Thermonic ion nuclear power supply power matching control system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a thermionic nuclear power source power matching control system and method, and the system comprises an anti-impact circuit, a filter capacitor array, a control circuit, and a dissipative resistor array. The anti-impact circuit is used for limiting the charging current of a nuclear power supply to the filter capacitor array; the filter capacitor array is used for filtering bus voltage ripples to maintain the stability of bus voltage; the control circuit is used for sampling bus voltage and outputting a switch control signal to adjust the working state of the dissipative resistor array; and the dissipation resistor array comprises a plurality of high-power dissipation resistor branches and a plurality of low-power dissipation resistor branches, and is used for working according to the control signal of the control circuit so as to dissipate excess power output by the nuclear power supply after the load is used, so that power balance is achieved. According to the invention, high-precision nuclear power source power matching can be realized, the quality of the output voltage is improved, the system cost is reduced, and the power density is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear power control technology, and in particular to a power matching control system and method for a thermionic nuclear power supply. Background Technology

[0002] Thermionic nuclear power supplies are typically characterized by low voltage and high current, with an output voltage of around 1V and an output current of around 200A. The operating point of the nuclear power supply varies widely on the output volt-ampere characteristic curve depending on the load. In order to stabilize the output voltage and optimize the internal operating conditions of the nuclear power supply, the operating point of the nuclear power supply must be fixed at a set value. The more stable the operating point, the higher the system quality.

[0003] When a nuclear power source operates at a stable point, its output power is constant. A power matching control system is required to dissipate the portion of the power output exceeding the load demand in real time. This means that the load power plus the dissipated power must equal the nuclear power source's output power at every moment to achieve power balance. High-precision power matching for low-voltage, high-current applications requires extremely low-impedance power dissipation branches and large-capacity filter capacitor arrays. However, achieving extremely low-impedance power dissipation branches is difficult, and large-capacity filter capacitor arrays significantly reduce system power density. Therefore, achieving high-precision power matching while improving output voltage quality, reducing system costs, and increasing power density remains a challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a power matching control system and method for a thermionic nuclear power source, which can achieve high-precision power matching of the nuclear power source, improve the output voltage quality, reduce system cost and increase power density.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a power matching control system for a thermionic nuclear power source, including an anti-impact circuit, a filter capacitor array, a control circuit, and a dissipation resistor array.

[0006] The shock protection circuit is connected in series with the output terminal of the nuclear power supply, the filter capacitor array is connected in parallel with the output terminal of the shock protection circuit, the dissipation resistor array is connected in parallel with both ends of the filter capacitor array, the control circuit is connected to the filter capacitor array and the dissipation resistor array, and the dissipation resistor array is connected in parallel with the load.

[0007] The shock-proof circuit is used to limit the charging current of the nuclear power supply to the filter capacitor array;

[0008] The filter capacitor array is used to filter out bus voltage ripple to maintain the stability of the bus voltage.

[0009] The control circuit is used to sample the bus voltage and output a switch control signal to adjust the working state of the dissipation resistor array;

[0010] The dissipation resistor array includes multiple high-power dissipation resistor branches and multiple low-power dissipation resistor branches, which are used to operate according to the control signals of the control circuit to dissipate excess power output by the nuclear power supply after the load is used, so as to achieve power balance.

[0011] Optionally, the shock-resistant circuit includes a resistor-series-switch branch and a MOSFET switch branch connected in parallel;

[0012] The resistor-series switch branch is used to turn on during the initial startup of the nuclear power supply to limit the charging current of the nuclear power supply to the filter capacitor array; the MOSFET switch branch is used to turn on when the set voltage enters a steady state to bypass the resistor-series switch branch.

[0013] Optionally, the filter capacitor array is composed of a film capacitor, a tantalum capacitor, and a ceramic capacitor connected in parallel.

[0014] Optionally, each of the high-power dissipation resistor branches and each of the low-power dissipation resistor branches are branches of resistors connected in series with MOSFET switches, and high-power dissipation resistor branches and low-power dissipation resistor branches are formed by selecting resistors of different power levels.

[0015] Optionally, the high-power dissipation resistor branch is used to adjust the excess power output of the nuclear power source over a wide range; the low-power dissipation resistor branch is used to adjust the excess power output of the nuclear power source over a small range.

[0016] Optionally, the control circuit includes an integrating and differentiating error amplifier and a hysteresis comparator group;

[0017] The integral-differential error amplifier is used to generate a first error voltage based on the sampled bus voltage;

[0018] The hysteresis comparator group is used for:

[0019] The switching state of the high-power dissipation resistor branch is determined based on the comparison result between the first error voltage and the set voltage of the high-power dissipation resistor branch.

[0020] The second error voltage is obtained by subtracting the product of the number of closed circuits of the high-power dissipation resistor branch and the set coefficient from the first error voltage. The switching state of the low-power dissipation resistor branch is determined based on the comparison between the second error voltage and the set voltage of the low-power dissipation resistor branch.

[0021] Optionally, the hysteresis comparator group is designed with different hysteresis loop widths according to the power level of the dissipation resistor branch;

[0022] The hysteresis loop width H of the low-power dissipation resistor branch L satisfy:

[0023] H L =I L / G;

[0024] Among them, I L Let G be the single-channel current of the low-power dissipation resistor branch, and G be the transconductance of the low-power dissipation resistor branch.

[0025] The hysteresis loop width H of the high-power dissipation resistor branch H satisfy:

[0026] H H =H L (N L +R L / R H );

[0027] Where, N L R is the number of branches with low power dissipation resistors. L R is the resistance of the low-power dissipation resistor branch. H The resistor is the resistor of the high-power dissipation resistor branch.

[0028] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention also provides a power matching control method for a thermionic nuclear power source, applied to the power matching control system for a thermionic nuclear power source as described in any of the preceding claims, comprising:

[0029] The charging current of the nuclear power supply to the filter capacitor array is limited by the anti-surge circuit when the nuclear power supply starts up. After the bus voltage stabilizes, the anti-surge circuit is switched to a low-resistance conduction state.

[0030] The control circuit samples the bus voltage and outputs a switch control signal.

[0031] The operating state of the dissipation resistor array is adjusted according to the switch control signal to dissipate excess power output by the nuclear power supply after the load is used, thereby achieving power balance.

[0032] Optionally, the step of sampling the bus voltage and outputting a switching control signal through the control circuit includes:

[0033] The bus voltage is sampled by the control circuit, and a first error voltage is generated based on the sampled bus voltage.

[0034] The first error voltage is compared with the set voltage of the high-power dissipation resistor branch to obtain the first switch control signal;

[0035] The second error voltage is obtained by subtracting the product of the number of closed circuits of the high-power dissipation resistor branch and the set coefficient from the first error voltage. The second error voltage is then compared with the set voltage of the low-power dissipation resistor branch to obtain the second switch control signal.

[0036] Optionally, adjusting the operating state of the dissipation resistor array according to the switch control signal to dissipate excess power output from the core power supply after load use, thereby achieving power balance, includes:

[0037] The switching state of the high-power dissipation resistor branch is adjusted according to the first switch control signal to adjust the excess power output of the nuclear power supply over a wide range.

[0038] The switching state of the low-power dissipation resistor branch is adjusted according to the second switch control signal to regulate the excess power output of the nuclear power supply within a small range.

[0039] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention provides a power matching control system and method for a thermionic nuclear power supply. It employs a parallel shunt power dissipation system and uses a simple and reliable topology to achieve power matching control. For low-voltage, high-current applications, dissipation branches of different power levels are designed to work together to achieve high-precision power matching control and significantly reduce the capacity of the filter capacitor. Simultaneously, hysteresis control is employed, and different hysteresis loop widths are designed to match dissipation branches of different power levels, enabling high dynamic and high-stability power matching control. This meets the needs of low-voltage, high-current space thermionic nuclear power supplies to improve output voltage quality while reducing system costs and increasing power density. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a power matching control system for a thermionic nuclear power source provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a current-voltage characteristic curve of the output of a thermionic nuclear power source provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a power matching control method for a thermionic nuclear power source provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a power matching control system for a thermionic nuclear power source provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the power matching control system of the thermionic nuclear power source includes an anti-impact circuit, a filter capacitor array, a control circuit, and a dissipation resistor array.

[0046] The shock protection circuit is connected in series with the output terminal of the nuclear power supply, the filter capacitor array is connected in parallel with the output terminal of the shock protection circuit, the dissipation resistor array is connected in parallel with both ends of the filter capacitor array, the control circuit is connected to the filter capacitor array and the dissipation resistor array, and the dissipation resistor array is connected in parallel with the load.

[0047] The shock-proof circuit is used to limit the charging current of the nuclear power supply to the filter capacitor array;

[0048] In one optional embodiment, the shock-resistant circuit includes a resistor-series switch branch and a MOSFET switch branch connected in parallel; preferably, the resistance value of the resistor-series switch branch is designed to be around 0.5Ω.

[0049] The resistor-series switch branch is used to turn on during the initial startup of the nuclear power supply to limit the charging current of the nuclear power supply to the filter capacitor array; the MOSFET switch branch is used to turn on when the set voltage enters a steady state to bypass the resistor-series switch branch.

[0050] It should be noted that MOSFET, short for Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor, is a transistor that uses an electric field effect to control its on and off states. In this embodiment of the invention, the MOSFET's current-carrying capacity is greater than 1.5 times the operating point current. During the initial startup phase, the resistor-series switch branch is closed, and the nuclear power supply charges the filter capacitor array with current limiting. Once the set voltage is reached and the system enters steady-state operation, the MOSFET switch branch is closed, bypassing the resistor-series switch branch and thus enabling the nuclear power supply to be connected.

[0051] The filter capacitor array is used to filter out bus voltage ripple to maintain the stability of the bus voltage.

[0052] Specifically, the filter capacitor array is used to stabilize the bus voltage during dynamic power adjustment, including suppressing high-frequency modulation ripple and smoothing bus fluctuations during dynamic load changes.

[0053] In one alternative embodiment, the filter capacitor array is composed of a film capacitor, a tantalum capacitor, and a ceramic capacitor connected in parallel.

[0054] It should be noted that the filter capacitor array is connected in parallel with the dissipation resistor array and the load. Preferably, the capacitance value of the filter capacitor array can be designed to be around 1mF. Among them, the film capacitor can handle a large ripple current, the tantalum capacitor can quickly respond to the dynamic current of the load, and the ceramic capacitor connected in parallel with the aforementioned two types of capacitors can significantly reduce the equivalent series resistance of the filter capacitor array, while improving the high-frequency filtering capability. The capacitor array composed of the three types of capacitors in parallel is particularly suitable for low-voltage, high-current applications in space.

[0055] The dissipation resistor array includes multiple high-power dissipation resistor branches and multiple low-power dissipation resistor branches, which are used to operate according to the control signal of the control circuit to dissipate excess power output by the nuclear power supply after the load is used, so as to achieve power balance.

[0056] In one optional embodiment, each of the high-power dissipation resistor branches and each of the low-power dissipation resistor branches are branches consisting of resistors connected in series with MOSFET switches. These high-power and low-power dissipation resistor branches are formed by combining resistors of different power ratings. That is, the power dissipation resistor array is connected in parallel with the load, and is composed of branches consisting of resistors of various sizes connected in series with MOSFET switches.

[0057] It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention adopt a parallel-type shunt power dissipation system. The power dissipation resistor array is connected in parallel with the load. The excess power output by the nuclear power supply is shunt to ground by the power dissipation resistor. When the bus voltage is stable, the power on a single power dissipation branch is fixed. By adjusting the switching frequency of the power dissipation branch, the magnitude of the dissipated power can be dynamically adjusted.

[0058] The high-power dissipation resistor branch is used to adjust the excess power output of the nuclear power source over a wide range; the low-power dissipation resistor branch is used to adjust the excess power output of the nuclear power source over a small range.

[0059] It is worth noting that the power dissipation resistor array is composed of resistor branches of different power levels, which can solve the problems of low adjustment accuracy of high power resistor branches and excessively large scale of low power resistor branches. High power dissipation resistor branches are used for dynamic wide-range adjustment, while low power dissipation resistor branches are used for steady-state fine adjustment. This can achieve extremely low impedance and extremely high dynamics, and is especially suitable for power matching control of low-voltage high-current nuclear power supplies.

[0060] The control circuit is used to sample the bus voltage and output a switch control signal to adjust the working state of the dissipation resistor array.

[0061] In one alternative embodiment, the control circuit includes an integrating and differentiating error amplifier and a hysteresis comparator group; wherein the hysteresis comparator group includes a plurality of hysteresis comparators connected to multiple high-power dissipation resistor branches and a plurality of hysteresis comparators connected to multiple low-power dissipation resistor branches; each of the hysteresis comparators is connected to each power dissipation resistor branch.

[0062] The integral-differential error amplifier is used to generate a first error voltage based on the sampled bus voltage;

[0063] The hysteresis comparator group is used for:

[0064] The switching state of the high-power dissipation resistor branch is determined based on the comparison result between the first error voltage and the set voltage of the high-power dissipation resistor branch.

[0065] The second error voltage is obtained by subtracting the product of the number of closed circuits of the high-power dissipation resistor branch and the set coefficient from the first error voltage. The switching state of the low-power dissipation resistor branch is determined based on the comparison between the second error voltage and the set voltage of the low-power dissipation resistor branch.

[0066] Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, the output bus voltage is compared with a given voltage, and a main error voltage (first error voltage) is generated after proportional-integral-derivative control. This voltage is compared with the given voltage of the high-power dissipation resistor branch to determine the switching state of the high-power dissipation resistor branch. That is, if the first error voltage is greater than the given voltage, the branch is connected; otherwise, it is disconnected. The main error voltage is subtracted from the product of the number of open circuits in the high-power dissipation resistor branch and the set voltage to obtain the error voltage (second error voltage) of the low-power dissipation resistor branch. This error voltage is compared with the given voltage of the low-power dissipation resistor branch to determine the switching state of the low-power resistor branch. That is, if the second error voltage is greater than the given voltage, the branch is connected; otherwise, it is disconnected.

[0067] in,

[0068] V mea =V MEA -N H *v D ;

[0069] Among them, V mea V is the error voltage of the low-power dissipation resistor branch. MEA This is the error voltage of the high-power dissipation resistor branch, i.e., the main error voltage; N H The number of closed loops in a high-power dissipation resistor branch; v DThe fixed voltage set for the low-power dissipation resistor branch.

[0070] In one alternative embodiment, the hysteresis comparator group is designed with different hysteresis loop widths according to the power level of the dissipation resistor branch;

[0071] The hysteresis loop width H of the low-power dissipation resistor branch L satisfy:

[0072] H L =I L / G;

[0073] Among them, I L Let G be the single-channel current of the low-power dissipation resistor branch, and G be the transconductance of the low-power dissipation resistor branch.

[0074] The hysteresis loop width H of the high-power dissipation resistor branch H satisfy:

[0075] H H =H L (N L +R L / R H );

[0076] Where, N L R is the number of branches with low power dissipation resistors. L R is the resistance of the low-power dissipation resistor branch. H The resistor is the resistor of the high-power dissipation resistor branch.

[0077] It should be noted that, as Figure 1 As shown, the output of the hysteresis comparator is connected to the control terminals of the switching devices (such as MOSFETs) in each branch (high-power branch and low-power branch) of the dissipation resistor array. The switching control signal output by the control circuit is first input to the hysteresis comparator. After comparison and judgment based on the set hysteresis threshold, the comparator outputs a corresponding level signal to drive the switching on and off of the corresponding branch in the dissipation resistor array. This adjusts the number and value of resistors connected to the circuit of the dissipation resistor array, thereby achieving dynamic dissipation of excess power from the nuclear power supply and achieving power balance.

[0078] It is worth noting that, in order to ensure dynamic response speed and stability, the embodiments of the present invention design hysteresis comparators for each dissipation resistor branch, and generate control signals by comparing the error voltage with the given voltage. Different loop widths are designed according to different power dissipation resistor branches. Through the coordinated control of high-power dissipation resistor branches and low-power dissipation resistor branches, both high dynamic range and high steady-state fine-tuning of dissipation power can be achieved.

[0079] For example, see Figure 2 , Figure 2This is a current-voltage characteristic curve of a thermionic nuclear power source provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the thermionic nuclear power supply used in this embodiment of the invention has an output voltage range of 0.4V-1.4V, a current range of 100-425A, and a power range of 140W-220W.

[0080] Therefore, based on the operating characteristics of low-voltage, high-current thermionic nuclear power sources, and considering on-orbit characteristic decay, such as... Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment of the invention, the initial operating point parameter is selected as 1V / 200A, i.e., the initial bus voltage V. bus =1V, load current I0 =1A. In actual implementation, the operating point on the rail can be adjusted by modifying the reference voltage as needed.

[0081] For example, in this embodiment of the invention, the filter capacitor array is composed of a 56uF film capacitor, a 660uF tantalum capacitor, and a 500uF ceramic capacitor connected in parallel. For a 200W application, two specifications of power dissipation resistor branches are designed; for higher power applications, more specifications can be designed. In this embodiment, the high-power dissipation resistor branches are designed as 25W×8 channels, with a single-channel current of 25A and a single-channel resistance of 40mΩ; the low-power dissipation resistor branches are designed as 5W×4 channels, with a single-channel current of 5A and a single-channel resistance of 200mΩ. That is, the power dissipation resistor array has a total of 12 power dissipation resistor branches, each branch connected in series with a MOSFET switch, the switch specifications matching the current flowing through the branch.

[0082] In summary, the thermionic nuclear power supply power matching control system provided by this invention adopts a parallel shunt power dissipation system and achieves power matching control with a simple and reliable topology. For low-voltage, high-current applications, dissipation branches of different power levels are designed to work together to achieve high-precision power matching control and significantly reduce the capacity of the filter capacitor. Simultaneously, hysteresis control is employed, and different hysteresis loop widths are designed to match the dissipation branches of different power levels, enabling high dynamic and high-stability power matching control. Furthermore, this invention also employs an anti-surge circuit to mitigate current surges during the thermionic nuclear power supply startup process. Therefore, this invention achieves high-precision power matching control while avoiding energy density reduction caused by excessively large filter capacitors, meeting the requirements of low-voltage, high-current thermionic nuclear power supplies to improve output voltage quality while reducing system costs and increasing power density.

[0083] This invention also provides a power matching control method for a thermionic nuclear power source, applicable to the power matching control system for a thermionic nuclear power source as described in any of the preceding embodiments. See also Figure 3 , Figure 3This is a flowchart of a power matching control method for a thermionic nuclear power source provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The power matching control method for the thermionic nuclear power source includes steps S1 to S3:

[0084] S1. Limit the charging current of the nuclear power supply to the filter capacitor array when the nuclear power supply starts up by using the anti-impact circuit. After the bus voltage stabilizes, switch the anti-impact circuit to the low-resistance conduction state.

[0085] S2. The control circuit samples the bus voltage and outputs a switch control signal.

[0086] Specifically, step S2 includes:

[0087] The bus voltage is sampled by the control circuit, and a first error voltage is generated based on the sampled bus voltage.

[0088] The first error voltage is compared with the set voltage of the high-power dissipation resistor branch to obtain the first switch control signal;

[0089] The second error voltage is obtained by subtracting the product of the number of closed circuits of the high-power dissipation resistor branch and the set coefficient from the first error voltage. The second error voltage is then compared with the set voltage of the low-power dissipation resistor branch to obtain the second switch control signal.

[0090] S3. Adjust the working state of the dissipation resistor array according to the switch control signal to dissipate excess power output by the nuclear power supply after the load is used, so as to achieve power balance.

[0091] Specifically, step S3 includes:

[0092] The switching state of the high-power dissipation resistor branch is adjusted according to the first switch control signal to adjust the excess power output of the nuclear power supply over a wide range.

[0093] The switching state of the low-power dissipation resistor branch is adjusted according to the second switch control signal to regulate the excess power output of the nuclear power supply within a small range.

[0094] For example, the output bus voltage of the thermionic nuclear power supply is sampled by the control circuit, and the output error voltage V is generated after passing through a proportional-integral-differential error amplifier. MEA Error voltage V MEA The given voltage of the high-power resistor branch in the power dissipation resistor array is compared with that of the high-power resistor branch using a hysteresis comparator to obtain the state of the MOSFET switch in the high-power resistor branch. Then, the error voltage is subtracted from the product of the number of closed loops in the high-power resistor branch and a set coefficient to obtain the error voltage V of the low-power resistor branch. mea The voltage is compared with the given voltages of each path in the low-power resistor branch by a hysteresis comparator to determine the state of the MOSFET switch in the low-power resistor branch.

[0095] In summary, the power matching control method for a thermionic nuclear power supply provided by this invention utilizes an anti-impact circuit to limit the charging current to the filter capacitor array during startup, avoiding the risk of large current surges. After the bus voltage stabilizes, it switches to low-resistance conduction to reduce system losses. By sampling the bus voltage in real time and outputting precise switching control signals through the control circuit, combined with dynamic adjustment of the dissipation resistor array, excess power output by the nuclear power supply can be dissipated in a timely manner, effectively maintaining power balance and ensuring stable and efficient operation of the thermionic nuclear power supply under different operating conditions. This adapts to the high reliability and precise power regulation requirements of power systems in special environments such as space.

[0096] It is worth noting that the thermionic nuclear power supply power matching control system and method provided in this embodiment of the invention can also be adapted to the application scenarios of high-orbit and low-orbit nuclear power spacecraft. The power control topology is simple and reliable, and the control method has high stability. It can be extended to a high-power nuclear power supply power matching control system.

[0097] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power matching control system for a thermionic nuclear power source, characterized in that, It includes shock protection circuits, filter capacitor arrays, control circuits, and dissipation resistor arrays; The shock protection circuit is connected in series with the output terminal of the nuclear power supply, the filter capacitor array is connected in parallel with the output terminal of the shock protection circuit, the dissipation resistor array is connected in parallel with both ends of the filter capacitor array, the control circuit is connected to the filter capacitor array and the dissipation resistor array, and the dissipation resistor array is connected in parallel with the load. The shock-proof circuit is used to limit the charging current of the nuclear power supply to the filter capacitor array; The filter capacitor array is used to filter out bus voltage ripple to maintain the stability of the bus voltage. The control circuit is used to sample the bus voltage and output a switch control signal to adjust the working state of the dissipation resistor array; The dissipation resistor array includes multiple high-power dissipation resistor branches and multiple low-power dissipation resistor branches, which are used to operate according to the control signals of the control circuit to dissipate excess power output by the nuclear power supply after the load is used, so as to achieve power balance.

2. The power matching control system for the thermionic nuclear power source as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shock-resistant circuit includes a resistor-series-switch branch and a MOSFET switch branch connected in parallel. The resistor-series switch branch is used to turn on during the initial startup of the nuclear power supply to limit the charging current of the nuclear power supply to the filter capacitor array; the MOSFET switch branch is used to turn on when the set voltage enters a steady state to bypass the resistor-series switch branch.

3. The power matching control system for the thermionic nuclear power source as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The filter capacitor array is composed of film capacitors, tantalum capacitors and ceramic capacitors connected in parallel.

4. The power matching control system for the thermionic nuclear power source as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the high-power dissipation resistor branches and each of the low-power dissipation resistor branches are branches of resistors connected in series with MOSFET switches. The high-power dissipation resistor branches and low-power dissipation resistor branches are formed by selecting resistors of different power levels.

5. The power matching control system for the thermionic nuclear power source as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The high-power dissipation resistor branch is used to adjust the excess power output of the nuclear power source over a wide range; the low-power dissipation resistor branch is used to adjust the excess power output of the nuclear power source over a small range.

6. The power matching control system for the thermionic nuclear power source as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control circuit includes an integrating and differentiating error amplifier and a hysteresis comparator group; The integral-differential error amplifier is used to generate a first error voltage based on the sampled bus voltage; The hysteresis comparator group is used for: The switching state of the high-power dissipation resistor branch is determined based on the comparison result between the first error voltage and the set voltage of the high-power dissipation resistor branch. The second error voltage is obtained by subtracting the product of the number of closed circuits of the high-power dissipation resistor branch and the set coefficient from the first error voltage. The switching state of the low-power dissipation resistor branch is determined based on the comparison between the second error voltage and the set voltage of the low-power dissipation resistor branch.

7. The power matching control system for the thermionic nuclear power source as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The hysteresis comparator group is designed with different hysteresis loop widths according to the power level of the dissipation resistor branch. The hysteresis loop width H of the low-power dissipation resistor branch L satisfy: H L =I L / G; Among them, I L Let G be the single-channel current of the low-power dissipation resistor branch, and G be the transconductance of the low-power dissipation resistor branch. The hysteresis loop width H of the high-power dissipation resistor branch H satisfy: H H =H L (N L +R L / R H ); Where, N L R is the number of branches with low power dissipation resistors. L R is the resistance of the low-power dissipation resistor branch. H The resistor is the resistor of the high-power dissipation resistor branch.

8. A power matching control method for a thermionic nuclear power source, characterized in that, The power matching control system for the thermionic nuclear power source as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 includes: The charging current of the nuclear power supply to the filter capacitor array is limited by the anti-surge circuit when the nuclear power supply starts up. After the bus voltage stabilizes, the anti-surge circuit is switched to a low-resistance conduction state. The control circuit samples the bus voltage and outputs a switch control signal. The operating state of the dissipation resistor array is adjusted according to the switch control signal to dissipate excess power output by the nuclear power supply after the load is used, thereby achieving power balance.

9. The power matching control method for a thermionic nuclear power source as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The step of sampling the bus voltage and outputting a switch control signal through the control circuit includes: The bus voltage is sampled by the control circuit, and a first error voltage is generated based on the sampled bus voltage. The first error voltage is compared with the set voltage of the high-power dissipation resistor branch to obtain the first switch control signal; The second error voltage is obtained by subtracting the product of the number of closed circuits of the high-power dissipation resistor branch and the set coefficient from the first error voltage. The second error voltage is then compared with the set voltage of the low-power dissipation resistor branch to obtain the second switch control signal.

10. The power matching control method for a thermionic nuclear power source as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the operating state of the dissipation resistor array according to the switch control signal to dissipate excess power output from the core power supply after load use, thereby achieving power balance, includes: The switching state of the high-power dissipation resistor branch is adjusted according to the first switch control signal to adjust the excess power output of the nuclear power supply over a wide range. The switching state of the low-power dissipation resistor branch is adjusted according to the second switch control signal to regulate the excess power output of the nuclear power supply within a small range.

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