heating power at the current moment in this step is:

[0135] W = F v *S t *W PID ,T target -f(T target )≤T current <T target

[0136] Where W is the heating power at the current moment. F v This indicates that the heating correction factor is calculated based on the rate of temperature change at the current moment. t W represents the time correction factor for the current moment. PID This indicates the heating control power calculated based on the PID control parameter set. T current This represents the current water temperature. T target Indicates the target temperature. f(T) target ) indicates the offset calculated based on the target temperature.

[0137] Furthermore, in this embodiment, to prevent fluctuations in heating power when entering the temperature range, an M is also provided. min The calculation function is as follows:

[0138]

[0139] Among them, M min This represents the minimum power factor. `clamp()` is the clamping function, which clamps M... min The value is limited to between ε and 1. k p,selected P represents the proportional coefficient in the PID control parameter set. max Indicates the maximum heating power. F v This indicates that the heating correction factor is calculated based on the rate of temperature change at the current moment. f(T) target The ) indicates the offset calculated based on the target temperature. ε represents a fixed constant, such as 0.3, to prevent the calculated M from being miscalculated. minIf the value is too small, the heating power outside the temperature range will be too low at the edge of the temperature range.

[0140] S4. When the difference between the water temperature and the target temperature is less than a preset temperature difference threshold, a light control command is sent to the light control model according to the heating time. The light control command is used to trigger the light control model to control the indicator light to change. The changed indicator light is used to prompt the user to shake the cup.

[0141] Furthermore, considering that users frequently use the 45℃ heating method, if there is a large amount of water inside the cup, even if the temperature sensor at the bottom registers 45℃, the water inside the cup may not reach 45℃ due to the temperature difference between the bottom and top. Therefore, in this embodiment, an indicator light prompts the user whether to shake the cup to mix the water, ensuring a consistent water temperature. Additionally, the bottom sensor detects a drop in water temperature, facilitating reheating to the target temperature.

[0142] See Figure 5 The figure shows that step S4 includes steps S41-S44.

[0143] S41. Read the temperature change curves of at least two stored water bodies.

[0144] Specifically, in this step, the water temperature throughout the heating process is read and converted into a temperature change curve.

[0145] S42. Calculate the average temperature change rate based on the temperature change curve.

[0146] Since the temperature change curve of water generally follows a pattern of first rising slowly, then rising more steadily, and finally the rate of increase decreases until it levels off, this embodiment uses the temperature change range during a stable temperature rise as the basis for calculating the average rate of temperature change. Specifically, step S42 includes steps S421-S424.

[0147] S421. Smooth the temperature change curve to obtain a temperature curve.

[0148] Specifically, smoothing can be

[0149] S422. The temperature curvature curve is obtained by differentiating the temperature curve.

[0150] S423. Iterate through each data point on the temperature curvature curve to find the maximum value point.

[0151] S424. Extract the water temperature corresponding to several adjacent points before and after the maximum value point in time sequence, and calculate the average temperature change rate based on the extraction results.

[0152] Specifically, the number of data points included in the results extracted in this step can be 5 or other values; this embodiment does not impose any specific restrictions on this. Furthermore, the calculation method for the average temperature change rate mentioned in this step involves calculating the change rate based on the water temperature at adjacent points in the time series, and then averaging multiple temperature change rates to obtain the average temperature change rate. This is existing technology and will not be elaborated upon in this embodiment.

[0153] S43. The shaking intensity coefficient is calculated based on the target temperature and the average rate of temperature change.

[0154] In this step, the formula for calculating the sway intensity coefficient is as follows:

[0155]

[0156] Where SI represents the sway intensity coefficient, sigmoid() represents the normalization function, and α represents the temperature weighting coefficient. T target Indicates the target temperature. α represents the average rate of change of temperature. β represents the weighting coefficient of the average rate of change of temperature. In this embodiment, α can be 0.7 and β can be 0.3. Those skilled in the art can modify the values ​​of α and β according to the actual situation, and no specific restrictions are imposed on them in this embodiment.

[0157] In the above formula for calculating the sway intensity coefficient, when T target When the value is larger, the heat conduction effect within the water body is better, the temperature tends to be more uniform, and the corresponding SI value is smaller. Meanwhile, when T... target A higher SI value indicates a larger volume of water in the cup, resulting in a slower heating rate and a greater temperature difference between the bottom and top of the cup. A higher SI value corresponds to a greater need for shaking. Therefore, the above calculation function can effectively describe whether the cup needs to be shaken.

[0158] S44. The indicator light breathing control function is calculated based on the shaking intensity coefficient, and the indicator light breathing control function controls the indicator light to change.

[0159] Specifically, the control expression for the indicator light breathing control function in this step is as follows:

[0160]

[0161] Where BN(t) represents the indicator light brightness function as a function of time t. A light This represents the maximum brightness after SI correction. π represents pi. f light This indicates the frequency of the indicator light's brightness variation. (A) light,min This indicates the minimum brightness amplitude of the indicator light. SI represents the shaking intensity coefficient. A light,maxThis indicates the maximum brightness level of the indicator light. light,min This indicates the minimum frequency of the indicator light's brightness variation. light,max This indicates the maximum frequency of the indicator light's brightness variation. γ is the gamma coefficient, which is 2.2 in this embodiment.

[0162] The control expression f of the breathing control function of the above indicator light light,min It can be 0.2Hz, f light,max It can be 3Hz, A light,min It can be 0.3, A light,max It can be 1. In the control expression of the indicator light breathing control function above, sin(2*π*f light *t)+1 can shift the entire sine wave upward by 1 unit to eliminate negative values; further dividing by 2 can compress the waveform to the range of [0, 1] to control the indicator light. At the same time, in this embodiment, in order to better match the brightness perceived by the human eye, gamma correction is performed on the waveform to improve the human eye's perception.

[0163] Furthermore, to further facilitate user identification, this embodiment can combine color to control the indicator light. For example, by calculating the chromaticity from blue to red using hue = 240 - SI * 120, the indicator light can be controlled to transition from blue to red using hue and BN(t). An example of this effect is shown in Table 1.

[0164]

[0165]

[0166] In this embodiment, by using the above method, a corresponding temperature range is first calculated based on the target temperature and different heating requirements. This allows for better segmented temperature control, balancing the weight between temperature control accuracy and efficiency, and providing better heating efficiency for faster response.

[0167] In this embodiment, by employing the rapid heating mode when the temperature is far from the target temperature, the water temperature can be quickly increased, avoiding the output limitation or insufficient response problems that may occur when PID control has large errors. This greatly shortens the overall heating time and improves user efficiency. Simultaneously, when the temperature approaches the target, switching to PID precise temperature control mode allows the PID controller to dynamically adjust the error, effectively stabilizing the temperature near the target value, reducing or eliminating steady-state error, and ensuring the water temperature meets the user's precise needs. Furthermore, as the PID mode running time increases, the amplification coefficient decreases non-linearly, reducing the controller's responsiveness to errors and helping to suppress temperature oscillations near the target value, allowing the system to reach a stable state more quickly. Additionally, based on the heating time, the possibility of water temperature stratification (gradient) is assessed, and an indicator light guides the user to shake the cup to ensure uniform temperature, increasing the likelihood of uniform water temperature within the cup. This is particularly important for applications requiring high temperature uniformity (such as brewing specific beverages).

[0168] Example 2:

[0169] like Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment provides a semiconductor-based multi-mode water cup temperature control system, the system comprising:

[0170] The temperature reading module is used to read the water temperature and the target temperature.

[0171] The interval calculation module is used to determine the temperature interval based on the target temperature.

[0172] The temperature control module is used to perform PID temperature control based on the difference between the water temperature and the temperature range, and to record the cumulative heating time. The PID temperature control continuously monitors and updates the water temperature.

[0173] The prompting module is used to send a lighting control command to the lighting control model according to the cumulative heating time when the difference between the water temperature and the target temperature is less than a preset temperature difference threshold. The lighting control command is used to trigger the lighting control model to control the indicator light to change, and the changed indicator light is used to prompt the user to shake the cup.

[0174] In some specific embodiments, the prompting module includes:

[0175] The data reading module is used to read the temperature change curves of at least two stored water bodies.

[0176] The first calculation module is used to calculate the average rate of temperature change based on the temperature change curve.

[0177] The second calculation module is used to calculate the shaking intensity coefficient based on the target temperature and the average rate of temperature change.

[0178] The function calculation module is used to calculate the indicator light breathing control function based on the shaking intensity coefficient, and the indicator light breathing control function controls the indicator light to change.

[0179] In some specific embodiments, the first computing module includes:

[0180] A smoothing module is used to smooth the temperature change curve to obtain a temperature curve.

[0181] The derivative module is used to perform derivative calculations on the temperature curve to obtain the temperature curvature curve.

[0182] The filtering module is used to iterate through each data point on the temperature curvature curve to filter out the maximum value point.

[0183] The comprehensive calculation module is used to extract the water temperature corresponding to several adjacent data points before and after the maximum value point in time series, and to calculate the average rate of temperature change.

[0184] It should be noted that the specific methods by which each module performs operations in the system described in the above embodiments have been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0185] It should be noted that the order of the above embodiments of the present invention is merely for descriptive purposes and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. The processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0186] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

Claims

1. A semiconductor-based multi-mode water cup temperature control method, characterized in that, The method includes: Read the water temperature and target temperature; The temperature range is determined based on the target temperature; PID temperature control is performed based on the difference between the water temperature and the temperature range, and the cumulative heating time is recorded. The water temperature is continuously monitored and updated in the PID temperature control. When the difference between the water temperature and the target temperature is less than a preset temperature difference threshold, a lighting control command is sent to the lighting control model according to the cumulative heating time. The lighting control command is used to trigger the lighting control model to control the indicator light to change. The changed indicator light is used to prompt the user to shake the cup.

2. The semiconductor-based multi-mode water cup temperature control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the target temperature, a temperature range is determined, including: The temperature offset is calculated based on the target temperature and the preset offset calculation function, and the offset calculation function exhibits a unimodal trend. The endpoint values ​​of the temperature range are calculated based on the target temperature and the temperature offset, and the other endpoint value of the temperature range is calculated based on the target temperature and the preset offset.

3. The semiconductor-based multi-mode water cup temperature control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, PID temperature control is performed based on the difference between the water temperature and the temperature range, including: Read and store the current water temperature; Based on the current water temperature and the temperature range, it is determined whether there is a temperature difference at the current moment. If there is a temperature difference, the heating power of the cup is controlled by a first temperature increase in accordance with the change in water temperature. If there is no temperature difference, the heating power of the cup is controlled by a second temperature increase in accordance with the temperature difference. In the first temperature increase control, the heating power decreases as the water temperature increases. In the second temperature increase control, the PID control coefficient decreases as the cumulative heating time increases.

4. The semiconductor-based multi-mode water cup temperature control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first temperature control includes: The temperature difference coefficient at the current moment is calculated based on the current water temperature, the initial water temperature, and the lower limit of the temperature range. The initial water temperature is the water temperature obtained for the first time. The power coefficient at the current moment is calculated using a function based on the temperature difference coefficient and the preset power coefficient at the current moment. The rate of temperature change at the current moment is obtained based on at least two stored water body temperatures; The heating correction factor at the current moment is calculated by a function based on the current temperature change rate and the preset heating correction factor. The heating power at the current moment is controlled based on the power coefficient, the heating correction factor, and the preset heating power.

5. The semiconductor-based multi-mode water cup temperature control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second temperature control includes: Based on the current water temperature, read the PID control parameter group from the preset data dictionary. The temperature corresponding to the PID control parameter group is greater than or equal to the water temperature, and the difference between the temperature corresponding to the PID control parameter group and the water temperature is less than a threshold. The heating control power is calculated based on the PID control parameter set. The rate of temperature change is obtained based on the stored temperatures of at least two water bodies; The heating correction factor is calculated using a function based on the temperature change rate and the preset heating correction factor. The absolute value of the temperature difference is calculated based on the current water temperature and the target temperature. The temperature decay coefficient is calculated based on the absolute value of the temperature difference. The time decay factor at the current moment is calculated using a function based on the cumulative heating time, the temperature decay coefficient, and the preset time correction factor at the current moment. The heating control power is corrected and calculated based on the time decay factor and the heating correction factor, and the heating power at the current moment is controlled based on the result of the correction calculation.

6. The semiconductor-based multi-mode water cup temperature control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lighting control model controls the indicator lights to change, including: Read the stored temperatures of at least two water bodies to obtain temperature change curves; The average rate of temperature change is calculated based on the temperature change curve. The shaking intensity coefficient is calculated based on the target temperature and the average rate of temperature change. The indicator light breathing control function is calculated based on the shaking intensity coefficient, and the indicator light breathing control function controls the indicator light to change.

7. The semiconductor-based multi-mode water cup temperature control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The average rate of temperature change is calculated based on the temperature change curve, including: The temperature change curve is smoothed to obtain a temperature curve; The temperature curvature curve is obtained by differentiating the temperature curve. The maximum value point is obtained by iterating through each data point on the temperature curvature curve; Extract the water temperature corresponding to several adjacent data points before and after the maximum value point in the time series, and calculate the average rate of temperature change by averaging.

8. A semiconductor-based multi-mode water cup temperature control system, characterized in that, include: Temperature reading module, used to read water temperature and target temperature; The interval calculation module is used to determine the temperature interval based on the target temperature. The temperature control module is used to perform PID temperature control based on the difference between the water temperature and the temperature range and to record the cumulative heating time. The PID temperature control continuously monitors and updates the water temperature. The prompting module is used to send a lighting control command to the lighting control model according to the cumulative heating time when the difference between the water temperature and the target temperature is less than a preset temperature difference threshold. The lighting control command is used to trigger the lighting control model to control the indicator light to change, and the changed indicator light is used to prompt the user to shake the cup.

9. The semiconductor-based multi-mode water cup temperature control system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The prompt module includes: The data reading module is used to read the temperature change curves of at least two stored water bodies. The first calculation module is used to calculate the average rate of temperature change based on the temperature change curve. The second calculation module is used to calculate the shaking intensity coefficient based on the target temperature and the average rate of temperature change. The function calculation module is used to calculate the indicator light breathing control function based on the shaking intensity coefficient, and the indicator light breathing control function controls the indicator light to change.

10. The semiconductor-based multi-mode water cup temperature control system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first computing module includes: A smoothing module is used to smooth the temperature change curve to obtain a temperature curve; The derivative module is used to perform derivative calculations on the temperature curve to obtain the temperature curvature curve; The filtering module is used to iterate through each data point on the temperature curvature curve to filter and obtain the maximum value point. The comprehensive calculation module is used to extract the water temperature corresponding to several adjacent data points before and after the maximum value point in time series, and to calculate the average rate of temperature change.

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