Printer assembly and printer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of printing, in particular to a printer assembly and a printer. The printer assembly comprises an ink box and a carriage unit, the ink box comprises a first step surface, a second step surface and a first mounting groove, the first step surface and the second step surface are located at different horizontal heights, the first mounting groove is located in the second step surface, and a first magnetic part is arranged in the first mounting groove; the connecting line of the first edge of the first step surface and the first edge of the second step surface is an auxiliary line, and the first magnetic piece is not in contact with the auxiliary line. The carriage unit comprises a mounting seat, the mounting seat is used for bearing the ink box, a second mounting groove is formed in the mounting seat, a second magnetic part is arranged in the second mounting groove, and the first magnetic part and the second magnetic part attract each other. The first magnetic piece on the ink box and the second magnetic piece on the carriage unit attract each other, so that the ink box and the carriage unit are fixed, the size of the printer assembly can be effectively reduced, the hand feeling when the ink box and the carriage unit are installed can be improved, and the user experience is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of printing technology, in particular to a printer assembly and a printer. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the existing inkjet printer, the carriage as the core moving component undertakes the task of carrying and fixing the ink cartridge with the nozzle. During printing, the carriage moves back and forth along the horizontal direction under the action of the driving mechanism, while the printing medium is fed out along the vertical direction. Through the coordinated movement of the two, the nozzle can accurately eject ink at different positions of the printing medium, and finally form the required image.

[0003] However, the existing carriage usually needs to be equipped with a fixing mechanism to realize the detachable installation of the ink cartridge. The traditional fixing mechanism generally adopts the structure of setting buckles, latches and the like in the front-rear direction or the up-down direction of the ink cartridge. Although such design can reliably fix the ink cartridge, the mechanical components and operation space also need to occupy the valuable space inside the carriage and even the printer, limiting the potential of device miniaturization. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a printer assembly and a printer which are beneficial to reducing the size of the printer in view of at least one of the above technical problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a printer assembly, comprising:

[0006] an ink cartridge, comprising a first stepped surface, a second stepped surface and a first mounting slot, the first stepped surface and the second stepped surface are located at different horizontal heights, the first mounting slot is located in the second stepped surface, a first magnetic member is arranged in the first mounting slot, a first edge of the first stepped surface and a first edge of the second stepped surface form an auxiliary line, and the first magnetic member does not contact the auxiliary line;

[0007] a carriage, comprising a mounting seat for carrying the ink cartridge, a second mounting slot is arranged on the mounting seat, the position of the second mounting slot matches the position of the first mounting slot, a second magnetic member is arranged in the second mounting slot, and the first magnetic member and the second magnetic member attract each other.

[0008] In some embodiments, both ends of the first magnetic member are provided with a first stepped portion, both sides of the first mounting slot are provided with a boss matched with the first stepped portion, and when the first magnetic member is located in the first mounting slot, the boss abuts against the first stepped portion to prevent the first magnetic member from being separated from the first mounting slot.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first mounting slot is communicated with the edge of the ink cartridge to form a first opening, so as to facilitate the installation of the first magnetic member.

[0010] In some embodiments, a plurality of limiting members are provided at the first opening to prevent the first magnetic member from detaching from the first opening.

[0011] In some embodiments, the limiting member has a guide surface on the side near the first opening, and the guide surface is inclined to facilitate the installation of the first magnetic member from the first opening.

[0012] In some embodiments, the limiting member has a first limiting surface on the side away from the first opening, and the first limiting surface is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the first mounting groove.

[0013] In some embodiments, the second mounting groove is provided with a hollow portion, the position of which corresponds to the position of the first magnetic element, and the hollow portion is used to enhance the magnetic force between the first magnetic element and the second magnetic element.

[0014] In some embodiments, the ink cartridge is further provided with a positioning post, and the mounting base is provided with a corresponding positioning hole, wherein the positioning post and the positioning hole are matched.

[0015] In some embodiments, both the positioning post and the positioning hole are chamfered to facilitate positioning and engagement between them.

[0016] In a second aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a printer that includes the printer components provided in any embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: The printer assembly disclosed in this application includes an ink cartridge and a printhead carriage. The ink cartridge includes a first stepped surface, a second stepped surface, and a first mounting groove. The first stepped surface and the second stepped surface are located at different horizontal heights. The first mounting groove is located in the second stepped surface and is provided with a first magnetic element. The line connecting the first edge of the first stepped surface and the first edge of the second stepped surface is an auxiliary line, and the first magnetic element does not contact the auxiliary line. The printhead carriage includes a mounting base for supporting the ink cartridge. The mounting base is provided with a second mounting groove, the position of which matches the position of the first mounting groove. The second mounting groove is provided with a second magnetic element, and the first magnetic element and the second magnetic element attract each other. By attracting each other between the first magnetic element on the ink cartridge and the second magnetic element on the printhead carriage, the ink cartridge and the printhead carriage are fixed together. This not only effectively reduces the size of the printer assembly but also improves the feel of installing the ink cartridge and the printhead carriage, enhancing the user experience. Furthermore, the design that the first magnetic element does not contact the auxiliary line effectively protects it from damage caused by drops. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 These are schematic diagrams of the printer components in some embodiments;

[0019] Figure 2 These are schematic diagrams of the ink cartridge structure in some embodiments;

[0020] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the ink cartridge and printhead carriage in some embodiments;

[0021] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of an ink cartridge in some embodiments;

[0022] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of a Chinese-style vehicle in some embodiments.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 100, ink cartridge; 101, first stepped surface; 102, second stepped surface; 103, auxiliary line; 110, first mounting groove; 111, boss; 112, first opening; 113, limiting component; 114, guide surface; 115, first limiting surface; 116, second limiting surface; 120, first magnetic component; 121, first stepped portion; 130, positioning post; 200, letter carrier; 210, mounting base; 211, second mounting groove; 212, second magnetic component; 213, hollowed-out portion; 214, positioning hole; 220, gear. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the technical solutions and advantages of this disclosure clearer, the embodiments and related technical content of this disclosure will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and text description. It should be understood that the embodiments described below are only used to explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure and are not intended to limit more possible implementations of this disclosure.

[0025] It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" appearing in this document are used only to distinguish things, states, or actions, and do not necessarily indicate or imply relative importance or order. The terms "including," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are used to indicate non-exclusive inclusion, and the included objects may not be limited to those listed in this document. The terms "multiple" or other variations are used to indicate that the number of objects is two or more.

[0026] In the first aspect, such as Figures 1 to 5As shown, the printer assembly provided in the embodiments of this disclosure may include an ink cartridge 100 and a printhead carriage 200. The ink cartridge 100 may include a first stepped surface 101, a second stepped surface 102, and a first mounting groove 110. The first stepped surface 101 and the second stepped surface 102 are located at different horizontal heights. The first mounting groove 110 is located in the second stepped surface 102 and is provided with a first magnetic element 120. The line connecting the first edge of the first stepped surface 101 and the first edge of the second stepped surface 102 is an auxiliary line 103, and the first magnetic element does not contact the auxiliary line 103. The printhead carriage 200 may include a mounting base 210 for supporting the ink cartridge 100. The mounting base 210 is provided with a second mounting groove 211, the position of which matches the position of the first mounting groove 110. The second mounting groove 211 is provided with a second magnetic element 212. The first magnetic element 120 and the second magnetic element 212 attract each other to fix the ink cartridge 100 to the printhead carriage 200.

[0027] The ink cartridge 100 is a component for storing printing ink, and its shape and size vary depending on the printer model and design. The first mounting slot 110 is a recessed structure on the ink cartridge 100 for placing the first magnetic component 120. Exemplarily, the first magnetic component 120 can be a permanent magnet, such as neodymium iron or boron magnet, capable of generating a stable magnetic field. The printhead carriage 200 is a component in the printer that drives the ink cartridge 100 to perform the printing action, and can reciprocate along a preset trajectory. The mounting base 210 is the part on the printhead carriage 200 used to place and fix the ink cartridge 100, and its structure is adapted to the ink cartridge 100. The second mounting slot 211 is a recess on the mounting base 210 corresponding to the position of the first mounting slot 110, for placing the second magnetic component 212. Exemplarily, the second magnetic component 212 can also be a permanent magnet, and its magnetism is opposite to that of the first magnetic component 120, so that the two attract each other. Optionally, one of the first magnetic element 120 and the second magnetic element 212 can be a permanent magnet, while the other can be a material that can be attracted by a permanent magnet, such as iron, nickel, cobalt, etc.

[0028] In some specific implementation methods, such as Figure 2As shown, the ink cartridge 100 is generally stepped, including a first stepped surface 101 and a second stepped surface 102. The first stepped surface 101 and the second stepped surface 102 are at different horizontal heights and can be parallel. The edge of the first stepped surface 101 closest to the second stepped surface 102 is the first edge of the first stepped surface 101, and the edge of the second stepped surface 102 furthest from the first stepped surface 101 is the first edge of the second stepped surface 102. The auxiliary line 103 is the line connecting the first edge of the first stepped surface 101 and the first edge of the second stepped surface 102. The design that the first magnetic component 120 does not contact the auxiliary line 103 effectively prevents the first magnetic component 120 from contacting the ground when the ink cartridge 100 falls, thus effectively protecting the first magnetic component 120 from fall damage.

[0029] The printer assembly provided in this application securely mounts the ink cartridge 100 onto the mounting base 210 of the printhead carriage 200 by providing mutually matching first mounting slots 110 and second mounting slots 211 on the mounting bases 210 of the ink cartridge 100 and the printhead carriage 200, respectively. First magnetic elements 120 and second magnetic elements 212 attract each other within these slots. This magnetic adsorption method eliminates the need for complex mechanical clips or screws, simplifying the printer assembly's structural design and effectively reducing its size. Furthermore, installing and replacing the ink cartridge 100 is more convenient; users can simply place or remove the cartridge, reducing operational steps, improving the user experience, and enhancing the handling.

[0030] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the first magnetic component 120 has a first step portion 121 at both ends, and the first mounting groove 110 has a boss 111 on both sides that matches the first step portion 121. When the first magnetic component 120 is located in the first mounting groove 110, the boss 111 abuts against the first step portion 121 to prevent the first magnetic component 120 from detaching from the first mounting groove 110.

[0031] The first step portion 121 refers to the stepped structure provided at both ends of the first magnetic component 120. The bosses 111 are protruding structures provided on both sides of the first mounting groove 110, whose shape and size are adapted to the first step portion 121 and can cooperate with it. When the first magnetic component 120 is installed into the first mounting groove 110, the bosses 111 on both sides of the first mounting groove 110 will abut against the first step portions 121 at both ends of the first magnetic component 120, forming a locking and limiting structure. This structure can effectively restrict the first magnetic component 120 from moving along the inner edge of the first mounting groove 110. Figure 4The displacements in the Y and Z axes are shown. Especially during printer operation, vibrations or external impacts prevent the first magnetic component 120 from falling out of the first mounting slot 110, ensuring normal attraction between the first magnetic component 120 and the second magnetic component 212, thereby ensuring the stability of the connection between the ink cartridge 100 and the printhead carriage 200. Simultaneously, the distance between the protrusions 111 on both sides of the first mounting slot 110 matches the length of the first magnetic component 120, allowing the protrusions 111 to function as... Figure 4 The X-axis direction shown provides guidance, facilitating the easy installation of the first magnetic component 120.

[0032] The engagement between the first step 121 and the boss 111 provides a reliable fixation for the first magnetic component 120, preventing the ink cartridge 100 from failing to connect with the printhead carriage 200 due to the first magnetic component 120 detaching, thus improving the reliability and stability of the printer assembly. Secondly, this fixing method has a simple structure, requiring no additional fasteners such as screws, which reduces production costs and facilitates the installation and replacement of the first magnetic component 120.

[0033] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the first mounting groove 110 is connected to the edge of the ink cartridge 100 to form a first opening 112, so as to facilitate the installation of the first magnetic component 120.

[0034] The first opening 112 refers to the channel formed by the connection between the first mounting groove 110 and the edge of the ink cartridge 100. Its size and shape meet the installation requirements of the first magnetic component 120. The function of the first opening 112 is to facilitate the installation of the first magnetic component 120. This design makes the installation process of the first magnetic component 120 simpler and more efficient, thus improving installation efficiency. At the same time, the position of the first opening 112 is located on the edge of the ink cartridge 100, which will not affect the overall structure and function of the ink cartridge 100, nor will it adversely affect the connection between the ink cartridge 100 and the printhead carriage 200.

[0035] The first opening 112 provides a convenient channel for the installation of the first magnetic component 120, making the installation process simpler and easier, reducing installation difficulty. Secondly, the simplified installation process can improve production efficiency, thereby reducing production costs. In addition, it also facilitates later maintenance work.

[0036] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, a plurality of limiting members 113 are provided at the first opening 112. The limiting members 113 are used to prevent the first magnetic member 120 from detaching from the first opening 112.

[0037] The limiting member 113 refers to a plurality of protruding structures disposed at the first opening 112, which may be in the shape of a small protrusion. These limiting members 113 are distributed at the edge or inside of the first opening 112 and can block the first magnetic member 120. When the first magnetic member 120 is installed into the first mounting groove 110 through the first opening 112, the limiting members 113 restrict the first magnetic member 120 from moving towards the first opening 112, thereby preventing the first magnetic member 120 from detaching from the first opening 112. The number and position of the limiting members 113 can be set according to the size and shape of the first magnetic member 120 to ensure their limiting effect.

[0038] The limiting component 113 effectively solves the problem that the first magnetic component 120 may fall off due to the first opening 112, further enhancing the fixing effect of the first magnetic component 120 in the first mounting groove 110, and ensuring the stability and reliability of the printer assembly operation.

[0039] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the limiting member 113 has a guide surface 114 on the side near the first opening 112. The guide surface 114 is inclined so that the first magnetic member 120 can be installed from the first opening 112.

[0040] The guide surface 114 refers to the inclined surface of the limiting member 113 near the first opening 112. The inclination angle of the guide surface 114 can be designed according to the actual situation. Generally, a moderate inclination angle can guide the first magnetic member 120 smoothly into the first mounting groove 110. When installing the first magnetic member 120, the first magnetic member 120 will first contact the guide surface 114. Under the guidance of the guide surface 114, the first magnetic member 120 can slide into the first mounting groove 110 along the inclination direction of the guide surface 114, without the need for precise alignment with the first opening 112, thus reducing the alignment difficulty during installation.

[0041] The guide surface 114 improves the ease of installation of the first magnetic component 120, making the installation process more time-saving and labor-saving. The ease of installation also makes it easier to replace the first magnetic component 120 later, reducing maintenance costs. At the same time, the design of the guide surface 114 does not affect the limiting effect of the limiting component 113, ensuring the stability of the first magnetic component 120 within the first mounting groove 110.

[0042] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the limiting member 113 has a first limiting surface 115 on the side away from the first opening 112, and the first limiting surface 115 is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the first mounting groove 110.

[0043] The first limiting surface 115 refers to the plane on the side of the limiting member 113 away from the first opening 112, which is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the first mounting groove 110. This perpendicular structure allows the first limiting surface 115 to form surface contact with the side of the first magnetic member 120, thereby effectively blocking the first magnetic member 120. When the first magnetic member 120 tends to move towards the first opening 112, the first limiting surface 115 will abut against the first magnetic member 120, using a vertical force to prevent the first magnetic member 120 from moving and detaching from the first opening 112. The first limiting surface 115 has high flatness and perpendicularity to ensure good contact and reliable limiting with the first magnetic member 120.

[0044] The design of the first limiting surface 115 being perpendicular to the bottom surface of the first mounting groove 110 allows the first limiting surface 115 to apply a vertical blocking force to the first magnetic component 120. Compared to limiting structures at other angles, this vertical structure provides a more reliable limiting effect and can more effectively prevent the first magnetic component 120 from detaching from the first opening 112. Secondly, the surface contact method increases the contact area between the limiting component 113 and the first magnetic component 120, effectively preventing the first magnetic component 120 from shaking.

[0045] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the sidewall of the first mounting groove 110 away from the limiting member 113 is the second limiting surface 116. The second limiting surface 116 and the first limiting surface 115 can be arranged parallel to each other at intervals. The space between the second limiting surface 116 and the first limiting surface 115 matches the first magnetic member 120. When the first magnetic member 120 is installed in the first mounting groove 110, the second limiting surface 116 and the first limiting surface 115 respectively form an interference fit with the first magnetic member 120 from both sides of the first magnetic member 120 to prevent the first magnetic member 120 from generating a pressure-sensitive fit in the first mounting groove 110. Figure 4 The displacement along the X-axis is shown.

[0046] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the second mounting groove 211 is provided with a hollow part 213. The position of the hollow part 213 corresponds to the position of the first magnetic component 120. The hollow part 213 is used to enhance the magnetic force between the first magnetic component 120 and the second magnetic component 212.

[0047] The cutout portion 213 refers to the hollow structure provided in the second mounting groove 211, which can be one or more holes. Its position corresponds to the position of the first magnetic component 120, that is, when the ink cartridge 100 is installed on the mounting base 210, the cutout portion 213 faces the first magnetic component 120. The setting of the cutout portion 213 reduces the material thickness at the bottom of the second mounting groove 211, and even allows the second magnetic component 212 to be partially exposed in the cutout portion 213. This reduces the barrier material between the first magnetic component 120 and the second magnetic component 212 when they attract each other, reduces the attenuation of the magnetic field, and thus enhances the magnetic force between them. The size and shape of the cutout portion 213 can be designed according to the size and shape of the first magnetic component 120 and the second magnetic component 212 to achieve the best magnetic force enhancement effect.

[0048] The hollowed-out part 213 can effectively enhance the magnetic force between the first magnetic component 120 and the second magnetic component 212, making the adsorption force between the ink cartridge 100 and the print head 200 stronger and the connection more stable. Even when the printer is working at high speed and generates large vibrations, it can effectively ensure that the ink cartridge 100 will not fall off the print head 200, thus improving the reliability of the printer.

[0049] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 and Figure 4 As shown, the ink cartridge 100 is also provided with a positioning post 130, and the mounting base 210 is provided with a corresponding positioning hole 214, and the positioning post 130 matches the positioning hole 214.

[0050] The positioning post 130 is a columnar protrusion on the ink cartridge 100, and its shape can be cylindrical, prismatic, etc. The positioning hole 214 is a hole on the mounting base 210 corresponding to the position of the positioning post 130. Its shape and size are adapted to accommodate the insertion of the positioning post 130. When installing the ink cartridge 100, aligning the positioning post 130 on the ink cartridge 100 with the positioning hole 214 on the mounting base 210 and inserting it achieves initial positioning of the ink cartridge 100 on the mounting base 210. The number of positioning posts 130 and positioning holes 214 can be set as needed, generally at least two, to ensure positioning accuracy. Through the cooperation of the positioning post 130 and the positioning hole 214, the precise position of the ink cartridge 100 on the mounting base 210 is ensured, allowing the first mounting groove 110 and the second mounting groove 211 to be accurately aligned, thereby ensuring the accurate alignment of the first magnetic component 120 and the second magnetic component 212, and ensuring effective attraction between them.

[0051] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, both the positioning post 130 and the positioning hole 214 are chamfered so that the positioning post 130 and the positioning hole 214 can be positioned and engaged.

[0052] A chamfer refers to an inclined surface or rounded corner structure provided at the end of the positioning post 130 and the entrance of the positioning hole 214. The chamfer on the positioning post 130 can be located at the edge of its insertion end, while the chamfer on the positioning hole 214 is located at the edge of its entrance. The angle and size of the chamfer can be designed according to actual conditions; optionally, the chamfer angle is moderate, providing good guidance. When installing the ink cartridge 100, the chamfer of the positioning post 130 and the chamfer of the positioning hole 214 come into contact with each other. Under the guidance of both, the positioning post 130 can be more easily aligned with the positioning hole 214 and inserted smoothly. Even if there is a certain positional deviation between the positioning post 130 and the positioning hole 214, it can be corrected by the guidance of the chamfer. This design reduces the difficulty of aligning the positioning post 130 with the positioning hole 214, making the installation process smoother.

[0053] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the print head 200 also includes a gear 220, which can be integrally formed with the mounting base 210. The gear 220 is used to mesh with an external drive device so that the external drive device can drive the print head 200 to move the ink cartridge 100.

[0054] In a second aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a printer (not shown in the figures) that includes the printer components described above.

[0055] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 1 Figures 1 to 5 The structure shown is merely a schematic diagram of a portion of the structure related to the solution of this application, and does not necessarily constitute a limitation on the product form to which the technical solution of this application is applied. Specific printer component products may include some components with more or fewer parts than the structure shown in the figure, or may have a structure that is not exactly the same.

[0056] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this disclosure.

[0057] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of this disclosure, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this disclosure. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this disclosure, and these all fall within the scope of protection of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of this disclosure should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A printer assembly, characterized in that, include: The ink cartridge includes a first stepped surface, a second stepped surface, and a first mounting groove. The first stepped surface and the second stepped surface are located at different horizontal heights. The first mounting groove is located in the second stepped surface. A first magnetic element is provided in the first mounting groove. The line connecting the first edge of the first stepped surface and the first edge of the second stepped surface is an auxiliary line. The first magnetic element does not contact the auxiliary line. The printing carriage includes a mounting base for supporting the ink cartridge. The mounting base has a second mounting groove, the position of which matches the position of the first mounting groove. The second mounting groove has a second magnetic element, and the first magnetic element and the second magnetic element attract each other to fix the ink cartridge to the printing carriage.

2. The printer assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first magnetic component has a first step portion at both ends, and the first mounting groove has a boss on both sides that matches the first step portion. When the first magnetic component is located in the first mounting groove, the boss abuts against the first step portion to prevent the first magnetic component from detaching from the first mounting groove.

3. The printer assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first mounting groove is connected to the edge of the ink cartridge to form a first opening, so as to facilitate the installation of the first magnetic component.

4. The printer assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first opening is provided with a plurality of limiting members, which are used to prevent the first magnetic member from detaching from the first opening.

5. The printer assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that, The limiting member has a guide surface on the side near the first opening, and the guide surface is inclined to facilitate the installation of the first magnetic member from the first opening.

6. The printer assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that, The limiting member has a first limiting surface on the side away from the first opening, and the first limiting surface is perpendicular to the bottom surface of the first mounting groove.

7. The printer assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second mounting groove has a hollowed-out portion, the position of which corresponds to the position of the first magnetic component. The hollowed-out portion is used to enhance the magnetic force between the first magnetic component and the second magnetic component.

8. The printer assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ink cartridge is also provided with a positioning post, and the mounting base is provided with a corresponding positioning hole, wherein the positioning post matches the positioning hole.

9. The printer assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that, Both the positioning post and the positioning hole are chamfered to facilitate positioning and engagement between them.

10. A printer, characterized in that, Includes the printer component as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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