Ridge film side stubble and straw covering sowing and fertilizing machine tool

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of farming machines and tools, and particularly discloses a ridge film side stubble and straw covering sowing and fertilizing machine and tool which comprises a machine and tool frame and a traction mechanism arranged on the front side of the frame, and a conveying mechanism is located on the frame; the fertilizing mechanism is arranged on the frame on the rear side of the conveying mechanism; the rotary tillage mechanism is arranged on the lower side of the fertilization mechanism and used for carrying out rotary tillage on soil through which the machine passes, the two furrow releasing mechanisms are arranged on the two sides of the advancing direction of the frame respectively, the driving mechanism is arranged on the front sides of the furrow releasing mechanisms, and the ridging cover is fixedly arranged on the rear side of the rotary tillage mechanism and used for ridging; the film mulching mechanism is arranged on the frame on the rear side of the ridging cover, and a mulching film roller is arranged on the film mulching mechanism; the seeding mechanism is arranged on the rear side of the furrow releasing mechanism. High-quality cleaning and preparation of the seedbed can be achieved in one-time operation, meanwhile, straw can be recycled for soil moisture conservation, and the double advantages of being efficient and environmentally friendly are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically to a ridge-film-leaved straw mulching and sowing / fertilizing machine. Background Technology

[0002] In dryland farming areas such as Northwest and Northeast my country, ridge-cultivation with mulch film is widely used to achieve the effects of moisture retention, temperature increase, and yield increase. After the previous crop (such as corn or wheat) is harvested, a large amount of straw and tall stubble remain on the ground. How to efficiently handle these straw and stubble and carry out a new round of sowing is a key aspect of agricultural production.

[0003] Currently, there are two main types of farming methods: one is the full return to the field mode, which uses a rotary tiller to crush all the straw and stubble on the ground and turn them into soil; the other is the full removal mode, which uses a straw baler to collect the straw away from the field, or uses machinery such as a rake to push the straw to the edge of the field.

[0004] However, the aforementioned traditional methods have significant drawbacks. For the full straw return method, a large amount of straw and hard stubble are directly fed into the rotary tillage area, easily entangled in the rotary tiller shaft, leading to machine blockage, increased load, and even equipment damage. Simultaneously, the straw-mixed soil makes it difficult to form a level seedbed, affecting ridging and mulching quality, resulting in a high rate of mulch film breakage. Straw mulching of seed rows also hinders soil temperature rise, affecting seed germination and seedling emergence, and easily breeds pests and diseases. For the full straw removal method, while avoiding machine blockage, the removal or accumulation of straw removes the protective layer from the soil surface, leading to increased water evaporation and soil erosion, negating the inherent ecological benefits of straw mulching, such as moisture retention and fertilization. Furthermore, both methods require multiple machines to enter the field repeatedly, resulting in cumbersome procedures, low efficiency, and repeated compaction causing soil compaction.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for an innovative combined operation machine that can fundamentally solve the above contradictions, achieve high-quality cleaning and preparation of seedbeds in a single operation, and at the same time utilize straw resources for moisture retention, thus possessing both high efficiency and environmental protection advantages. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a ridge-film side-stubble mulching and sowing fertilization machine, the main purpose of which is to achieve high-quality cleaning and preparation of the seedbed in one operation, while also making use of straw resources for moisture retention, thus having the dual advantages of high efficiency and environmental protection.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a ridge-film-side stubble mulching and sowing / fertilizing machine, including a machine frame and a traction mechanism disposed on the front side of the frame, and further comprising:

[0008] The conveying mechanism, located on the frame and positioned behind the traction mechanism, is used to collect straw on the ground and stubble partially buried in the soil within the coverage area of ​​the implement.

[0009] A fertilizer application mechanism is mounted on the frame behind the conveying mechanism;

[0010] A rotary tillage mechanism is located below the fertilization mechanism and is used to till the soil over which the machine passes. Multiple fertilizer release ends of the fertilization mechanism are located inside the rotary tillage mechanism and are used to release fertilizer into the soil in a flying state.

[0011] Two furrow release mechanisms are respectively set on both sides of the traveling direction of the frame, and are used to crush and release the straw and stubble conveyed by the conveying mechanism into the furrows;

[0012] A drive mechanism is disposed on the front side of the furrow release mechanism. The drive mechanism includes a power distribution component and a transmission component. The transmission component is connected to the crushing and releasing components in the furrow release mechanism and is used to provide crushing and conveying power for straw and stubble. The power distribution component is connected to the conveying mechanism and is used to provide power to the conveying mechanism.

[0013] A ridging cover is fixedly installed on the rear side of the rotary tillage mechanism for ridging;

[0014] A film covering mechanism is installed on the frame behind the ridging cover, and a film covering roller is installed on the film covering mechanism;

[0015] The sowing mechanism is located behind the furrow release mechanism, and the sowing position of the sowing mechanism can be adjusted to be between the straw and stubble released in the furrow and the ridge slope.

[0016] In one feasible embodiment, the conveying mechanism includes: a conveying box fixedly fastened to the frame, the front side of the conveying box being open; a spiked roller whose rotation direction is opposite to that of the wheels on the frame, used to pierce into the stubble during travel and drive it out of the soil; a conveyor belt assembly disposed on the rear side of the spiked roller, used to continue conveying the straw stubble entering the implement towards the furrow release mechanism; an arc-shaped guide cover fixedly disposed in the inner cavity of the conveying box, the arc-shaped guide cover having an arc-shaped guide surface facing the two furrow release mechanisms; a discharge cover fixedly disposed on the outer wall of the conveying box and matching the guide direction of the arc-shaped guide cover; and a separation assembly movably disposed between the spiked roller and the conveyor belt assembly.

[0017] In one feasible implementation, each of the furrow release mechanisms includes: a release box fixedly disposed on both sides of a frame, the bottom of the release box being open; two material leakage adjustment plates movably disposed within the inner cavity of the release box, the material leakage gap between the bottom ends of the two material leakage adjustment plates being adjustable; a conveying rod with a spiral conveying blade thereon, the conveying rod being used to convey straw and stubble debris entering the release box parallel to the length of the material leakage gap; a crushing blade coaxially disposed on the outside of the conveying rod, corresponding to the end position of the discharge hood; and a material leakage guide plate disposed on the outside of the material leakage adjustment plate in the horizontal direction, which can be slidably disposed perpendicular to the direction of travel of the fertilizer applicator via an adjusting slider disposed thereon.

[0018] In one feasible embodiment, the release box further includes: a plurality of adjustment holes formed on the side wall of the release box, the adjustment holes being used to insert limiting pins to support and fix the position of the material leakage adjustment plate; a roller shaft being coaxially fixedly connected to the spiked roller, the other end of the roller shaft being drively connected to the power distribution assembly; and a conveyor belt shaft being locked and connected to the power input shaft of the conveyor belt assembly, the other end of the conveyor belt shaft being connected to the power distribution assembly.

[0019] In one feasible implementation, both of the seeding mechanisms include: seed-meshing wheels rotatably disposed at both ends of the rear side of the frame and corresponding to positions within the furrows; a seed bin disposed above the seed-meshing wheels and connected to the input port in the middle of the seed-meshing wheels via a seed tube; a fixing frame fixed to the tail end of the frame, and the side wall of the seed bin fixedly connected to the fixing frame; and a seed-covering wheel rotatably disposed at the rear side of the seed-meshing wheels.

[0020] In one feasible embodiment, the separation assembly includes: a separation plate movable towards or away from the spiked roller and disposed between the spiked roller and the conveyor belt assembly, wherein the section of the separation plate near the spiked roller is in an upward inclined state; a slider fixedly disposed at both ends of the separation plate and capable of sliding in a straight direction, engaging with the inner walls on both sides of the inner cavity of the conveyor box; a drive column fixedly disposed on the outer wall of the slider and capable of movably penetrating through the conveyor box and extending to the inner side of the power distribution assembly; and a plurality of limiting grooves vertically formed on the separation plate, the limiting grooves corresponding to the positions of the spikes located in the same vertical plane on the spiked roller.

[0021] In one feasible implementation, the drive mechanism includes a dual-axis output geared motor, one output shaft of which is connected to the transmission assembly, and the other output shaft is connected to the power distribution assembly. The power distribution assembly includes: a power distribution box sleeved on the outside of one side of the output shaft of the geared motor; a main shaft locked to the output shaft of the geared motor via a coupling; two helical gears located in the power distribution box, one sleeved on the end of the conveyor belt shaft and the other sleeved on the side of the main shaft, the two helical gears meshing with each other; at least one driving arc-shaped protrusion is fixedly arranged in a spiral state on the middle outer wall of the main shaft, for periodically driving the separating plate to move away from the spiked roller by contacting the drive column; a worm gear coaxially arranged with the main shaft and located on the other side of the main shaft; a worm wheel sleeved on the outer side of the end outer wall of the roller shaft, the worm wheel meshing with the worm gear.

[0022] In one feasible implementation, the transmission ratio of the worm and the worm wheel is N, where N is the number of spikes at the corresponding position in each limiting groove; the number of the driving arc-shaped protrusions is two, and all of the driving arc-shaped protrusions can be rotated around the main shaft for adjustment and locking.

[0023] The ridge-film side-leaving straw mulching and sowing / fertilizing machine provided in this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. This invention achieves the dual function of cleaning the seedbed and conserving moisture in the furrows. Through an innovative conveying mechanism and furrow release mechanism, it actively and precisely removes and laterally conveys straw and stubble from the sowing row (rotary tillage zone) during the machine's movement. This creates clean, tangled, and excellent seedbed conditions for rotary tillage, ridging, mulching, and sowing, fundamentally solving the problems of machine blockage, poor seedbed quality, and easy damage to mulch. Simultaneously, the removed straw, after being crushed, is not wasted but is precisely and quantitatively applied to the furrows on both sides, forming an effective biological mulch layer. This layer plays an ecological role in conserving moisture, suppressing weeds, enriching soil, and preventing soil erosion, successfully transforming waste into resource utilization.

[0025] 2. Significantly improves operational efficiency and reduces overall costs. This invention highly integrates multiple processes such as straw cleaning, side conveying, furrow covering, rotary tillage, fertilization, ridging, mulching, and sowing into one unit, realizing multiple operations in one trip to the field. This greatly reduces the number of times agricultural machinery needs to enter the field, reduces fuel consumption, labor costs, and soil compaction, resulting in significant economic benefits.

[0026] 3. This application optimizes the sowing environment and improves seedling emergence quality. Because the rotary tillage area is free from straw interference, the ridges are neatly formed, and the mulch is flat and tight, providing a more suitable seedbed with favorable water, air, and heat conditions for seed germination. The unique sowing position design (sowing between the straw mulch layer and the ridge slope) allows seeds to both come into contact with moist soil and continuously benefit from the moisture-retaining effect of the adjacent straw, significantly improving germination rate, uniformity, and seedling vigor.

[0027] 4. Highly adaptable, especially suitable for conservation tillage in high-stubble-residue fields. The spiked roller design of this invention has a strong gripping and cleaning ability for semi-buried stubble. The stubble turned up by the spiked roller has a targeted removal and conveying mechanism, making it particularly outstanding in fields with high stubble and high straw residue. It effectively solves the sowing problem faced when implementing conservation tillage in such areas, and has broad prospects for promotion and application. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the ridge-film side stubble mulching sowing and fertilization machine provided in the embodiments of this application is shown;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a top view of the ridge-film-side stubble-covered sowing and fertilizing machine provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a side view of the ridge-film side-stubble mulching sowing and fertilizing machine provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a bottom view of the ridge-film-side stubble-covered sowing and fertilizing machine provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the conveying mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0033] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the drive mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0034] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the furrow release mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0035] Figure 8 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the position of the discharge hood provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of the shredder provided in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0037] Figure 10 It shows Figure 8 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the image;

[0038] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the drive column provided in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0039] Figure 12 This diagram illustrates the positions of the separating plate and the spiked roller provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0040] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the power distribution assembly provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0041] In the diagram: 10. Conveying mechanism; 20. Traction mechanism; 30. Fertilizing mechanism; 40. Drive mechanism; 50. Furrow release mechanism; 60. Sowing mechanism; 70. Mulching mechanism; 80. Ridging cover; 90. Rotary tillage mechanism; 11. Conveying box; 12. Spiked roller; 13. Conveyor belt assembly; 14. Arc-shaped guide cover; 15. Discharge cover; 16. Separation assembly; 41. Gear motor; 42. Power distribution assembly; 43. Transmission assembly; 51. Release box; 52. Material leakage adjustment plate; 53. Conveying rod; 54. 55. Crusher, 56. Material guide plate, 57. Adjusting slider, 68. Seed metering wheel, 69. Seed bin, 60. Seed tube, 61. Fixing frame, 62. Seed covering wheel, 73. Film-side covering wheel, 511. Adjusting socket, 121. Roller, 131. Conveyor belt shaft, 161. Separating plate, 162. Slider, 163. Drive column, 164. Limiting groove, 421. Power distribution box, 422. Main shaft, 423. Helical gear, 424. Drive arc protrusion, 425. Worm, 426. Worm wheel. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To better understand the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments of this specification and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification, rather than limitations on the technical solutions of this specification. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of this specification and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0043] In this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element. The term "two or more" includes two or more cases.

[0044] Please see Figures 1 to 13 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of this application of a ridge-film side stubble mulching sowing and fertilizing machine includes a machine frame and a traction mechanism 20 disposed on the front side of the frame, and also includes: a conveying mechanism 10, a fertilizing mechanism 30, a driving mechanism 40, two furrow release mechanisms 50, a sowing mechanism 60, a film covering mechanism 70, a ridging cover 80 and a rotary tillage mechanism 90.

[0045] Specifically, the conveying mechanism 10, located on the frame and positioned behind the traction mechanism 20, is used to collect straw and stubble partially buried in the soil within the machine's travel coverage area. The fertilizing mechanism 30 is positioned on the frame behind the conveying mechanism 10. The rotary tillage mechanism 90 is positioned below the fertilizing mechanism 30 and is used to rotary till the soil as the machine passes. Multiple fertilizer release ends of the fertilizing mechanism 30 are located within the rotary tillage mechanism 90 to release fertilizer into the soil in a fluffy state. Two furrow release mechanisms 50 are respectively positioned on both sides of the frame's travel direction to crush and release the straw and stubble directionally conveyed by the conveying mechanism 10 into the furrows. The drive mechanism 40 is positioned in front of the furrow release mechanisms 50. The 0 includes a power distribution component 42 and a transmission component 43. The transmission component 43 is connected to the crushing and releasing components in the furrow release mechanism 50 to provide power for crushing and conveying straw and stubble. The power distribution component 42 is connected to the conveying mechanism 10 to provide power to the conveying mechanism 10. The ridging cover 80 is fixedly installed on the rear side of the rotary tillage mechanism 90 for ridging. The mulching mechanism 70 is installed on the frame on the rear side of the ridging cover 80. The mulching mechanism 70 is equipped with a mulch roller. A film-side soil covering wheel 71 that is inclined toward the edge of the mulch roller is also connected to the frame on the rear side of the mulch roller. The sowing mechanism 60 is installed on the rear side of the furrow release mechanism 50. The sowing position of the sowing mechanism 60 can be adjusted to be between the straw and stubble released in the furrow and the ridging slope.

[0046] The ridge-film stubble-covered sowing and fertilizing machine provided in this application is a highly integrated compound operation equipment. Its key feature is that it completes multiple processes such as "straw zoning treatment", "precision fertilization", "rotary tillage", "ridge making and mulching", and "water-saving sowing" simultaneously through a set of continuous mechanical actions. Specifically, when the machine moves forward driven by the traction mechanism 20, its foremost conveying mechanism 10, as the starting point of the entire process, first reliably grabs and collects the surface straw and difficult-to-handle semi-buried stubble within the working width and puts it into the machine, realizing the initial cleaning of the sowing strip and laying a solid foundation for subsequent operations. The collected material is then conveyed through the directional conveying channels inside the machine to the furrow release mechanisms 50 located on both sides of the machine body. During this process, the drive mechanism 40 provides power, and its power distribution component 42 ensures that the conveying mechanism 10 receives the required power. The transmission component 43 drives the crushing component inside the furrow release mechanism 50 to chop the straw stubble, and its conveying component evenly spreads the shreds onto the furrows to be formed. This not only realizes the resource utilization of waste (for furrow moisture retention and weed suppression), but more importantly, it completely avoids the clogging problem that may be caused by straw entering the central rotary tillage area. At the same time, the rotary tillage mechanism 90 located in the middle and rear of the machine tills the cleaned seedbed soil. The fertilization mechanism 30, which is spatially coordinated with it, sets its fertilizer release end inside the rotary tillage cover, directly spreading the fertilizer into the loose soil that has been flung by the rotary tillage blades. This achieves efficient, uniform, and deep application of fertilizer, greatly reducing nutrient volatilization loss. Following this, the ridging cover 80 shapes the loosened soil through rotary tillage into neat ridges. The mulching mechanism 70 then unfolds the mulch film and tightly adheres it to the ridge surface, creating an ideal microenvironment for heat and moisture retention. Finally, the sowing mechanism 60 operates at the rear of the machine, its sowing position adjustable to the boundary between the previously straw-covered furrow and the ridging slope. This allows the seeds to absorb moisture and nutrients from the ridge soil while also benefiting from the continuous moisture retention effect of the adjacent straw mulch layer, creating excellent conditions for crop emergence and growth. Therefore, this application successfully solves the problem of mutual constraints between straw management and sowing operations in traditional farming.

[0047] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 7As shown, in some examples, the conveying mechanism 10 further includes: a conveying box 11, a spiked roller 12, a conveyor belt assembly 13, an arc-shaped guide hood 14, a discharge hood 15, and a separation assembly 16. The conveying box 11 is fixedly fastened to the frame, and the front of the conveying box 11 is open. The spiked roller 12 rotates in the opposite direction to the rotation of the wheels on the frame, and is used to pierce into the stubble during travel and drive it out of the soil. The conveyor belt assembly 13 is located behind the spiked roller 12 and is used to continue conveying the straw stubble that has entered the implement towards the furrow release mechanism 50. The arc-shaped guide hood 14 is fixedly located in the inner cavity of the conveying box 11 and has an arc-shaped guide surface facing the two furrow release mechanisms 50. The discharge hood 15 is fixedly located on the outer wall of the conveying box 11 and matches the guide direction of the arc-shaped guide hood 14. The separation assembly 16 is movably located between the spiked roller 12 and the conveyor belt assembly 13.

[0048] In this example, the conveying mechanism 10 is key to achieving efficient stubble collection. It specifically comprises a conveyor box 11, spiked rollers 12, a conveyor belt assembly 13, an arc-shaped guide shroud 14, a discharge shroud 15, and a separation assembly 16. The conveyor box 11 is open at the front, ensuring extensive capture of straw and stubble on the ground. The spiked rollers 12 employ a counter-rotating design, rotating in the opposite direction to the implement wheels. This allows the spikes to penetrate and dig up stubble during the overall movement of the implement, generating strong upward and backward forces. This thoroughly excavates stubble buried deep in the soil and transports it backward. It also efficiently and easily pierces straw or mulch film on the ground. The conveyor belt assembly 13 receives the material and steadily conveys it inward. The arc-shaped guide shroud 14, through its forked arc-shaped guide surface, smoothly diverts the central material flow to the left and right sides. The discharge shroud 15 connects to the guide shroud outlet, forming a closed transmission channel that accurately delivers the material into the furrow release mechanism 50. The separation component 16 is located between the spiked roller 12 and the conveyor belt assembly 13, and has a periodic cleaning function, which can effectively peel off tangled materials (such as mulch film, hard-to-remove root stubble, and corn stalks). Therefore, this conveying mechanism 10 integrates active digging, efficient collection, and smooth diversion, providing a stable and high-quality material flow for subsequent operations.

[0049] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, in some examples, each furrow release mechanism 50 further includes: a release box 51, two material leakage adjustment plates 52, a conveying rod 53, a crushing blade 54, and a material leakage guide plate 55. The release box 51 is fixedly installed on both sides of the frame, and the bottom of the release box 51 is open. The two material leakage adjustment plates 52 are movably installed in the inner cavity of the release box 51, and the material leakage gap between the bottom ends of the two material leakage adjustment plates 52 is adjustable. The conveying rod 53 is provided with a spiral conveying blade, and the conveying rod 53 is used to convey the straw and stubble entering the release box 51 in parallel along the length of the material leakage gap. The crushing blade 54 is coaxially installed on the outside of the conveying rod 53 and corresponds to the end position of the discharge hood 15. The material leakage guide plate 55 is installed on the outside of the material leakage adjustment plate 52 in the horizontal direction and can be slidably installed perpendicular to the direction of travel of the fertilizer applicator by means of the adjusting slider 56 installed on it.

[0050] In this example, the furrow release mechanism 50 is the actuating component for straw furrow covering. It consists of a release box 51, a material leakage adjustment plate 52, a conveying rod 53, a crushing blade 54, and a material leakage guide plate 55. The release box 51 is fixed to both sides of the frame, and its open bottom design forms a discharge port. The two material leakage adjustment plates 52 inside the box are movable. By changing the relative position of their bottom ends, the width of the material leakage gap can be precisely adjusted, thereby controlling the amount, position, and density of straw spreading. The conveyor rod 53 is equipped with spiral conveyor blades. When it rotates, it pushes the material to move evenly along the length of the material leakage gap, ensuring that the straw is continuously laid along the entire length of the furrow. When there is a large amount of straw on the ground (possibly due to manual accumulation or dense growth), but the vehicle speed remains constant, material blockage may occur. To address this issue, this example provides a long strip-shaped material leakage gap parallel to the direction of equipment movement, and a conveyor rod 53 parallel to the length of the material leakage gap. When a large amount of straw and stubble accumulates and blocks the material, it can continue to move along the direction of the material leakage gap and release it slowly, making it difficult for material blockage to occur. The crushing blade 54, coaxially mounted on the outside of the conveyor rod 53, faces the outlet of the discharge hood 15 and can finally crush the straw and stubble transported there. The material leakage guide plate 55 can slide laterally by adjusting the slider 56 to guide the crushed straw to fall accurately into the designated position in the furrow, preventing the material from drifting into the subsequent sowing area, avoiding the covering straw and stubble from affecting the newly sown seeds, and clearly defining the material leakage boundary. This adjustment function allows the machine to adapt to different row spacing and agronomic requirements. The entire mechanism, through the adjustable material leakage gap and the laterally movable guide plate, achieves precise control over the position and amount of straw covering, creating an ideal seedbed environment for subsequent sowing operations.

[0051] like Figure 10 and Figure 13As shown, in some examples, the release box 51 further includes: a plurality of adjustment holes 511, a roller 121, and a conveyor belt shaft 131. The plurality of adjustment holes 511 are formed on the side wall of the release box 51. The adjustment holes 511 are used to insert limit pins to support and fix the position of the material leakage adjustment plate 52. The roller 121 is coaxially fixedly connected to the spike roller 12, and the other end of the roller 121 is drivenly connected to the power distribution assembly 42. The conveyor belt shaft 131 is locked and connected to the power input shaft of the conveyor belt assembly 13, and the other end of the conveyor belt shaft 131 is connected to the power distribution assembly 42.

[0052] In this example, the release box 51 serves as an external component of the furrow release mechanism 50. Multiple adjustment holes 511 on the side wall of the release box 51, in conjunction with limiting pins, provide multiple reliable positioning support points for the material leakage adjustment plates 52. By selecting different hole positions to insert the limiting pins, the tilt angle and relative position of the two material leakage adjustment plates 52 can be precisely fixed, thereby adjusting the size of the material leakage gap formed at their bottoms, ultimately controlling the outflow of straw fragments and the spreading density. The roller shaft 121 is coaxially fixedly connected to the spiked roller 12, forming a key transmission link from the power source to the actuator. The other end of the roller shaft 121 is connected to the power distribution assembly 42, efficiently and reliably transmitting power to the spiked roller 12, ensuring it receives the required torque and speed to complete its core function of penetrating the stubble and rotating it out. Similarly, one end of the conveyor belt shaft 131 is securely locked to the power input shaft of the conveyor belt assembly 13, and the other end is also connected to the power distribution assembly 42. To ensure a continuous and stable power input, the conveyor belt assembly 13 must be able to continuously and evenly transport the straw and stubble fed in by the spiked roller 12 to the release box 51. Therefore, the setup in this example makes the release box 51 not just a simple container, but a key module integrating material regulation and power transmission functions. It is a crucial guarantee for achieving quantitative and targeted straw covering.

[0053] like Figure 8 As shown, in some examples, both seeding mechanisms 60 further include: a seed metering wheel 61, a seed bin 62, a fixing frame 64, and a seed covering wheel 65. The seed metering wheel 61 is rotatably mounted at both ends of the rear side of the frame and corresponds to the position in the furrow. The seed bin 62 is mounted above the seed metering wheel 61 and is connected to the input port in the middle of the seed metering wheel 61 through a seed tube 63. The fixing frame 64 is fixed to the rear end of the frame, and the side wall of the seed bin 62 is fixedly connected to the fixing frame 64. The seed covering wheel 65 is rotatably mounted on the rear side of the seed metering wheel 61.

[0054] In this example, the sowing mechanism 60 mainly consists of a seed metering wheel 61, a seed bin 62, a fixing frame 64, and a seed covering wheel 65, forming a precision sowing system. The seed metering wheel 61, as the core seed metering component, is unique in that it is directly positioned at a specific location within the furrow covered by straw. This allows seeds to be accurately sown at the interface between the straw cover layer and the moist soil, fully utilizing the moisture-retaining effect of the straw and the soil's water supply capacity. The seed bin 62 is connected to the input port in the middle of the seed metering wheel 61 via a flexible seed tube 63, forming a continuous seed supply channel. This central feeding method ensures more uniform and stable seed flow, reduces clogging, and improves sowing uniformity. The fixing frame 64 serves as the supporting foundation for the entire sowing mechanism 60. Its rigid connection design ensures the stability of the sowing position under complex field conditions, preventing sowing position deviation caused by vibration during operation and ensuring that each seed accurately falls into the preset position. The seed covering wheel 65 is located behind the seed metering wheel 61, and its main function is to perform light pressing and covering with soil immediately after sowing. By rationally configuring the pressure and angle of the covering wheel, it is possible to ensure full contact between the seeds and the soil without damaging the existing straw cover layer, thus creating optimal conditions for seed germination. Therefore, the entire sowing mechanism 60, through the cooperation of its various components, achieves the completion of multiple processes such as furrowing, sowing, and covering in one go, which not only improves work efficiency but, more importantly, ensures sowing quality and provides excellent starting conditions for crop growth.

[0055] like Figure 11 As shown, in some examples, the separation assembly 16 further includes: a separation plate 161, a slider 162, a drive column 163, and multiple limiting grooves 164. The separation plate 161 is movable towards or away from the spike roller 12 and is disposed between the spike roller 12 and the conveyor belt assembly 13. The section of the separation plate 161 near the spike roller 12 is in an upward inclined state. The slider 162 is fixedly disposed at both ends of the separation plate 161 and is slidably engaged with the inner walls on both sides of the inner cavity of the conveyor box 11. The drive column 163 is fixedly disposed on the outer wall of the slider 162 and is movable through the conveyor box 11 and extends to the inner side of the power distribution assembly 42. Multiple limiting grooves 164 are vertically opened on the separation plate 161, and the limiting grooves 164 correspond to the positions of the spikes located in the same vertical plane on the spike roller 12.

[0056] In this example, the separation component 16 is the structure that ensures the continuous operation of the conveying mechanism 10. It consists of a separation plate 161, a slider 162, a drive column 163, and a limiting groove 164. The separation plate 161 is designed as a dynamic, periodically moving component, and its upward-sloping front end can effectively intervene in the material flow process between the spiked roller 12 and the conveyor belt assembly 13. Through periodic back-and-forth movement, it promptly clears the straw and weeds wrapped around the spiked roller 12. The slider 162, as the motion guide mechanism of the separation plate 161, is fixed on both sides of the separation plate 161 and cooperates with the guide rail on the inner wall of the conveyor box 11 to ensure that the separation plate 161 always maintains a stable linear motion trajectory, avoiding shaking or jamming during high-speed operation. The drive column 163 is the main transmission component connecting the power distribution assembly 42 and the separation plate 161. The extension of the separation assembly 16 into the power distribution component 42 allows it to convert the rotational motion generated by the power distribution component 42 into the linear motion required by the separating plate 161. A set of elastic application components can also be installed between the separating plate 161 and the power distribution component 42. Thus, when the power distribution component 42 drives the separating plate 161 away from the spiked roller 12, the elastic application components enable the separating plate 161 to reset and achieve continuous, periodic linear reciprocating motion, realizing automated unblocking. The vertically opened slots of the limiting groove 164 correspond to the positions of the spikes on the spiked roller 12, forming an interlocking relationship. This ensures that the separating plate 161 can approach the surface of the spiked roller 12 to the maximum extent to improve the cleaning effect, while avoiding interference with the rotating spikes, ensuring safe operation of the equipment. Therefore, the entire separating assembly 16 effectively solves the common problems of straw entanglement and blockage under high-load operating conditions, significantly improving the reliability and efficiency of the equipment, and is an important guarantee for achieving continuous and stable operation.

[0057] like Figure 13As shown, in some examples, further, the drive mechanism 40 includes a dual-axis output geared motor 41, one output shaft of which is connected to the transmission assembly 43, and the other output shaft is connected to the power distribution assembly 42. The power distribution assembly 42 includes: a power distribution box 421, a main shaft 422, two helical gears 423, at least one drive arcuate protrusion 424, a worm gear 425, and a worm wheel 426; the power distribution box 421 is sleeved on the outside of the output shaft on one side of the geared motor 41; the main shaft 422 is locked to the output shaft of the geared motor 41 by a coupling; both helical gears 423 are... Located in the power distribution box 421, one of the gears is sleeved on the end of the conveyor belt shaft 131, and the other is sleeved on the shaft body of the side of the main shaft 422. The two helical gears 423 are meshed with each other. At least one drive arc-shaped protrusion 424 is fixedly arranged in a spiral state on the middle outer wall of the main shaft 422, which is used to periodically drive the separation plate 161 to move away from the spike roller 12 by contacting the drive column 163. The worm 425 is coaxially arranged with the main shaft 422 and located on the other side of the main shaft 422. The worm wheel 426 is sleeved on the outer side of the end outer wall of the roller shaft 121, and the worm wheel 426 is meshed with the worm 425.

[0058] In this example, the drive mechanism 40 uses a dual-axis output geared motor 41 as its power source. Its advantage lies in its ability to simultaneously provide power output to multiple working components, ensuring the coordination and synchronization of the overall power distribution. This allows for synchronized operation of the adjustable spike roller 12, conveyor belt assembly 13, separating plate 161, and the crushing blade 54 and conveying rod 53, all operating at the same transmission ratio. Specifically, the power distribution box 421, as a closed transmission cavity, provides a stable working environment for the internal gears. The main shaft 422 is directly connected to the output shaft of the geared motor 41 via a coupling, becoming the primary transmission shaft for power distribution. Two meshing helical gears 423 form a power branch structure, transmitting power to the conveyor belt shaft 131, ensuring that the conveyor belt assembly 13 receives power input. The drive arc-shaped protrusion 424 on the main shaft 422 is an innovative structure for achieving automated unblocking. The spirally distributed protrusions periodically contact the drive column 163 during rotation, converting the rotational motion into the linear reciprocating motion required by the separating plate 161 through a mechanical structure, thus achieving the automatic cleaning function of the spiked roller 12. The worm gear 425 and worm wheel 426 form another important reduction transmission mechanism. Their unique high reduction ratio and self-locking characteristics ensure that the spiked roller 12 can obtain a large torque output and a low speed, corresponding to the working condition where the spiked roller 12 requires a huge digging force to overcome the resistance of the stubble soil. At the same time, the irreversible characteristic of the worm gear transmission also prevents the spiked roller 12 from reversing due to external impact during operation, improving the safety and stability of the equipment. Therefore, the entire drive mechanism 40 rationally distributes a single power source to multiple functional units such as conveying and cleaning, not only ensuring that each actuator operates at its optimal parameter state, but also solving the long-standing problem of straw entanglement in agricultural machinery operations through mechanical automation, significantly improving the reliability and operating efficiency of the equipment.

[0059] In some examples, the transmission ratio between the worm gear 425 and the worm wheel 426 is 1:N, where N is the number of spikes at corresponding positions within each limiting groove 164. There are two driving arc-shaped protrusions 424, and all of them can be rotated around the main shaft 422 for adjustment and locking. This is to achieve more targeted removal of stubble carried on the spikes. The 1:N ratio ensures that the main shaft 422 rotates from one spike position to the next for each revolution. During this specific rotation of the worm wheel shaft, the driving arc-shaped protrusions 424 are also simultaneously installed on the main shaft 422, thus enabling the removal of stubble carried on the spikes. During the position change of the rotating spike, the protrusion 424 can perform at least one root removal action, removing the root on the spike and conveying it to the conveyor belt assembly 13 for subsequent processing. It should be noted that, due to the screw-in angle, the removal action cannot be guaranteed to be completed in one go, because the insertion angle of the root may be deviated. A one-time removal action cannot guarantee that the root will detach from the spike. To avoid this situation, two drive arc-shaped protrusions 424 can optionally be provided on the outer wall of the main shaft 422. In this way, during each rotation of the main shaft 422, two root removal actions can be performed for each spike position change action.

[0060] Furthermore, all the drive arc-shaped protrusions 424 can be rotated, adjusted, and locked around the main shaft 422. This is to adjust the position of the removal action relative to the rotation of the spike. Because corn is planted on some special sloping terrains or in windy conditions, the actual growth of corn stalks is not perpendicular to the ground. This results in the shape of the root stubble embedded in the spike being variable. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the removal position. For example, when the spike rotates 10°, the drive arc-shaped protrusions 424 can drive the separation component 16 to perform the removal action, or when the spike rotates 30°, the drive arc-shaped protrusions 424 can... The moving separation component 16 performs the pulling action. Therefore, the setting that all the driving arc protrusions 424 can be rotated, adjusted and locked around the main shaft 422 allows for more flexible adjustment of the angle of the pulling action relative to the screw insertion, to cope with more varied actual conditions, and to flexibly adjust the harvesting performance of the machine on the stubble. By scientifically adjusting the position of the driving arc protrusions 424 rotating around the main shaft 422, the wear on the screw can also be effectively reduced, and the pulling action is made to occur in the direction of the screw movement parallel to the moving direction of the separation component 16, thereby reducing the maintenance cycle and cost of the equipment.

[0061] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A ridge-film side-leaving straw mulching and sowing fertilizer application machine, comprising a machine frame and a traction mechanism (20) disposed on the front side of the frame, characterized in that, Also includes: The conveying mechanism (10) is located on the frame and is set behind the traction mechanism (20) for collecting straw on the ground and stubble partially buried in the soil within the coverage area of ​​the machine. The fertilizer application mechanism (30) is mounted on the frame behind the conveying mechanism (10); Rotary tillage mechanism (90) is located on the lower side of the fertilization mechanism (30) and is used to rotary till the soil that the machine passes through. Multiple fertilizer release ends of the fertilization mechanism (30) are located in the rotary tillage mechanism (90) and are used to release fertilizer into the soil in a flying state. Two furrow release mechanisms (50) are respectively set on both sides of the traveling direction of the frame, and are used to crush and release the straw and stubble conveyed by the conveying mechanism (10) into the furrows; A drive mechanism (40) is provided on the front side of the furrow release mechanism (50). The drive mechanism (40) includes a power distribution component (42) and a transmission component (43). The transmission component (43) is connected to the crushing and releasing components in the furrow release mechanism (50) to provide power for crushing and conveying straw and stubble. The power distribution component (42) is connected to the conveying mechanism (10) to provide power to the conveying mechanism (10). The sowing mechanism (60) is located behind the furrow release mechanism (50), and the sowing position of the sowing mechanism (60) can be adjusted to be between the straw and stubble released in the furrow and the ridge slope.

2. The ridge-film side-leaving straw mulching and sowing fertilization machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying mechanism (10) includes: The conveyor box (11) is fixedly fastened to the frame, and the front side of the conveyor box (11) is open. The spiked roller (12), which rotates in the opposite direction to the rotation of the wheels on the frame, is used to pierce into the stubble during travel and drive it out of the soil. The conveyor belt assembly (13) is located on the rear side of the spiked roller (12) and is used to continue conveying the straw stubble that has entered the machine toward the furrow release mechanism (50); An arc-shaped guide cover (14) is fixedly disposed in the inner cavity of the conveying box (11), and the arc-shaped guide cover (14) has an arc-shaped guide surface facing the two furrow release mechanisms (50); The discharge hood (15) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the conveyor box (11) and matches the guiding direction of the arc-shaped guide hood (14); The separation component (16) is movably disposed between the spiked roller (12) and the conveyor belt assembly (13).

3. The ridge-film side-leaving straw mulching sowing and fertilization machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the furrow release mechanisms (50) includes: The release box (51) is fixedly installed on both sides of the frame, and the bottom of the release box (51) is in an open state; Both material leakage adjustment plates (52) are movably disposed in the inner cavity of the release box (51), and the material leakage gap between the bottom ends of the two material leakage adjustment plates (52) is adjustable. The conveying rod (53) is provided with a spiral conveying plate. The conveying rod (53) is used to convey the straw and stubble into the release box (51) in parallel along the length of the material leakage gap. The crushing blade (54) is coaxially arranged on the outside of the conveying rod (53) and corresponds to the end position of the discharge hood (15); The material leakage guide plate (55) is located on the outer side of the material leakage adjustment plate (52) in the horizontal direction, and can be slidably set perpendicular to the direction of machine travel by the adjustment slider (56) set thereon.

4. The ridge-film side-leaving straw mulching sowing and fertilizing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The release box (51) also includes: Multiple adjustment holes (511) are provided on the side wall of the release box (51). The adjustment holes (511) are used to insert limit pins to support and fix the position of the material leakage adjustment plate (52). A roller shaft (121) is fixedly connected to the spiked roller (12) in a coaxial state, and the other end of the roller shaft (121) is connected to the power distribution assembly (42) in a driving connection. The conveyor belt shaft (131) is locked and connected to the power input shaft of the conveyor belt assembly (13), and the other end of the conveyor belt shaft (131) is connected to the power distribution assembly (42).

5. The ridge-film side-leaving straw mulching sowing and fertilization machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: Both of the seeding mechanisms (60) include: The seeding wheel (61) is rotatably mounted at both ends of the rear side of the frame and corresponds to the position in the furrow; The seed bin (62) is located above the seed metering wheel (61) and is connected to the input port in the middle of the seed metering wheel (61) via the seed tube (63); A fixing frame (64) is fixed to the tail end of the frame, and the side wall of the seed bin (62) is fixedly connected to the fixing frame (64); The seed covering wheel (65) is rotatably disposed on the rear side of the seed metering wheel (61).

6. The ridge-film side-leaving straw mulching and sowing fertilization machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The separation component (16) includes: A separating plate (161) is disposed between the spiked roller (12) and the conveyor belt assembly (13) and is movable towards or away from the spiked roller (12). The section of the separating plate (161) near the spiked roller (12) is in an upward inclined state. The slider (162) is fixedly disposed at both ends of the separation plate (161) and is able to slide in a straight direction and is engaged with the inner walls on both sides of the inner cavity of the conveying box (11); The drive column (163) is fixedly disposed on the outer wall of the slider (162) and can move through the conveyor box (11) and extend to the inside of the power distribution assembly (42); Multiple limiting grooves (164) are vertically opened on the separation plate (161), and the limiting grooves (164) correspond to the positions of the spikes located in the same vertical plane on the spike roller (12).

7. The ridge-film side-leaving straw mulching sowing and fertilizing machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drive mechanism (40) includes a dual-axis output geared motor (41), one output shaft of which is connected to the transmission assembly (43), and the other output shaft is connected to the power distribution assembly (42). The power distribution assembly (42) includes: A power distribution box (421) is sleeved on the outside of the output shaft on one side of the geared motor (41); The main shaft (422) is locked to the output shaft of the geared motor (41) by a coupling; Two helical gears (423) are located in the power distribution box (421), one of which is sleeved on the end of the shaft of the conveyor belt shaft (131), and the other is sleeved on the shaft body of the side of the main shaft (422). The two helical gears (423) are meshed and connected to each other. At least one drive arc-shaped protrusion (424) is fixedly disposed in a spiral state on the middle outer wall of the main shaft (422) for periodically driving the separation plate (161) to move away from the spike roller (12) by contacting the drive column (163); The worm gear (425) is coaxially arranged with the main shaft (422) and located on the other side of the main shaft (422); A worm gear (426) is sleeved on the outer side of the end wall of the roller shaft (121), and the worm gear (426) is meshed with the worm (425).

8. The ridge-film side-leaving straw mulching and sowing fertilization machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The transmission ratio between the worm (425) and the worm wheel (426) is 1:N, where N is the number of spikes at corresponding positions in each limiting groove (164). There are two drive arc-shaped protrusions (424), and all of the drive arc-shaped protrusions (424) can be rotated, adjusted and locked around the main shaft (422).

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