Straw deep burying and field returning machine

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of straw returning to field machine, and discloses a straw deep burying returning to field machine, which comprises a suspension connecting head for connecting a tractor, and a plurality of straw deep burying units which are identical in structure, each unit comprising an I-shaped plow frame, a depth limiting wheel mounting groove provided with a threaded hole being arranged on the flange of the I-shaped plow frame, an upper land turning assembly fixed to the upper end of the web of the I-shaped plow frame and comprising a vertically arranged upper auxiliary plow and an upper main plow, and a lower land turning assembly fixed to the lower end of the web of the I-shaped plow frame and comprising a vertically arranged lower auxiliary plow and a lower main plow, the device being capable of achieving the series connection and locking of the straw deep burying units through a quick connector, and being capable of synchronously completing mechanical locking through a distributed locker and a controller, so that the deployment efficiency of the device is significantly improved, the RFID reader and writer automatically check unit parameters (such as ploughing depth and connection state), and the locking force is monitored in real time in combination with a pressure sensor, so that the operation safety and parameter consistency are ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of straw returning to field machines, in particular to a straw deep burying returning to field machine. BACKGROUND

[0002] The traditional straw returning to field machine generally adopts a whole welded steel frame structure as the core bearing platform. The main body of the frame is formed by welding channel steel and square tube, the horizontal width is fixed at 2.4 to 3.2 meters, and three or four groups of non-detachable plow body assemblies are arranged longitudinally. The plow body is directly fixed on the frame crossbeam through high-strength bolts, and the distance between adjacent plow bodies is strictly limited to 60 to 70 centimeters. The depth of tillage is adjusted by a mechanical depth limiting wheel, which is locked in height through fixed hole positions welded on the side wall of the frame. The adjustment accuracy is limited to 20 millimeter hole spacing, and the actual tillage depth deviation can reach ±25 millimeters.

[0003] The power transmission system adopts a single hydraulic oil pipe series connection design. After connecting the main distribution valve at the hydraulic output end of the tractor, the metal hard pipe is sequentially connected to each plow body lifting oil cylinder. Due to the cumulative pressure loss of the pipeline, the action of the last plow body is usually delayed by more than 1.5 seconds, resulting in significant differences in the depth of the multiple plow bodies entering the soil during travel. The agricultural machinery test data of Jilin Province in 2023 shows that the maximum actual burying depth difference of the four-plow machine group operation is up to 43 millimeters.

[0004] There are systematic defects in the maintenance process: when replacing the damaged plow body, oxygen cutting is required to remove the welding points, and the heat affected zone often causes deformation of the surrounding components; more than three sets of linkage mechanisms need to be disassembled for gear box maintenance, which generally takes more than 80 minutes; hydraulic system leakage faults occur frequently, and the average loss of hydraulic oil is 15 liters per single maintenance. The fault statistics of Heilongjiang Provincial Agricultural Machinery Institute in 2022 show that the median of annual maintenance downtime of 217 devices is 6.2 hours per device.

[0005] Such equipment has significant functional shortcomings: the working width cannot be dynamically adjusted, the whole frame needs to be replaced to achieve width expansion, and special vehicle permission is required for highway transportation of 3.2-meter-wide frames. In the face of hilly land with a slope of more than 8 degrees, fixed plow groups cannot adapt to the terrain fluctuations, and the straw burying qualification rate is only 67% to 72%. Especially in the case of soil moisture content exceeding 30%, the traditional machine needs to stop at least three times every two hours of operation to clean the clay on the plow body.

[0006] The above technical defects directly lead to rising operating costs: an additional investment of more than 60,000 yuan is needed for each expansion of 1 meter of working width; the fuel consumption per mu in high-viscosity soil conditions is as high as 7.1 liters; the annual downtime loss due to maintenance is equivalent to 56,000 yuan per device, and these systematic bottlenecks seriously restrict the large-scale application of straw returning to field technology. SUMMARY

[0007] The present application aims to provide a straw deep burying and returning machine to solve the problems in the background art.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solutions: a straw deep burying and returning machine, comprising:

[0009] A suspension connector is used to connect a tractor;

[0010] A plurality of straw deep burying units with the same structure, each of which comprises:

[0011] A I-shaped plow frame, the flanges of which are provided with depth-limiting wheel mounting slots with threaded holes;

[0012] An upturning soil assembly fixed to the upper end of the web of the I-shaped plow frame, comprising an upper auxiliary plow and an upper main plow arranged vertically;

[0013] A downturning soil assembly fixed to the lower end of the web of the I-shaped plow frame, comprising a lower auxiliary plow and a lower main plow arranged vertically;

[0014] The upturning soil assembly and the downturning soil assembly are arranged in a staggered manner along the plowing direction, and the vertical spacing between the upper auxiliary plow and the upper main plow is equal to the vertical spacing between the lower auxiliary plow and the lower main plow;

[0015] A first synchronous lifting mechanism for controlling the synchronous lifting of the upper auxiliary plow and the lower auxiliary plow;

[0016] A second synchronous lifting mechanism for controlling the synchronous lifting of the upper main plow and the lower main plow;

[0017] A quick connector provided between adjacent I-shaped plow frames and between the suspension connector and the first I-shaped plow frame, comprising:

[0018] A central connecting plate with a built-in controller;

[0019] Four distributed lockers symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central connecting plate to perform multi-point locking;

[0020] An identification assembly at the end of the distributed locker for object recognition;

[0021] A power sharing assembly for realizing power transmission between adjacent I-shaped plow frames.

[0022] According to the above technical solutions, the first synchronous lifting mechanism and the second synchronous lifting mechanism have the same structural configuration, both of which comprise:

[0023] A servo motor fixed to the inside of the I-shaped plow frame, the output shaft of which is coaxially assembled with a drive gear;

[0024] A first straight rack fixedly connected with the upper auxiliary plow, the lower auxiliary plow, the upper main plow, and the lower main plow, the first straight rack and the drive gear forming a meshing transmission pair;

[0025] The reinforcing guide frame located at the top and bottom of the I-shaped plow frame has guide grooves inside that constrain the upper auxiliary plow, lower auxiliary plow, upper main plow, and lower main plow to only move vertically up and down.

[0026] According to the above technical solution, the straw deep burial unit further includes:

[0027] The reciprocating lifting component is installed in the lifting groove on the side wall of the I-shaped plow frame;

[0028] A lifting vibratory seat equipped with soil-breaking spikes is slidably connected to the side wall of an I-shaped plow frame via a vertical guide assembly;

[0029] The fixed central seat is hinged to the reciprocating lifting component via the first telescopic rod, and to the lifting vibration seat via the second telescopic rod.

[0030] According to the above technical solution, the reciprocating lifting component includes:

[0031] A lifting drive motor embedded in the lifting slot;

[0032] A half-tooth gear fixed to the output shaft of the lifting drive motor has teeth only within a 180° circumference.

[0033] Two second straight racks are symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the rectangular lifting frame. The half-tooth gears drive the rectangular lifting frame to perform reciprocating linear motion through intermittent meshing.

[0034] According to the above technical solution, the vertical guide component includes:

[0035] A rectangular guide groove frame is fixed to the side wall of the I-shaped plow frame by a connecting rod;

[0036] A T-shaped guide block is fixedly connected to the lifting vibration seat, and a limiting protrusion is sleeved on the T-shaped guide block;

[0037] The rectangular guide groove frame has limiting slides on both sides, and limiting protrusions are nested therein to form an anti-detachment structure.

[0038] According to the above technical solution, the distributed locker includes:

[0039] The hollow docking cylinder, fixed to the central connecting plate, extends and retracts within the locking channel on the side wall of the I-shaped plow frame. Five radial slides are evenly distributed on the side wall of the hollow docking cylinder.

[0040] A locking motor is installed inside a hollow docking cylinder, and its output shaft is connected to a conversion shaft.

[0041] Five sets of linkage rings are sleeved on the conversion shaft, and each set is connected to a radial locking rod through a hinged connecting rod;

[0042] A pressure sensor is embedded at the end of the radial locking rod, which is inserted into the slot of the I-shaped plow frame locking channel when locked.

[0043] According to the above technical solution, the identification component includes:

[0044] A ring-shaped connecting cylinder fixed at the front end of the distributed locking device, the ring-shaped connecting cylinder is composed of a cylinder body and a magnetic cap.

[0045] An RFID reader / writer is embedded inside the magnetic cap.

[0046] Corresponding to the RFID chip set at the bottom of the locking channel of the I-shaped plow frame, the magnetic cylinder cover is attracted and fixed to the end face of the cylinder body by a group of circumferentially arranged permanent magnets.

[0047] According to the above technical solution, the power sharing component:

[0048] A spring-loaded pin is installed through the magnetic cap, with its tip protruding from the end face of the magnetic cap.

[0049] The annular conductive contact on the inner wall of the locking channel corresponds to the position of the spring pin;

[0050] The spring pin is connected to the RFID reader via an internal wire in the cylinder. When the connection is fixed, the spring pin and the annular conductive contact conduct the circuit.

[0051] According to the above technical solution, a control coordination system is also included:

[0052] The controller in the central connection board is connected to each distributed locker via a CAN bus.

[0053] After the identification component obtains the parameters of the I-shaped plow frame, the controller automatically configures the stroke parameters of the lifting mechanism;

[0054] When the waterproof one-button control is triggered, the controller synchronously starts the locking motors of all distributed lockers to perform connection or disconnection operations.

[0055] According to the above technical solution, waterproof one-button control buttons are respectively embedded at the upper and lower ends of the central connecting plate. The waterproof one-button control buttons are connected to the controller through signal transmission cables. The embedded plate is fastened to both sides of the central connecting plate by four sets of high-strength bolts. An operating gap is left between adjacent I-shaped plow frames. The side protrusion of the central connecting plate is embedded in the dovetail anti-misalignment groove of the side wall of the I-shaped plow frame. The dovetail anti-misalignment groove is provided with a shock-absorbing rubber layer.

[0056] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0057] (1) Modular rapid assembly and intelligent control: The quick connector realizes the series connection and locking of the straw deep burial unit. The mechanical locking is completed synchronously with the controller through the distributed locker, which significantly improves the equipment deployment efficiency. The RFID reader automatically verifies the unit parameters (such as tillage depth and connection status). Combined with the pressure sensor, the locking force is monitored in real time to ensure the safety of operation and the consistency of parameters.

[0058] (2) Precise layered deep burial and dynamic adjustment: The first synchronous lifting mechanism drives the upper and lower auxiliary plows to move down to the set tillage depth. Combined with the second synchronous lifting mechanism, the burial depth of the upper and lower main plows is adjusted independently to achieve multi-layer deep burial of straw, avoid surface accumulation problems, and dynamically adjust the height of the depth limiting wheel according to the soil hardness to ensure the stability of the burial depth under different soil conditions.

[0059] (3) Intelligent soil crushing and soil improvement: The reciprocating lifting frame drives the soil crushing spikes to move at a high frequency of ±15mm through the intermittent meshing of the half-tooth gear and the second straight rack. Combined with the crank slider mechanism, soil granulation is achieved. The coordinated operation of the soil crushing spikes can improve soil permeability, accelerate straw decomposition, and improve the soil's water, fertilizer, air and heat coordination ability.

[0060] (4) Status monitoring and safe disassembly: Pressure sensors and RFID readers provide real-time feedback on locking force and unit status. The controller dynamically adjusts operating parameters to reduce the risk of failure. One-button control enables quick disassembly of the equipment, improving equipment maintenance and relocation efficiency.

[0061] (5) Reduced operational efficiency and costs: Modular design and intelligent control shorten equipment deployment time, reducing the average deep burial operation time per acre to 15 minutes, which is twice as efficient as traditional equipment. Deep burial and returning to the field replaces straw burning or off-field disposal, reducing labor and transportation costs.

[0062] (6) Adaptability and scalability: The modular design and parameter adaptive function make the device suitable for different crops (rice, corn) and soil types (clay, sandy loam), and it has the potential to be promoted in the Northeast Black Soil, the Yangtze River Basin and the North China Plain.

[0063] (7) Increased production and income and resource recycling: Deep burial of straw forms an "underground drainage layer", which alleviates waterlogging stress, promotes crop root development and nitrogen absorption, and achieves increased wheat and corn production. Soil organic matter content is increased. Deep burial of straw replaces burning, eliminates smoke and harmful gas emissions, reduces air pollution risk, and improves soil structure, enhances soil water retention and permeability, and reduces erosion gully damage. Attached Figure Description

[0064] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0065] Figure 1 This is a first perspective view of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 2 This is a second perspective view of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 3 This is a third perspective view of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 4 This is a fourth perspective schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 5 This is the fifth perspective schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 7 This is a first partial three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 8 This is a second partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 9 This is a third partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 10 This is a fourth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 11 This is a fifth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 12 This is a sixth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 13 This is a third-dimensional schematic diagram of the seventh part of the present invention;

[0078] Figure 14 This is the eighth partial perspective view of the present invention;

[0079] Figure 15 This is a third-dimensional schematic diagram of the ninth part of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 16 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the tenth part of the present invention;

[0081] In the diagram: 1-Suspension connector, 2-Straw deep burial unit, 21-I-shaped plow frame, 211-Threaded hole, 212-Depth limiting wheel mounting slot, 213-Lifting slot, 214-Locking channel, 215-Dovetail anti-misalignment slot, 216-Shock-absorbing rubber layer, 22-Upward tillage component, 221-Upper auxiliary plow, 222-Upper main plow, 23-Downward tillage component, 231-Lower auxiliary plow, 232-Lower main plow, 24-First synchronous lifting mechanism. 241-Servo motor, 242-Drive gear, 243-First spur rack, 244-Reinforced guide frame, 245-Guide chute, 25-Reciprocating lifting component, 251-Lifting drive motor, 252-Half gear, 253-Rectangular lifting frame, 254-Second spur rack, 26-Lifting vibration seat, 261-Soil chipping, 27-Vertical guide assembly, 271-Connecting rod, 272-Rectangular guide chute frame, 273- T-shaped guide block, 274-limiting protrusion ring, 275-limiting slide rail, 28-fixed central seat, 281-first telescopic rod, 282-second telescopic rod, 3-quick connector, 31-central connecting plate, 311-waterproof one-button control button, 312-embedded plate, 313-high-strength bolt, 314-protrusion strip, 32-controller, 33-distributed locking device, 331-hollow docking cylinder, 332-radial slide rail, 333 - Locking motor, 334- Conversion shaft, 335- Linkage ring, 336- Hinge connecting rod, 337- Radial locking rod, 338- Pressure sensor, 339- Slot, 34- Identification component, 341- Annular connecting cylinder, 3411- Cylinder body, 3412- Magnetic cap, 342- RFID reader, 343- RFID chip, 35- Power sharing component, 351- Spring pin, 352- Annular conductive contact. Detailed Implementation

[0082] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0083] Please see Figures 1-16 The present invention provides a technical solution: a straw deep burial and returning machine, comprising:

[0084] Suspension connector 1, used for connecting to the tractor;

[0085] Multiple straw deep burial units 2 with identical structures, each straw deep burial unit 2 including:

[0086] The I-shaped plow frame 21 has a depth-limiting wheel mounting groove 212 with a threaded hole 211 on its flange;

[0087] The top-turning component 22 is fixed to the upper end of the web plate of the I-shaped plow frame 21, and includes the upper auxiliary plow 221 and the upper main plow 222 arranged vertically.

[0088] The lower plow assembly 23 is fixed to the lower end of the web of the I-shaped plow frame 21 and includes a lower auxiliary plow 231 and a lower main plow 232 arranged vertically.

[0089] The upper tillage component 22 and the lower tillage component 23 are staggered along the tillage direction, and the vertical distance between the upper auxiliary plow 221 and the upper main plow 222 is equal to the vertical distance between the lower auxiliary plow 231 and the lower main plow 232.

[0090] A first synchronous lifting mechanism 24 that controls the synchronous lifting of the upper auxiliary plow 221 and the lower auxiliary plow 231;

[0091] A second synchronous lifting mechanism that controls the synchronous lifting of the upper main plow 222 and the lower main plow 232;

[0092] Quick connector 3, disposed between adjacent I-shaped plow frames 21 and between suspension connector 1 and the first I-shaped plow frame 21, includes:

[0093] Central connecting board 31, built-in controller 32;

[0094] Four distributed locking devices 33 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central connecting plate 31 to perform multi-point locking;

[0095] The identification component 34 at the end of the distributed locker 33 is used for connection object identification;

[0096] Power sharing component 35 enables power transmission between 21 adjacent I-shaped plow frames;

[0097] Specifically, the first synchronous lifting mechanism 24 and the second synchronous lifting mechanism adopt the same structural configuration, both including:

[0098] The servo motor 241, which is fixed inside the I-shaped plow frame 21, has a drive gear 242 coaxially mounted on its output shaft.

[0099] A first straight rack 243 is fixedly connected to the upper auxiliary plow 221, the lower auxiliary plow 231, the upper main plow 222 and the lower main plow 232, and the first straight rack 243 forms a meshing transmission pair with the drive gear 242;

[0100] The reinforcing guide frame 244 located at the top and bottom of the I-shaped plow frame 21 has a guide groove 245 inside which restricts the upper auxiliary plow 221, lower auxiliary plow 231, upper main plow 222 and lower main plow 232 to only move vertically up and down.

[0101] The first synchronous lifting mechanism 24 and the second synchronous lifting mechanism achieve vertical adjustment of the straw deep burial unit 2 through coordinated control, ensuring the depth consistency and operational stability of the upper and lower tillage components (upper auxiliary plow, upper main plow, lower auxiliary plow, lower main plow). The first straight rack 243 is driven by the servo motor 241 to precisely control the vertical stroke of the straw deep burial unit 2 (e.g., tillage depth of 15-20cm) to meet the straw deep burial requirements of different crops (e.g., corn, rice). Synchronous lifting ensures that multiple straw deep burial units 2 maintain a consistent height when spliced, avoiding uneven soil turning caused by height differences between units. The controller 32 reads the actual depth of each unit synchronously through the RFID chip 343 and dynamically adjusts the lifting stroke to achieve data linkage.

[0102] Specifically, the straw deep burial unit 2 also includes:

[0103] The reciprocating lifting component 25 is installed in the lifting groove 213 on the side wall of the I-shaped plow frame 21;

[0104] The lifting vibration seat 26, equipped with soil-breaking spikes 261, is slidably connected to the side wall of the I-shaped plow frame 21 via a vertical guide assembly 27.

[0105] The fixed central seat 28 is hinged to the reciprocating lifting component 25 via the first telescopic rod 281, and to the lifting vibration seat 26 via the second telescopic rod 282;

[0106] Specifically, the reciprocating lifting component 25 includes:

[0107] A lifting drive motor 251 is embedded in the lifting groove 213;

[0108] The half-tooth gear 252 is fixed to the output shaft of the lifting drive motor 251. The half-tooth gear 252 has teeth only in a 180° circumference range.

[0109] Two sections of second straight racks 254 are symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the rectangular lifting frame 253. The half-tooth gears 252 drive the rectangular lifting frame 253 to perform reciprocating linear motion through intermittent meshing.

[0110] Specifically, the vertical guide assembly 27 includes:

[0111] A rectangular guide slot frame 272 is fixed to the side wall of the I-shaped plow frame 21 by a connecting rod 271;

[0112] A T-shaped guide block 273 is fixedly connected to the lifting vibration seat 26, and a limiting protrusion 274 is sleeved on the T-shaped guide block 273;

[0113] The rectangular guide slot frame 272 has limiting slides 275 on both sides, and the limiting protrusion ring 274 is nested therein to form an anti-detachment structure;

[0114] The reciprocating lifting component 25 achieves vertical lifting of the straw deep burial unit 2 through reciprocating motion (e.g., tillage depth of 15-20cm), adapting to the straw deep burial needs of different crops (e.g., corn, rice). The lifting drive motor 251 serves as the power source, providing rotational driving force, and drives the half-tooth gear 252 to rotate through the output shaft. The motor type is a servo motor or stepper motor, supporting precise control of speed and angle. The half-tooth gear 252 has teeth only in a 180° circumference range, and drives the second straight rack 254 through intermittent meshing, realizing the reciprocating linear motion of the rectangular lifting frame 253. The rectangular lifting frame 253 serves as the motion carrier, with two symmetrically arranged second straight racks 254 inside, achieving bidirectional linear motion when meshing with the half-tooth gear 252. The soil-breaking spikes 261 break hard soil clods through vibration, promoting full mixing of straw and soil particles. After the tillage component has been operated, the upper and lower ends of the lifting vibration seat 26 can be equipped with spring telescopic plates, which assist in compacting the soil through high-frequency vibration, improving the density of straw burial.

[0115] Specifically, the distributed locker 33 includes:

[0116] The hollow docking cylinder 331, fixed to the central connecting plate 31, is telescopically movable within the locking channel 214 on the side wall of the I-shaped plow frame 21. Five radial slides 332 are evenly distributed on the side wall of the hollow docking cylinder 331.

[0117] The locking motor 333, located inside the hollow docking cylinder 331, has its output shaft connected to the conversion shaft 334.

[0118] Five sets of linkage rings 335 are sleeved on the conversion shaft 334, and each set is connected to the radial locking rod 337 through the hinged connecting rod 336;

[0119] The radial locking rod 337 has a pressure sensor 338 embedded at its end, which is inserted into the slot 339 of the locking channel 214 of the I-shaped plow frame 21 when locked.

[0120] The hollow docking cylinder 331 is fixed by the central connecting plate 31, serving as the main frame of the locker. Its telescopic movement is within the locking channel 214 on the side wall of the I-shaped plow frame 21. The locking channel 214 provides guidance and limitation for the hollow docking cylinder 331, ensuring that the locker maintains axial alignment during telescopic movement and preventing skewing or jamming. Five radial slides 332 are evenly distributed on the side wall of the hollow docking cylinder 331 to guide the synchronous movement of the radial locking rods 337, ensuring the uniformity of the locking action. The linkage ring 335 is connected to the radial locking rods 337 via a hinged connecting rod 336, converting the motor's rotational motion into multi-point linear motion. The five sets of radial locking rods 33... 7. Simultaneously inserted into the plow frame slots 339, forming multi-point support, significantly improving locking stability (e.g., preventing plow frame displacement in soft or uneven soil). Even if some radial locking rods 337 fail, the remaining four sets can still maintain basic locking function, improving system fault tolerance. The simultaneous action of the five sets of radial locking rods 337 ensures uniform force on the I-shaped plow frame, avoiding structural deformation or fatigue fracture caused by single-point stress concentration. The locking motor 333 serves as the power source, driving the linkage ring 335 through the conversion shaft 334 to achieve precise control of the radial locking rods 337. Through real-time data from the pressure sensor 338, the system can dynamically adjust the locking force.

[0121] Specifically, the identification component 34 includes:

[0122] The annular connecting cylinder 341 is fixed at the front end of the distributed locking device 33. The annular connecting cylinder 341 is composed of a cylinder body 3411 and a magnetic cap 3412.

[0123] An RFID reader 342 is embedded inside the magnetic cap 3412;

[0124] Corresponding to the RFID chip 343 set at the bottom of the locking channel 214 of the I-shaped plow frame 21, the magnetic cap 3412 is attracted and fixed to the end face of the cylinder body 3411 by the circumferentially arranged permanent magnet group 3413.

[0125] The annular connecting cylinder 341 serves as the mounting carrier for the RFID reader 342. Through the cooperation of the cylinder body 3411 and the magnetic cap 3412, the RFID reader 342 can be quickly installed, removed, and fixed. The magnetic cap 3412 is attached to the end face of the cylinder body 3411 by circumferentially arranged permanent magnets 3413, ensuring a stable connection even under vibration or impact conditions. This allows for quick replacement or repair of the RFID reader, adapting to different operational needs (such as replacing RFID readers with different frequencies). The annular connecting cylinder 341 is made of waterproof and dustproof material, suitable for complex field environments. The RFID reader 342, embedded inside the magnetic cap 3412, is responsible for wireless communication with the RFID chip 343 at the bottom of the I-shaped plow frame, enabling data reading. The RFID chip 343, fixed at the bottom of the locking channel 214 of the I-shaped plow frame 21, stores the unique identification code, technical parameters, and operation records of the I-shaped plow frame 21. The RFID chip 343 is encapsulated in a high-temperature resistant and vibration-resistant material, adapting to the harsh environment of deep plowing operations. Each I-shaped plow frame's RFID chip 343 stores a unique ID, enabling rapid identification through the RFID reader 342 to avoid equipment confusion or misuse. The RFID chip 343 can record historical data such as the production, maintenance, and replacement of the plow frame, supporting full lifecycle management of the equipment. The RFID reader 342 communicates with the RFID chip 343 to obtain real-time data such as the locking status, tillage depth, and operation time of the I-shaped plow frame 21, providing feedback to the mechanical control system.

[0126] Specifically, the power sharing component 35:

[0127] A spring pin 351 is installed through the magnetic cap 3412, with its tip protruding from the end face of the magnetic cap 3412;

[0128] The annular conductive contact 352 on the inner wall of the locking channel 214 corresponds to the position of the spring pin 351;

[0129] The spring pin 351 is connected to the RFID reader 342 through the internal wires of the cylinder 3411. When the connection is fixed, the spring pin 351 and the annular conductive contact 352 conduct the circuit.

[0130] The spring-loaded pin 351 penetrates the magnetic cap 3412, with its tip exposed on the end face. It contacts the annular conductive contact 352 in the locking channel 214 through elastic compression, forming a physical and electrical connection. When the magnetic cap 3412 is closed, the spring-loaded pin is pressed tightly, ensuring stable conduction with the conductive annular contact 352. The spring design allows the pin to maintain contact under vibration or micro-displacement, adapting to the dynamic environment of field operations. The annular conductive contact 352 is embedded in the inner wall of the locking channel 214 and aligned with the spring-loaded pin 351, providing power input and signal transmission path for the RFID reader 342. It is connected to the RFID reader 342 through the internal wires of the cylinder 3411, realizing bidirectional transmission of power and control signals. According to the working state of the RFID reader (such as the high power consumption when reading the chip 343), the power supply current is dynamically adjusted through the annular conductive contact 352. The parallel design of multiple sets of spring-loaded pins 351 and conductive annular contacts 352 can maintain power supply even if some contacts fail.

[0131] Specifically, this also includes control and coordination systems:

[0132] The controller 32 in the central connection board 31 is connected to each distributed locker 33 via a CAN bus;

[0133] After the identification component 34 obtains the parameters of the I-shaped plow frame 21, the controller 32 automatically configures the stroke parameters of the lifting mechanism;

[0134] After the waterproof one-button control button 311 is triggered, the controller 32 synchronously starts the locking motors 333 of all distributed lockers 33 to perform connection or disconnection operations.

[0135] Specifically, the central connecting plate 31 is fitted with waterproof one-button control buttons 311 at its upper and lower ends. The waterproof one-button control buttons 311 are connected to the controller 32 via signal transmission cables. The embedded plate 312 is fastened to both sides of the central connecting plate 31 by four sets of high-strength bolts 313. An operating gap is left between adjacent I-shaped plow frames 21. The side protrusions 314 of the central connecting plate 31 are embedded in the dovetail anti-misalignment grooves 215 on the side wall of the I-shaped plow frame 21. The dovetail anti-misalignment grooves 215 are provided with shock-absorbing rubber layers 216.

[0136] Working Principle: This device achieves flexible adaptation and efficient execution of straw deep burial and returning operations through modular design and the synergistic effect of quick connectors. The following details the implementation of modular operations, the core functions of quick connectors, the unit collaborative operation mechanism, and applicable scenarios:

[0137] Modular job implementation methods

[0138] (1) Scalability of straw deep burial unit 2

[0139] Adjustable number of units: Users can adjust the working width by increasing or decreasing the number of straw burial units 2, depending on the size of the farmland. For example:

[0140] Small farmland (<5 mu): 1-2 units combined, with an operating width of 1.6-3.2 meters.

[0141] Large farmland (>20 mu): 6-10 units combined, with an operating width of 9.6-16 meters, significantly improving the efficiency of a single operation.

[0142] Independent unit operation: Each straw deep burial unit 2 can independently complete the functions of straw deep burial, soil turning and soil crushing and mixing, avoiding the interruption of the overall operation due to the failure of some units and reducing maintenance costs.

[0143] Flexible user customization: Users can customize the number of units required according to their own field size and operational needs (e.g., small farmers only need 1-2 units, while large farms can expand to more than 6 units), avoiding the resource waste caused by the "one-size-fits-all" design of traditional equipment.

[0144] (2) The bridging function of quick connector 3

[0145] Mechanical locking and unlocking:

[0146] Distributed locking device 33: Through the linkage ring 335 and radial locking rod 337 inside the hollow docking cylinder 331, multi-point locking of adjacent units or suspension connector 1 with the first unit is achieved (5 sets of radial locking rods 337 are evenly distributed, and the locking force is ≥500N).

[0147] One-button control: Through the waterproof one-button control 311 on the central connecting plate 31, users can quickly complete the synchronous start or separation of all locks, reducing the operation time to within 30 seconds (saving 80% of the time compared to traditional bolt connections).

[0148] Power sharing and parameter transmission:

[0149] Power transmission: The spring pin 351 contacts the annular conductive contact 352 to supply power to the adjacent unit (voltage 24V, current ≤10A), supporting the coordinated operation of the synchronous lifting mechanism.

[0150] Data interaction: The RFID reader 342 communicates with the RFID chip 343 of the I-shaped plow frame 21 to automatically identify the unit number and tillage parameters (such as tillage depth and travel range), and the controller 32 dynamically adjusts the travel of the lifting mechanism accordingly.

[0151] (3) Unit adaptability

[0152] Switching between work modes:

[0153] Shallow mulching: The burying depth is adjusted by the first synchronous lifting mechanism 24 and the second synchronous lifting mechanism to mix the straw into the top 10cm of soil.

[0154] Deep burial and return to the field: The burial depth is adjusted by the first synchronous lifting mechanism 24 and the second synchronous lifting mechanism to bury the straw to a depth of less than 20cm.

[0155] Terrain adaptability: The dovetail anti-misalignment groove 215 is equipped with a shock-absorbing rubber layer 216, which allows the height difference between units to be ≤3cm, making it suitable for uneven terrain (such as hilly areas or gully farmland).

[0156] Unitized production: Traditional equipment requires complete manufacturing and complex assembly before it can be shipped, while this equipment only needs to produce standardized units (such as straw return to the field unit). Each unit can be independently packaged and mass-produced, significantly reducing the complexity and cost of the production line.

[0157] Compact size and easy to transport: Traditional devices are bulky and require special vehicles for transportation and are easily restricted by roads. However, the modular design of this device can be broken down into multiple lightweight modules (such as a single straw return unit weighing ≤50kg), which can be transported by ordinary trucks or agricultural tricycles, greatly reducing logistics costs.

[0158] Adaptable to various scenarios: After being modularized, the equipment can flexibly adapt to the transportation needs of small fields, hilly areas or narrow ridges, solving the problem that traditional equipment cannot enter the site due to its large size.

[0159] Independent replacement of faulty units: Traditional equipment requires complete disassembly for maintenance, which takes several days or even weeks. However, this equipment uses quick connectors, so when a straw return unit is damaged, the user can directly disassemble it and replace it with a spare unit without stopping the machine to wait for maintenance, improving the continuity of operation by more than 90%.

[0160] Reduced maintenance costs: Traditional devices require professional personnel for maintenance due to their complex structure, while the standardized units of this device allow users to replace them independently, requiring only simple training to complete the operation, reducing maintenance costs by more than 60%.

[0161] Core functions of Quick Connector 3

[0162] (1) Distributed Locker 33

[0163] Multi-point locking structure:

[0164] Five sets of linked radial locking rods: Each set of radial locking rods 337 has a pressure sensor 338 embedded at the end to monitor the locking status in real time (locking force ≥500N) and ensure connection strength.

[0165] Anti-detachment design: After the radial locking rod 337 is inserted into the slot 339 of the I-shaped plow frame 21, the pressure sensor sends a feedback signal to the controller 32, triggering a locking completion prompt.

[0166] Intelligent recognition and configuration:

[0167] RFID chip 343: stores unit number and tillage parameters (e.g., default tillage depth 15cm). Controller 32 automatically configures the stroke of synchronous lifting mechanism (e.g., ±5cm range) based on the identification results.

[0168] (2) Power sharing component 35

[0169] Circuit conduction:

[0170] Spring pin 351: Ensures stable contact with the annular conductive contact 352 through elastic pressure (5-8N), and transmits power to the servo motor 241 and controller 32.

[0171] Fault isolation: If a unit loses power, the controller 32 will automatically switch the power supply path to ensure the normal operation of the remaining units.

[0172] Collaborative operation mechanism of the top and bottom turning components

[0173] (1) Single-ridge operation stage

[0174] Initial state: When the tractor traction device moves forward along the field ridge, the tillage assembly 22 (upper auxiliary plow 221 and upper main plow 222) starts first to perform straw tillage and burying operations.

[0175] Upper plow 221: Cut the topsoil (5-8cm deep) and mix the straw with the topsoil.

[0176] Upper plow 222: Push the mixed soil and straw into a deeper trench (15-20cm deep) to form a deep burial.

[0177] The tillage assembly 23 (lower auxiliary plow 231 and lower main plow 232) is currently in a non-working state, waiting for the tractor to turn around before switching.

[0178] (2) Tractor turning stage

[0179] Turning around: When the tractor completes a row of work and turns around, the device uses a hydraulic turning mechanism to rotate the I-shaped plow frame 21 180°, so that the lower turning component 23 faces the working direction. After turning, the turning direction of the lower turning component 23 is completely consistent with the original direction of the upper turning component 22 (both are along the tractor's travel direction), ensuring the continuity and consistency of soil turning. The straw is pushed into the deep soil layer in the same direction by the upper turning component 22 and the lower turning component 23, reducing the risk of straw rebound or exposure and improving the deep burial rate.

[0180] Switching logic: After receiving the turning signal, the controller 32 automatically starts the lowering component 23 and stops the uppering component 22 to ensure the continuity of operation.

[0181] (3) Reverse operation stage

[0182] Component 23 for bottom-flipping starts:

[0183] Lower auxiliary plow 231: Repeats the function of upper auxiliary plow 221, cutting the topsoil and mixing the straw.

[0184] Lower Main Plow 232: Imitates the function of Upper Main Plow 222, burying the mixture to a depth of 15-20cm.

[0185] Applicable Scenarios and Operational Advantages

[0186] (1) Scene adaptability

[0187] Large-scale farmland: Multi-unit combination enables wide-area operation, reduces the number of tractor round trips, and reduces fuel consumption by 30% (compared to single-unit operation).

[0188] Small-scale farmland: Flexible operation in single units, adaptable to irregular plots (such as terraced fields or orchard intercropping areas).

[0189] Special crops:

[0190] Rice straw: The paddy field method is adopted (the depth of plowing and burying is ≥10cm), combined with the vibration of the soil crusher 261 to promote decomposition.

[0191] Corn stalks: The soil-crushing spike 261 can be switched to a chopping blade for secondary crushing (length ≤10cm) to improve deep burial efficiency.

[0192] (2) Advantages of the job

[0193] Efficiency improvement:

[0194] A single operation can cover a width of up to 16 meters (10 units combined), with an operating speed of 5-8 km / h, and an efficiency 40% higher than traditional rotary tillers.

[0195] Straw burial rate: Through the synergistic effect of the upper and lower components, the burial rate is improved, which is much higher than that of traditional rotary tillers.

[0196] Soil improvement effect:

[0197] Increased organic matter: After straw is buried deeply, the organic carbon content of the soil increases.

[0198] Enhanced water retention capacity: Increased number of aggregates, improved porosity, and enhanced water retention capacity.

[0199] The working process of this device is as follows:

[0200] S1. Modular assembly: Multiple straw deep burial units 2 are connected in series via quick connector 3, triggering the waterproof one-button control button 311, the controller 32 drives all distributed lockers 33 to lock synchronously, and the identification component 34 automatically verifies the unit parameters;

[0201] S2. Depth reference configuration: Install the depth limiting wheel in the depth limiting wheel mounting slot 212. Adjust the fixed height of the depth limiting wheel according to the soil hardness. For hard soil (such as clay), lower the height of the depth limiting wheel to prevent excessive pressure from the plow frame, which would increase energy consumption. For loose soil (such as sandy loam), raise the height of the depth limiting wheel to ensure a stable straw burial depth.

[0202] S3. Layered operation start: The first synchronous lifting mechanism 24 drives the upper auxiliary plow 221 and the lower auxiliary plow 231 to move down synchronously to the set tillage depth, and the second synchronous lifting mechanism independently drives the upper main plow 222 and the lower main plow 232 to adjust the burial depth;

[0203] S4. Intelligent Soil Crushing: The lifting drive motor 251 drives the half-tooth gear 252, which intermittently meshes to drive the rectangular lifting frame 253 to reciprocate. 3-5 sets of soil crushing spikes 261 are evenly distributed at the bottom of the rectangular lifting frame 253, with each set spaced 10-15cm apart. The crank-slider mechanism changes the vibration direction. During the reciprocating motion, the soil crushing spikes 261 strike the soil at a frequency of 1-2Hz, achieving a soil granulation rate of ≥90%.

[0204] S5. Status monitoring: The pressure sensor 338 provides real-time feedback on the locking force and monitors the locking pressure of the radial locking rod 337 in real time. If the pressure is lower than the threshold (e.g., 500N), an alarm is triggered and the operation is suspended. The RFID reader 342 continuously verifies the unit connection status. The data is transmitted to the controller 32 via a wireless module (e.g., LoRa or Bluetooth) and dynamically displayed on the screen.

[0205] S6. Disassembly process: The waterproof one-button control button 311 is triggered twice, and the controller 32 retracts all radial locking rods 337 simultaneously, separating the I-shaped plow frame 21.

[0206] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0207] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A straw deep-burying and returning machine, characterized in that: include: Suspension connector (1), used to connect to the tractor; Multiple straw deep burial units (2) with identical structures, each straw deep burial unit (2) includes: The I-shaped plow frame (21) has a depth-limiting wheel mounting groove (212) with a threaded hole (211) on its flange. The top-turning component (22) is fixed to the upper end of the web of the I-shaped plow frame (21) and includes a vertically arranged upper auxiliary plow (221) and upper main plow (222). The lower plow assembly (23) is fixed to the lower end of the web of the I-shaped plow frame (21) and includes a lower auxiliary plow (231) and a lower main plow (232) arranged vertically. The upper tillage component (22) and the lower tillage component (23) are staggered along the tillage direction, and the vertical distance between the upper auxiliary plow (221) and the upper main plow (222) is equal to the vertical distance between the lower auxiliary plow (231) and the lower main plow (232). A first synchronous lifting mechanism (24) that controls the synchronous lifting of the upper auxiliary plow (221) and the lower auxiliary plow (231). A second synchronous lifting mechanism that controls the synchronous lifting of the upper main plow (222) and the lower main plow (232); A quick connector (3), disposed between adjacent I-shaped plowshares (21) and between the suspension connector (1) and the first I-shaped plowshare (21), comprises: Central connecting plate (31), built-in controller (32); Four distributed locking devices (33) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central connecting plate (31) to perform multi-point locking; The identification component (34) at the end of the distributed locker (33) is used for connection object identification; A power sharing component (35) enables power transmission between adjacent I-shaped plowshares (21); The first synchronous lifting mechanism (24) and the second synchronous lifting mechanism have the same structural configuration, both including: The servo motor (241) is fixed inside the I-shaped plow frame (21), and its output shaft is coaxially fitted with a drive gear (242). A first straight rack (243) is fixedly connected to the upper auxiliary plow (221), the lower auxiliary plow (231), the upper main plow (222), and the lower main plow (232). The first straight rack (243) and the drive gear (242) form a meshing transmission pair. The reinforcing guide frame (244) located at the top and bottom of the I-shaped plow frame (21) has a guide groove (245) inside which constrains the upper auxiliary plow (221), lower auxiliary plow (231), upper main plow (222) and lower main plow (232) to only move vertically up and down.

2. The straw deep-burying and returning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw deep burial unit (2) also includes: The reciprocating lifting component (25) is installed in the lifting groove (213) on the side wall of the I-shaped plow frame (21); The lifting vibrating seat (26) configured with soil-breaking spikes (261) is slidably connected to the side wall of the I-shaped plow frame (21) via a vertical guide assembly (27); The fixed central seat (28) is hinged to the reciprocating lifting component (25) via the first telescopic rod (281) and to the lifting vibration seat (26) via the second telescopic rod (282).

3. The straw deep-burying and returning machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reciprocating lifting component (25) includes: A lifting drive motor (251) is embedded in the lifting groove (213); The half-tooth gear (252) is fixed to the output shaft of the lifting drive motor (251), and the half-tooth gear (252) has teeth only in a 180° circumference range; Two second straight racks (254) are symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the rectangular lifting frame (253). The half-tooth gear (252) drives the rectangular lifting frame (253) to reciprocate linear motion through intermittent meshing.

4. A straw deep-burying and returning machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vertical guide assembly (27) includes: The rectangular guide slot frame (272) is fixed to the side wall of the I-shaped plow frame (21) by the connecting rod (271). A T-shaped guide block (273) is fixedly connected to the lifting vibration seat (26), and a limiting protrusion ring (274) is sleeved on the T-shaped guide block (273). The rectangular guide groove frame (272) has limiting slides (275) on both sides, and the limiting protrusion ring (274) is nested therein to form an anti-detachment structure.

5. A straw deep-burying and returning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distributed lock (33) includes: The hollow docking cylinder (331) fixed to the central connecting plate (31) extends and retracts within the locking channel (214) on the side wall of the I-shaped plow frame (21), and five radial slides (332) are evenly distributed on the side wall of the hollow docking cylinder (331). A locking motor (333) is installed inside the hollow docking cylinder (331), and its output shaft is connected to the conversion shaft (334). Five sets of linkage rings (335) are sleeved on the conversion shaft (334), and each set is connected to the radial locking rod (337) through the hinged connecting rod (336). The radial locking rod (337) has a pressure sensor (338) embedded at its end, which is inserted into the slot (339) of the locking channel (214) of the I-shaped plow frame (21) when locked.

6. A straw deep-burying and returning machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The identification component (34) includes: The annular connecting cylinder (341) is fixed at the front end of the distributed locking device (33). The annular connecting cylinder (341) is composed of a cylinder body (3411) and a magnetic cap (3412). An RFID reader (342) is embedded inside the magnetic cap (3412). The RFID chip (343) is set at the bottom of the locking channel (214) of the I-shaped plow frame (21), and the magnetic cap (3412) is attached to the end face of the cylinder body (3411) by the circumferentially arranged permanent magnet group (3413).

7. A straw deep-burying and returning machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The power sharing component (35): A spring pin (351) is provided through the magnetic cap (3412), with its tip protruding from the end face of the magnetic cap (3412); The annular conductive contact (352) on the inner wall of the locking channel (214) corresponds to the position of the spring pin (351); The spring pin (351) is connected to the RFID reader (342) through the internal wire of the cylinder (3411). When the connection is fixed, the spring pin (351) and the annular conductive contact (352) conduct the circuit.

8. A straw deep-burying and returning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a control coordination system: The controller (32) inside the central connection board (31) is connected to each distributed locker (33) via a CAN bus. After the identification component (34) obtains the parameters of the I-shaped plow frame (21), the controller (32) automatically configures the stroke parameters of the lifting mechanism; When the waterproof one-button control (311) is triggered, the controller (32) synchronously starts the locking motors (333) of all distributed lockers (33) to perform connection or disconnection operations.

9. A straw deep-burying and returning machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central connecting plate (31) is fitted with waterproof one-button control buttons (311) at its upper and lower ends respectively. The waterproof one-button control buttons (311) are connected to the controller (32) through a signal transmission cable. The embedded plate (312) is fastened to both sides of the central connecting plate (31) by four sets of high-strength bolts (313). There is an operating gap between the adjacent I-shaped plow frames (21). The side protrusions (314) of the central connecting plate (31) are embedded in the dovetail anti-misalignment groove (215) on the side wall of the I-shaped plow frame (21). The dovetail anti-misalignment groove (215) is provided with a shock-absorbing rubber layer (216).

Images