Modularized lithium battery pack based on near field wireless communication and communication loop structure

Abstract

The invention provides a modularized lithium battery pack based on near field wireless communication and a communication loop structure, the modularized lithium battery pack comprises a battery assembly, the battery assembly comprises a lower shell, the top of the lower shell is movably provided with an upper cover, the upper cover is provided with an opening, the opening is internally and movably provided with an electrode column, and the electrode column is connected with the lower shell. A lithium battery is movably installed in the lower shell, a metal row is fixed to the top of the lithium battery, and an insulating plate is movably installed on the top of the metal row and the top of the lithium battery. According to the invention, the master control circuit board and the corresponding slave control circuit board adopt the same antenna system design, communication is established between the master board and the slave board, total positive and total negative after series connection of batteries are accessed to the master control board, and the master control board controls a corresponding power loop through an MOS and obtains current through a sampling resistor or an SHUNT connected in series in the power loop. And the mainboard estimates the state of the battery according to the acquired cell voltage, temperature and current information acquired by the slave board, performs fault diagnosis, and cuts off the circuit through the MOS when a fault occurs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lithium battery equipment, specifically to a modular lithium battery pack and communication circuit structure based on near-field wireless communication. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional battery modules are connected using wired communication methods such as buses or analog sampling lines, which have problems such as complex wiring and high failure rate. The metal contacts between battery modules are susceptible to corrosion and oxidation, which can lead to communication interruption or data transmission errors. Furthermore, expanding the number of series-connected battery packs requires rewiring or adding sampling circuit design. After expansion, professionals need to manually configure the relevant controller system parameters, making it difficult to achieve flexible networking.

[0003] Existing wireless communication solutions have limitations. Long-range radio frequency technology solutions have high power consumption and weak anti-interference capabilities, making them unsuitable for dense deployment scenarios. They also make it difficult to identify the position of the battery module in a series connection. Near-field communication technologies are not integrated with the structure. For example, existing NFC applications do not integrate the antenna with the physical structure of the battery, and there are no applications for real-time data transmission. Bluetooth and starlight communication methods have excessively long communication distances, resulting in significant interference between signals in dense deployments, and they are also not convenient for identifying the physical series connection position. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a modular lithium battery pack and communication circuit structure based on near-field wireless communication to solve the problems mentioned in the background. The present invention has a novel structure. In use, near-field wireless communication replaces traditional wired connections and signal lines, improving system reliability. A planar antenna is integrated on the side of the battery module. When connected in series, the side contacts form a closed magnetic field coupling loop, and the communication distance is ≤4cm.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a modular lithium battery pack and communication circuit structure based on near-field wireless communication, including a battery assembly, the battery assembly including a lower housing, a top cover movably mounted on the top of the lower housing, an opening on the top cover, an electrode post movably mounted inside the opening, a lithium battery movably mounted inside the lower housing, a metal busbar fixed on the top of the lithium battery, an insulating plate movably mounted between the metal busbar and the top of the lithium battery, a data acquisition plate fixed on the top of the insulating plate, and a flexible antenna fixed on the side of the data acquisition plate.

[0006] Furthermore, one end of each electrode post is fixed to the acquisition plate, and connecting wires are fixedly installed between the electrode posts.

[0007] Furthermore, a control module is fixed to one end of the connecting wire, and a fixing groove is opened on the control module. A metal plate is fixed inside the fixing groove, and one end of the metal plate is connected to the flexible antenna.

[0008] Furthermore, the lithium battery is composed of multiple rectangular independent battery modules cascaded together, and each independent battery module is composed of one or more battery cells.

[0009] Furthermore, the control module is equipped with a voltage and temperature acquisition circuit board, an integrated near-field radio frequency chip, and two corresponding side antennas.

[0010] Furthermore, the antenna is arranged on the side of each independent rectangular battery module, and when cascaded, the sides of adjacent modules contact to form a communication loop.

[0011] Furthermore, after the flexible antenna is bent at 90 degrees, it is attached to the inner side of the lower housing.

[0012] Furthermore, the flexible antenna includes a communication loop, which is coupled to each other in pairs through the magnetic field of the side antennas to transmit information sequentially, automatically realize networking and location identification, and finally form a data transmission link.

[0013] Furthermore, the acquisition board includes an AFE (analog front end), an MCU (microcontroller), and an RF chip, which can support communication protocols such as NFC, Bluetooth, and StarFlash.

[0014] Furthermore, the lithium battery consists of five independent 12V battery modules, and each module contains four lithium battery cells connected in series.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0016] 1. In this invention, near-field wireless communication is used to replace traditional wired connections and signal lines, thereby improving system reliability. A planar antenna is integrated on the side of the battery module. When connected in series, the side contacts form a closed magnetic field coupling loop, and the communication distance is ≤4cm.

[0017] 2. In this invention, the main control circuit board and the corresponding slave control circuit board should adopt the same antenna system design. The main board and the slave board establish communication. The total positive and total negative of the batteries connected in series are connected to the main control board. The main control board controls the corresponding power circuit through MOS and obtains the current through the sampling resistor or SHUNT connected in series in the power circuit. The main board estimates the state of the battery and diagnoses faults based on the cell voltage, temperature and current information collected by the slave board. When a fault occurs, the circuit is cut off through MOS. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the battery module of the modular lithium battery pack and communication circuit structure based on near-field wireless communication according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the battery explosion structure of the modular lithium battery pack and communication circuit structure based on near-field wireless communication according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the modular lithium battery pack and communication circuit structure based on near-field wireless communication according to the present invention, which is assembled in series with modules.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the modular lithium battery pack and communication circuit structure based on near-field wireless communication of the present invention after the lower housing has been removed;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the signal acquisition structure of the modular lithium battery pack and communication loop structure based on near-field wireless communication according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the first principle scheme of the acquisition circuit board of the modular lithium battery pack and communication loop structure based on near-field wireless communication of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the second principle scheme of the acquisition circuit board for the modular lithium battery pack and communication loop structure based on near-field wireless communication of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a block diagram of the main control board circuit of the modular lithium battery pack and communication loop structure based on near-field wireless communication of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a communication timing diagram of the modular lithium battery pack and communication loop structure based on near-field wireless communication of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 10 This is a half-enlarged view of the communication timing diagram of the modular lithium battery pack and communication loop structure based on near-field wireless communication of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 11 This is a half-enlarged view of the communication timing diagram of the modular lithium battery pack and communication loop structure based on near-field wireless communication of the present invention.

[0029] In the diagram: 1. Lower housing; 2. Upper cover; 3. Electrode post; 4. Opening; 5. Acquisition board; 6. Flexible antenna; 7. Insulating plate; 8. Lithium battery; 9. Metal busbar; 10. Connecting wire; 11. Control module; 12. Fixing slot; 13. Metal plate. Detailed Implementation

[0030] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0031] Please see Figures 1 to 11 This invention provides a technical solution: a modular lithium battery pack and communication circuit structure based on near-field wireless communication, including a battery assembly. The battery assembly includes a lower housing 1, a top cover 2 movably mounted on the top of the lower housing 1, an opening 4 on the top cover 2, an electrode post 3 movably mounted inside the opening 4, a lithium battery 8 movably mounted inside the lower housing 1, a metal busbar 9 fixed on the top of the lithium battery 8, an insulating plate 7 movably mounted on the metal busbar 9 and the top of the lithium battery 8, and a data acquisition plate 5 fixedly mounted on the top of the insulating plate 7. The acquisition board 5 is fixed with a flexible antenna 6 on its side. The lower housing 1 is made of flame-retardant PC / ABS material (UL94V-0 grade) with dimensions of 267mm×77mm×170mm. The acquisition board 5 is integrated on the top of the battery cell. There is an insulating plate 7 between the acquisition board 5 and the battery cell. The flexible antenna 6 is connected to the left and right sides of the middle of the acquisition board 5. After the flexible antenna 6 is bent at 90 degrees, it is attached to the inner side of the lower housing 1 of the battery. The side integrates a planar spiral antenna (0.1mm line width, 8 turns, PI flexible substrate). The distance between the antenna and the battery shell is ≤0.5mm.

[0032] In this embodiment, one end of the electrode post 3 is fixed to the acquisition plate 5. A connecting wire 10 is fixedly installed between the electrode posts 3. A control module 11 is fixed to one end of the connecting wire 10. A fixing slot 12 is opened on the control module 11. A metal plate 13 is fixed inside the fixing slot 12. One end of the metal plate 13 is connected to the flexible antenna 6. The lithium battery 8 is composed of multiple rectangular independent battery modules cascaded together. Each independent battery module is composed of one or more cells. The lithium battery cells are connected in series by spot welding with nickel strips or aluminum foil. The acquisition plate 4 is connected to the motor post 3 through a window with nickel foil and insulating paper. The acquisition accuracy is ±0.5%FS (voltage) and ±1℃ (temperature). The system is electrically connected. The positive and negative electrodes of the rectangular lithium battery modules are arranged in an S-shape with the ends staggered. The negative and positive electrode wires are connected by bolts. The battery modules are tightly fitted together (distance ≤1cm). The main control antenna is attached to the outside of the first or last battery module in series.

[0033] 5. The modular lithium battery pack and communication circuit structure based on near-field wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: a voltage and temperature acquisition circuit board, an integrated near-field radio frequency chip, and two corresponding side antennas are fixedly installed in the control module 11. The antennas are arranged on the side of each independent rectangular battery module. When cascaded, the side contacts of adjacent modules form a communication circuit. The flexible antenna 6 is bent at 90 degrees and attached to the inner side of the lower housing 1. The flexible antenna 6 includes a communication circuit. The communication circuits are coupled to each other in pairs through the magnetic field of the side antennas to transmit information in sequence, automatically realize networking and location identification, and finally form a data transmission link.

[0034] In this embodiment, the acquisition board 5 includes an AFE analog front end, an MCU microcontroller and an RF chip, which can support communication protocols such as NFC, Bluetooth and Star Flash. The lithium battery 8 is composed of 5 independent 12V battery modules, and each module contains 4 lithium battery cells connected in series.

[0035] Data acquisition board 5 can utilize solutions such as ultra-short-range Bluetooth or NFC to ensure that near-field radio frequency communication has the following characteristics: 1. The antenna has a certain directionality; 2. Short-range communication ≤2cm

[0036] Option 1: Based on an ultra-short-range directional Bluetooth communication solution, the core components are as follows:

[0037] AFE: DVC1110-1 series, supports monitoring of 4 to 10 battery cells, integrates overvoltage / undervoltage / overtemperature / temperature loss alarm protection functions, and has a sleep current of 60 microamps.

[0038] MCU: Two N32WB452CEQ6 chips, 144MHz clock speed, built-in BLE5.0 MCU chip, TX / RX power consumption 3.5mA, transmit power +3dBm, receive sensitivity -94dBm, sleep mode 6µA.

[0039] RF antenna: Microstrip patch antenna. By adjusting the patch size and feeding method, a beamwidth of ±30° to 60° can be achieved. By adjusting and calibrating the appropriate transmit power, the effective signal distance can be controlled within 2cm.

[0040] Power management: Uses an LDO (SL54M33SE) to convert the battery voltage to 3.3V, with low power consumption of 2.1 microamps.

[0041] Option 2: Based on NFC communication, the core components are as follows:

[0042] AFE and MCU integration solution: The DVC2006 includes an AFE and an 8-bit MCU core, supports monitoring of 4 to 6 battery cells, integrates overvoltage / undervoltage / overtemperature / temperature loss alarm protection functions, and the MCU has I2C communication function.

[0043] Radio frequency chip: Two NXPPN7150 chips are used, which integrate NFC real-time restriction, protocol and device discovery functions, and can be configured to passive or active mode (card mode slave or peer-to-peer mode) via I2C.

[0044] RF antenna: Near-sound coupling coil, standard 3.56MHz coil design, using a 2mm diameter PCB spiral coil, combined with high permeability medium (such as ferrite) for anti-interference.

[0045] Power management: Uses an LDO (SL54M33SE) to convert the battery voltage to 3.3V, with low power consumption of 2.1 microamps.

[0046] Working principle: When the device is in use, the antennas rely on the battery packs to establish a communication link when they are close to each other. Whether it is Bluetooth or NFC radio frequency, the main control board is always the active or master node by default. The radio frequency nodes of the slave boards inside the battery module, whether on side A or side B, are passive nodes by default. The main control board first connects to one side of battery module 1 (let's say side A, the radio frequency part close to the master) on the outside of the battery module to establish a communication connection. After the connection is completed, the unconnected side (side B) inside the battery module is activated as an active node. The side (side B) of module 1 that is activated as an active node connects to the passive node of the next battery module 2 that is close to it. This process is repeated to complete the establishment of the communication loop. When the active node of the last module of module N connects to the next module, a timeout period is set. After the timeout, if there are no subsequent connected battery modules, module N returns a communication network completion signal, and the communication loop is completed.

[0047] The main control circuit board and its corresponding slave control circuit board should use the same antenna system design to establish communication with the slave board. The total positive and negative terminals of the batteries connected in series are connected to the main control board. The main control board controls the corresponding power circuit through MOS and obtains the current through a sampling resistor or SHUNT connected in series in the power circuit. Based on the cell voltage, temperature, and current information collected by the slave board, the main board estimates the battery status, diagnoses faults, and cuts off the circuit through MOS when a fault occurs. The core components are as follows:

[0048] MCU: N32WB452CEQ6, 144MHz clock speed, built-in BLE5.0 MCU chip, TX / RX power consumption 3.5mA, transmit power +3dBm, receive sensitivity -94dBm, sleep mode 6µA.

[0049] MOSFET: LSGT10R013, N-channel MOSFET, withstand voltage 100V, overcurrent 265A at 100℃, internal resistance 1.35mΩ

[0050] Current sampling chip: INA226AIDGSR, which supports bidirectional current sampling. The acquired current data is transmitted to the MCU through an isolation chip.

[0051] NFC RF solution: NXP PN7150, integrating NFC real-time limiting, protocol and device discovery functions, host, can be configured to passive or active mode via I2C; configured with near-field coupled coil antenna, short-range Bluetooth RF solution: microstrip patch antenna.

[0052] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0053] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A modular lithium battery pack and communication circuit structure based on near-field wireless communication, comprising a battery assembly, characterized in that: The battery assembly includes a lower housing (1), a top cover (2) is movably mounted on the top of the lower housing (1), an opening (4) is opened on the top cover (2), an electrode post (3) is movably mounted inside the opening (4), a lithium battery (8) is movably mounted inside the lower housing (1), a metal busbar (9) is fixed on the top of the lithium battery (8), an insulating plate (7) is movably mounted on the metal busbar (9) and the top of the lithium battery (8), a data acquisition plate (5) is fixed on the top of the insulating plate (7), and a flexible antenna (6) is fixed on the side of the data acquisition plate (5).

2. The modular lithium battery pack and communication circuit structure based on near-field wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the electrode post (3) is fixed on the acquisition plate (5), and connecting wires (10) are fixedly installed between the electrode posts (3).

3. The modular lithium battery pack and communication circuit structure based on near-field wireless communication according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the connecting wire (10) is fixed with a control module (11), and a fixing groove (12) is opened on the control module (11). A metal plate (13) is fixed inside the fixing groove (12), and one end of the metal plate (13) is connected to the flexible antenna (6).

4. The modular lithium battery pack and communication circuit structure based on near-field wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lithium battery (8) is composed of multiple rectangular independent battery modules cascaded together, and each independent battery module is composed of one or more battery cells.

5. The modular lithium battery pack and communication circuit structure based on near-field wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module (11) is internally fixed with a voltage and temperature acquisition circuit board, an integrated near-field radio frequency chip, and two corresponding side antennas.

6. The modular lithium battery pack and communication circuit structure based on near-field wireless communication according to claim 5, characterized in that: The antenna is arranged on the side of each independent rectangular battery module, and when cascaded, the sides of adjacent modules contact each other to form a communication loop.

7. The modular lithium battery pack and communication circuit structure based on near-field wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible antenna (6) is bent 90 degrees and then attached to the inner side of the lower housing (1).

8. The modular lithium battery pack and communication circuit structure based on near-field wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible antenna (6) includes a communication circuit. The communication circuit is coupled to each other in pairs through the magnetic field of the side antennas, and transmits information in sequence to automatically realize networking and location identification, and finally form a data transmission link.

9. The modular lithium battery pack and communication circuit structure based on near-field wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquisition board (5) includes an AFE (analog front end), an MCU (microcontroller) and an RF chip, which can support communication protocols such as NFC, Bluetooth and StarFlash.

10. The modular lithium battery pack and communication circuit structure based on near-field wireless communication according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lithium battery (8) consists of 5 independent 12V battery modules, and each module contains 4 lithium battery cells connected in series.

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