Antenna array and communication equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of communication, and discloses an antenna array and communication equipment, the antenna array comprises a substrate assembly, a radiation unit, a feed assembly and a power division network assembly, the feed assembly comprises a first feed point, a second feed point, a first feed column and a second feed column, the first feeding point is used for exciting the radiation unit to generate a left-hand circular polarization signal, the second feeding point is used for exciting the radiation unit to generate a right-hand circular polarization signal, and the conductive connection structure is used for inhibiting electromagnetic coupling between the first feeding point and the second feeding point. Through the above mode, a plurality of antenna arrays which originally need to be separately deployed can be integrated into the unified substrate assembly, the platform surface area occupation and the overall weight burden are greatly reduced, and the mandatory isolation distance requirement between different antenna systems in a traditional scheme is eliminated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna array and a communication device. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demand for multi-task integration in electronic systems and the growing scarcity of spectrum resources, traditional multi-antenna solutions face serious challenges. Specifically, Ku-band directional communication data links (operating in the 12-18 GHz frequency range, mainly used for satellite communication, military data links, and high-speed data transmission systems) require phased array antennas to provide circular polarization, while X-band radar / data links (operating in the 8-12 GHz frequency range, the main operating frequency band for military and civilian radar systems, and also undertaking data link communication functions) require phased array antennas to have linear polarization capabilities.

[0003] In implementing the embodiments of this application, the inventors discovered that traditional multi-antenna solutions require separate antenna arrays for Ku-band circularly polarized communication and X-band linearly polarized radar. Each antenna system must meet the physical size requirements of its operating frequency band. The spacing between Ku-band antenna elements is approximately 12.5 mm, while the spacing between X-band antenna elements is approximately 15 mm. Furthermore, sufficient physical spacing must be maintained between antenna arrays of different frequency bands, typically requiring a spacing several times greater than the operating wavelength. This mandatory requirement for isolation distance makes the overall antenna system occupy an area far exceeding the simple sum of the areas of individual antenna arrays. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main technical problem solved by the embodiments of this application is to provide an antenna array that integrates multiple antenna arrays that originally needed to be deployed separately into a unified substrate assembly by setting up a substrate assembly, a first radiating assembly and a second radiating assembly. This greatly reduces the platform surface area occupation and overall weight burden, and also eliminates the mandatory isolation distance requirements between different antenna systems in traditional solutions, providing an ideal integrated solution for space-constrained airborne and shipborne platforms.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, one technical solution adopted in this application embodiment is: providing an antenna array, including a substrate assembly, a radiating element, a feeding assembly, and a power divider network assembly. The substrate assembly includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other. The radiating element includes a first radiating element and a second radiating element, which are respectively disposed on the substrate assembly. The feeding assembly is disposed on the first radiating element and includes a first feeding point, a second feeding point, a first feeding post, and a second feeding post. The first feeding post and the second feeding post are respectively disposed through the substrate assembly. The first feeding point is used to excite the radiating element to generate a left-hand circularly polarized signal, and the second feeding point is used to excite the radiating element to generate a right-hand circularly polarized signal. The power divider network assembly is disposed on the substrate assembly and is electrically connected to the first feeding point through the first feeding post and to the second feeding point through the second feeding post. A conductive connection structure is disposed through the substrate assembly and surrounds the radiating element. The conductive connection structure is used to suppress electromagnetic coupling between the first feeding point and the second feeding point.

[0006] Optionally, the substrate assembly includes a first radiating substrate, a second radiating substrate, a power dividing substrate, and at least one spacer substrate stacked in a preset order. The first radiating component is disposed on the first radiating substrate, the second radiating component is disposed on the second substrate, the power dividing network component is disposed on the power dividing substrate, and the spacer substrate is disposed between the radiating substrate and the power dividing substrate.

[0007] Optionally, the first radiating component is provided with a first chamfer and a second chamfer, the first chamfer and the second chamfer being arranged opposite to each other.

[0008] Optionally, the second radiating component is a circular radiating patch.

[0009] Optionally, the power splitter network component includes a main transmission line, a first branch transmission line, a second branch transmission line, a first input port, a second input port, and an isolation port. The first input port and the second input port are respectively disposed at one end of the first branch transmission line and the second branch transmission line, and the isolation port is disposed on the main transmission line and connected to an isolation load.

[0010] Optionally, the antenna unit further includes multiple ground layers embedded in the substrate assembly, and the conductive connection structure is used to electrically connect the ground layers in the substrate assembly.

[0011] Optionally, the conductive connection structure includes a plurality of metallized vias that penetrate the substrate assembly and electrically connect the ground layers in the radiating substrate, the power dividing substrate, and the spacer substrate.

[0012] Optionally, the plurality of metallized vias are arranged in a ring along the edge of the radiating unit, and the spacing between adjacent metallized vias is less than one-quarter of the operating wavelength in free space.

[0013] Optionally, the antenna unit further includes a protective housing that covers the first surface of the substrate assembly. To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, another technical solution adopted in the embodiments of this application is to provide a communication device, including any of the above-mentioned antenna arrays.

[0014] This application provides an antenna array, including a substrate assembly, a radiating element, a feeding assembly, a power divider network assembly, and a conductive connection assembly. The substrate assembly includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other. The radiating element includes a first radiating element and a second radiating element, which are respectively disposed on the substrate assembly. The feeding assembly is disposed on the first radiating element and includes a first feed point, a second feed point, a first feed post, and a second feed post. The first feed post and the second feed post are respectively disposed through the substrate assembly. The first feed point is used to excite the radiating element to generate a left-hand circularly polarized signal, and the second feed point is used to excite the radiating element to generate a right-hand circularly polarized signal. The power divider network assembly is disposed on the substrate assembly and includes a first input port, a second input port, and an isolation port. The power divider network assembly is electrically connected to the first feed point through the first feed post and to the first radiating element through the second feed post. The second feed point is electrically connected, and the conductive connection structure passes through the substrate assembly and surrounds the radiating unit. The conductive connection structure is used to suppress electromagnetic coupling between the first feed point and the second feed point, integrating multiple antenna arrays that originally needed to be deployed separately into a unified substrate assembly, significantly reducing the platform surface area occupation and overall weight burden. Furthermore, the vertical stacking configuration of the first and second radiating components eliminates the mandatory isolation distance requirements between different antenna arrays in traditional solutions, providing an ideal integrated solution for space-constrained airborne and shipborne platforms. Moreover, the integrated configuration of the power divider network component enables dual-polarization function control of a single structure. The separate signal transmission paths of the first and second feed pillars ensure the independence of left-hand and right-hand circular polarization signals. The surrounding arrangement of the conductive connection structure constructs an effective electromagnetic shielding system, significantly suppressing mutual coupling between feed points and solving the complex electromagnetic interference problem in traditional multi-antenna configurations. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna array according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the antenna array according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is another schematic diagram of the antenna array according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is yet another schematic diagram of the antenna array according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a simulation result of the wave loss of the antenna array according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a simulation result diagram of the gain of the antenna array according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a simulation result diagram of the horizontal plane of the antenna array according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a simulation result diagram of the vertical plane of the antenna array according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a simulation result diagram of the horizontal plane at the 11GHz frequency point of the left-hand circularly polarized antenna array according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a simulation result diagram of the vertical plane at the 11GHz frequency point of the left-hand circularly polarized antenna array according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is a simulation result diagram of the horizontal plane at a frequency of 12GHz with left-hand circular polarization of the antenna array according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 12 This is a simulation result diagram of the vertical plane at a frequency of 12GHz with left-hand circular polarization of the antenna array according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 13 This is a simulation result diagram of the horizontal plane at a frequency of 10GHz with right-hand circular polarization of the antenna array according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 14 This is a simulation result diagram of the vertical plane at a frequency of 10GHz with right-hand circular polarization of the antenna array according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 15 This is a simulation result diagram of the horizontal plane at the 11GHz frequency point of the right-hand circularly polarized antenna array according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 16 This is a simulation result diagram of the vertical plane at the 11GHz frequency point of the right-hand circularly polarized antenna array according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 17 This is a simulation result diagram of the horizontal plane at a frequency of 12GHz with right-hand circular polarization of the antenna array according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 18 This is a simulation result diagram of the vertical plane at a frequency of 12GHz with right-hand circular polarization of the antenna array according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 19 This is a simulation result diagram of the antenna axial ratio of the antenna array in the embodiment of this application; Figure 20 This is a simulation result diagram of the antenna isolation of the antenna array in the embodiment of this application.

[0017] The reference numerals in the detailed embodiments are as follows: 100, antenna array; 10, substrate assembly; 11, first surface; 12, second surface; 13, first radiating substrate; 14, second radiating substrate; 15, power divider substrate; 16, spacer substrate; 20, radiating element; 21, first radiating component; 201, first chamfer; 202, second chamfer; 22, second radiating component; 30, feed assembly; 31, a feed point; 32, a second feed point; 33, a first feed post; 34, a second feed post; 40, power divider network assembly; 41, first input port; 42, second input port; 43, isolation port; 44, main transmission line; 45, first branch transmission line; 46, second branch transmission line; 50, conductive connection structure; 51, metallized via; 60, ground layer. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more detailed description is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that when an element is described as "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element, or one or more intermediate elements may exist between them. When an element is described as "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element, or one or more intermediate elements may exist between them. The terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "vertical," "horizontal," etc., used in this specification indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the application. The term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0020] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of this application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0021] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4This embodiment provides an antenna array 100. The antenna array 100 in this application achieves circular polarization through a multilayer substrate integrated structure, while ensuring good electromagnetic isolation performance through a conductive connection structure 50. Specifically, the antenna array includes a substrate assembly 10, a radiating element 20, a feeding assembly 30, a power divider network assembly 40, and a conductive connection structure 50. The substrate assembly 10 includes a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 disposed opposite to each other. The radiating element 20 includes a first radiating component 21 and a second radiating component 22, which are respectively disposed on the substrate assembly 10. The feeding assembly 30 is disposed on the first radiating component 21 and includes a first feeding point 31, a second feeding point 32, a first feeding post 33, and a second feeding post 34. The first feeding post 33 and the second feeding post 34 are respectively disposed through the substrate assembly 10. The first feeding point 31 is used to excite the radiating element 20 to generate a left-hand circularly polarized signal, and the second feeding point 32 is used to excite the radiating element 20 to generate a right-hand circularly polarized signal. The power divider network component 40 is disposed on the substrate assembly 10. The power divider network component 40 includes a first input port 41, a second input port 42, and an isolation port 43. The power divider network component 40 is electrically connected to the first feed point 31 via a first feed post 33 and to the second feed point 32 via a second feed post 34. A conductive connection structure 50 passes through the substrate assembly 10 and surrounds the radiating element 20. The conductive connection structure 50 is used to suppress electromagnetic coupling between the first feed point 31 and the second feed point 32. With the above configuration, the overall thickness of the antenna array 100 is 2.7 mm, and the element size is 9.8 mm × 9.8 mm, meeting the miniaturization design requirements. In the operating frequency range of 10 GHz to 12 GHz, circular polarization radiation is achieved through differential excitation of the first feed point 31 and the second feed point 32, with an axial ratio performance better than 3 dB and a gain greater than 5.4 dB. The conductive connection structure 50 effectively suppresses electromagnetic coupling between the first feed point 31 and the second feed point 32, ensuring that the isolation between left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized signals is better than 13 dB, thus meeting the performance requirements of the dual-polarized antenna system.

[0022] Specifically, the substrate assembly 10 includes a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 disposed opposite to each other. The substrate assembly 10 includes a first radiating substrate 13, a second radiating substrate 14, a power dividing substrate 15, and at least one spacer substrate 16 stacked in a preset order. The first radiating substrate 13 is made of Rogues 0435 material with a dielectric constant of 3.48 and a thickness of 0.51 mm, and is copper-clad on one side. The second radiating substrate 14 is made of SKC V7610 material with a dielectric constant of 1.0 and a thickness of 0.2 mm, and is copper-clad on one side. The power dividing substrate 15 is made of Rogues 0435 material with a dielectric constant of 3.48 and a thickness of 0.51 mm, and is copper-clad on both sides. The spacer substrate 16 is made of ROHACELL 31HF material with a dielectric constant of 1.046 and a thickness of 0.5 mm, and is disposed between the first radiating substrate 13 and the power dividing substrate 15. Each substrate is bonded together with a SPEED WAVE 300P material, which has a dielectric constant of 3.16 and a thickness of 0.102 mm.

[0023] In this embodiment, the antenna array 100 employs a nine-layer substrate stacked structure to achieve circular polarization, ensuring excellent electrical performance and mechanical stability through material configuration and thickness control. The substrate assembly 10 includes a nine-layer substrate structure stacked in a preset order, with each substrate layer from top to bottom being a first substrate, a second substrate, a third substrate, a fourth substrate, a fifth substrate, a sixth substrate, a seventh substrate, an eighth substrate, and a ninth substrate. The first substrate, namely the second radiating substrate 14 in this application, is made of SKC V7610 material with a dielectric constant of 1.0 and a thickness of 0.2 mm, using a single-sided copper plating process. The second substrate is made of SPEED WAVE 300P material with a dielectric constant of 3.16 and a thickness of 0.102 mm, serving as the bonding dielectric layer between the first and third substrate layers. The third substrate is made of ROHACELL 31HF material with a dielectric constant of 1.046 and a thickness of 0.5 mm, providing electromagnetic isolation with a low dielectric constant. The fourth substrate is made of SPEED WAVE 300P material with a dielectric constant of 3.16 and a thickness of 0.102 mm, serving as the adhesive medium between the third and fifth substrates.

[0024] The fifth substrate, also known as the first radiating substrate 13, is made of ROGERS 0435 material with a dielectric constant of 3.48 and a thickness of 0.51 mm. It employs a single-sided copper plating process and carries the primary radiating function. The sixth substrate is made of SPEED WAVE 300P material with a dielectric constant of 3.16 and a thickness of 0.102 mm, serving as the bonding dielectric layer between the fifth and seventh substrates. The seventh substrate, also made of ROGERS 0435 material with a dielectric constant of 3.48 and a thickness of 0.51 mm, uses a single-sided copper plating process and carries the ground plane function. The eighth substrate, made of SPEED WAVE300P material with a dielectric constant of 3.16 and a thickness of 0.102 mm, serves as the bonding dielectric layer between the seventh and ninth substrates. The ninth substrate, namely the power divider substrate 15, is made of ROGERS 0435 material with a dielectric constant of 3.48 and a thickness of 0.51 mm. It adopts a double-sided copper cladding process and carries the function of the power divider network.

[0025] The first feed point 31 is located at a distance of one-eighth of the wavelength in the corresponding medium, with an angular position of 0 degrees. The second feed point 32 is located at an angular position of 90 degrees, and is orthogonal to the first feed point 31 relative to the geometric center. The first feed post 33 and the second feed post 34 are respectively disposed in the substrate assembly 10, perpendicularly penetrating the power divider network of the ninth substrate through the eighth, seventh, and sixth substrates, and reaching the corresponding feed point on the fifth substrate.

[0026] Preferably, the first feed post 33 is fabricated using a metallized via 51 process, and the inside of the via is filled with conductive adhesive to enhance mechanical strength. The second feed post 34 is fabricated using the same metallized via 51 process. The first feed point 31 is used to excite the radiation unit 20 to generate a left-hand circularly polarized signal, and the second feed point 32 is used to excite the radiation unit 20 to generate a right-hand circularly polarized signal.

[0027] Please see Figure 3The first radiating component 21 has a first chamfer 201 and a second chamfer 202, which are positioned opposite each other. The first chamfer 201 is located at the upper left corner of the first radiating component 21, and the second chamfer 202 is located at the lower right corner of the first radiating component 21. The length and width of the first radiating component 21 are 12.5 mm, corresponding to half the wavelength in the medium at an operating frequency of 11 GHz. The second radiating component 22 is a parasitic radiating element 20, which adopts a circular patch structure and corresponds to a quarter wavelength in the medium at an operating frequency of 11 GHz. The second radiating component 22 is positioned directly above the first radiating component 21. The second radiating component 22 interacts with the first radiating component 21 through electromagnetic coupling to improve the antenna's circuit parameters and enhance its radiation performance. Specifically, the geometric center of the first radiating component 21 is aligned vertically with the geometric center of the second, third, and fourth substrates, and the vertical distance between them is determined to be 0.704 mm by the total thickness of the second, third, and fourth substrates. The second radiating element 22 interacts with the first radiating element 21 via electromagnetic coupling, the coupling strength of which is optimized through precise control of the vertical spacing and patch diameter. Compared to square or polygonal parasitic elements, the circular geometry of the second radiating element 22 eliminates the current concentration effect caused by sharp corners, reducing the possibility of high-order mode excitation. The surface current distribution of the circular radiating patch exhibits axisymmetric characteristics, effectively improving the circular symmetry of the antenna radiation pattern and reducing cross-polarization components.

[0028] Preferably, in some embodiments, the first radiating component 21 adopts a square patch structure. The first radiating component 21 does not have a chamfered corner structure, but the circular polarization performance is optimized through the parasitic coupling effect of the circular second radiating component 22. The four corners of the first radiating component 21 maintain a right-angle design, and the edges are straight without modification.

[0029] In this embodiment, the axisymmetric characteristics of the circular geometry of the second radiating element 22 ensure a high degree of consistency in the radiation patterns of the antenna in both the horizontal and vertical planes, with the circular symmetry error controlled within ±0.5 dB. The smooth transition of the circular edge effectively suppresses edge scattering and surface wave excitation, resulting in a 2.3 percentage point improvement in radiation efficiency compared to traditional square parasitic elements. The coupling coefficient between the second radiating element 22 and the first radiating element 21 is optimized to -15 dB through precise control of the diameter and spacing, ensuring moderate parasitic regulation without causing excessive coupling. This coupling configuration extends the antenna's operating bandwidth by 12% compared to the first radiating element 21 alone, maintaining stable circular polarization performance in the 10 GHz to 12 GHz frequency range. This allows the antenna array 100 in this application to achieve an axial ratio better than 2.5 dB, a gain greater than 5.8 dB, and an isolation better than 13 dB within the target frequency band. The application of the second radiating element 22 enables the antenna array 100 to have better wide-angle scanning capability, with an axial ratio degradation of less than 1 dB within a ±45 degree scanning angle range, meeting the wide-angle coverage requirements of the phased array antenna system.

[0030] Please see Figure 4 The power divider network component 40 is disposed on the power divider substrate 15, i.e., the ninth layer substrate. The power divider network component 40 includes a main transmission line 44, a first transmission line 45, and a second transmission line 46. The main transmission line 44 is located on the upper surface of the ninth layer substrate and has a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms. The first transmission line 45 is located on the upper surface of the ninth layer substrate and has a characteristic impedance of 35.4 ohms, which is impedance matched using a Chebyshev transform. The second transmission line 46 is located on the upper surface of the ninth layer substrate and has a characteristic impedance of 35.4 ohms. A first input port 41 is located at the end of the first transmission line 45 and uses an SMA connector interface. A second input port 42 is located at the end of the second transmission line 46 and uses an SMA connector interface. An isolation port 43 is located at the midpoint of the main transmission line 44 and connects to an isolated load. This design uses an isolation line to further improve the isolation and amplitude-phase flatness of the power divider network component 40. The power divider network component 40 is electrically connected to the first feed point 31 through the first feed post 33 and to the second feed point 32 through the second feed post 34, thus realizing the transmission path of radio frequency signals from the power divider network to the radiation unit 20.

[0031] Please reconsider. Figure 1 The antenna array 100 also includes multiple ground layers 60, which are embedded in different layers of the substrate assembly 10. Specifically, the first ground layer is disposed on the back side of the fifth substrate layer, forming a microstrip antenna structure with the first radiating component 21; the second ground layer is disposed on the seventh substrate layer, serving as the antenna ground plane, and is a complete copper foil cover layer; and the third ground layer is disposed on the back side of the ninth substrate layer, providing a ground reference for the power divider network.

[0032] Please see Figure 4 The conductive connection structure 50 includes multiple metallized vias 51, which penetrate nine layers of the substrate assembly 10, electrically connecting each ground layer 60 to form a unified grounding system. The spacing of the metallized vias 51 ensures good electrical continuity. The multiple metallized vias 51 are distributed in a ring along the edge of the radiating unit 20, forming a shielding fence structure around the radiating unit 20.

[0033] The spacing between adjacent metallized vias 51 is preferably 3 mm, which is less than one-quarter wavelength (7.5 mm) in free space for an operating wavelength of 11 GHz, ensuring effective electromagnetic shielding. In this embodiment, there are a total of 24 metallized vias 51, evenly distributed on a ring path. Each metallized via 51 vertically penetrates the entire path from the first substrate to the ninth substrate, and reliable electrical connection of each ground layer 60 is achieved through an electroplating process.

[0034] In some preferred embodiments, the antenna unit further includes a protective housing covering the first surface 11 of the substrate assembly 10. The antenna array 100 is provided with a protective housing assembly to enhance environmental adaptability and mechanical reliability. The protective housing is made of polytetrafluoroethylene composite material with a relative permittivity of 2.1, a loss tangent of less than 0.0005, and a thickness of 1.5 mm. This material selection ensures excellent RF transmission characteristics in the 10-12 GHz operating frequency band, with insertion loss controlled within 0.1 dB. The protective housing covers the first surface 11 of the substrate assembly 10, forming a sealed environmental protection cavity. A moisture-proof coating is provided on the inner surface of the housing to effectively prevent moisture intrusion from affecting antenna performance. The housing and the substrate assembly 10 are hermetically sealed using a silicone rubber sealing ring, achieving an IP65 protection rating.

[0035] The mechanical structure design of the communication equipment takes into account heat dissipation and electromagnetic compatibility requirements. The equipment casing is made of aluminum alloy, with a conductive coating sprayed on the inner surface to enhance shielding. Vibration-damping pads are placed between the antenna array 100 and the protective casing to effectively isolate the impact of mechanical vibration on antenna performance. The overall power consumption is controlled within 15 watts, making it suitable for battery-powered portable communication applications.

[0036] This application also conducts simulation tests on the antenna array 100. The simulation tests comprehensively verify the key performance parameters of the ultra-high frequency circularly polarized antenna achieved by the antenna array 100 in this application, covering four main aspects: reflection characteristics, radiation characteristics, polarization characteristics, and isolation characteristics. Specifically: Figure 5Simulation results of the return loss of the ultra-high frequency circularly polarized antenna array 100 in this application are presented. Test results show that the return loss of the antenna array 100 in the 10-12 GHz operating frequency band is less than -12.2 dB, meeting the engineering requirements for good impedance matching. This indicator verifies the effectiveness of the multilayer substrate structure design of the substrate assembly 10 in this application and the optimized impedance matching effect between the feed assembly 30 and the radiating element 20.

[0037] Figure 6 The simulation results of the gain of the UHF circularly polarized antenna array 100 are shown. The simulation data shows that the antenna gain is greater than 5.4 dB, proving that the cooperative configuration of the second radiating component 22 and the first radiating component 21 can effectively improve the radiation efficiency and directivity of the antenna array 100.

[0038] Figures 7 to 12 The radiation pattern characteristics of the left-hand circular polarization of the antenna array 100 in this application are shown at three key frequency points. Figure 7 and Figure 8 Simulation results for the vertical and horizontal planes at 10 GHz are shown respectively, with 3 dB beamwidths of 95.3 degrees and 98.2 degrees respectively. Figure 9 and Figure 10 For the horizontal and vertical plane results corresponding to the 11GHz frequency point, the 3dB beamwidths are 91.8 degrees and 95.0 degrees, respectively. Figure 11 and Figure 12 The horizontal and vertical beam characteristics at 12 GHz are shown, with 3 dB beamwidths of 88.0 degrees and 91.6 degrees, respectively. The test results verify that the antenna array 100 maintains stable beam characteristics throughout the entire operating frequency band.

[0039] Figures 13 to 18 The test results for the right-hand circular polarization of the antenna array 100 in this application are shown. The horizontal and vertical 3dB beamwidths at 10GHz are 94.3 degrees and 101.1 degrees, respectively; at 11GHz, they are 91.9 degrees and 95.8 degrees; and at 12GHz, they are 89.1 degrees and 90.8 degrees. The beamwidth range of 89.1 to 101.1 degrees for right-hand circular polarization forms good symmetry with the 88.0 to 98.2 degrees range for left-hand circular polarization, demonstrating the balance of the dual-polarization design.

[0040] Figure 19 The simulation results of the 100 axial ratio of the UHF circularly polarized antenna array of this application are shown. The test data shows that the axial ratio is less than 2.92 dB, verifying that the purity of the circularly polarized signal meets engineering application standards. This result demonstrates the effectiveness of the chamfered design and the orthogonal configuration of the feed points.

[0041] Figure 20Simulation results of the isolation of the UHF circularly polarized antenna array 100 are presented. The simulation results show that the line isolation is less than -13.1 dB, which verifies that the conductive connection structure 50 formed by the metallized via 51 can effectively suppress the mutual coupling between the left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized ports and ensure the independence of the dual-polarization operating modes.

[0042] The comprehensive analysis of the above simulation test results verifies the technical specifications of the UHF circularly polarized antenna array 100 scheme in this application regarding scanning beam requirements. Based on the scanning formula θscan max ≤ 1 / 2θunit HPBW, a constraint relationship is established between the maximum scanning angle and the half-power beamwidth of the antenna element. Calculations show that the right-hand circular beamwidth of 89.1-101.1 degrees and the left-hand circular beamwidth of 88.0-98.2 degrees basically meet the application requirements of ±45-degree scanning beams, providing reliable technical support for the engineering implementation of the phased array antenna system.

[0043] This application provides an antenna array 100, including a substrate assembly 10, a radiating element 20, a feeding assembly 30, a power divider network assembly 40, and a conductive connection assembly 50. The substrate assembly 10 includes a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 disposed opposite to each other. The radiating element 20 includes a first radiating component 21 and a second radiating component 22, which are respectively disposed on the substrate assembly 10. The feeding assembly 30 is disposed on the first radiating component 21 and includes a first feed point 31 and a second feed point 32. A power divider 32, a first feed post 33, and a second feed post 34 are respectively disposed on the substrate assembly 10. The first feed post 31 is used to excite the radiating unit 20 to generate a left-hand circularly polarized signal, and the second feed post 32 is used to excite the radiating unit 20 to generate a right-hand circularly polarized signal. The power divider network assembly 40 is disposed on the substrate assembly 10. The power divider network assembly 40 includes a first input port 41, a second input port 42, and an isolation port 43. The power divider network assembly 40 is connected to the substrate assembly 10 through the first feed post 33. The first feed point 31 is electrically connected, and the second feed point 32 is electrically connected via the second feed post 34. The conductive connection structure 50 passes through the substrate assembly 10 and is arranged around the radiating element 20. The conductive connection structure 50 is used to suppress electromagnetic coupling between the first feed point 31 and the second feed point 32, integrating multiple antenna arrays 100 that originally needed to be deployed separately into a unified substrate assembly 10, significantly reducing the platform surface area occupation and overall weight burden. Furthermore, through the vertical stacking configuration of the first radiating element 21 and the second radiating element 22, the electromagnetic coupling between the first radiating element 21 and the second radiating element 22 is eliminated. In addition to the mandatory isolation distance requirement between different antenna arrays 100 in traditional solutions, it provides an ideal integrated solution for space-constrained airborne and shipborne platforms. Furthermore, the integrated configuration of the power divider network component 40 enables dual-polarization function control of a single structure. The separate signal transmission paths of the first feed post 33 and the second feed post 34 ensure the independence of left-hand and right-hand circular polarization signals. The surrounding arrangement of the conductive connection structure 50 constructs an effective electromagnetic shielding system, significantly suppressing the mutual coupling between feed points and solving the complex electromagnetic interference problem in traditional multi-antenna configurations.

[0044] This application also provides embodiments of communication devices, including the antenna array 100 described above. For specific embodiments of the communication devices, please refer to the antenna array 100 embodiments described above; they will not be repeated here. The above descriptions are merely embodiments of this application and do not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the description and drawings of this application, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna array, characterized in that, include: A substrate assembly, including a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other; A radiation unit, the radiation unit comprising a first radiation component and a second radiation component, the second radiation component and the first radiation component being respectively disposed on the substrate assembly; A power feeding assembly is disposed on the first radiation assembly. The power feeding assembly includes a first power feeding point, a second power feeding point, a first power feeding column, and a second power feeding column. The first power feeding column and the second power feeding column are respectively disposed on the substrate assembly. The first power feeding point is used to excite the radiation unit to generate a left-hand circularly polarized signal, and the second power feeding point is used to excite the radiation unit to generate a right-hand circularly polarized signal. A power divider network component is disposed on the substrate assembly. The power divider network component is electrically connected to the first feed point through a first feed post and electrically connected to the second feed point through a second feed post. A conductive connection structure is disposed through the substrate assembly and surrounding the radiating unit, the conductive connection structure being used to suppress electromagnetic coupling between the first feed point and the second feed point.

2. The antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate assembly includes a first radiating substrate, a second radiating substrate, a power dividing substrate, and at least one spacer substrate stacked in a preset order. The first radiating component is disposed on the first radiating substrate, the second radiating component is disposed on the second substrate, the power dividing network component is disposed on the power dividing substrate, and the spacer substrate is disposed between the radiating substrate and the power dividing substrate.

3. The antenna array according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first radiating component is provided with a first chamfer and a second chamfer, which are arranged opposite to each other.

4. The antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second radiating component is a circular radiating patch.

5. The antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power splitter network component includes a main transmission line, a first branch transmission line, a second branch transmission line, a first input port, a second input port, and an isolation port. The first input port and the second input port are respectively located at one end of the first branch transmission line and the second branch transmission line. The isolation port is located on the main transmission line and connected to an isolation load.

6. The antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna unit further includes multiple ground layers, which are embedded in the substrate assembly. The conductive connection structure is used to electrically connect the ground layers in the substrate assembly.

7. The antenna element according to claim 6, characterized in that, The conductive connection structure includes multiple metallized vias that penetrate the substrate assembly and electrically connect the ground layers in the radiating substrate, the power dividing substrate, and the spacer substrate.

8. The antenna element according to claim 7, characterized in that, The plurality of metallized vias are distributed in a ring along the edge of the radiating unit, and the spacing between adjacent metallized vias is less than one-quarter of the operating wavelength in free space.

9. The antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna unit also includes a protective housing that covers the first surface of the substrate assembly.

10. A communication device, characterized in that, Including the antenna array as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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