Dynamic simulation modeling method and application of compressed air energy storage system based on AMESIM

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on AMESIM compressed air energy storage system dynamic simulation modeling method and application, belong to compressed air energy storage technical field, this method first determines system index, based on these system index, design system process flow chart and carry out main, auxiliary equipment selection, determine the design point parameter of main, auxiliary equipment in energy storage and energy release stage.Subsequently, according to equipment selection result, select the submodel of each element in air circulation loop and storage heat exchange loop in AMESIM.Then, using the characteristics of main equipment and selection parameter, calibrate and verify each main equipment submodel, and build the steady-state simulation model of compressed air energy storage system;Then, based on steady-state model, construct dynamic simulation model, and carry out dynamic simulation verification and evaluation.The application can quickly build integrated thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, control theory and mechanical dynamics collaborative simulation model, with the advantages of high modeling precision, strong multidisciplinary coupling calculation ability and high simulation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of compressed air energy storage technology, specifically relating to a dynamic simulation modeling method and application of compressed air energy storage systems based on AMESIM. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale grid connection of new energy sources such as wind and solar power, the intermittent and unstable nature of their power generation has led to a significant increase in the pressure on the power grid for peak shaving. Energy storage technology has become a key means to balance power supply and demand and improve the absorption capacity of renewable energy, and is of great significance for building a new type of power system integrating "source, grid, load, and storage". Compressed air energy storage, as a large-scale physical energy storage technology, has advantages such as large storage capacity (up to hundreds of MW), long life (30-50 years), and low cost (approximately 0.3-0.5 yuan / kWh). It avoids the geographical limitations of traditional pumped hydro storage and the capacity decay and safety issues of electrochemical energy storage, and is currently a key development direction for long-term energy storage.

[0003] Dynamic simulation of compressed air energy storage systems can simulate key parameters such as pressure / temperature changes, energy conversion efficiency, and heat loss under different operating conditions, providing quantitative basis for system design and actual operation, thereby reducing development costs and risks. However, compressed air energy storage systems involve strong coupling between disciplines such as mechanics, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and automatic control, resulting in high system complexity and simulation difficulty. Existing simulation methods and software, such as EBSILON and ASPEN, can achieve steady-state thermodynamic analysis, but have poor adaptability to dynamic operating conditions and are difficult to simulate the full system response of storage and power generation processes. MATLAB relies on simplified assumptions, requires a large amount of custom programming, lacks sufficient modeling accuracy for multi-physics coupling (thermal-fluid-mechanical-control), and has low efficiency in large-scale system simulation. Although APROS supports joint simulation of power systems and energy storage devices, it is mainly suitable for analyzing grid transient scenarios such as load shedding and frequency regulation ancillary services, and has poor adaptability to the field of compressed air energy storage. In addition, APROS has insufficient model library for modeling compressed air energy storage systems, some components require secondary development, and the coupling accuracy of multiphysics (thermal-fluid-mechanical-control) is low. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a dynamic simulation modeling method and application for compressed air energy storage systems based on AMESIM. Addressing the problems of insufficient multi-physics coupling and poor adaptability to dynamic operating conditions in traditional modeling, it proposes a cross-disciplinary collaborative simulation framework suitable for compressed air energy storage systems. Through graphical modeling, a collaborative simulation model integrating thermodynamics (compression / expansion processes), fluid mechanics (air flow characteristics), control theory (power point tracking), and mechanical dynamics (equipment response) can be quickly built. This model boasts advantages such as high modeling accuracy, strong multi-disciplinary coupling computational capabilities, and high simulation efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a dynamic simulation modeling method for compressed air energy storage systems based on AMESIM, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Determine the system parameters of the compressed air energy storage system;

[0008] S2: Based on the system indicators, design the process flow diagram of the compressed air energy storage system and select the main and auxiliary equipment, and determine the design point parameters of the main and auxiliary equipment in the energy storage stage and the energy release stage.

[0009] S3: Based on the selection results of the main and auxiliary equipment in step S2, select the component sub-models contained in the air path and heat exchange circuit in AMESIM, wherein the components include the main equipment and the auxiliary equipment;

[0010] S4: Based on the main equipment selection results and the characteristic parameters of the components, calibrate and verify the main equipment sub-model;

[0011] S5: Determine whether the characteristic parameters of the components required for modeling are complete. If yes, proceed to step S6; otherwise, return to step S2.

[0012] S6: Connect the sub-models of each component according to the process flow diagram of the compressed air energy storage system, and build steady-state models of the energy storage stage and the energy release stage.

[0013] S7: Perform steady-state simulation based on the steady-state models of the energy storage and energy release stages built in S6 to verify the consistency between the steady-state simulation results and the design parameters. If they are consistent, proceed to step S8; otherwise, return to step S6 to check for errors and correct the steady-state models of the energy storage and energy release stages.

[0014] S8: Calculate the volume and design dimensions of the gas storage tank and liquid storage tank based on the design point parameters of step S2 and the steady-state simulation results;

[0015] S9: Constructing a dynamic simulation model based on a steady-state model;

[0016] S10: Build a PID control module based on the system operation mode and determine the PID control strategies for the energy storage and energy release stages;

[0017] S11: Set the simulation duration to perform dynamic simulation of the entire system;

[0018] S12: Verify the correctness of the pressure vessel design dimensions based on the dynamic simulation calculation results of the whole system. If not, return to step S8; otherwise, proceed to step S13.

[0019] S13: Evaluate the compressed air energy storage system scheme based on the dynamic simulation results of the entire system;

[0020] S14: Determine the rationality of the process design and selection based on the dynamic simulation results of the whole system. If not, return to step S2; otherwise, the process ends.

[0021] Furthermore, the process flow diagram of the compressed air energy storage system includes the number of main and auxiliary equipment, the connection method between equipment, and the operation mode of the compressed air energy storage system;

[0022] The energy storage stage operation mode is that, except for the final stage compressor which operates under sliding pressure, all preceding compressors maintain constant pressure operation; the energy release stage operation mode is constant pressure-sliding pressure operation: when the pressure of the gas storage tank is higher than the design point pressure, all stages of expanders maintain constant pressure operation; when the pressure of the gas storage tank is lower than the design point pressure, the above-mentioned expanders operate under sliding pressure.

[0023] Furthermore, the selection of component sub-models included in the air path in step S3 includes:

[0024] The compressor uses the GMCP02 sub-model, the heat exchanger air side uses the GMEXSIMP01 sub-model, the gas storage uses the GMCH000 sub-model, the valve uses the GMVO001 sub-model, the expander uses the GMTB001 sub-model, the pipeline uses the GMP001 sub-model, and the cavity between the connecting pipeline and the heat exchanger air side uses the GMCH030 sub-model.

[0025] The selection of component sub-models for the heat storage and heat exchange loop includes:

[0026] The liquid storage tank uses the TFTK3 sub-model, the heat exchanger liquid side uses the TFEXSIMP01 sub-model, the valve uses the TFVORF0 sub-model, the pump uses the TFPU001 sub-model, and the pipeline uses the TFL000 or TFL001R sub-model.

[0027] The heat exchange calculations for the air path and the heat exchange storage loop were performed using the THPHISIMP01 sub-model in AMESIM.

[0028] Furthermore, step S4 includes:

[0029] (a) For compressors or expanders: import the characteristic curve data under the design point operating conditions into the corresponding sub-model, calculate the air flow, compressor or expander power and efficiency, and compare and verify with the design point parameters;

[0030] (b) For heat exchangers: Import the characteristic curve data under the design point operating conditions into the corresponding sub-model, calculate the inlet and outlet pressures or flow rates and heat exchange, and compare and verify with the design point parameters.

[0031] Furthermore, step S6 includes the following steps:

[0032] Set up a physical property parameter calculation module for calculating the physical properties of all fluids and solids within the system;

[0033] Steady-state modeling of the system energy storage stage and energy release stage is performed according to the equipment connection sequence in the process flow diagram described in step S2; wherein, the gas storage tank is replaced by the GMVS001 sub-model and each liquid storage tank is replaced by the TFPT1 sub-model.

[0034] The first-stage expander is split into two parallel sections: the first-stage expander section 1 and the first-stage expander section 2. Both the first-stage expander section 1 and the first-stage expander section 2 adopt the GMTB001 sub-model.

[0035] Set boundary conditions: The inlet and outlet boundary conditions of the air path are given air pressure and temperature; the inlet and outlet boundary conditions of the heat exchange circuit are: cold medium pressure, hot medium pressure, cold medium temperature and hot medium temperature; the compressor or expander speed is fixed at the design value.

[0036] Furthermore, step S9 includes:

[0037] An atmospheric parameter calculation module has been added, using the ATBMPROP01 sub-model as the atmospheric parameter calculation module, to calculate the air pressure and temperature of the external environment under different altitudes and geographical conditions for compressed air energy storage systems.

[0038] The remaining component sub-models are based on the steady-state model, with GMVS001 replaced by GMCH000 and TFPT1 replaced by TFTK3. The initial dimensions, pressure, or temperature values ​​of the gas storage tank and liquid storage tank are set according to the calculation results of step S8, and heat loss is taken into account.

[0039] Furthermore, in step S10,

[0040] The PID control strategy for the energy storage stage is as follows:

[0041] The first PID module adjusts the speed of the final stage compressor to stabilize the air flow; the second PID module adjusts the power of the precooler pump to stabilize the inlet air temperature of the gas storage tank.

[0042] The PID control strategy during the energy release phase is as follows:

[0043] During constant pressure operation: The opening of the pressure reducing valve is adjusted by the third PID module to stabilize the inlet pressure of the first-stage expander;

[0044] During sliding pressure operation: The opening of the valve before the second stage of the first expander is adjusted by the fourth PID module to maintain the total power of the expander at a constant value;

[0045] During constant pressure and sliding pressure operation: the preheater pump power is adjusted by the fifth PID module to stabilize the outlet air temperature; the pump power of each gas-liquid heater is adjusted by the sixth to eighth PID modules to stabilize the corresponding outlet air temperature.

[0046] Furthermore, the dynamic simulation settings in step S11 include: selecting Dynamic for Simulation mode, Mixed for Error, and 1e-07 for Tolerance.

[0047] Furthermore, the evaluation indicators in step S13 include:

[0048] The pressure and temperature changes of the gas storage tank, the temperature, pressure, and flow rate changes of the fluids at the inlet and outlet of each stage of the compressor or expander and heat exchanger, the total power changes of each stage of the compressor or expander, and the flow rate, height, and temperature changes of the medium in each liquid storage tank.

[0049] Secondly, this invention provides an application of a dynamic simulation model of a compressed air energy storage system based on AMESIM. The dynamic simulation model of the compressed air energy storage system built using the above-mentioned dynamic simulation modeling method is used to evaluate the designed compressed air energy storage system scheme.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0051] (1) This invention utilizes the powerful multidisciplinary collaborative simulation capabilities of AMESIM to construct a high-precision coupled simulation model integrating thermodynamics (compression / expansion process, heat transfer), fluid mechanics (gas / liquid fluid dynamics), mechanical dynamics (equipment response), and control theory (power point tracking, temperature / pressure regulation) by precisely selecting sub-models that match the characteristics of the compressed air energy storage system. This significantly improves the simulation confidence of the system under transient operating conditions. This method can be used to conduct research on energy efficiency improvement and cost reduction of the system, and is particularly suitable for the engineering design and operation and maintenance optimization of large-scale non-combustion compressed air energy storage systems (CAES).

[0052] (2) In view of the sliding pressure operation mode of the first stage expander in the energy release stage of the compressed air energy storage system, the present invention innovatively proposes a method to simulate the physical process of intermediate air replenishment of the expander by using the parallel expander GMTB001 sub-model, which can efficiently simulate the system response characteristics (such as transient changes in pressure, temperature, flow rate and power) of the entire system in the energy storage and energy release stages.

[0053] (3) This invention establishes a standardized method for calibrating equipment characteristic parameters and a rigorous model verification process. By importing the design point parameters and characteristic curves of actual equipment (compressor / expander: flow rate-pressure ratio-efficiency, heat exchanger: flow rate-flow resistance-heat exchange effectiveness), it ensures that the behavior of individual component models (compressor, expander, heat exchanger, valve, pump, pipeline, etc.) closely approximates the real physical equipment. Based on this, system-level steady-state and dynamic simulation modeling calculations are performed, ensuring the accuracy of the integrated model under operating conditions, and enabling research on system optimization design, verification and tuning of control strategies, and prediction of system behavior.

[0054] (4) Based on the mature graphical modeling environment and rich multidisciplinary model library of AMESIM, this invention, combined with the proposed standardized modeling process and clear sub-model selection method, significantly reduces the workload of custom programming and the need for secondary development. R&D personnel can quickly build, modify and iterate complex compressed air energy storage system models, significantly shortening the development cycle of simulation models and improving the efficiency of engineering design.

[0055] In summary, this invention provides a dynamic simulation modeling method for compressed air energy storage systems based on AMESIM, effectively overcoming the limitations of existing technologies in terms of multi-physics dynamic coupling accuracy, adaptability to complex operating conditions, and engineering practicality. It provides a powerful and high-precision simulation tool and technical support for the design optimization, control strategy verification, safety assessment, and operational efficiency improvement of compressed air energy storage systems, especially large-scale non-combustion systems, and is of great value in promoting the engineering application and large-scale development of compressed air energy storage technology. Attached Figure Description

[0056] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0057] Figure 1 A flowchart of the dynamic simulation modeling method for compressed air energy storage system provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0058] Figure 2 An AMESIM simulation model diagram of the compressor for annotation and verification provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 3 The AMESIM simulation model diagram for heat exchanger annotation and verification provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the AMESIM steady-state simulation model of the system energy storage stage provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 5 A diagram of the AMESIM steady-state simulation model of the system energy release stage provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0062] Figure 6 A diagram of the AMESIM dynamic simulation model of the system energy storage stage provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0063] Figure 7 A diagram of the AMESIM dynamic simulation model of the system energy release stage provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0064] Figure 8 The simulation results show the inlet pressure of each stage compressor in the energy storage phase of the system.

[0065] Figure 9 The simulation results show the inlet pressure of each stage of the expander during the energy release phase of the system.

[0066] Figure 10The results of the pressure simulation calculations of the gas storage tank during the energy storage and energy release phases of the system;

[0067] Figure 11 The simulation results of the gas storage tank temperature during the energy storage and energy release phases of the system are presented.

[0068] Figure 12 The simulation results of airflow in the system's energy storage and energy release phases are presented.

[0069] Figure 13 The simulation results are for the total input power of each stage of the compressor during the energy storage stage and the total output power of each stage of the expander during the energy release stage.

[0070] Among them, 100 is the system physical property parameter calculation module, and 200 is the atmospheric parameter calculation module; 1 is the first-stage compressor, 2 is the second-stage compressor, 3 is the third-stage compressor, 4 is the fourth-stage compressor, 5 is the gas storage tank, 6 is the first gas-water cooler, 7 is the second gas-water cooler, 8 is the third gas-water cooler, 9 is the first gas-water radiator, 10 is the second gas-water radiator, 11 is the third gas-water radiator, 12 is the precooler, 13 is the first water storage tank, 14 is the second water storage tank, 15 is the third water storage tank, 16 is the fourth water storage tank, 17 is the fifth water storage tank, and 18 is the sixth water storage tank. 19 is the first PID control module, 20 is the second PID control module, 21(1) is the first stage expander, 21(2) is the second stage expander, 22 is the second stage expander, 23 is the third stage expander, 24 is the preheater, 25 is the first gas-water heater, 26 is the second gas-water heater, 27 is the third gas-water heater, 28 is the third PID control module, 29 is the fourth PID control module, 30 is the fifth PID control module, 31 is the sixth PID control module, 32 is the seventh PID control module, and 33 is the eighth PID control module. Detailed Implementation

[0071] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0072] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0073] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or may be interposed with another element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or may be interposed with another element. The terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., used herein to indicate orientation or positional relationships are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention.

[0074] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the specification of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0075] Reference Figure 1 The dynamic simulation modeling method for compressed air energy storage systems based on AMESIM includes the following steps:

[0076] S1, determine the system scale, power generation, gas storage pressure, energy storage duration, energy release duration, and other system indicators of the compressed air energy storage system;

[0077] S2. Based on the above system indicators, complete the process flow diagram design and main and auxiliary equipment selection design of the compressed air energy storage system, and clarify the design point parameters of the main and auxiliary equipment in the energy storage and energy release stages of the system.

[0078] The connection sequence of each device is highly flexible. In one possible embodiment, the connection sequence of each main device in the air path during the energy release stage is as follows: gas storage 5 - preheater 24 (air side) - first gas-water heater 25 (air side) - first stage expander section 1 21 (1), first stage expander section 21 (2) - second gas-water heater 26 (air side) - second stage expander 22 ... Nth gas-water heater - Nth stage expander - external atmospheric environment.

[0079] The heat exchange system can have one, two, or three heat exchange loops. The medium in each heat exchange loop can be water, oil, or molten salt, depending on the actual needs.

[0080] S3. Based on the selection results of the main equipment in step S2, select the sub-models of the modules and components included in the air circuit and heat exchange circuit, such as compressors, heat exchangers, gas storage tanks, liquid storage tanks, and expanders, in AMESIM; among them, the liquid storage tank can be a water storage tank, an oil storage tank, or a molten salt storage tank.

[0081] S4. Based on the main equipment selection results and characteristic parameter data, label and verify the model of the main components of the system;

[0082] S5. Determine whether the characteristic parameters required for modeling each component are complete. If not, proceed to step S2; if yes, proceed to step S6.

[0083] S6. Connect the simulation modules according to the system process flow diagram and perform steady-state modeling of the system's energy storage and release stages; the connection sequence of the simulation modules is the same as the connection sequence of the designed equipment.

[0084] S7. Determine whether the steady-state simulation results are consistent with the design parameters. If not, proceed to step S6 to check for and correct errors. If yes, proceed to step S8.

[0085] The steady-state simulation results include the temperature, pressure, and flow rate of the fluids at the inlet and outlet of each device, as well as the efficiency of each stage of the compressor and expander.

[0086] S8. Based on the design point parameters of step S2 and the steady-state simulation results of step S7, calculate the volume of the gas storage tank and the liquid storage tank, and design the dimensions of each pressure vessel.

[0087] S9, based on the system steady-state simulation model, constructs a dynamic simulation model;

[0088] S10, Build the PID control module of the simulation system according to the system operation mode, and perform parameter tuning;

[0089] S11, set the simulation duration for the energy storage stage and the energy release stage, and perform dynamic simulation of the entire system;

[0090] S12. Based on the dynamic simulation calculation results of the whole system, determine whether the size design of pressure vessels such as gas storage tanks and liquid storage tanks is correct. If not, proceed to step S8; if yes, proceed to step S13.

[0091] S13. Evaluate the designed compressed air energy storage system scheme based on the dynamic simulation results of the whole system;

[0092] S14. Based on the dynamic simulation results of the whole system, determine whether the system process design and equipment selection are appropriate. If not, proceed to step S2; if yes, proceed to step S15.

[0093] S15, complete the dynamic modeling and simulation of the compressed air energy storage system.

[0094] The present invention also provides an application of the dynamic simulation model of the compressed air energy storage system based on AMESIM. The dynamic simulation model of the compressed air energy storage system built using the modeling method described above is used to evaluate the designed compressed air energy storage system scheme.

[0095] The following example uses the dynamic simulation modeling process of a 10MW compressed air energy storage system to illustrate this method.

[0096] Reference Figure 1 A dynamic simulation modeling method for compressed air energy storage systems based on AMESIM, which includes:

[0097] S1, determine the system scale, power generation, gas storage pressure, energy storage duration, energy release duration, and other system indicators of the compressed air energy storage system;

[0098] S2. Based on the above system indicators, complete the process flow diagram design and main and auxiliary equipment selection design of the compressed air energy storage system, and clarify the design point parameters of the main and auxiliary equipment in the energy storage and energy release stages of the system.

[0099] The process flow diagram of a compressed air energy storage system includes the number of main and auxiliary equipment, the connection method between equipment, and the system operation mode.

[0100] Compressed air energy storage systems are mainly composed of main equipment such as multi-stage compressors, multi-stage expanders, heat exchange systems, and air storage tanks, as well as auxiliary equipment such as pumps and valves, which are scientifically and rationally matched and connected according to the physical parameters such as flow rate, temperature, and pressure during the flow of each working fluid.

[0101] The connection sequence of the main equipment in the air circuit during the energy storage phase is as follows:

[0102] First stage compressor 1 - First gas-water cooler 6 (air side) - First gas-water radiator 9 (air side) - Second stage compressor 2 - Second gas-water cooler 7 (air side) - Second gas-water radiator 10 (air side) - Third stage compressor 3 - Third gas-water cooler 8 (air side) - Third gas-water radiator 11 (air side) - Fourth stage compressor 4 - Precooler 12 (air side) - Gas storage tank 5.

[0103] The energy storage stage heat exchange system has three water channels, and the connection sequence of the main equipment in each water channel is as follows:

[0104] 1) First water storage tank 13 - precooler 12 (water side) - second water storage tank 14;

[0105] 2) Third water storage tank 15 - First air-water radiator 9 (water side), Second air-water radiator 10 (water side), Third air-water radiator 11 (water side) - Fourth water storage tank 16;

[0106] 3) Fifth water storage tank 17 - First air-water cooler 6 (water side), Second air-water cooler 7 (water side), Third air-water cooler 8 (water side) - Sixth water storage tank 18.

[0107] The connection sequence of the main equipment in the air circuit during the energy release phase is as follows:

[0108] Gas storage 5 - preheater 24 (air side) - first gas-water heater 25 (air side) - first stage expander section 1 21 (1), first stage expander section 21 (2) - second gas-water heater 26 (air side) - second stage expander 22 - third gas-water heater 27 (air side) - third stage expander 23 (air side).

[0109] The connection sequence of the main equipment in the water circuit of the heat exchange system during the energy release stage is as follows:

[0110] Fifth water storage tank 17 - First gas-water heater 25 (water side), Second gas-water heater 26 (water side), Third gas-water heater 27 (water side) - Sixth water storage tank 18.

[0111] The energy storage stage operates under a constant pressure mode, except for the fourth-stage compressor 4 which operates under sliding pressure. The first-stage compressor 1, the second-stage compressor 2, and the third-stage compressor 3 all operate under constant pressure. The energy release stage operates under a constant pressure-sliding pressure mode, meaning that when the pressure of the gas storage tank 5 is higher than the design pressure, the first-stage expander section 21(1), the first-stage expander section 21(2), the second-stage expander 22, and the third-stage expander 23 all operate under constant pressure; when the pressure of the gas storage tank 5 is lower than the design pressure, the above-mentioned expanders operate under sliding pressure.

[0112] The design parameters for the main process equipment include the temperature, pressure, and flow rate of the inlet and outlet fluids of the compressor, heat exchanger, gas storage tank, water storage tank, and expander; the efficiency of each stage of the compressor and expander; the flow resistance and heat exchange power of each heat exchanger; the upper and lower pressure limits of the gas storage tank 5; and the duration of the energy storage and release stages. The heat exchangers include gas-water coolers, gas-water radiators, precoolers, preheaters, and gas-water heaters.

[0113] S3. Based on the selection results of the main equipment in step S2, select the sub-models of modules and components such as compressors, heat exchangers, air storage tanks, water storage tanks, and expanders included in the air circuit and heat exchange circuit in AMESIM.

[0114] The components of the air circuit are selected from the Gas Mixture model library in AMESIM. Specifically: the compressor uses the GMCP02 sub-model, the heat exchanger (air side) uses the GMEXSIMP01 sub-model, the air storage tank 5 uses the GMCH000 sub-model, the pressure reducing valve and regulating valve use the GMVO001 sub-model, the expander uses the GMTB001 sub-model, the piping uses the GMP001 sub-model, and the cavity between the connecting piping and the heat exchanger (air side) uses the GMCH030 sub-model.

[0115] The components of the hot water storage and exchange circuit are selected from the Thermal Hydraulic model library in AMESIM. Specifically: the water storage tank uses the TFTK3 sub-model, the heat exchanger (water side) uses the TFEXSIMP01 sub-model, the regulating valve uses the TFVORF0 sub-model, the water pump uses the TFPU001 sub-model, and the piping uses the TFL000 and TFL001R sub-models.

[0116] The heat exchange calculations for the air circuit and the hot water storage and exchange circuit were performed using the THPHISIMP01 sub-model in AMESIM.

[0117] S4. Based on the selection results and characteristic parameter data of each main equipment, the model of the main components of the system is labeled and verified.

[0118] The required equipment characteristic parameter data include: flow-pressure ratio characteristic curves and flow-efficiency characteristic curves of compressors at different speeds, flow-resistance characteristic curves and flow-heat transfer effectiveness characteristic curves of air-side and water-side fluids of all heat exchangers, pressure-flow ratio characteristic curves and pressure-efficiency characteristic curves of expanders at different speeds, and the diameter and length of connecting pipelines between each piece of equipment.

[0119] When annotating the model of the main components of the system, the data format of the compressor is as follows: The compressor data includes two sets of data blocks. The first set of data blocks includes multiple independent first data blocks, and each first data block corresponds to a fixed correction speed W. ci , where i is the data block index. It contains multiple data points at that rotational speed, each data point including corrected flow rate and pressure ratio; each first data block has N... j The first group of data consists of rows, where j is the index of a data point. The second group of data blocks comprises multiple independent second data blocks, the same number as the first group. Each second data block corresponds to a fixed corrected rotational speed and contains multiple data points at that speed. Each data point includes the corrected flow rate and the actual efficiency. The corrected rotational speed of each second data block corresponds one-to-one with the corrected rotational speed of the first data block. Each second data block has N... j Row data;

[0120] The details are as follows:

[0121]

[0122] The first line of the first data block contains the corrected rotational speed value W. ci and the number of data points N at that rotational speed j Starting from the second row, the first column represents the corrected flow rate dm at that corrected speed value. ci,j ci represents the corrected rotational speed index (e.g., c1 corresponds to the first data block); j represents the data point index, from 1 to j. The second column is the pressure ratio, represented as Pr. i,j , where i represents the block index and j represents the data point index, ranging from 1 to j.

[0123] The first line of the second data block is the corrected rotational speed value W. ci and the number of data points N at that rotational speed j Starting from the second row, the first column represents the corrected flow rate dm at that corrected speed value. ci,j ci represents the corrected rotational speed index (e.g., c1 corresponds to the first data block); j represents the data point index, from 1 to j; the second column is the actual efficiency, represented as η. i,j , where i represents the block index and j represents the data point index, ranging from 1 to j.

[0124] The formulas for calculating the corrected rotational speed and corrected flow rate are as follows:

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] Where W is the actual rotational speed, and T st T represents the temperature under standard atmospheric conditions. up The inlet temperature is dm, the actual flow rate is P. st P is the pressure under standard atmospheric conditions. up This represents the actual pressure at the inlet.

[0128] The expander's data format consists of two sets of data blocks. The first set of data blocks includes multiple independent third data blocks, each corresponding to a fixed correction speed W. ci Let i be the data block index. It contains multiple data points at that rotational speed, each data point including pressure ratio and corrected flow rate; each first data block has N... jThe first group of data consists of rows, where j is the data block index. The second group of data blocks includes multiple independent fourth data blocks, the same number as the third group. Each fourth data block includes a fixed corrected rotational speed and contains multiple data points at that speed, each including the pressure ratio and actual efficiency. The corrected rotational speed of each fourth data block corresponds one-to-one with the corrected rotational speed of the third data block. Each fourth data block has N... j Row data;

[0129] The details are as follows:

[0130]

[0131] The first line of the third data block is the corrected rotational speed value W. ci and the number of data points N at that rotational speed j Starting from the second row, the first column is the pressure ratio, expressed as Pr. i,j 'i' represents the block index, and 'j' represents the data point index, ranging from 1 to j. The second column is the corrected flow rate dm for this corrected speed value. ci,j ci represents the corrected rotation speed index (e.g., c1 corresponds to the first data block); j represents the data point index, from 1 to j.

[0132] The first line of the fourth data block is the corrected rotational speed value W. ci and the number of data points N at that rotational speed j Starting from the second row, the first column is Pr under this corrected speed value. i,j The first column represents the block index, and the second column represents the data point index, ranging from 1 to j. The third column represents the actual efficiency, expressed as η. i,j , where i represents the block index and j represents the data point index, ranging from 1 to j.

[0133] The data format for the heat exchanger is as follows: The heat exchanger data consists of a set of data blocks. This set of data blocks contains multiple data points, each of which includes flow resistance and flow rate, for a total of N data points.

[0134] The details are as follows:

[0135]

[0136] The first column represents the flow resistance, denoted as x. N N represents the data point index, from 1 to N. The second column is the flow rate y under this flow resistance. N N represents the data point index, ranging from 1 to N.

[0137] The formula for calculating the heat exchange efficiency of a heat exchanger is:

[0138]

[0139] Where, εsteady For the heat exchanger's heat exchange efficiency, φ steady C represents the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity. min T is the smaller of the sum of the products of the isobaric specific heat and the mass flow rate of the fluids on both sides. hot,in T is the inlet temperature of the hot fluid. cold,in This is the inlet temperature of the cold fluid.

[0140] The annotation method for component models is as follows: (1) For compressors (expanders), such as Figure 2 As shown, given the inlet and outlet pressures and speeds under the design point operating conditions, the characteristic parameter data are imported into the corresponding sub-model according to the above data format. The air flow rate, compressor (expander) power and efficiency are calculated and compared with the compressor (expander) design point data in step S2. The calibration is completed when the error meets the requirements. (2) For heat exchangers, such as Figure 3 As shown, given the inlet flow rate (pressure) and temperature of the air and water fluids under the design point operating conditions, and the outlet pressure and temperature, the characteristic parameter data are imported into the corresponding sub-model. The inlet pressure (flow rate) of the fluids on both sides and the heat exchanger heat transfer are calculated and compared with the design point data of the equipment in step S2. The calibration is completed when the error meets the requirements.

[0141] S5. Determine whether the characteristic parameters required for modeling each component are complete. If not, proceed to step S2; if yes, proceed to step S6.

[0142] S6. Connect the simulation modules according to the system process flow diagram, and perform steady-state modeling of the system's energy storage and release stages; the connection order of the simulation modules is the same as the connection order of each device.

[0143] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown. The AMESIM system property parameter calculation module 100 is used for the calculation of all fluid and solid properties in the system. Specifically, the heat exchanger structure uses the THSD00 sub-model, the air properties use the GMGD0 mixed gas model composed of the GMGD_AIR sub-model and the GMGD_WATERVAPOR sub-model, and the water properties use the TFFD04 sub-model.

[0144] Steady-state modeling of the system's energy storage and energy release stages is performed according to the equipment connection sequence described in step S2. Specifically, gas storage tank 5 is replaced by a pressure / temperature source GMVS001 sub-model, and the first to sixth water storage tanks are replaced by a pressure / temperature source TFPT1 sub-model.

[0145] During the sliding pressure operation phase, the first-stage expander adopts a method of drawing a branch from the main air circuit for intermediate air replenishment. In steady-state modeling, two expander sub-models GMTB001 connected in parallel are used to replace the high-pressure end air intake + intermediate air replenishment process of the first-stage expander, thus meeting the calculation requirements.

[0146] Preferably, the first-stage expander is divided into a first-stage expander section 21 (1) and a first-stage expander section 21 (2). The high-pressure end air intake + intermediate air replenishment process of the first-stage expander is realized by using the parallel connection method of the GMTB001 sub-model in AMESIM.

[0147] The boundary conditions for the air circuit inlet and outlet are given air pressure and temperature values. The boundary conditions for the hot water circuit inlet and outlet are given cold water pressure, hot water pressure, cold water temperature, and hot water temperature values. The speeds of each stage compressor and expander are given as the design point speeds.

[0148] S7. Determine whether the steady-state simulation results are consistent with the design parameters. If not, proceed to step S6 to check for and correct errors. If yes, proceed to step S8.

[0149] The steady-state simulation results include the temperature, pressure, and flow rate of the fluids at the inlet and outlet of each device, as well as the efficiency of each stage of the compressor and expander.

[0150] S8. Based on the design point parameters of step S2 and the steady-state simulation results of step S7, calculate the volume of the gas storage tank and the liquid storage tank, and design the dimensions of each pressure vessel.

[0151] S9, based on the system steady-state simulation model, constructs a dynamic simulation model;

[0152] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown. The boundary conditions for the air path inlet in the energy storage stage and the air path outlet in the energy release stage are the external atmospheric environment. The atmospheric parameter calculation module 200 uses the ATBMPROP01 sub-model from the Aerospace and Marine model library to calculate the air pressure and temperature values ​​of the external atmospheric environment under different altitudes and geographical conditions for the compressed air energy storage system, and transfers the calculation results to the GMVS001 sub-models of the air path inlet in the energy storage stage and the air path outlet in the energy release stage. The models of the remaining components are based on the steady-state simulation model, with the GMVS001 sub-models of the air path outlet in the energy storage stage and the air path inlet in the energy release stage replaced by the GMCH000 sub-model representing the gas storage tank 5, and the TFPT1 sub-models of the inlet and outlet of the hot water exchange circuit in the energy storage and release stages replaced by the TFTK3 sub-models representing the first to sixth water storage tanks. The size parameters and initial pressure / temperature values ​​of the gas storage tank 5 and the first to sixth water storage tanks are assigned according to the calculation results in step S8.

[0153] In the dynamic simulation model, the heat loss from gas storage tank 5 and the first to sixth water storage tanks to the external environment is considered.

[0154] S10, Build the PID control module of the simulation system according to the system operation mode, and perform parameter tuning;

[0155] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown. The first PID control module 19, the second PID control module 20, the third PID control module 28, the fourth PID control module 29, the fifth PID control module 30, the sixth PID control module 31, the seventh PID control module 32, and the eighth PID control module 33 are all built using the PID001 sub-model from the Signal,Control model library.

[0156] The PID control strategy for the energy storage stage is as follows: (1) The first PID control module 19 is used to adjust the speed of the fourth stage compressor 4 so that the air flow rate is kept constant. (2) The second PID control module 20 is used to adjust the power of the water pump of the precooler 12 so that the air temperature before entering the gas storage tank 5 is kept constant.

[0157] The PID control strategy for the energy release stage is as follows: (1) The third PID control module 28 is used to adjust the opening of the pressure reducing valve after the gas storage tank 5 during constant pressure operation, so that the inlet pressure of the first stage expander is kept at a constant value; (2) The fourth PID control module 29 is used to keep the opening of the pressure reducing valve after the gas storage tank 5 unchanged during sliding pressure operation, and adjust the opening of the regulating valve before the second stage 21 (2) of the first stage expander so that the total power of each stage expander is kept at 10MW; (3) The fifth PID control module 30 is used to adjust the power of the water pump of the preheater 24 during constant pressure and sliding pressure operation, so that the air temperature at the outlet of the preheater 24 is kept at a constant value; (4) The sixth PID control module 31, the seventh PID control module 32 and the eighth PID control module 33 are used to adjust the power of the water pump of each gas-water heater before each stage expander during constant pressure and sliding pressure operation, so that the air temperature at the outlet of each gas-water heater is kept at a constant value.

[0158] S11, set the simulation duration for the energy storage stage and the energy release stage, and perform dynamic simulation of the entire system;

[0159] In the system dynamic simulation, select "Dynamic" for simulation mode, "Mixed" for error, and set "1e-07" for tolerance. This setting ensures the convergence of the calculation process, allowing the entire dynamic simulation to complete smoothly, and also improves the computational efficiency of the dynamic simulation process.

[0160] S12. Based on the dynamic simulation calculation results of the whole system, determine whether the size design of pressure vessels such as gas storage tanks and liquid storage tanks is correct. If not, proceed to step S8; if yes, proceed to step S13.

[0161] S13. Evaluate the designed compressed air energy storage system scheme based on the dynamic simulation results of the whole system;

[0162] Review and analyze the dynamic simulation results of the system's energy storage and release phases, mainly including the pressure and temperature changes over time in gas storage tank 5, the temperature, pressure, and flow rate changes over time for the inlet and outlet fluids of each stage of compressors / expanders and heat exchangers, the total power of each stage of compressors and expanders over time, and the flow rate, height, and temperature changes over time for water in all water storage tanks.

[0163] Some system dynamic simulation results are as follows Figure 8-13 As shown, the 10MW compressed air energy storage system has an energy storage phase of 8 hours and an energy release phase of 5 hours. The air flow rate, the power of each stage of the compressor and expander can be effectively controlled. The system's electro-electric conversion efficiency is 64.9%, the system scheme is superior, and the operation mode is relatively reasonable.

[0164] S14. Based on the dynamic simulation results of the whole system, determine whether the system process design and equipment selection are appropriate. If not, proceed to step S2; if yes, proceed to step S15.

[0165] S15, complete the dynamic modeling and simulation of the compressed air energy storage system.

[0166] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides an application of the dynamic simulation method for compressed air energy storage systems based on AMESIM. The modeling method described above is used to create a model, and the designed compressed air energy storage system scheme is evaluated based on the constructed dynamic simulation model of the compressed air energy storage system.

[0167] The term "constituting of" in describing a combination should include the identified elements, components, parts, or steps, as well as other elements, components, parts, or steps that do not substantially affect the essential novel features of the combination. The use of the terms "comprising" or "including" to describe combinations of elements, components, parts, or steps herein also contemplates embodiments that are essentially composed of such elements, components, parts, or steps. The use of the term "may" herein is intended to indicate that any described attribute included by "may" is optional.

[0168] Multiple elements, components, parts, or steps can be provided by a single integrated element, component, part, or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, component, part, or step can be divided into multiple separate elements, components, parts, or steps. The use of "a" or "an" to describe an element, component, part, or step does not imply the exclusion of other elements, components, parts, or steps.

[0169] It should be understood that the above description is for illustrative purposes and not for limitation. Many embodiments and applications beyond the provided examples will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of this teaching should not be determined by reference to the above description, but rather by reference to the foregoing claims and the full scope of their equivalents. For purposes of completeness, all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are incorporated herein by reference. The omission of any aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein in the foregoing claims is not intended as a waiver of that subject matter, nor should it be construed as an indication that the applicant has not considered that subject matter as part of the disclosed inventive subject matter.

Claims

1. A dynamic simulation modeling method for compressed air energy storage systems based on AMESIM, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Determine the system parameters of the compressed air energy storage system; S2: Based on the system indicators, design the process flow diagram of the compressed air energy storage system and select the main and auxiliary equipment, and determine the design point parameters of the main and auxiliary equipment in the energy storage stage and the energy release stage; S3: Based on the selection results of the main and auxiliary equipment in step S2, select the component sub-models contained in the air path and heat exchange circuit in AMESIM, wherein the components include the main equipment and the auxiliary equipment; S4: Based on the main equipment selection results and the characteristic parameters of the components, calibrate and verify the main equipment sub-model; S5: Determine whether the characteristic parameters of the components required for modeling are complete. If yes, proceed to step S6; otherwise, return to step S2. S6: Connect the sub-models of each component according to the process flow diagram of the compressed air energy storage system, and build steady-state models of the energy storage stage and the energy release stage. S7: Perform steady-state simulation based on the steady-state models of the energy storage and energy release stages built in S6 to verify the consistency between the steady-state simulation results and the design point parameters. If they are consistent, proceed to step S8; otherwise, return to step S6 to check for errors and correct the steady-state models of the energy storage and energy release stages. S8: Calculate the volume and design dimensions of the gas storage tank and liquid storage tank based on the design point parameters of step S2 and the steady-state simulation results; S9: Constructing a dynamic simulation model based on a steady-state model; S10: Build a PID control module based on the system operation mode and determine the PID control strategies for the energy storage and energy release stages; S11: Set the simulation duration to perform dynamic simulation of the entire system; S12: Verify the correctness of the pressure vessel design dimensions based on the dynamic simulation calculation results of the whole system. If not, return to step S8; otherwise, proceed to step S13. S13: Evaluate the compressed air energy storage system scheme based on the dynamic simulation results of the entire system; S14: Determine the rationality of the process design and selection based on the dynamic simulation results of the whole system. If not, return to step S2; otherwise, the process ends. Step S6 includes the following steps: Set up a physical property parameter calculation module for calculating the physical properties of all fluids and solids within the system; Steady-state modeling of the system energy storage stage and energy release stage is performed according to the equipment connection sequence in the process flow diagram described in step S2; wherein, the gas storage tank is replaced by the GMVS001 sub-model and each liquid storage tank is replaced by the TFPT1 sub-model. The first-stage expander is split into two parallel sections: the first-stage expander section 1 and the first-stage expander section 2. Both the first-stage expander section 1 and the first-stage expander section 2 adopt the GMTB001 sub-model. Set boundary conditions: The inlet and outlet boundary conditions for the air path are given air pressure and temperature; the inlet and outlet boundary conditions for the heat exchange circuit are: cold medium pressure, hot medium pressure, cold medium temperature, and hot medium temperature; the compressor or expander speed is fixed at the design value. Step S9 includes: An atmospheric parameter calculation module has been added, using the ATBMPROP01 sub-model as the atmospheric parameter calculation module, to calculate the air pressure and temperature of the external environment under different altitudes and geographical conditions for compressed air energy storage systems. The remaining component sub-models are based on the steady-state model, with GMVS001 replaced by GMCH000 and TFPT1 replaced by TFTK3. The initial dimensions, pressure, or temperature values ​​of the gas storage tank and liquid storage tank are set according to the calculation results of step S8, and heat loss is taken into account.

2. The dynamic simulation modeling method for a compressed air energy storage system based on AMESIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process flow diagram of the compressed air energy storage system includes the number of main and auxiliary equipment, the connection method between equipment, and the operation mode of the compressed air energy storage system. The energy storage stage operation mode is that, except for the final stage compressor which operates under sliding pressure, all preceding compressors maintain constant pressure operation; the energy release stage operation mode is constant pressure-sliding pressure operation: when the pressure of the gas storage tank is higher than the design point pressure, all stages of expanders maintain constant pressure operation; when the pressure of the gas storage tank is lower than the design point pressure, the above-mentioned expanders operate under sliding pressure.

3. The dynamic simulation modeling method for a compressed air energy storage system based on AMESIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The selection of component sub-models included in the air path in step S3 includes: The compressor uses the GMCP02 sub-model, the heat exchanger air side uses the GMEXSIMP01 sub-model, the gas storage uses the GMCH000 sub-model, the valve uses the GMVO001 sub-model, the expander uses the GMTB001 sub-model, the pipeline uses the GMP001 sub-model, and the cavity between the connecting pipeline and the heat exchanger air side uses the GMCH030 sub-model. The selection of component sub-models for the heat storage and heat exchange loop includes: The liquid storage tank uses the TFTK3 sub-model, the heat exchanger liquid side uses the TFEXSIMP01 sub-model, the valve uses the TFVORF0 sub-model, the pump uses the TFPU001 sub-model, and the pipeline uses the TFL000 or TFL001R sub-model. The heat exchange calculations for the air path and the heat exchange storage loop were performed using the THPHISIMP01 sub-model in AMESIM.

4. The dynamic simulation modeling method for a compressed air energy storage system based on AMESIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4 includes: (a) For compressors or expanders: import the characteristic curve data under the design point operating conditions into the corresponding sub-model, calculate the air flow, compressor or expander power and efficiency, and compare and verify with the design point parameters; (b) For heat exchangers: Import the characteristic curve data under the design point operating conditions into the corresponding sub-model, calculate the inlet and outlet pressures or flow rates and heat exchange, and compare and verify with the design point parameters.

5. The dynamic simulation modeling method for a compressed air energy storage system based on AMESIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S10 The PID control strategy for the energy storage stage is as follows: The first PID module adjusts the speed of the final stage compressor to stabilize the air flow; the second PID module adjusts the power of the precooler pump to stabilize the inlet air temperature of the gas storage tank. The PID control strategy during the energy release phase is as follows: During constant pressure operation: The opening of the pressure reducing valve is adjusted by the third PID module to stabilize the inlet pressure of the first-stage expander; During sliding pressure operation: The opening of the valve before the second stage of the first expander is adjusted by the fourth PID module to maintain the total power of the expander at a constant value; During constant pressure and sliding pressure operation: the preheater pump power is adjusted by the fifth PID module to stabilize the outlet air temperature; the pump power of each gas-liquid heater is adjusted by the sixth to eighth PID modules to stabilize the corresponding outlet air temperature.

6. The dynamic simulation modeling method for a compressed air energy storage system based on AMESIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic simulation settings in step S11 include: selecting Dynamic for Simulation mode, Mixed for Error, and 1e-07 for Tolerance.

7. The dynamic simulation modeling method for a compressed air energy storage system based on AMESIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The evaluation indicators in step S13 include: The pressure and temperature changes of the gas storage tank, the temperature, pressure, and flow rate changes of the fluids at the inlet and outlet of each stage of the compressor or expander and heat exchanger, the total power changes of each stage of the compressor or expander, and the flow rate, height, and temperature changes of the medium in each liquid storage tank.

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