Intelligent access control system for coal mine

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal mine intelligent access control system, which comprises an access control host, an identity recognition device and an execution mechanism, and is characterized in that a dynamic strategy generation module and an emergency linkage interface module are additionally arranged. The dynamic strategy generation module automatically matches an emergency plan and generates a dynamic access control strategy by analyzing gas, temperature, oxygen and other sensor data or manual alarm signals in real time, so as to realize the functions of authority grading adjustment, emergency channel unlocking and the like; the emergency linkage interface module interacts with a coal mine safety monitoring system to trigger linkage operations such as ventilation, fireproof and waterproof gates. The system is also integrated with an intelligent image identification technology to identify rescue workers, and supports the functions of personnel tracking, danger early warning, acousto-optic voice prompt and the like. According to the invention, the problems of static authority management, response lag and lack of linkage of a traditional access control system are solved, and the emergency response speed and the safety management intelligence level of a coal mine are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine safety technology, specifically to an intelligent access control system based on dynamic strategies. Background Technology

[0002] As a vital energy extraction industry, coal mines operate in complex and ever-changing underground environments, posing numerous safety hazards such as gas explosions, fires, water inrushes, and roof collapses, severely threatening the lives of personnel and mine facilities. Therefore, developing emergency response plans is a crucial aspect of coal mine safety management. However, traditional coal mine access control systems have several shortcomings in addressing these risks, specifically as follows: 1. Static access control, lacking dynamic responsiveness. Existing coal mine access control systems typically adopt a fixed access control mode, meaning that personnel access permissions remain unchanged after initial settings and cannot be dynamically adjusted according to changes in the underground environment. Access control adjustments rely entirely on manual operation, and there is a certain amount of time between the discovery of an anomaly and the completion of the permission change. It is also impossible to dynamically adjust access permissions based on real-time environmental data (such as gas concentration, temperature, etc.). In emergencies, it cannot automatically identify and prioritize the release of rescue personnel, resulting in slow response speed and potential delays in the best response time.

[0003] 2. The system lacks emergency response capabilities. In coal mine accidents, rapid response and coordinated handling are crucial, but existing access control systems have the following shortcomings: they are disconnected from other safety systems (e.g., when gas levels exceed limits, the access control system cannot automatically link with ventilation equipment or close access control in relevant areas).

[0004] 3. Lacks the ability to assist in accident rescue. Accident rescue is a crucial part of coal mine emergency plans, but traditional access control systems lack the ability to assist in accident rescue.

[0005] Therefore, a more intelligent access control system needs to be designed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent access control system for coal mines. Addressing the aforementioned industry pain points, this invention proposes an intelligent access control system for coal mines that can integrate coal mine emergency plans and generate dynamic strategies to achieve functions such as dynamic adjustment of access permissions, multi-system linkage, and assistance in accident rescue, significantly improving the level of intelligence in coal mine safety management and emergency response capabilities.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention provides an intelligent access control system for coal mines, including an access control host, an identity recognition device, and an actuator, and further comprising: The dynamic strategy generation module, integrated into the access control host, is used to receive and analyze environmental monitoring data from the coal mine safety monitoring system, and automatically generate dynamic access control strategies based on the preset coal mine emergency plan. The emergency linkage interface module is physically connected to the access control host via a hardware bus. It is used to receive linkage instructions generated by the dynamic strategy generation module and to interact with the coal mine safety monitoring system for data exchange and instruction transmission. The dynamic strategy generation module and the emergency response interface module are connected via an internal communication bus to enable real-time transmission of strategy commands.

[0008] Furthermore, the dynamic strategy generation module includes: The environmental data analysis unit is used to process real-time monitoring data from any one of the following: gas sensor, temperature sensor, oxygen sensor, camera, thermal imager, or microphone, or to process manually triggered safety accident alarm signals. The strategy matching unit stores multiple standard emergency plans and can automatically match the optimal plan based on changes in environmental data. The instruction generation unit is used to convert the matched pre-set plans into specific access control instructions.

[0009] The environmental data analysis unit employs a weighted risk assessment algorithm, specifically: Basic risk assessment model:

[0010] In the formula: R is the comprehensive risk value (range 0~10), W i S represents the sensor weighting coefficient. i Standardize the sensor data into scores.

[0011] Sensor weight allocation: Among them: the weighting coefficient of the temperature sensor is W1=0.5, which is used to evaluate abnormal ambient temperature; the weighting coefficient of the smoke sensor is W2=0.5, which is used to evaluate fire risk and toxic risk. Sensor data standardization score calculation:

[0012] In the formula, S i S is derived from the standardized sensor data. i The upper limit is truncated to 3, V i T represents the actual measured value from the sensor. i This is the safety threshold.

[0013] Preferably, the dynamic access control strategy includes at least one of the following: Switch to emergency authentication method in emergency situations; Automatically adjust access control levels based on hazard level; Automatically unlocks the preset emergency exit.

[0014] Preferably, the permission level adjustment includes: Elevate the access privileges of rescue personnel to the highest level; Restrict non-essential personnel from entering dangerous areas; Temporarily lift access restrictions in specific areas.

[0015] Furthermore, emergency authentication methods include at least one of the following: Using infrared images from thermal imagers as a means of identity verification; Using the characteristics of the protective clothing worn by rescue workers captured by cameras as a means of identity verification; Using specific gestures captured by a camera as a means of identity verification; Identify specific passwords recorded by the microphone as a means of authentication.

[0016] Furthermore, intelligent access control systems in coal mines automatically identify the characteristics of rescuers' specialized protective clothing using intelligent image recognition technology to determine their identity.

[0017] Furthermore, the emergency response interface module supports at least one of the following response methods: When a fire is detected, the fire doors will automatically open to facilitate the escape of personnel and the sprinkler system will be activated at the same time to extinguish the fire and provide disaster relief. When the water level in the mine exceeds the set level, an alarm is triggered and the waterproof gate is automatically closed.

[0018] Furthermore, the dynamic strategy involves activating a rescue assistance mechanism based on environmental changes and the coal mine emergency plan.

[0019] Preferably, the activation of the rescue assistance mechanism involves conducting dynamic personnel tracking, Preferably, the activation of the rescue assistance mechanism involves sending early warning information about gas over-limit, fire, and oxygen deficiency hazards to on-site personnel.

[0020] Furthermore, it also includes a historical data analysis unit, used to predict potential risks based on historical accident data and real-time monitoring information.

[0021] Based on historical accident data and real-time monitoring information, the following time series prediction model formula is used to predict potential risks, and the risk is predicted according to historical data analysis units:

[0022] in: The current predicted value represents the probability of water infiltration risk at time t, and its value ranges from [0,1]. y t-1 The historical actual value represents the actual risk value at time t-1, and its value range is [0,1]. The historical predicted value represents the predicted risk value at time t-1, and its value range is [0,1]. α is the historical weight coefficient, representing the decay factor of the actual value, used to control the weight of new and old data, and its value range is [0,1]. The geological correction coefficient represents the enhancement factor of geological risk, and its value ranges from [0,1]. GeologicalRISK is the geological risk value, representing a real-time geological risk score, with a value range of [0,1].

[0023] The intelligent access control system for coal mines of the present invention achieves the following significant technical effects through a dynamic strategy generation module and an emergency linkage interface module: Dynamic access control: Automatically adjusts access permissions based on real-time environmental monitoring data (such as gas concentration, temperature, oxygen content, etc.), enhances the access rights of rescue personnel, restricts non-essential personnel from entering dangerous areas, and significantly shortens emergency response time.

[0024] Intelligent emergency response linkage: Seamlessly integrated with the coal mine safety monitoring system, enabling multi-system collaborative response (such as automatically linking the ventilation system when gas exceeds the limit, automatically opening fire doors to allow personnel to escape during a fire, and simultaneously activating the sprinkler system for fire fighting and disaster relief), thereby enhancing the efficiency of accident response.

[0025] Using infrared images from thermal imagers as a means of identity verification; Using the characteristics of the protective clothing worn by rescue workers captured by cameras as a means of identity verification; Using specific gestures captured by a camera as a means of identity verification; Identifying specific passwords recorded by the microphone as a means of identity verification Rescue assistance function: In emergency situations, the system can quickly identify rescuers or other personnel through infrared image recognition, intelligent image recognition technology, gesture recognition technology, and verbal recognition technology, simplifying the verification process; it also supports dynamic tracking of personnel and real-time hazard warnings (such as gas over-limit, fire, etc.), providing critical information support for rescue.

[0026] Risk prediction capability: Based on historical accident data and real-time monitoring information, potential risks are analyzed, and preventive access control strategies are generated in advance to further enhance the initiative and intelligence level of coal mine safety management. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a system architecture diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the dynamic strategy generation module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the weighted risk assessment algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is the workflow of the prediction model based on historical data in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, but this does not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In this invention, for clarity, the following description is provided: The observer faces the attached... Figure 1 When conducting observations, the observer's left rear is designated as front, the observer's right front as rear, the observer's left front as right, the observer's right rear as left, the observer's top as up, and the observer's bottom as down. It should be noted that the terms "front side," "rear side," "upper side," "lower side," "inner," "above," and "below" used in this document indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the accompanying drawings. These are merely for the purpose of clearly describing the invention and do not indicate or imply that the structures or components referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for the purpose of clarity or simplification of description and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or quantity.

[0030] Example 1: An intelligent access control system for coal mines As attached Figure 1 As shown, the intelligent access control system for coal mines includes an access control host 1, an identity recognition device 2, and an actuator 3, as well as a dynamic strategy generation module 11 and an emergency linkage interface module 12. Among these, The access control host 1 adopts an industrial embedded industrial control computer.

[0031] The dynamic policy generation module 11 runs as software on the host.

[0032] The emergency linkage interface module 12 adopts a hardware PCIe interface expansion card, which includes an optocoupler isolation circuit and a Modbus protocol stack, and is directly connected to the access control host through a PCIe x1 slot.

[0033] Specifically, the communication link between the modules is as follows: the dynamic strategy generation module and the emergency linkage interface module transmit instructions via an SPI serial bus; the communication protocol uses a custom binary frame.

[0034] The actuator 3 includes a ventilation system 41, a fire door controller 42, and a fire gate 43.

[0035] Operational Procedure: Gas Over-Limit Interlock Ventilation Scenario First, data input (triggering dynamic strategies): the coal mine safety monitoring system detects a methane concentration of 1.5% at the mining face (threshold 1.0%), and the data is pushed to the access control host via the OPC UA protocol; Next, a dynamic strategy is generated. The dynamic strategy generation module analyzes the gas concentration value, determines the exceedance level (Level 2), matches the preset plan "Gas Exceedance - Level 2 Response," and generates access control commands and linkage commands. (Appendix) Figure 2 Flowchart for generating dynamic strategy modules. Then, the emergency linkage is executed. The instruction transmission path is as follows: after the access control instruction is processed internally by the host, it is sent to the actuator (electric door lock) via RS485 bus. The emergency linkage interface module parses the SPI frame, extracts instruction code 0x02 (ventilation system control), converts the instruction into OPC UA protocol, and sends it to the ventilation system controller via the Ethernet port.

[0036] Execution result: The ventilation system increases airflow to 100% within 500ms; The access control system for the mining area has been switched to "rescue personnel only" mode.

[0037] After testing at a coal mine in Henan Province, the technical effects compared with the existing system are as follows:

[0038] Example 2: Implementation of Dynamic Access Control and Rescue Authentication in a Fire Scenario Scenario: A fire broke out in the electromechanical chamber of an underground coal mine due to a short circuit in the cable.

[0039] The underground electromechanical chamber is a specially excavated enclosed roadway space in a coal mine, used for the installation, inspection, maintenance, and upkeep of various electromechanical equipment. It is the "heart" of the underground power supply, distribution, control, communication, and power systems, and its characteristics include: Power supply hub: It is equipped with substations, distribution points, rectifiers, etc., to provide power for mining faces, transportation systems, drainage systems, etc.

[0040] Centralized equipment: housing transformers, high and low voltage switchgear, frequency converters, communication control cabinets, battery charging equipment, etc.

[0041] Inspection and maintenance: Provide space and conditions for daily inspections, troubleshooting, and spare parts replacement.

[0042] The intelligent access control system for coal mines in this embodiment is connected to temperature and smoke sensors in the underground electromechanical chamber. The system operates when the following environmental parameters are detected in the underground electromechanical chamber: the temperature sensor detects an ambient temperature of 120°C (exceeding the 80°C safety threshold); the smoke sensor detects a smoke concentration of 25% obs / m³ (exceeding the 5% safety threshold); and on-site personnel simultaneously trigger the emergency alarm button.

[0043] Operation process of intelligent access control system in coal mine: First, the environmental data analysis unit operates by receiving real-time data from multiple sensors. For example, it receives data from a temperature sensor (120°C), a smoke sensor (25% obs / m), and a manual alarm signal triggered by the emergency button in the electromechanical chamber.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, the environmental data analysis unit employs a weighted risk assessment algorithm, specifically: 1. Basic Risk Assessment Model

[0045] In the formula: R is the comprehensive risk value (range 0~10), W i S represents the sensor weighting coefficient. i Standardize the sensor data into scores.

[0046] 2. Sensor weight allocation in: The temperature sensor weighting coefficient W1=0.5 is used to evaluate abnormal ambient temperature. The smoke sensor weighting coefficient W2=0.5 is used to evaluate fire risk and toxic risk; 3. Calculation of sensor data standardization score

[0047] In the formula, S i S is derived from the standardized sensor data. i The upper limit is truncated to 3, V i T represents the actual measured value from the sensor. i This is the safety threshold.

[0048] 4. Manual alarm signal adjustment, When a manual alarm signal is received simultaneously, an additive coefficient of 1.5 is applied, meaning the actual comprehensive risk value is R × 1.5 calculated above.

[0049] Example of strategy matching unit operation: If the calculated fire risk level is the highest (LEVEL 2), the strategy matching unit matches the preset "Fire Contingency Plan-002" according to the fire risk level LEVEL 2, and the measures are as follows: Identity verification strategy: Enable three emergency verification methods: thermal imaging infrared recognition, protective clothing feature recognition, and gesture recognition; Access control strategy: Rescue personnel access is increased to the highest level (level 99), non-essential personnel are prohibited from entering dangerous areas, and maintenance personnel access is restricted to specific areas.

[0050] Access control strategy: Automatically unlock the south emergency access passage E5 and exhaust passage E7. Instruction generation unit execution: The instruction generation unit converts the pre-planned instructions into executable instructions: Authentication command: Thermal imaging recognition mode: Set body temperature threshold to 36.5±0.5℃.

[0051] Gesture recognition mode: Enable "arms crossed over chest" as the verification gesture. Access control order: The rescue team's access level is increased to 99, and the access level of non-essential personnel is reduced to 0 (no passage allowed).

[0052] Access control command: Send unlock command to the electronic door locks of emergency passage E5 and exhaust passage E7 on the south side; Emergency Authentication Implementation: In a fire scenario, the system initiates multimodal emergency authentication, including: Thermal imaging infrared recognition: When rescuers approach the verification area, the thermal imager collects infrared images of the human body, the system detects body temperature characteristics (37.2℃) and human body contour characteristics, and after the liveness detection algorithm confirms that the person is a living person, the access control is opened; Protective suit feature recognition: The camera captures the reflective stripe features of the orange protective suits of the rescuers, and the image recognition algorithm matches them with a pre-stored protective suit feature database. Once the feature match is successful, the rescuers are automatically allowed to pass.

[0053] Gesture recognition: When trapped personnel make a "cross your arms over your chest" gesture in front of the camera, the system recognizes the gesture feature code, matches it with the preset gesture library, and unlocks the safety passage.

[0054] Password recognition: When trapped personnel or rescuers shout the pre-recorded password "Open Sesame", the microphone collects voiceprint features. The matching rate reaches 92%, and the access control is unlocked after exceeding the 85% threshold.

[0055] The permission hierarchy adjustment is implemented, and the system automatically updates the permission matrix according to the fire severity level: Rescue team permissions: Increased from level 70 to a maximum of level 99, allowing access to all areas, including dangerous restricted zones; Maintenance personnel access level has been reduced from 60 to 30. They are only allowed to enter their assigned areas and are prohibited from entering areas outside their assigned areas. Non-essential personnel access privileges: downgraded from level 40 to level 0 (no access allowed), completely prohibiting entry into the electromechanical chamber and surrounding areas; Temporary permissions for trapped personnel: Granted Level 50 permissions, allowing them to evacuate through the emergency exit.

[0056] The system provides precise control over the electromechanical chamber area: Unlocked areas: South Emergency Passage E5: A safe route to the main tunnel; Exhaust duct E7: Direct outlet to the ground; Lockdown area: Equipment room entrance: Set 80 levels of access restrictions; Cable layer staircase: Set access restrictions to level 90; Resolving permission conflicts: Rescue personnel permissions automatically cover area restrictions Maintenance personnel's access rights automatically expire when they are outside their area of ​​responsibility.

[0057] Technical effectiveness verification: During fire emergency response, the system achieves the following technical effects: 1. Improved identity verification efficiency; 2. Optimized the timeliness of permission adjustments; 3. Accelerated channel response; 4. Overall rescue efficiency improved.

[0058] Example 3: Dynamic Decision-Making Implementation of Intelligent Access Control System for Coal Mines Based on Thermal Imager The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 (Intelligent Access Control System for Coal Mines) is as follows: 1. Replace the temperature sensor and smoke sensor in Example 2 with a thermal imager to detect the surface temperature of objects and the ambient smoke in the underground electromechanical chamber.

[0059] 2. Based on monitoring data from thermal imagers, the intelligent access control system for coal mines, in addition to implementing dynamic access control and rescue identity verification, also automatically activates pre-equipment handling plans. Specifically: The principle of thermal imagers in detecting the surface temperature of objects is to convert the infrared radiation energy emitted by the object into an equivalent temperature according to Planck's law.

[0060] The algorithm used by thermal imagers to detect the surface temperature of objects is as follows: Step-1: If the timestamp alignment error between the visible light frame and the thermal image frame is less than 1 ms, establish a dual-channel queue.

[0061] Step-2 Visible light smoke detection 2.1 Dust and fog removal: Dark passage prior + CLAHE enhancement.

[0062] 2.2 Target detection: YOLOv5-s-smoke, outputting the smoke bounding box B_vis and confidence score p_vis. 2.3 Temporal filtering: Three consecutive frames with IoU > 0.7 are considered stable smoke.

[0063] Step 3 Infrared Low-Temperature Diffusion Detection 3.1 Background Modeling: Based on the improved ViBe, the adaptive threshold is adjusted according to the dust concentration.

[0064] 3.2 Low-temperature diffusion criterion: ΔT < –5 K, area > 0.05 m² 2 If the divergence div > 0.3, generate an infrared mask M_ir.

[0065] 3.3 Morphology: 3×3 opening operation to remove device hotspot noise.

[0066] Step 4: Dual-mode fusion projects M_ir onto the visible light coordinate system M_ir′ using the homography matrix H. Calculate IoU = |B_vis ∩ M_ir′| / |B_vis ∪ M_ir′|. Fusion rule: If IoU ≥ 0.6 and p_vis ≥ 0.75 THEN, trigger the "Smoke Confirmation" event E_S. The event includes: chamber number, cabinet number, centroid coordinates, smoke area, and maximum temperature difference.

[0067] The dynamic decision-making and hierarchical response strategy of the intelligent access control system for coal mines is as follows: Level-1 abnormal temperature rise (T_max>80 °C, no smoke) →Local yellow alert issued, wind turbines accelerated to 150% of rated air volume.

[0068] Level-2 Smoke Confirmation (E_S) → Red Alert: *The audible and visual alarm is activated; * The PLC immediately cuts off the power supply to the switchgear in that row; * Ground dispatch station pop-up window + GIS positioning + SMS push to duty mobile phone.

[0069] Level-3: Open flame or high temperature >120 °C and smoke area >0.3 m² 2 .

[0070] →In an emergency shutdown, all power to the chamber is cut off, and water spray or aerosol fire suppression is activated.

[0071] On-site verification results: March 2025: During a 30-day trial run at a central substation in a mine in Henan Province, a smoldering smoke incident caused by a loose cable joint was successfully detected, with a warning time of 8.4 seconds.

[0072] The advantages of using thermal imagers instead of temperature and smoke sensors are: 1. Strong penetration: It can clearly image in dusty, water-vapor, and dark environments.

[0073] 2. High precision: The temperature resolution of mining equipment is up to ±0.1℃.

[0074] 3. Non-contact temperature measurement: Avoids the safety risks of traditional contact temperature measurement and is suitable for high-pressure environments.

[0075] Example 4: Predictive Response and Multi-System Interaction for Water Inrush Accidents Scenario: A coal mine has entered the rainy season, and the underground water level is rising continuously. Historical data shows that the mine has experienced three water inrush accidents. Current real-time monitoring parameters: Water level sensor: +1.8m / d (exceeding the safe rate of +0.5m / d); Humidity sensor: 98% RH (>95% for 12 consecutive hours); Geological vibration meter: Micro-vibration frequency increased to 5 times / hour.

[0076] System operation process: like Figure 4 As shown: 1. Predict risks based on historical data analysis units; The following time series forecasting model formula is used to predict risk based on historical data analysis units.

[0077] in: The current predicted value represents the probability of water infiltration risk at time t, and its value ranges from [0,1]. y t-1 The historical actual value represents the actual risk value at time t-1, and its value range is [0,1]. The historical predicted value represents the predicted risk value at time t-1, and its value range is [0,1]. α is the historical weight coefficient, representing the decay factor of the actual value, used to control the weight of new and old data, and its value range is [0,1]. The geological correction coefficient represents the enhancement factor of geological risk, and its value ranges from [0,1]. GeologicalRISKThe geological risk value represents the real-time geological risk score, with a value range of [0,1].

[0078] Input historical data (water inrush events in the past 5 years):

[0079] Real-time prediction output: Probability of water permeability = 0.7 × (1.8 / 2.5) + 0.2 × (5 / 3) + 0.1 × 0.98 = 0.82 (High risk) Warning: 82% risk of water seepage in Zone B within the next 2 hours. 2. Execution of the strategy matching unit: The risk response strategy plan is as follows: High risk (≥0.7) → Waterproof gate standby, drainage system pre-start, personnel tracking, and early warning broadcast; Medium risk (0.4≦) <0.7) → Warning broadcasts and drainage systems are on standby; Low risk <0.4) → Regular monitoring.

[0080] Execution: Preventative instructions (2 hours in advance): including locking the waterproof gates, starting the drainage system for pre-pumping, activating the personnel tracking mechanism for rescue operations, and broadcasting early warnings.

[0081] Accident response instructions (when water level exceeds limit): Close the waterproof gate in Zone B.

[0082] Emergency response coordination and execution, specifically involving multi-system collaborative operations:

[0083] Technical effect comparison

[0084] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent access control system for coal mines, comprising an access control host, an identification device, and an actuator, characterized in that, Also includes: The dynamic strategy generation module, integrated into the access control host, is used to receive and analyze environmental monitoring data from the coal mine safety monitoring system, and automatically generate dynamic access control strategies based on the preset coal mine emergency plan. The emergency linkage interface module is physically connected to the access control host via a hardware bus. It is used to receive linkage instructions generated by the dynamic strategy generation module and to interact with the coal mine safety monitoring system for data exchange and instruction transmission. The dynamic strategy generation module and the emergency response interface module are connected via an internal communication bus to enable real-time transmission of strategy commands.

2. The intelligent access control system for coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic strategy generation module includes: The environmental data analysis unit is used to process real-time monitoring data from any one of the following: gas sensor, temperature sensor, oxygen sensor, camera, thermal imager, or microphone, or to process manually triggered safety accident alarm signals. The strategy matching unit stores multiple standard emergency plans and can automatically match the optimal plan based on changes in environmental data. The instruction generation unit is used to convert the matched pre-set plans into specific access control instructions.

3. An intelligent access control system for coal mines, characterized in that, The environmental data analysis unit employs a weighted risk assessment algorithm, specifically: Basic risk assessment model: In the formula: R is the comprehensive risk value (range 0~10), W i S represents the sensor weighting coefficient. i Standardize the sensor data into scores. Sensor weight allocation: Among them: the weighting coefficient of the temperature sensor is W1=0.5, which is used to evaluate abnormal ambient temperature; the weighting coefficient of the smoke sensor is W2=0.5, which is used to evaluate fire risk and toxic risk. Sensor data standardization score calculation: In the formula, S i S is derived from the standardized sensor data. i The upper limit is truncated to 3, V i T represents the actual measured value from the sensor. i This is the safety threshold.

4. The intelligent access control system for coal mines according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The dynamic access control strategy includes at least one of the following: Switch to emergency authentication method in emergency situations; Automatically adjust access control levels based on hazard level; Automatically unlocks the preset emergency exit.

5. The intelligent access control system for coal mines according to claim 4, characterized in that, The emergency authentication method includes at least one of the following: Using infrared images from thermal imagers as a means of identity verification; Using the characteristics of the protective clothing worn by rescue workers captured by cameras as a means of identity verification; Using specific gestures captured by a camera as a means of identity verification; Identify specific passwords recorded by the microphone as a means of authentication.

6. The intelligent access control system for coal mines according to claim 3, characterized in that, The permission level adjustment includes: Elevate the access privileges of rescue personnel to the highest level; Restrict non-essential personnel from entering dangerous areas; Temporarily lift access restrictions in specific areas.

7. The intelligent access control system for coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The emergency response interface module supports at least one of the following response methods: When the gas concentration exceeds the limit, the ventilation system is automatically triggered to increase the air volume; When a fire is detected, the fire doors will automatically open to facilitate the escape of personnel and the sprinkler system will be activated at the same time to extinguish the fire and provide disaster relief. When the water level in the mine exceeds the set level, an alarm is triggered and the waterproof gate is automatically closed.

8. The intelligent access control system for coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic strategy involves activating a rescue assistance mechanism based on environmental changes and the coal mine emergency plan.

9. The intelligent access control system for coal mines according to claim 7, characterized in that, The aforementioned activation of the rescue assistance mechanism includes conducting dynamic personnel tracking and issuing early warnings to on-site personnel regarding gas over-limit, fire, and oxygen deficiency hazards.

10. The intelligent access control system for coal mines according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a historical data analysis unit, used to predict potential risks based on historical accident data and real-time monitoring information; The prediction of potential risks based on historical accident data and real-time monitoring information adopts the following time series prediction model formula, which predicts risks based on historical data analysis units: in: The current predicted value represents the probability of water infiltration risk at time t, and its value ranges from [0,1]. y t-1 The historical actual value represents the actual risk value at time t-1, and its value range is [0,1]. The historical predicted value represents the predicted risk value at time t-1, and its value range is [0,1]. α is the historical weight coefficient, representing the decay factor of the actual value, used to control the weight of new and old data, and its value range is [0,1]. The geological correction coefficient represents the enhancement factor of geological risk, and its value ranges from [0,1]. GeologicalRISK is the geological risk value, representing a real-time geological risk score, with a value range of [0,1].

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