Machining device based on laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction and laser machining method

Abstract

The invention provides a processing device based on laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction and a laser processing method, and belongs to the technical field of laser processing. The processing device based on the laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction is used for carrying out laser processing on a first material and a second material, and comprises a workbench, a mounting unit and a laser unit, the mounting unit is used for clamping and fixing the first material and the second material, the first material is provided with a first welding area, and the second material is provided with a second welding area; the first welding area is tightly attached to the second welding area; the laser unit is used for providing incident laser, and the incident laser is emitted to the machining area. According to the method, laser acts on the surface of the aluminum alloy, a chemical reaction is induced in the microtexture by combining a catalyst, negative pressure is formed in the microtexture, accordingly, molten plastic is induced to better permeate into the microtexture, the connection strength is effectively improved, the integrity of the material can be prevented from being damaged, and the structural strength is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser processing technology, and more specifically, to a processing apparatus and method based on laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in numerous industries such as modern electronics, aerospace, and automotive manufacturing, the requirements for material performance are becoming increasingly stringent, and single materials often cannot meet complex functional needs. Plastics have many advantages, such as light weight, low cost, simple molding processes, and good electrical insulation, and are widely used in electronic device housings, automotive interior parts, and other fields. Aluminum alloys, on the other hand, possess properties such as high thermal conductivity, good chemical stability, high hardness, and a coefficient of thermal expansion matching that of silicon, making them indispensable in electronic packaging and heat dissipation devices. Welding plastics and aluminum alloys can combine the advantages of both to create high-performance composite material structures that meet the industry's ever-growing demand for high-performance, multi-functional components.

[0003] For example, in electronic devices, welding plastic casings to aluminum alloy heat sinks can effectively solve heat dissipation problems while reducing overall weight and enhancing product competitiveness. Traditional joining methods for materials like plastics and aluminum alloys include mechanical connections and adhesive bonding.

[0004] However, the above technical solution has the following drawbacks: 1. Mechanical connections require bolts or riveting for fastening, which involves drilling holes in the material, damaging its integrity, reducing its structural strength, and causing stress concentration at the connection points, resulting in poor reliability under vibration or impact conditions. 2. While adhesive bonding is convenient, its temperature and chemical corrosion resistance are limited. Under harsh conditions such as high temperature and high humidity, the bond strength will decrease significantly, making it difficult to meet the requirements for long-term stable bonding between plastics and aluminum alloys under complex working conditions. Furthermore, the organic components in the adhesive may potentially affect the performance of the aluminum alloy, triggering interfacial chemical reactions and leading to bond failure, thus compromising bond stability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the above shortcomings, the present invention provides a processing device and laser processing method based on laser-induced aluminum alkali reaction, aiming to improve the problem that the connection stability of traditional connection methods cannot be guaranteed.

[0006] This invention is implemented as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a processing apparatus based on laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction for laser processing of a first material and a second material, comprising a worktable, a mounting unit and a laser unit; The worktable is used to support the first material and the second material to be processed; the mounting unit is used to clamp and fix the first material and the second material, which are arranged along the height direction. The first material is provided with a first welding area, and the second material is provided with a second welding area. The first welding area has a surface microtexture, and the second welding area is mixed with a sodium hydroxide solution containing a catalyst. The first welding area and the second welding area are in close contact to form a processing area; the laser unit is used to provide incident laser light, which is emitted into the processing area.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, the sodium hydroxide solution is mixed with a palladium catalyst.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is %, and the palladium catalyst comprises Pd / AlO nanoparticles.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first material comprises metal and the second material comprises plastic.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first material is an aluminum alloy, the second material is a plastic with good light transmittance, and the incident laser passes through the second material to irradiate the surface of the first material.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the mounting unit includes a clamping assembly and a gasket assembly; the clamping assembly includes a first clamping member and a second clamping member disposed opposite to each other; the gasket assembly includes a first gasket and a second gasket, the first gasket being disposed at the gap between the first material and the first clamping member, and the second gasket being disposed at the gap between the second material and the second clamping member.

[0012] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention further provide a laser processing method based on laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction, comprising the above-mentioned processing apparatus based on laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction and the following steps: S1, the surface of the first material is subjected to a first pre-processing to form a first welding area; the surface of the second material is subjected to a second pre-processing to form a second welding area; the first welding area and the second welding area form a processing area; S2, the first welding area and the second welding area are attached together, and the first material and the second material are fixed by the mounting unit; S3, the incident laser is emitted to the processing area, so that the incident laser and the processing area have an angle, and the incident laser is continuously applied to the processing area until the laser processing of the processing area is completed.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the first pre-processing method includes laser processing of the surface of the first material by a laser unit to form a surface microtexture, wherein the surface microtexture is in the same area as the first welding area; after processing, the first welding area is cleaned to remove debris.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, in S1, the second pre-processing method includes applying a sodium hydroxide solution mixed with a catalyst to the surface of the second material 120, allowing it to penetrate into the microtexture, wiping away excess solution from the surface of the second material, so that the sodium hydroxide solution mixed with the catalyst remains only in the microtexture.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the incident laser moves from the starting point of the processing area at a speed of 2 mm to 4 mm per second along the horizontal direction.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The system comprises a worktable, an installation unit, and a laser unit. The installation unit is mounted on the worktable, and a first material and a second material are fixed to the installation unit, ensuring close contact between the first welding area of ​​the first material and the second welding area of ​​the second material. The laser unit then performs laser processing on the first and second materials. By first forming a microtexture on the metal surface, the laser heats the metal, causing the plastic to melt and penetrate into the microtexture. Furthermore, by applying a laser to the aluminum alloy surface, combined with a catalyst, a chemical reaction is induced within the microtexture, creating negative pressure that further induces the molten plastic to penetrate the microtexture, effectively improving the connection strength. This method avoids damaging the material integrity, thus improving structural strength. Because the stress at the connection point is more concentrated, the reliability of the welded metal and plastic under vibration or impact environments is improved, reducing bubbles in the weld area and enhancing structural strength under harsh conditions such as high temperature and high humidity. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the processing apparatus and laser processing method based on laser-induced aluminum alkali reaction provided in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the adjustment component structure provided for an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the installation unit structure provided for an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the driving component structure provided for an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 100, workbench; 110, first material; 120, second material; 310, clamping assembly; 311, first clamping member; 312, second clamping member; 330, gasket assembly; 331, first gasket; 332, second gasket; 350, drive assembly; 351, first rack; 352, second rack; 353, gear; 354, worm gear; 355, worm; 356, handwheel; 500, laser unit; 710, translation mechanism; 711, electric actuator; 713, telescopic rod; 730, angle adjuster; 731, hinge seat; 733, electric actuator. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0022] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0023] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] Example Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: a processing device based on laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction, used for laser processing of a first material 110 and a second material 120, including a worktable 100, a mounting unit and a laser unit 500; It should be noted that in this embodiment, both the first material 110 and the second material 120 are thin-walled plate-shaped parts, also known as thin-walled parts. The X direction is defined as the width direction of the thin-walled part, the Y direction as the length direction of the thin-walled part, and the Z direction as the thickness direction. The first material 110 and the second material 120 are arranged along the height direction, which is the Z-axis direction.

[0025] The worktable 100 is used to support the first material 110 and the second material 120 to be processed; the mounting unit is used to clamp and fix the first material 110 and the second material 120, the first material 110 and the second material 120 are arranged along the height direction, the first material 110 is provided with a first welding area, and the second material 120 is provided with a second welding area; the first welding area has a surface microtexture, and the second welding area is mixed with a sodium hydroxide solution containing a catalyst; the first welding area and the second welding area are in close contact to form a processing area; the laser unit 500 is used to provide incident laser light, which is emitted into the processing area.

[0026] The laser unit 500 includes a laser, which generates a high-intensity laser beam with high monochromaticity, high coherence and excellent directionality through stimulated emission, and is applied in fields such as precision machining and gas detection.

[0027] During welding, a portion of the first material 110 and a portion of the second material 120 overlap, wherein the first welding area and the second welding area are in close contact, the first welding area is located above the second welding area, and the first welding area and the second welding area overlap each other in the height direction, thereby forming a processing area.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, the sodium hydroxide solution is mixed with a palladium catalyst.

[0029] In one embodiment of the present invention, the sodium hydroxide solution has a concentration of 10%, and the palladium catalyst comprises Pd / Al2O3 nanoparticles.

[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first material 110 comprises metal and the second material 120 comprises plastic.

[0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first material 110 is an aluminum alloy, and the second material 120 is a plastic with good light transmittance, wherein the incident laser passes through the second material 120 and irradiates the surface of the first material 110.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, the mounting unit includes a clamping assembly 310 and a gasket assembly 330; the clamping assembly 310 includes a first clamping member 311 and a second clamping member 312 disposed opposite to each other; the gasket assembly 330 includes a first gasket 331 and a second gasket 332, the first gasket 331 being disposed at the gap between the first material 110 and the first clamping member 311, and the second gasket 332 being disposed at the gap between the second material 120 and the second clamping member 312. Thus, the first material 110 and the second material 120 can be tightly fitted together through the first gasket 331 and the second gasket 332.

[0033] The workbench 100 has a receiving cavity, and the receiving cavity houses a drive assembly 350. The drive assembly 350 includes a first rack 351, a second rack 352, and a gear 353. The first rack 351 and the second rack 352 respectively mesh with the gear 353. The first rack 351 and the second rack 352 are arranged parallel to each other. The first clamping member 311 is fixed to one end of the first rack 351, and the second clamping member 312 is fixed to one end of the second rack 352. The workbench 100 is rotatably equipped with a handwheel 356 for driving the gear 353 to rotate. The first rack 351 and the second rack 352 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the gear 353. The gear 353 is coaxially fixed with a worm gear 354, and the worm gear 354 meshes with a worm 355. One end of the worm 355 is fixed to the handwheel 356. The worktable 100 is equipped with an adjustment assembly, which includes a translation mechanism 710 and an angle adjuster 730. The angle adjuster 730 is installed at the movable end of the translation mechanism 710, and the laser unit 500 is installed at the movable end of the angle adjuster 730. The translation mechanism 710 includes an electric push rod 711 and a telescopic rod 713. The telescopic rod 713 includes a slide rod and a sleeve. One end of the slide rod is slidably inserted into the sleeve, one end of the sleeve is fixedly connected to the worktable 100, one end of the slide rod is connected to the movable end of the electric push rod 711, and the fixed end of the electric push rod 711 is fixedly connected to the worktable 100. The angle adjuster 730 includes a hinge seat 731 and an electric actuator 733. The hinge seat 731 is hinged to the movable end of the electric actuator 711, and the electric actuator 733 is used to push the hinge seat 731 to rotate and adjust the angle.

[0034] This invention also provides a laser processing method based on laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction, comprising the above-mentioned processing apparatus based on laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction and the following steps: S1, the surface of the first material 110 is pre-processed to form a first welding area; the surface of the second material 120 is pre-processed to form a second welding area; the first welding area and the second welding area form a processing area; S2, the first welding area and the second welding area are attached together, and the first material 110 and the second material 120 are fixed by the mounting unit; It should be noted that in step S2, the second welding area should be located on the side closer to the laser unit 500, that is, the second welding area is located above the first welding area.

[0035] S3, the incident laser is emitted to the processing area, so that the incident laser and the processing area have an angle, and the incident laser is continuously applied to the processing area until the laser processing of the processing area is completed.

[0036] Laser processing is used to laser weld metal and plastic to achieve a tight connection between the two. The laser heats the metal, causing the plastic to melt. The molten plastic penetrates into the microtexture of the metal surface, thereby achieving welding between the metal and plastic. The laser processing method of this invention can avoid damaging the integrity of the materials, improve structural strength, enhance reliability in vibration or impact environments, avoid chemical corrosion, and improve the structural connection strength under harsh conditions such as high temperature and high humidity.

[0037] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the first pre-processing method includes laser processing of the surface of the first material 110 by a laser unit 500 to form a surface microtexture, wherein the surface microtexture is in the same area as the first welding area; after processing, the first welding area is cleaned to remove debris.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the first welding area is a surface microtexture with a length, width and depth of 300 micrometers, and the size of the surface microtexture area is the same as the size of the area to be welded.

[0039] It should be noted that surface micro-texturing is a technique for creating micron-scale patterns or grooves on the surface of a material to improve its tribological properties, lubrication characteristics, hydrophobicity, or mechanical properties.

[0040] In one embodiment of the present invention, in S1, the second pre-processing method includes applying a sodium hydroxide solution mixed with a catalyst to the surface of the second material 120, allowing it to penetrate into the microtexture, and wiping away excess solution from the surface of the second material 120 so that the sodium hydroxide solution mixed with the catalyst remains only in the microtexture.

[0041] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the incident laser moves from the starting point of the processing area at a speed of 2 mm to 4 mm per second along the horizontal direction.

[0042] The working principle of this laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction processing device is as follows: A first material 110 and a second material 120 are fixed by an installation unit, ensuring close contact between the first welding area of ​​the first material 110 and the second welding area of ​​the second material 120. This device is used for welding metal and plastic. A microtexture is first formed on the metal surface. Laser heating of the metal causes the plastic to melt, allowing it to penetrate the microtexture. Furthermore, laser action on the aluminum alloy surface, combined with a catalyst, induces a chemical reaction within the microtexture, creating a negative pressure that further facilitates the penetration of molten plastic, effectively improving the connection strength. This method avoids damaging the material integrity, thus improving structural strength. Because the stress at the connection point is more concentrated, the reliability of the welded metal and plastic under vibration or impact environments is improved, reducing bubbles in the welding area and enhancing structural strength under harsh conditions such as high temperature and high humidity.

[0043] It should be noted that the specific model and specifications of the laser unit 500 need to be selected and determined based on the actual specifications of the device. The specific selection and calculation method adopts the existing technology in this field, so it will not be elaborated in detail.

[0044] The power supply and operating principle of the laser unit 500 are clear to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0045] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A processing apparatus based on laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction, characterized in that, For laser processing of the first material (110) and the second material (120), including The workbench (100) is used to hold the first material (110) and the second material (120) to be processed. An installation unit is used to clamp and fix the first material (110) and the second material (120). The first material (110) and the second material (120) are arranged along the height direction. The first material (110) is provided with a first welding area, and the second material (120) is provided with a second welding area. The first welding area has a surface microtexture, and the second welding area is mixed with a sodium hydroxide solution containing a catalyst. The first welding area and the second welding area are in close contact to form a processing area. A laser unit (500) is used to provide an incident laser beam that exits into the processing area.

2. The processing apparatus based on laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sodium hydroxide solution contains a palladium catalyst.

3. The processing apparatus based on laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sodium hydroxide solution has a concentration of 10%, and the palladium catalyst includes... Pd / Al2O3 Nanoparticles.

4. A processing apparatus based on laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The first material (110) comprises metal, and the second material (120) comprises plastic.

5. The processing apparatus based on laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first material (110) is an aluminum alloy, and the second material (120) is a plastic with good light transmittance. The incident laser passes through the second material (120) and irradiates the surface of the first material (110).

6. The processing apparatus based on laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting unit includes a clamping assembly (310) and a gasket assembly (330); The clamping assembly (310) includes a first clamping member (311) and a second clamping member (312) disposed opposite to each other. The gasket assembly (330) includes a first gasket (331) and a second gasket (332). The first gasket (331) is disposed at the gap between the first material (110) and the first clamping member (311), and the second gasket (332) is disposed at the gap between the second material (120) and the second clamping member (312). The workbench (100) has a receiving cavity, and the receiving cavity contains a drive assembly (350). The drive assembly (350) includes a first rack (351), a second rack (352), and a gear (353). The first rack (351) and the second rack (352) mesh with the gear (353) respectively. The first rack (351) and the second rack (352) are arranged in parallel. The first clamping member (311) is fixed to one end of the first rack (351), and the second clamping member (312) is fixed to one end of the second rack (352). The workbench (100) is rotatably equipped with a handwheel (356) for driving the gear (353) to rotate. The first rack (351) and the second rack (352) are arranged symmetrically relative to the gear (353). The gear (353) is coaxially fixed with a worm gear (354). The worm gear (354) meshes with a worm (355). One end of the worm (355) is fixed to the handwheel (356). The worktable (100) is equipped with an adjustment assembly, which includes a translation mechanism (710) and an angle adjuster (730). The angle adjuster (730) is installed at the movable end of the translation mechanism (710), and the laser unit (500) is installed at the movable end of the angle adjuster (730). The translation mechanism (710) includes an electric push rod (711) and a telescopic rod (713). The telescopic rod (713) includes a slide rod and a sleeve. One end of the slide rod is slidably inserted into the sleeve. One end of the sleeve is fixedly connected to the worktable (100). One end of the slide rod is connected to the movable end of the electric push rod (711). The fixed end of the electric push rod (711) is fixedly connected to the worktable (100). The angle adjuster (730) includes a hinge seat (731) and an electric actuator (733). The hinge seat (731) is hinged to the movable end of the electric actuator (711), and the electric actuator (733) is used to push the hinge seat (731) to rotate and adjust the angle.

7. A laser processing method based on laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction, characterized in that, The apparatus comprising the laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction based processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1-6; and the following steps: S1, the surface of the first material (110) is subjected to a first pre-processing to form a first welding area; the surface of the second material (120) is subjected to a second pre-processing to form a second welding area; the first welding area and the second welding area form a processing area; S2, the first welding area and the second welding area are attached together, and the first material (110) and the second material (120) are fixed by the mounting unit. S3, the incident laser is emitted to the processing area, so that the incident laser and the processing area have an angle, and the incident laser is continuously applied to the processing area until the laser processing of the processing area is completed.

8. The laser processing method based on laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S1, the first pre-processing method includes laser processing of the surface of the first material (110) by a laser unit (500) to form a surface microtexture, wherein the surface microtexture is in the same area as the first welding area; after processing, the first welding area is cleaned to remove debris.

9. A laser processing method based on laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S1, the second pre-processing method includes applying a sodium hydroxide solution mixed with a catalyst to the surface of the second material (120) to allow it to penetrate into the microtexture, wiping away excess solution from the surface of the second material (120) so that the sodium hydroxide solution mixed with the catalyst remains only in the microtexture.

10. A laser processing method based on laser-induced aluminum-alkali reaction according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S3, the incident laser moves from the starting point of the processing area at a speed of 2mm-4mm per second along the horizontal direction.

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