Unmanned vehicle data management method and system based on block chain

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of unmanned vehicle data management, in particular to an unmanned vehicle data management method and system based on a block chain, and the method comprises the steps: constructing a decentralized block chain data platform which comprises a plurality of nodes; collecting control operation data of the unmanned vehicle in real time, and uploading the control operation data to the block chain data platform; performing verification and storage management on the control operation data uploaded to the block chain data platform based on the smart contract; and in response to the query request of the node, returning corresponding control operation data based on the block chain data platform, through the method and the system, the control operation data of the unmanned vehicle can be effectively recorded and stored, the non-tampering and traceability of the data are ensured, and thus the security and reliability of an unmanned vehicle system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of unmanned vehicle data management, and more specifically, to a blockchain-based unmanned vehicle data management method and system. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy intelligent connected vehicle industry, driverless car technology has gradually become the focus of the industry. However, existing driverless car control systems have many security risks in data storage and processing, such as data tampering and information leakage. These problems seriously affect the reliability and security of driverless car systems, posing significant challenges to user privacy, supply chain integrity, and product reliability.

[0003] Blockchain technology, as a decentralized distributed ledger technology, possesses characteristics such as immutability and traceability. Its advantages in data security and trusted data storage offer new insights into solving data issues in autonomous vehicle control systems. Currently, although some research attempts to apply blockchain technology to the field of autonomous vehicles, a complete technical solution that can systematically achieve trusted data storage and rapid traceability for autonomous vehicle control data has yet to emerge. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a blockchain-based unmanned vehicle data management method and system, which can effectively record and store the control operation data of unmanned vehicles, ensuring the immutability and traceability of the data, thereby improving the security and reliability of the unmanned vehicle system.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A blockchain-based method for managing autonomous vehicle data, comprising: A decentralized blockchain data platform is constructed, comprising multiple nodes; real-time collection of control operation data from autonomous vehicles is performed and uploaded to the blockchain data platform; verification and storage management of the uploaded control operation data are executed based on smart contracts; and in response to node query requests, the corresponding control operation data is returned based on the blockchain data platform.

[0006] This invention enables rapid traceability of unmanned vehicle control operations by constructing a decentralized data storage platform, uploading and storing evidence of unmanned vehicle control operation data in real time, and using smart contract technology to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the data, thereby improving the security and reliability of the unmanned vehicle system.

[0007] As a preferred option, building a decentralized blockchain data platform includes: constructing a decentralized blockchain data platform, which uses the PBFT consensus mechanism to manage each node; among which, according to the access permissions of each node, nodes are divided into different types, including autonomous vehicle manufacturer nodes, component supplier nodes, regulatory agency nodes, and autonomous vehicle customer nodes.

[0008] This invention employs the PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance) consensus mechanism. Leveraging its high efficiency, low complexity, and strong consistency within consortium blockchains, it provides technical support for real-time notarization and multi-node collaborative management of autonomous vehicle control operation data, thereby improving the management efficiency of this data. Nodes are managed according to their access permissions, clearly defining the scope of use of autonomous vehicle control operation data for users, manufacturers, and regulatory agencies. This forms a multi-role collaborative system with clearly defined rights and responsibilities, facilitating collaborative supervision.

[0009] Preferably, different types of nodes have different access permissions for control operation data. Specifically, the control operation data returned by the blockchain data platform in response to a node's query request includes: Access control for nodes is implemented based on smart contracts. The access permissions for each node include: Autonomous vehicle manufacturer nodes can view the control operation data of autonomous vehicles manufactured by the corresponding manufacturer; component supplier nodes can view the control operation data of components provided by the corresponding component supplier; regulatory agency nodes can view all control operation data on the blockchain data platform; and autonomous vehicle customer nodes can view the control operation data of their own autonomous vehicles.

[0010] This invention categorizes nodes in a blockchain data platform into different types based on their access permissions to autonomous vehicle control data. Each node is peer-to-peer and stores autonomous vehicle control data. New blocks are continuously formed through a consensus mechanism, and blockchain technology is used to store autonomous vehicle data. After consensus among nodes, the data is distributed across different nodes, making it difficult to tamper with. By controlling node access permissions, manufacturers can view data for all their manufactured autonomous vehicles through the manufacturer node client, analyzing vehicle quality and user operating habits to further improve vehicle quality. Component suppliers can view component-related data for autonomous vehicles using their parts through the component supplier node client, analyzing component usage and quality. Regulatory agencies can view all data for all autonomous vehicles through the regulatory agency client, providing data support for autonomous vehicle-related project analysis, facilitating real-time monitoring and compliance auditing. Customers using autonomous vehicles can view real-time data for their vehicles through the customer node client, allowing them to understand the vehicle's driving status in real time. By assigning roles to control nodes and granting them access permissions to control operation data on the blockchain data platform, data can be shared on demand, meeting the data usage needs of manufacturers, suppliers, regulatory agencies, customers, and other parties. At the same time, it ensures the compliance of data access for all parties and solves the problems of trade secret leakage and user privacy protection in multi-party collaboration in the industry chain.

[0011] Preferably, the access control of nodes based on smart contracts includes: the data owner who uploads control operation data sets the access scope permissions for the corresponding control operation data through a smart contract, the access scope permissions including the time range and data attributes of the autonomous vehicle control operation data to be accessed; in response to the node's query request, the blockchain data platform returns query results that match the node's access scope permissions.

[0012] Through this invention, data owners can set different data access permissions for different types of users, that is, set the time range and data attribute values ​​of data that different types of nodes can access. Through smart contracts, the time range and attributes of data uploaded by the data owner can be finely controlled, avoiding excessive data sharing, improving the flexibility and security of data use, and maximizing data privacy protection while meeting the needs of data circulation.

[0013] As a preferred option, the implementation of access control for nodes based on smart contracts also includes: in response to a node's query request, verifying the node's access rights based on the smart contract, and having the blockchain data platform return query results that match the node's access rights.

[0014] This invention enables automatic verification of node access permissions through smart contracts, improving the response speed of data queries while ensuring the compliance of data queries, preventing unauthorized access, and enhancing data security protection capabilities.

[0015] Preferably, in response to a node's query request, the blockchain data platform returns the corresponding control operation data, including: the user calling the autonomous vehicle control traceability interface through the node client to send a query request to the blockchain data platform; verifying the node's access permissions and access scope permissions based on the smart contract, and retrieving control operation data that matches the node's access permissions and access scope permissions through the blockchain data platform; the blockchain platform calling the autonomous vehicle control traceability interface and returning query results that match the node's access permissions and access scope permissions.

[0016] This invention improves the speed and accuracy of unmanned vehicle control operation data tracing through standardized interfaces and permission verification processes, thereby facilitating rapid data retrieval for accident analysis, liability determination, and data auditing.

[0017] As a preferred method, the control operation data of the unmanned vehicle is collected in real time and uploaded to the blockchain data platform. This includes: collecting the control operation data of the unmanned vehicle in real time; storing the control operation data of the unmanned vehicle locally for a preset period of time; and uploading the control operation data to the blockchain data platform in real time by calling the trusted evidence storage interface for the unmanned vehicle control data via the network.

[0018] This invention utilizes a dual data storage system of local caching and on-chain notarization to prevent data loss caused by network fluctuations that prevent real-time data uploads. Data can be uploaded again once the network recovers to ensure complete on-chain notarization. Furthermore, local caching of data for a specific period allows users to easily retrieve control operation data of the autonomous vehicle at any time, unaffected by network conditions.

[0019] As a preferred method, the control operation data uploaded to the blockchain data platform is verified and stored using smart contracts, including: verifying the control operation data uploaded to the blockchain data platform using smart contracts, including checking whether the data format of the control operation data conforms to preset specifications and determining whether the data value of the control operation data exceeds a security threshold; storing the control operation data on the blockchain data platform using smart contracts; and managing the access permissions of each node to the control operation data on the blockchain data platform using smart contracts.

[0020] This invention constrains the standardization of data within smart contracts, ensuring standardized data storage, improving data quality, and facilitating management. Simultaneously, it constrains thresholds for control operation data, enabling real-time identification of abnormal data and ensuring the stability of the autonomous vehicle control system.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment, the control operation data stored on the smart contract-based blockchain data platform includes: Based on smart contracts, control operation data at the blockchain data platform is stored in a hierarchical manner, including: for control operation data uploaded to the blockchain data platform within a preset time limit, the entire data is stored on the blockchain data platform; for control operation data at the blockchain data platform that exceeds the preset time limit, only the key data of the control operation data that exceeds the preset time limit is stored. The key data includes the first data, the last data, abnormal data, and alarm data when the autonomous vehicle starts.

[0022] This invention stores the latest data (which can be set as needed, for example, within the last 4 hours) completely, while storing only key data that is not the latest. Through a hierarchical storage strategy, the utilization rate of blockchain storage resources is optimized, storage costs are reduced, and key data is retained for traceability, thus balancing data integrity and storage efficiency.

[0023] This invention utilizes blockchain technology to construct a decentralized blockchain data platform, uploading autonomous vehicle control operation data to the platform in real time. Through blockchain's smart contract technology, each piece of control operation data is automatically verified and recorded, ensuring data authenticity and integrity. A data query interface is developed to facilitate rapid retrieval and analysis of autonomous vehicle control operation data via the blockchain data platform when needed. This invention leverages the immutability of blockchain to ensure the authenticity and integrity of autonomous vehicle control operation data; decentralized storage enhances data security and prevents single points of failure; the automatic execution mechanism of smart contracts improves data processing efficiency and accuracy; and the data interface enables rapid traceability of autonomous vehicle control operations, aiding in accident analysis and liability determination. This invention also discloses a blockchain-based unmanned vehicle data management system. The unmanned vehicle data management system uses the aforementioned unmanned vehicle data management method to manage unmanned vehicle data. The unmanned vehicle data management system includes: The identity authentication module is used to verify the legitimacy of each node's identity, as well as the access permissions and scope permissions of the node's control operation data based on smart contracts. The data acquisition module is deployed locally on the autonomous vehicle to collect control operation data of the autonomous vehicle in real time, store control operation data within a preset time period, and upload control operation data to the blockchain data platform in real time. The data processing module is used to perform verification and storage management of control operation data uploaded to the blockchain data platform based on smart contracts, as well as to control the access of each node to the control operation data of the blockchain data platform. The storage module includes: a blockchain storage unit for storing control operation data verified by smart contracts and node access records; and a local storage unit for storing control operation data of the unmanned vehicle within a preset time period. The interface modules include: a trusted data storage interface for unmanned vehicle control, used by the data acquisition module to upload control operation data to the blockchain data platform; and an unmanned vehicle control traceability interface, used by the node client to initiate query requests to the blockchain data platform, the blockchain data platform to verify the node's permissions based on smart contracts, and the blockchain data platform to return query results to the node.

[0024] This invention automates the entire process of data collection, evidence storage, verification, storage, and traceability. By integrating blockchain technology and smart contracts, it enhances the system's scalability, stability, and multi-role collaboration efficiency, thus building a secure and reliable unmanned vehicle data management system. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is the unmanned vehicle data management system in this embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To further understand the content of this invention, the invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments are merely illustrative and not limiting of the invention.

[0027] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a blockchain-based method for managing autonomous vehicle data, which includes: A decentralized blockchain data platform is constructed, comprising multiple nodes; real-time collection of control operation data from autonomous vehicles is performed and uploaded to the blockchain data platform; verification and storage management of the uploaded control operation data are executed based on smart contracts; and in response to node query requests, the corresponding control operation data is returned based on the blockchain data platform.

[0028] Leveraging the characteristics of blockchain technology, this embodiment achieves multi-dimensional security and efficiency improvements in autonomous vehicle data management: Through distributed ledger technology, data generated by autonomous vehicles is distributed and stored across multiple nodes. Utilizing encryption algorithms and consensus mechanisms, it effectively resists data tampering and unauthorized access, while ensuring data privacy and security, and enabling controllable data sharing among all participants. The encryption and chained storage structure of blockchain ensures the integrity and immutability of autonomous vehicle operation records, providing reliable evidence for accident analysis, liability tracing, and supply chain traceability. Simultaneously, the transparent data recording platform allows all participants to verify operation data, enhancing system trust. Furthermore, the shared data platform built on smart contracts breaks down data barriers among automakers, technology suppliers, insurance companies, and other parties, promoting collaboration and driving the development of the autonomous vehicle industry ecosystem.

[0029] In this embodiment, by constructing a decentralized data storage platform, the control operation data of the unmanned vehicle is uploaded and stored in real time. The control operation data of the unmanned vehicle includes data such as the driving route, speed, and acceleration of the unmanned vehicle. The authenticity and integrity of the data are ensured by using smart contract technology, which realizes rapid traceability of the control operation of the unmanned vehicle and improves the security and reliability of the unmanned vehicle system.

[0030] In this embodiment, building a decentralized blockchain data platform includes: building a decentralized blockchain data platform, which uses the PBFT consensus mechanism to manage each node; wherein, according to the access permissions of each node, nodes are divided into different types, including autonomous vehicle manufacturer nodes, component supplier nodes, regulatory agency nodes, and autonomous vehicle customer nodes.

[0031] This embodiment employs the PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance) consensus mechanism. Leveraging its efficiency, low complexity, and strong consistency within a consortium blockchain, it provides technical support for real-time notarization and multi-node collaborative management of autonomous vehicle control operation data, thereby improving the management efficiency of this data. Nodes are managed according to their access permissions, categorizing participating nodes into various authorized roles. Different roles have different data access scopes, clearly defining the usage scope of autonomous vehicle control operation data for users, manufacturers, and regulatory agencies. This forms a multi-role collaborative system with clearly defined rights and responsibilities, facilitating collaborative supervision.

[0032] In this embodiment, different types of nodes have different access permissions for control operation data. Specifically, in response to a node's query request, the corresponding control operation data returned through the blockchain data platform includes: Access control for nodes is implemented based on smart contracts. The access permissions for each node include: Autonomous vehicle manufacturer nodes can view the control operation data of autonomous vehicles manufactured by the corresponding manufacturer; component supplier nodes can view the control operation data of components provided by the corresponding component supplier; regulatory agency nodes can view all control operation data on the blockchain data platform; and autonomous vehicle customer nodes can view the control operation data of their own autonomous vehicles.

[0033] In this embodiment, nodes in the blockchain data platform are categorized into different types based on their access permissions to the control operation data of autonomous vehicles. Each node is peer-to-peer and stores autonomous vehicle control data. New blocks are continuously formed among the nodes through a consensus mechanism. Blockchain technology is used to store autonomous vehicle data. After data consensus among the nodes, it is distributed and stored across different nodes, making the data difficult to tamper with. By controlling node access permissions, manufacturers can view data for all their manufactured autonomous vehicles through the client at the autonomous vehicle manufacturer node, and analyze the quality of the vehicles and user operating habits based on this data, which helps to further improve vehicle quality. Component suppliers can view data related to the parts used in autonomous vehicles through the client at the component supplier node, and analyze the usage and quality of the parts based on this data. Regulatory agencies can view all data for all autonomous vehicles through the client at the regulatory agency node, providing data support for the analysis of autonomous vehicle-related projects, which is beneficial for real-time monitoring and compliance auditing. Customers using autonomous vehicles can view real-time data of their vehicles through the client at the autonomous vehicle customer node, allowing them to understand the driving status of the autonomous vehicles in real time. By assigning roles to control nodes and granting them access permissions to control operation data on the blockchain data platform, data can be shared on demand, meeting the data usage needs of manufacturers, suppliers, regulatory agencies, customers, and other parties. At the same time, it ensures the compliance of data access for all parties and solves the problems of trade secret leakage and user privacy protection in multi-party collaboration in the industry chain.

[0034] In this embodiment, the access control of nodes based on smart contracts includes: the data owner who uploads control operation data sets the access scope permissions for the corresponding control operation data through a smart contract, the access scope permissions including the time range and data attributes of the autonomous vehicle control operation data to be accessed; in response to the node's query request, the blockchain data platform returns query results that match the node's access scope permissions.

[0035] In this embodiment, the data owner sets different data access permissions for different types of users, that is, sets the time range and data attribute values ​​of the data that different types of nodes can access. Through smart contracts, fine-grained control is achieved over the time range and attributes of other nodes accessing the data uploaded by the data owner, avoiding excessive data sharing, improving the flexibility and security of data use, and maximizing data privacy protection while meeting the needs of data circulation.

[0036] For example, before uploading data, the data owner can set access permissions for different types of users: if a user is the data owner, that user can view the full time range (such as data from the past year) and all attribute data (including vehicle type information, vehicle component status information, etc.) of the uploaded control operation data; if the user is an authorized repair shop node, the data owner can use a smart contract to set that the user can only access abnormal data of the vehicle ID to which the data belongs within a certain period of time.

[0037] In this embodiment, the access control of nodes based on smart contracts further includes: in response to a node's query request, verifying the node's access rights based on the smart contract, and having the blockchain data platform return query results that match the node's access rights.

[0038] This embodiment uses smart contracts to automatically verify node access permissions, improving the response speed of data queries, ensuring the compliance of data queries, preventing unauthorized access, and enhancing data security protection capabilities.

[0039] In this embodiment, in response to a node's query request and with the blockchain data platform returning the corresponding control operation data, the process includes: the user calling the autonomous vehicle control traceability interface through the node client to send a query request to the blockchain data platform; verifying the node's access permissions and access scope permissions based on a smart contract; retrieving control operation data that matches the node's access permissions and access scope permissions through the blockchain data platform; and the blockchain platform calling the autonomous vehicle control traceability interface to return query results that match the node's access permissions and access scope permissions.

[0040] This embodiment improves the speed and accuracy of unmanned vehicle control operation data tracing through standardized interfaces and permission verification processes, thereby facilitating rapid data retrieval for accident analysis, liability determination, and data auditing.

[0041] In this embodiment, the control operation data of the unmanned vehicle is collected in real time and uploaded to the blockchain data platform, including: collecting the control operation data of the unmanned vehicle in real time; storing the control operation data of the unmanned vehicle locally within a preset time period; and uploading the control operation data to the blockchain data platform in real time by calling the trusted evidence storage interface for the unmanned vehicle control data via the network.

[0042] After the autonomous vehicle collects control operation data in real time, the data is stored locally on the vehicle for a certain period of time. The preset time period can be set according to the local storage capacity, for example, storing data for three days. Data exceeding the preset time period is automatically deleted. At the same time, the control operation data is uploaded to the blockchain data platform in real time. If there is a network problem and the upload cannot be completed in real time, the missing data will be uploaded immediately after the network is restored.

[0043] This embodiment utilizes dual data storage—local caching and on-chain notarization—to prevent data loss caused by network fluctuations preventing real-time data uploads. Data can be uploaded again once the network recovers to ensure complete on-chain notarization. Furthermore, local caching of data for a specific period allows users to easily retrieve control operation data of the autonomous vehicle within that timeframe, unaffected by network conditions.

[0044] In this embodiment, the control operation data uploaded to the blockchain data platform is verified and stored based on smart contracts. This includes: verifying the control operation data uploaded to the blockchain data platform based on smart contracts, including checking whether the data format of the control operation data conforms to preset specifications and determining whether the data value of the control operation data exceeds a security threshold; storing the control operation data on the blockchain data platform based on smart contracts; and managing the access permissions of each node to the control operation data on the blockchain data platform based on smart contracts.

[0045] This embodiment constrains data standardization within smart contracts, ensuring standardized data storage, improving data quality, and facilitating management. Simultaneously, it constrains thresholds for control operation data, enabling real-time identification of abnormal data and ensuring the stability of the autonomous vehicle control system.

[0046] The pre-defined data specifications include: the first four digits of the data represent the total length of the data entry; the fifth and sixth digits represent the vehicle code; autonomous vehicle control operation data is in colon-separated key-value pair format; and each data category is separated by commas. Certain thresholds are set for the autonomous vehicle control operation data, such as a vehicle speed limit of 120 km / h. If the threshold is exceeded, an abnormal alarm is issued to ensure the safe operation of the autonomous vehicle. In this embodiment, the control operation data based on the smart contract storage blockchain data platform includes: Based on smart contracts, control operation data at the blockchain data platform is stored in a hierarchical manner, including: for control operation data uploaded to the blockchain data platform within a preset time limit, the entire data is stored on the blockchain data platform; for control operation data at the blockchain data platform that exceeds the preset time limit, only the key data of the control operation data that exceeds the preset time limit is stored. The key data includes the first data, the last data, abnormal data, and alarm data when the autonomous vehicle starts.

[0047] This embodiment stores the latest data (which can be set as needed, for example, within the last 4 hours) in its entirety, while storing only key data that is not the latest. Through a hierarchical storage strategy, the utilization rate of blockchain storage resources is optimized, storage costs are reduced, and key data is retained for traceability, thus balancing data integrity and storage efficiency.

[0048] This implementation utilizes blockchain technology to construct a decentralized blockchain data platform, uploading autonomous vehicle control operation data to the platform in real time. Through blockchain's smart contract technology, each piece of control operation data is automatically verified and recorded, ensuring data authenticity and integrity. A data query interface is developed to facilitate rapid retrieval and analysis of autonomous vehicle control operation data via the blockchain data platform when needed. This invention leverages the immutability of blockchain to ensure the authenticity and integrity of autonomous vehicle control operation data; decentralized storage enhances data security and prevents single points of failure; the automatic execution mechanism of smart contracts improves data processing efficiency and accuracy; and the data interface enables rapid traceability of autonomous vehicle control operations, aiding in accident analysis and liability determination.

[0049] This embodiment also discloses a blockchain-based unmanned vehicle data management system. The unmanned vehicle data management system uses the aforementioned unmanned vehicle data management method to manage unmanned vehicle data. The unmanned vehicle data management system includes: The identity authentication module is used to verify the legitimacy of each node's identity, as well as the access permissions and scope permissions of the node's control operation data based on smart contracts. The data acquisition module is deployed locally on the autonomous vehicle to collect control operation data of the autonomous vehicle in real time, store control operation data within a preset time period, and upload control operation data to the blockchain data platform in real time. The data processing module is used to perform verification and storage management of control operation data uploaded to the blockchain data platform based on smart contracts, as well as to control the access of each node to the control operation data of the blockchain data platform. The storage module includes: a blockchain storage unit for storing control operation data verified by smart contracts and node access records; and a local storage unit for storing control operation data of the unmanned vehicle within a preset time period. The interface modules include: a trusted data storage interface for unmanned vehicle control, used by the data acquisition module to upload control operation data to the blockchain data platform; and an unmanned vehicle control traceability interface, used by the node client to initiate query requests to the blockchain data platform, the blockchain data platform to verify the node's permissions based on smart contracts, and the blockchain data platform to return query results to the node.

[0050] This embodiment automates the entire process of data collection, evidence storage, verification, storage, and traceability. By integrating blockchain technology and smart contracts, it enhances the system's scalability, stability, and multi-role collaboration efficiency, thus building a secure and reliable unmanned vehicle data management system.

[0051] It is readily understood that those skilled in the art can combine, split, or reorganize the embodiments provided in this application to obtain other embodiments, all of which do not exceed the protection scope of this application.

[0052] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above illustratively. This description is not restrictive, and the embodiments shown are only part of the embodiments of the present invention. The actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based method for managing autonomous vehicle data, comprising: Build a decentralized blockchain data platform, which includes multiple nodes; Real-time collection of control operation data of unmanned vehicles, and uploading of control operation data to blockchain data platform; Based on smart contracts, the control operation data uploaded to the blockchain data platform is verified and stored. In response to a node's query request, the corresponding control operation data is returned based on the blockchain data platform.

2. The blockchain-based unmanned vehicle data management method according to claim 1, wherein, The construction of the decentralized blockchain data platform includes: Build a decentralized blockchain data platform, which uses the PBFT consensus mechanism to manage each node; Based on the access permissions of each node, nodes are divided into different types, including autonomous vehicle manufacturer nodes, component supplier nodes, regulatory agency nodes, and autonomous vehicle customer nodes.

3. The blockchain-based unmanned vehicle data management method according to claim 2, wherein, Different types of nodes have different access permissions for control operation data. The control operation data returned through the blockchain data platform in response to a node's query request includes: Access control over nodes is implemented based on smart contracts. The access permissions for each node include: Autonomous vehicle manufacturer nodes can view the control operation data of autonomous vehicles manufactured by the corresponding manufacturer. The component provider node can view the relevant control operation data of the components provided by the component provider corresponding to the node; Regulatory agency nodes can view all control operation data of the blockchain data platform; Autonomous vehicle customer nodes can view the control operation data of their respective autonomous vehicles.

4. The blockchain-based unmanned vehicle data management method according to claim 3, wherein, The access control of nodes based on smart contracts includes: The data owner who uploads control operation data can set the access scope and permissions for the corresponding control operation data through a smart contract. The access scope and permissions include the time range and data attributes of the autonomous vehicle control operation data that can be accessed. In response to a node's query request, the blockchain data platform returns query results that match the node's access scope permissions.

5. The blockchain-based unmanned vehicle data management method according to claim 4, wherein, The access control for nodes based on smart contracts also includes: In response to a node's query request, the access permissions of the node are verified based on a smart contract, and the blockchain data platform returns query results that match the node's access permissions.

6. The blockchain-based unmanned vehicle data management method according to claim 5, wherein, In response to the node's query request, the blockchain data platform returns the corresponding control operation data, including: Users can call the unmanned vehicle control traceability interface through the node client to send a query request to the blockchain data platform; Based on the smart contract, the access permissions and access scope permissions of the node are verified, and the control operation data that matches the access permissions and access scope permissions of the node are retrieved through the blockchain data platform. The blockchain platform calls the autonomous vehicle control traceability interface and returns query results that match the node's access permissions and access scope permissions.

7. The blockchain-based unmanned vehicle data management method according to claim 1, wherein, The real-time acquisition of control operation data of the unmanned vehicle and the uploading of the control operation data to the blockchain data platform include: Real-time acquisition of control operation data of unmanned vehicles; The autonomous vehicle's control operation data for a preset time period is stored locally on the autonomous vehicle. The system calls the trusted data storage interface for autonomous vehicle control data in real time via the network, and uploads the control operation data to the blockchain data platform.

8. The blockchain-based unmanned vehicle data management method according to claim 1, wherein, The verification and storage management of control operation data uploaded to the blockchain data platform based on smart contracts includes: The control operation data uploaded to the blockchain data platform is verified based on smart contracts, including verifying whether the data format of the control operation data conforms to the preset specifications and determining whether the data value of the control operation data exceeds the security threshold. Control operation data is stored on a blockchain data platform based on smart contracts; Smart contracts are used to manage the access permissions of each node to control and operate data on the blockchain data platform.

9. A blockchain-based unmanned vehicle data management method according to claim 7, wherein, The control operation data at the smart contract-based blockchain data storage platform includes: Based on smart contracts, control operation data at the blockchain data platform is stored in a hierarchical manner, including: Control operation data uploaded to the blockchain data platform within the preset time limit will be completely stored in the blockchain data platform. For control operation data that exceeds the preset time limit in the blockchain data platform, only the key data of the control operation data that exceeds the preset time limit is stored. The key data includes the first data, the last data, abnormal data and alarm data when the unmanned vehicle starts.

10. A blockchain-based unmanned vehicle data management system, characterized in that, The unmanned vehicle data management system uses the unmanned vehicle data management method described in any one of claims 1-9 to manage the unmanned vehicle data, and the unmanned vehicle data management system includes: The identity authentication module is used to verify the legitimacy of each node's identity, as well as the access permissions and scope permissions of the node's control operation data based on smart contracts. The data acquisition module is deployed locally on the autonomous vehicle to collect control operation data of the autonomous vehicle in real time, store control operation data within a preset time period, and upload control operation data to the blockchain data platform in real time. The data processing module is used to perform verification and storage management of control operation data uploaded to the blockchain data platform based on smart contracts, as well as to control the access of each node to the control operation data of the blockchain data platform. The storage module includes: a blockchain storage unit for storing control operation data verified by smart contracts and node access records; and a local storage unit for storing control operation data of the unmanned vehicle within a preset time period. The interface modules include: a trusted data storage interface for unmanned vehicle control, used by the data acquisition module to upload control operation data to the blockchain data platform; and an unmanned vehicle control traceability interface, used by the node client to initiate query requests to the blockchain data platform, the blockchain data platform to verify the node's permissions based on smart contracts, and the blockchain data platform to return query results to the node.

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