A solid waste-based porous material for ecological slope protection and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a solid waste-based porous material for ecological slope protection and its preparation method. The solid waste-based porous material, by weight, comprises 30-83 parts steel slag, 18-60 parts coal gangue, 10-36 parts tailings sand, 10-33 parts red mud, and 4-22 parts additives. The additives comprise 1-15 parts catechol monomers, 12-31 parts acrylamide material, and 0.5-12 parts silane coupling agent. In this invention, the additives are synthesized using catechol monomers, acrylamide material, and silane coupling agent. These additives facilitate rapid infiltration of water from the solid waste test blocks, preventing soil erosion caused by water scouring. Furthermore, the catechol groups in the catechol monomer structure and the siloxane groups in the silane coupling agent synergistically enhance the interfacial bonding force and interfacial strength of the components, thereby improving mechanical properties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological slope protection, specifically to a solid waste-based porous material for ecological slope protection and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] The construction of infrastructure projects such as water conservancy, highways, and railways has resulted in extensive excavation, creating numerous exposed soil and rock slopes. To ensure slope stability and protect the ecological environment, various slope protection methods have been adopted. In general, slope protection has evolved from purely engineering-oriented slope protection to ecological slope protection.

[0003] Chinese patent application CN201711078835.9 discloses a steel slag hydraulic slope protection product and its preparation method. The raw materials for preparing the steel slag hydraulic slope protection product include dry materials and water. The dry materials, by weight percentage, include the following components: 40-80% steel slag; 10-35% recycled building materials; and 10-25% cement. The materials used in the production process are relatively high in cement, and the steel slag is further limited to electric furnace drum steel slag. As a result, the permeability of the obtained slope protection product is insufficient.

[0004] Chinese patent document CN201710042084.9 discloses a grass-planting sand-stabilizing brick and its preparation method. The brick uses calcined desulfurized gypsum, desulfurization ash, desert sand, crop straw powder, surfactants, organic matter, water-retaining agents, and herbaceous plant seeds as raw materials, mixed into a flowable mortar, and then poured into a plastic film to form the grass-planting sand-stabilizing brick. This grass-planting sand-stabilizing brick has a relatively complex raw material composition, low compressive strength, and poor durability.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an ecological slope protection material with better mechanical properties, permeability, and durability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a solid waste-based porous material for ecological slope protection, which can be used in the field of ecological slope protection to enhance slope stability, alleviate soil erosion, and promote ecological balance.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a solid waste-based porous material for ecological slope protection is provided. By weight, the raw materials for preparing the solid waste-based porous material include 30-83 parts steel slag, 18-60 parts coal gangue, 10-36 parts tailings sand, 10-33 parts red mud, and 4-22 parts additives.

[0008] For example, the steel slag is composed of 30 parts, 40 parts, 50 parts, 60 parts, 70 parts, 80 parts, 83 parts, or any two of these; the coal gangue is composed of 18 parts, 20 parts, 30 parts, 40 parts, 50 parts, 60 parts, or any two of these; the tailings sand is composed of 10 parts, 20 parts, 30 parts, 36 parts, or any two of these; the red mud is composed of 10 parts, 20 parts, 30 parts, 33 parts, or any two of these; and the admixture is composed of 4 parts, 10 parts, 15 parts, 20 parts, 22 parts, or any two of these.

[0009] Furthermore, the raw materials for preparing solid waste-based porous materials include 34-77 parts steel slag, 23-52 parts coal gangue, 14-32 parts tailings sand, 13-30 parts red mud, and 8-18 parts additives.

[0010] Furthermore, the raw materials for preparing the admixture include 1-15 parts of catechol monomers, 12-31 parts of acrylamide material, and 0.5-12 parts of silane coupling agent.

[0011] For example, the catechol monomer is composed of 1 part, 3 parts, 5 parts, 7 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, 11 parts, 13 parts, 15 parts, or any two of these; the acrylamide material is composed of 12 parts, 15 parts, 20 parts, 25 parts, 30 parts, or any two of these; and the silane coupling agent is composed of 0.5 parts, 2 parts, 4 parts, 6 parts, 8 parts, 10 parts, 12 parts, or any two of these.

[0012] Furthermore, by weight, the raw materials for preparing the additive include 4-10 parts of catechol monomers, 20-27 parts of acrylamide material, and 2-10 parts of silane coupling agent.

[0013] Furthermore, the average particle size of steel slag is 0.1-3 mm; the average particle size of coal gangue is 0.1-4 mm; and the average particle size of tailings sand is ≤0.1 mm.

[0014] Furthermore, the raw materials for preparing catechol monomers include 1-5 parts of 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, 9-45 parts of sulfoxide, and 0.1-2 parts of 2-methylallylamine.

[0015] Furthermore, the raw materials for preparing catechol monomers also include 30-150 parts of dichloromethane and 0.5-2.5 parts of triethylamine.

[0016] Furthermore, the preparation method of catechol monomers is as follows:

[0017] 1) Place 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalic acid in thionyl chloride, heat and stir until dissolved, react for a period of time, filter, and obtain the intermediate product;

[0018] 2) Mix 2-methylallylamine, dichloromethane, and triethylamine evenly, add the intermediate product, heat and stir, then filter, wash, and dry to obtain catechol monomers.

[0019] Furthermore, the preparation method of catechol monomers is as follows:

[0020] 1) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalic acid was placed in thionyl chloride, heated and stirred until dissolved, and then refluxed for 10-30 min. After filtration, the intermediate product was obtained.

[0021] 2) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 2-methylallylamine, dichloromethane, and triethylamine are mixed evenly. Under ice-water bath conditions, the intermediate product dissolved in dichloromethane is added dropwise over a period of 0.5-1 h. After the addition is complete, the mixture is brought to room temperature and the reaction continues for 3-5 h. The mixture is then filtered, washed, and dried to obtain catechol monomers.

[0022] Furthermore, the acrylamide material is selected from at least one of N-isopropylacrylamide, N-n-propylacrylamide, and N-tert-butylacrylamide.

[0023] Furthermore, the silane coupling agent is selected from at least one of KH570, KH151, and KH171.

[0024] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent, catechol monomer, and acrylamide material is 1:0.5-3:2-10.

[0025] Furthermore, the mass ratio of silane coupling agent, catechol monomer, and acrylamide material is 1:1-1.7:2.4-8.

[0026] Furthermore, the preparation method of the additive includes the following steps: placing catechol monomers, silane coupling agents, and acrylamide materials in an appropriate amount of tetrahydrofuran, removing oxygen, stirring, adding potassium persulfate, heating and reacting, and then filtering, washing, and drying to obtain the additive.

[0027] Furthermore, potassium persulfate accounts for 3-8% of the total mass of catechol monomers, silane coupling agents, and acrylamide materials.

[0028] Furthermore, the stirring time is 10-30 min, the reaction temperature is 50-70℃, and the reaction time is 7-12 h.

[0029] A method for preparing a solid waste-based porous material for ecological slope protection includes the following steps: mixing steel slag, coal gangue, tailings sand, red mud, and additives to obtain a solid waste-based porous material.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0031] ①This application uses steel slag, coal gangue, tailings, red mud, and additives as raw materials to develop a solid waste-based porous material that can be used as an ecological slope protection material to improve the ecological balance of slopes;

[0032] ② An additive is synthesized using catechol monomers, acrylamide materials, and silane coupling agents. The additive can help the water on the solid waste test block to seep down quickly, avoiding soil erosion caused by the scouring force of water.

[0033] ③ The catechol groups in the catechol monomer structure and the siloxane groups in the silane coupling agent synergistically improve the interfacial bonding force of each component and improve the mechanical properties of the solid waste-based porous material;

[0034] ④ The introduction of acrylamide materials provides temperature-sensitive properties to solid waste-based porous materials. Under high temperature conditions, it can replenish moisture, regulate the humidity of the microenvironment, and promote vegetation growth. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0036] Unless otherwise shown or indicated in the operational embodiments, all figures used to represent the amounts, physicochemical properties, etc., of ingredients in the specification and claims are to be understood to be adjusted by the term "about" in all cases. Therefore, unless stated to the contrary, the numerical parameters listed in the foregoing specification and appended claims are approximations, and those skilled in the art can appropriately modify these approximations to obtain the desired characteristics by utilizing the teachings disclosed herein. The use of numerical ranges indicated by endpoints includes all numbers within that range and any range within that range; for example, 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, and 5, etc.

[0037] An embodiment of the present invention provides a solid waste-based porous material for ecological slope protection. The raw materials for preparation include 30-83 parts steel slag, 18-60 parts coal gangue, 10-36 parts tailings sand, 10-33 parts red mud, and 4-22 parts additives by weight.

[0038] In some embodiments, the raw materials for preparing solid waste-based porous materials include 34-77 parts steel slag, 23-52 parts coal gangue, 14-32 parts tailings sand, 13-30 parts red mud, and 8-18 parts additives.

[0039] In some embodiments, the raw materials for preparing the additive include 1-15 parts of catechol monomers, 12-31 parts of acrylamide material, and 0.5-12 parts of silane coupling agent.

[0040] In some embodiments, the raw materials for preparing the additive include 4-10 parts of catechol monomers, 20-27 parts of acrylamide material, and 2-10 parts of silane coupling agent.

[0041] In some embodiments, the average particle size of steel slag is 0.1-3 mm; the average particle size of coal gangue is 0.1-4 mm; and the average particle size of tailings sand is ≤0.1 mm.

[0042] In some embodiments, the raw materials for preparing catechol monomers include 1-5 parts of 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, 9-45 parts of sulfoxide, 0.1-2 parts of 2-methylallylamine, 30-150 parts of dichloromethane, and 0.5-2.5 parts of triethylamine.

[0043] In some embodiments, the method for preparing catechol monomers is as follows:

[0044] 1) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalic acid was placed in thionyl chloride, heated and stirred until dissolved, and then refluxed for 10-30 min. After filtration, the intermediate product was obtained.

[0045] 2) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 2-methylallylamine, dichloromethane, and triethylamine are mixed evenly. Under ice-water bath conditions, the intermediate product dissolved in dichloromethane is added dropwise over a period of 0.5-1 h. After the addition is complete, the mixture is brought to room temperature and the reaction continues for 3-5 h. The mixture is then filtered, washed, and dried to obtain catechol monomers.

[0046] In some embodiments, the acrylamide material is selected from at least one of N-isopropylacrylamide, N-n-propylacrylamide, and N-tert-butylacrylamide.

[0047] In some embodiments, the silane coupling agent is selected from at least one of KH570, KH151, and KH171.

[0048] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent, catechol monomer, and acrylamide material is 1:0.5-3:2-10.

[0049] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent, catechol monomer, and acrylamide material is 1:1-1.7:2.4-8.

[0050] In some embodiments, the preparation method of the additive includes the following steps: placing catechol monomers, silane coupling agents, and acrylamide materials in an appropriate amount of tetrahydrofuran, removing oxygen, stirring for 10-30 min, adding potassium persulfate, reacting at 50-70°C for 7-12 h, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain the additive.

[0051] In some embodiments, potassium persulfate is 3-8% of the total mass of catechol monomers, silane coupling agents, and acrylamide materials.

[0052] A method for preparing a solid waste-based porous material for ecological slope protection includes the following steps: mixing steel slag, coal gangue, tailings sand, red mud, and additives to obtain a solid waste-based porous material.

[0053] Example

[0054] The following examples describe the disclosure of this invention in more detail. These examples are merely illustrative, as various modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of this disclosure. Unless otherwise stated, all parts, percentages, and ratios reported in the following examples are based on weight, and all reagents used in the examples are commercially available or synthesized by conventional methods and can be used directly without further processing. The instruments used in the examples are also commercially available.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] A method for preparing a solid waste-based porous material for ecological slope protection includes the following steps: mixing 51 parts of steel slag, 34.5 parts of coal gangue, 21 parts of tailings sand, 19.5 parts of red mud, and 12 parts of additives to obtain the solid waste-based porous material.

[0057] The average particle size of steel slag is 1.5 mm; the average particle size of coal gangue is 2 mm; and the average particle size of tailings sand is 0.05 mm.

[0058] The preparation method of the additive includes the following steps: 8 parts of catechol monomer, 6.5 parts of silane coupling agent KH570 and 27 parts of N-isopropylacrylamide are placed in 650 parts of tetrahydrofuran, deoxygenated and stirred for 20 min, then 2.3 parts of potassium persulfate are added, and the mixture is reacted at 60 °C for 9 h. After filtration, washing and drying, the additive is obtained.

[0059] The preparation method of catechol monomers includes the following steps:

[0060] 1) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 1 part of 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalic acid was placed in 9 parts of thionyl chloride, heated and stirred until dissolved, and then refluxed for 10 min. The mixture was then filtered to obtain the intermediate product.

[0061] 2) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 0.4 parts of 2-methylallylamine, 30 parts of dichloromethane, and 0.5 parts of triethylamine were mixed evenly. A dichloromethane solution containing 1 part of the intermediate product was added dropwise under ice-water bath conditions for 30 minutes. After the addition was completed, the mixture was raised to room temperature and reacted for 3 hours. The mixture was then filtered, washed, and dried to obtain catechol monomers.

[0062] The calculated mass ratio of KH570, catechol monomers, and N-isopropylacrylamide is 1:1.2:4.2.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] A method for preparing a solid waste-based porous material for ecological slope protection includes the following steps: mixing 34 parts steel slag, 23 parts coal gangue, 14 parts tailings sand, 13 parts red mud, and 8 parts additives to obtain a solid waste-based porous material.

[0065] The average particle size of steel slag is 1 mm; the average particle size of coal gangue is 3 mm; and the average particle size of tailings sand is 0.08 mm.

[0066] The preparation method of the additive includes the following steps: 4.6 parts of catechol monomer, 2.8 parts of silane coupling agent KH570, and 22 parts of N-isopropylacrylamide are placed in 460 parts of tetrahydrofuran, deoxygenated, stirred for 10 min, and then 1.6 parts of potassium persulfate are added. After reacting at 50 °C for 12 h, the mixture is filtered, washed, and dried to obtain the additive.

[0067] The preparation method of catechol monomers includes the following steps:

[0068] 1) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 5 parts of 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalic acid were placed in 45 parts of thionyl chloride, heated and stirred until dissolved, and then refluxed for 30 min. The mixture was then filtered to obtain the intermediate product.

[0069] 2) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 2 parts of 2-methylallylamine, 150 parts of dichloromethane, and 2.5 parts of triethylamine were mixed evenly. A dichloromethane solution containing 5 parts of the intermediate product was added dropwise under ice-water bath conditions for 60 minutes. After the addition was completed, the mixture was raised to room temperature and reacted for 5 hours. The mixture was then filtered, washed, and dried to obtain catechol monomers.

[0070] The calculated mass ratio of KH570, catechol monomers, and N-isopropylacrylamide is 1:1.6:7.9.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] A method for preparing a solid waste-based porous material for ecological slope protection includes the following steps: mixing 76.5 parts of steel slag, 52 parts of coal gangue, 31.5 parts of tailings sand, 29.5 parts of red mud, and 18 parts of additives to obtain the solid waste-based porous material.

[0073] The average particle size of steel slag is 3 mm; the average particle size of coal gangue is 1 mm; and the average particle size of tailings sand is 0.1 mm.

[0074] The preparation method of the additive includes the following steps: 10 parts of catechol monomer, 10 parts of silane coupling agent KH570, and 24 parts of N-isopropylacrylamide are placed in 685 parts of tetrahydrofuran, deoxygenated, stirred for 30 min, then 2.4 parts of potassium persulfate are added, and the mixture is reacted at 70 °C for 7 h. After filtration, washing, and drying, the additive is obtained.

[0075] The preparation method of catechol monomers includes the following steps:

[0076] 1) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 3 parts of 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalic acid were placed in 27 parts of thionyl chloride, heated and stirred until dissolved, and then refluxed for 20 min. The mixture was then filtered to obtain the intermediate product.

[0077] 2) Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 1.2 parts of 2-methylallylamine, 90 parts of dichloromethane, and 1.5 parts of triethylamine were mixed evenly. A dichloromethane solution containing 3 parts of the intermediate product was added dropwise under ice-water bath conditions for 45 minutes. After the addition was completed, the mixture was raised to room temperature and the reaction was continued for 4 hours. The mixture was then filtered, washed, and dried to obtain catechol monomers.

[0078] The calculated mass ratio of KH570, catechol monomers, and N-isopropylacrylamide is 1:1:2.4.

[0079] Example 4

[0080] The process steps of Example 4 and Example 1 are basically the same. The main difference is that the raw material components for preparing the additive are different. Specifically, in this example, the raw materials for preparing the additive include 9 parts of catechol monomer, 29.5 parts of N-isopropylacrylamide, and 3 parts of silane coupling agent.

[0081] The calculated mass ratio of KH570, catechol monomers, and N-isopropylacrylamide is 1:3:9.8.

[0082] Example 5

[0083] The process steps of Example 5 and Example 1 are basically the same. The main difference is that the raw material composition for preparing the additive is different. Specifically, in this example, the raw material for preparing the additive includes 8.5 parts of catechol monomer, 22 parts of N-isopropylacrylamide, and 11 parts of silane coupling agent KH570.

[0084] The calculated mass ratio of KH570, catechol monomers, and N-isopropylacrylamide is 1:0.8:2.

[0085] Comparative Example 1

[0086] The process steps of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 are basically the same. The main difference is that in the preparation of catechol monomers in Example 1, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid is used instead of 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalic acid.

[0087] Comparative Example 2

[0088] The process steps of Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 are basically the same. The main difference is that in the preparation of catechol monomers in Example 1, 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid is used instead of 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalic acid.

[0089] Experimental Examples

[0090] The solid waste-based porous materials prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were mixed with water to obtain a slurry (moisture content 10%). The slurry was then made into a 100mm*100mm*100mm blank, demolded, and cured for 28 days at a temperature of 25±2℃ and a humidity of 95±2% to obtain solid waste test blocks.

[0091] Test methods: The above solid waste test blocks were tested according to GB / T 4111-2013 "Test Methods for Concrete Blocks and Bricks", specifically testing the compressive strength, compressive strength after immersion in water for 24 hours, and water absorption rate after immersion in water for 24 hours; the permeability coefficient of the above solid waste test blocks was tested according to JC / T2558-2020.

[0092] Specific test data are shown in Table 1.

[0093] Table 1

[0094]

[0095] As can be seen from the test data in Table 1, the formulations of Examples 1-3 are all within the scope of protection of this application, and have better compressive strength and water absorption rate. They can be used as ecological slope protection materials to improve the ecological balance of slopes.

[0096] In Example 4, the compressive strength and compressive strength after 24 hours of immersion in water of the obtained solid waste test block were significantly lower than those of the solid waste test block obtained in Example 1, while the water absorption rate was higher. This may be because: in the preparation of the admixture, the amount of KH570 used was relatively small. On the one hand, the number of siloxane chains in the admixture structure was reduced, making it unable to better synergize with the catechol groups to improve the interfacial bonding force between the components in the solid waste test block, leading to a decrease in compressive strength. On the other hand, the larger number of imino groups in the admixture may have increased the water absorption and storage capacity of the solid waste test block, thus increasing its water absorption rate, which may also be one of the reasons for the decrease in compressive strength after immersion. Furthermore, the data shows that the permeability coefficient of the solid waste test block also decreased, indicating that when the amount of KH570 in the raw materials for preparing the admixture is too low, and the content of catechol monomers and acrylamide materials is too high, the admixture's ability to promote the rapid infiltration of water molecules from the solid waste test block decreases.

[0097] In Example 5, the water absorption rate of the solid waste test block decreased significantly. This may be because the amount of KH570 used was relatively large, resulting in a significant decrease in the content of N-isopropylacrylamide, which affected the water absorption and storage capacity of the solid waste test block, thus causing a significant decrease in its water absorption rate. Furthermore, the data shows that when the mass ratio of KH570, catechol monomers, and N-isopropylacrylamide was 1:0.8:2, the permeability coefficient, compressive strength, and compressive strength after immersion in water for 24 hours of the resulting solid waste test block also decreased.

[0098] In Comparative Example 1, the data show that the compressive strength, permeability coefficient, and compressive strength after immersion in water for 24 hours of solid waste test blocks all decreased significantly, while the water absorption rate increased significantly. The reason for this may be that when 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid was used to replace 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, the resulting catechol monomer contained only one terminal double bond, which reduced the overall degree of reaction and thus led to a decrease in the various properties of the solid waste test blocks.

[0099] In Comparative Example 2, the compressive strength of the solid waste test block and the compressive strength after immersion in water both decreased significantly. The reason may be that the admixture does not contain catechol groups, which cannot work together with the long siloxane chain to improve the interfacial bonding force between the components of the test block, thus reducing the mechanical properties of the test block.

[0100] Therefore, in this invention, an additive is synthesized using catechol monomers, acrylamide materials, and silane coupling agents. This additive helps water to quickly infiltrate the solid waste test blocks, preventing soil erosion caused by water scouring. Furthermore, the catechol groups in the catechol monomer structure synergistically enhance the interfacial bonding force and interfacial strength of the components with the siloxane groups in the silane coupling agent, thereby improving mechanical properties. This allows the solid waste-based porous material to be used in ecological slope protection, enhancing slope stability, mitigating soil erosion, and promoting ecological balance.

[0101] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention. Their purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it. They should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid waste-based porous material for ecological slope protection, characterized in that, By weight, the raw materials for preparing the solid waste-based porous material include 30-83 parts steel slag, 18-60 parts coal gangue, 10-36 parts tailings sand, 10-33 parts red mud, and 4-22 parts additives. The raw materials for preparing the additive include 1-15 parts of catechol monomers, 12-31 parts of acrylamide material, and 0.5-12 parts of silane coupling agent; The preparation method of the additive includes: placing catechol monomers, silane coupling agents, and acrylamide materials in an appropriate amount of tetrahydrofuran, removing oxygen, stirring, adding potassium persulfate, heating and reacting, and then filtering, washing, and drying to obtain the additive; The raw materials for preparing the catechol monomers include 1-5 parts of 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, 9-45 parts of sulfoxide, 0.1-2 parts of 2-methylallylamine, 30-150 parts of dichloromethane, and 0.5-2.5 parts of triethylamine.

2. The solid waste-based porous material for ecological slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, By weight, the raw materials for preparing the solid waste-based porous material include 34-77 parts steel slag, 23-52 parts coal gangue, 14-32 parts tailings sand, 13-30 parts red mud, and 8-18 parts additives. The raw materials for preparing the additive include 4-10 parts of catechol monomers, 20-27 parts of acrylamide material, and 2-10 parts of silane coupling agent.

3. The solid waste-based porous material for ecological slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steel slag has an average particle size of 0.1-3 mm; the coal gangue has an average particle size of 0.1-4 mm; and the tailings sand has an average particle size of ≤0.1 mm.

4. The solid waste-based porous material for ecological slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the catechol monomer is as follows: 1) Place 2,3-dihydroxyterephthalic acid in thionyl chloride, heat and stir until dissolved, react for a period of time, filter, and obtain the intermediate product; 2) Mix 2-methylallylamine, dichloromethane, and triethylamine evenly, add the intermediate product, heat and stir, then filter, wash, and dry to obtain catechol monomers.

5. The solid waste-based porous material for ecological slope protection according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step 1), the reaction is carried out under reflux for 10-30 minutes; In step 2), the intermediate product is added dropwise under ice-water bath conditions for 0.5-1 hour. After the addition is complete, the mixture is brought to room temperature and reacted for 3-5 hours.

6. The solid waste-based porous material for ecological slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acrylamide material is selected from at least one of N-isopropylacrylamide, N-n-propylacrylamide, and N-tert-butylacrylamide; The silane coupling agent is selected from at least one of KH570, KH151, and KH171; The mass ratio of the silane coupling agent, catechol monomer, and acrylamide material is 1:0.5-3:2-10.

7. The solid waste-based porous material for ecological slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the silane coupling agent, catechol monomer, and acrylamide material is 1:1-1.7:2.4-8.

8. The solid waste-based porous material for ecological slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The potassium persulfate comprises 3-8% of the total mass of catechol monomers, silane coupling agents, and acrylamide materials. The stirring time is 10-30 min, the reaction temperature is 50-70℃, and the reaction time is 7-12 h.

9. The method for preparing the solid waste-based porous material for ecological slope protection according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Steel slag, coal gangue, tailings sand, red mud, and additives are mixed to prepare a solid waste-based porous material.

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