Wireless sensor and train fault monitoring system

Abstract

The invention discloses a wireless sensor and a train fault monitoring system, which are applied to the technical field of rail transit, and comprise a sensitive part arranged at a first position for signal detection; the processing part is arranged at the second position for signal output and comprises a power supply circuit; a conversion circuit; a control circuit which switches to a dormant state when the switching rule is established and controls the power supply circuit to disconnect the power supply to the sensitive part, the conversion circuit and the wireless communication circuit; the vibration awakening circuit is connected with the control circuit and used for awakening the control circuit when the vibration amplitude of the vibration awakening circuit reaches a threshold value; and the wireless communication circuit is connected with the control circuit. According to the scheme, installation of the wireless sensor is facilitated, the number of cables is reduced, and long-time engineering application of the wireless sensor can be achieved through setting of the wake-up mechanism.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of rail transit technology, in particular to a wireless sensor and a train fault monitoring system. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous improvement of the intelligent requirements of urban rail vehicles, the intelligent monitoring equipment configured by the train is becoming more and more complete, and the running part monitoring system has gradually become a necessary configuration. However, the space available for equipment installation on the bogie and the car body is increasingly limited, so there is a strong need for sensors that are simple in structure and easy to install.

[0003] At present, in the running part fault diagnosis system of the metro, city rail vehicle and the like, it mainly consists of a vehicle-mounted diagnostic instrument or a host computer (1 per car), a front-end processor (2-4 per car), and a sensor (8-16 per car). The sensor realizes power and signal transmission through cable wiring, so that only vibration, impact and temperature sensitive circuits are inside the sensor, which is simple in structure and small in size. However, since each sensor needs to be connected with the front-end processor through a cable to realize signal transmission, a large number of cables are needed between the sensor and the front-end processor in the current scheme, which leads to a long construction period and great difficulty. In the case of new urban rail vehicle production and installation, the construction period and difficulty can be accepted, but in the case of modification of existing vehicles (without running part monitoring system), the vehicle cannot be disassembled and the modification period is short, so it is difficult to quickly realize cable wiring and sensor installation, making it difficult to implement the scheme.

[0004] In summary, how to conveniently realize the installation of the sensor and reduce the number of cables is a technical problem that needs to be solved by the technical personnel in the field at present. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a wireless sensor and a train fault monitoring system to conveniently realize the installation of the sensor and reduce the number of cables.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical scheme:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a wireless sensor, comprising:

[0008] a sensitive part arranged at a first position and used for signal detection at the first position;

[0009] a processing part arranged at a second position and connected with the sensitive part, and used for signal output, and the processing part comprises:

[0010] A control terminal is connected to a control circuit, and a power supply circuit supplies power to the processing unit and the sensing unit when the control circuit is in an awake state;

[0011] A conversion circuit is connected to the sensing unit and the control circuit respectively, receives a detection signal from the sensing unit, and sends the detection signal to the control circuit after conversion;

[0012] The control circuit is used to switch to a sleep state when a switching rule is met, and control the power supply circuit to stop supplying power to the sensing unit, the conversion circuit, and the wireless communication circuit;

[0013] A vibration wake-up circuit is connected to the control circuit, and is used to wake up the control circuit when the vibration amplitude of the vibration wake-up circuit reaches a threshold value;

[0014] A wireless communication circuit is connected to the control circuit, and is used to output an output signal of the control circuit.

[0015] In an embodiment, the sensing unit includes:

[0016] A first detection head is used for vibration impact detection at the first position;

[0017] A charge amplification circuit is connected to the first detection head, and is used to convert a charge signal output by the first detection head into a voltage signal and amplify the voltage signal;

[0018] A differential amplification circuit is connected to the charge amplification circuit, and is used to differentially amplify a voltage signal output by the charge amplification circuit and output the differentially amplified voltage signal to the conversion circuit.

[0019] In an embodiment, the conversion circuit includes:

[0020] A differential conversion circuit is connected to the differential amplification circuit, and is used to convert a voltage level of a signal output by the differential amplification circuit;

[0021] A first analog-to-digital conversion circuit is connected to the differential conversion circuit, and is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on a signal output by the differential conversion circuit and output the analog-to-digital converted signal to the control circuit.

[0022] In an embodiment, the sensing unit further includes:

[0023] A second detection head is used for temperature detection at the first position, and outputs a detected temperature signal to the conversion circuit;

[0024] The conversion circuit further includes:

[0025] A second analog-to-digital conversion circuit connected with the second detection head, configured to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the temperature signal output by the second detection head and output to the control circuit.

[0026] In an embodiment, the wireless sensor further comprises a processing part outer shell and a sensing part outer shell.

[0027] The processing part is installed in the processing part outer shell, and the sensing part is installed in the sensing part outer shell.

[0028] A battery compartment is arranged in the processing part outer shell, so as to fix the battery pack in the power supply circuit inside the battery compartment.

[0029] A board card compartment is further arranged in the processing part outer shell, so as to fix the PCB circuit board inside the board card compartment, and the conversion circuit, the vibration wake-up circuit and the control circuit are arranged on the PCB circuit board.

[0030] In an embodiment, the processing part further comprises:

[0031] A first buffer assembly filled between the battery pack and the battery compartment, configured to reduce vibration of the battery pack.

[0032] A second buffer assembly configured to wrap each battery pack in the power supply circuit, so as to reduce vibration between adjacent battery packs.

[0033] In an embodiment, the wireless communication circuit comprises:

[0034] A wireless module connected with the control circuit, configured to receive the output signal of the control circuit and output externally through an antenna.

[0035] The antenna is connected with the wireless module and placed inside the processing part outer shell.

[0036] The processing part outer shell is a non-metal processing part outer shell, the wireless module is arranged on the PCB circuit board, and the antenna is arranged in an antenna mounting groove in the battery compartment.

[0037] In an embodiment, a waterproof joint is fixed on the processing part outer shell, so that the processing part is connected with the sensing part through the waterproof joint and a cable line, and a bellows is arranged outside the cable line to protect the cable line.

[0038] In an embodiment, the processing part further comprises:

[0039] A waterproof part arranged between the battery compartment and the board card compartment, configured to prevent water.

[0040] In an embodiment, further comprising:

[0041] a timing circuit connected with the control circuit, configured to clear the timing value and output a trigger signal to the control circuit when the timing length reaches a first length, so that the control circuit enters the wake-up state after receiving the trigger signal;

[0042] wherein the switching rule comprises that the working length after the control circuit enters the wake-up state this time reaches a preset working length threshold.

[0043] In an embodiment, the power supply circuit comprises:

[0044] a wireless power receiving coil for receiving wireless power supply;

[0045] a wireless power processing circuit connected with the wireless power receiving coil for processing power;

[0046] a charge-discharge management circuit connected with the wireless power processing circuit for charge-discharge management and circuit protection when overvoltage and / or overcurrent are detected;

[0047] a power management circuit connected with the charge-discharge management circuit for battery pack protection;

[0048] a battery pack connected with the power management circuit;

[0049] a voltage conversion circuit connected with the charge-discharge management circuit for voltage level conversion to supply power externally.

[0050] In an embodiment, the voltage conversion circuit comprises:

[0051] a first conversion sub-circuit connected with the charge-discharge management circuit for voltage level conversion to output a first voltage level, and supply power to the wireless communication circuit through the first voltage level;

[0052] a second conversion sub-circuit connected with the charge-discharge management circuit for voltage level conversion to output a plurality of different voltage levels and a constant current source, to supply power to the sensitive part, the conversion circuit, the control circuit and the vibration wake-up circuit through the plurality of different voltage levels when the control circuit is in the wake-up state, and provide the constant current source for the conversion circuit;

[0053] the control terminal of the first conversion sub-circuit is connected with the control circuit, to disconnect the power supply for the wireless communication circuit under the control of the control circuit when the control circuit switches to the sleep state;

[0054] The control end of the second conversion sub-circuit is connected with the control circuit, so that when the control circuit is switched to the dormant state, the power supply for the sensitive part and the conversion circuit is disconnected under the control of the control circuit.

[0055] In an embodiment, the power supply circuit further comprises:

[0056] A power input path management circuit is arranged between the charge-discharge management circuit and the wireless electric energy processing circuit, and is configured to receive electric energy from the debugging interface and output to the charge-discharge management circuit when the debugging interface is connected, and receive electric energy from the wireless electric energy receiving coil and output to the charge-discharge management circuit when the debugging interface is not connected.

[0057] In an embodiment, the processing part further comprises a magnetic component, so that when the wireless sensor is charged through the wireless electric energy receiving coil, the relative position of the processing part and the charging device is fixed by the magnetic component.

[0058] In a second aspect, the application provides a train fault monitoring system comprising the wireless sensor as described above.

[0059] The application scheme considers that when the wireless sensor is used, the installation of the sensor can be facilitated, and the number of cables can be reduced. However, compared with the wired sensor which only needs to have vibration, impact and temperature sensitive circuit inside, the wireless sensor not only needs to integrate the sensitive circuit, but also needs to realize the functions of energy storage and power supply, wireless communication and the like, so that the wireless sensor of the traditional scheme is large in size and difficult to install in some narrow spaces (such as the axle box position) on the train, so that the traditional wireless sensor cannot be directly applied. In addition, there are problems such as insufficient power supply capacity.

[0060] The application scheme sets a separated wireless sensor, that is, the sensitive part and the processing part are arranged in a separated manner. The sensitive part is arranged at the first position, so that the signal detection can be performed at the first position. The processing part is arranged at the second position and connected with the sensitive part, and can receive the signal detected by the sensitive part to realize the wireless transmission of the signal. As can be seen, the sensitive part only needs to complete the detection function, such as the detection of vibration, impact and temperature, so that the sensitive part is small in size and can be conveniently installed in some narrow spaces. The processing part needs to have the functions of energy storage and power supply, wireless communication and the like, so that the processing part is large in size, but can be placed near the sensitive part and in a relatively large space position (the second position).

[0061] In addition, even compared with the sensitive part, the processing part can be arranged at a relatively large spatial position, but the space is still limited, so that the power supply circuit in the processing part cannot be too large, which leads to limited energy storage. The low power consumption of the wireless sensor can be realized by the scheme. Specifically, the vibration wake-up circuit connected with the control circuit is arranged, which is used to wake up the control circuit when the vibration amplitude of the wireless sensor reaches the threshold. That is, only when the vibration is strong, the wireless sensor needs to work. At this time, the control circuit can control the power supply circuit to supply power to the processing part and the sensitive part, that is, the wireless sensor can work at this time to realize the detection of the corresponding signal. When the switching rule is established, the control circuit will switch to the sleep state, for example, after a certain period of time, it will switch to the sleep state. At this time, the control circuit can disconnect the power supply circuit to supply power to the sensitive part, the conversion circuit and the wireless communication circuit, so that the power supply circuit consumes little power in the sleep state, so it is not necessary to charge the power supply circuit frequently, and the wireless sensor of the application can realize long-term engineering application with low power consumption.

[0062] In summary, the wireless sensor is adopted in the application, so that the installation of the sensor can be conveniently realized, the number of cables is reduced, and the sensitive part and the processing part are arranged in a separated manner, so that the volume of the sensitive part of the wireless sensor of the application is small, and the sensitive part can be conveniently installed in some narrow space. In addition, through the setting of the wake-up mechanism, the wireless sensor can realize long-term engineering application with low power consumption without frequent charging. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0063] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0064] Figure 1 The structure diagram of the wireless sensor provided by one specific embodiment of the application is shown in the figure.

[0065] Figure 2 The structure diagram of the wireless sensor provided by another specific embodiment of the application is shown in the figure.

[0066] Figure 3 The structure diagram of the power supply circuit in the wireless sensor provided by one specific embodiment of the application is shown in the figure.

[0067] Figure 4 The structure diagram of the conversion circuit in the power supply circuit provided by one specific embodiment of the application is shown in the figure.

[0068] Figure 5 A front view of a processing part housing provided by one embodiment of the present application;

[0069] Figure 6 A structure view of a wireless sensor provided by another embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] The core of the present application is to provide a wireless sensor and a train fault monitoring system. The wireless sensor is adopted, so that the installation of the sensor can be conveniently realized, the number of cables is reduced, and the sensitive part and the processing part are arranged in a separated mode, so that the volume of the sensitive part of the wireless sensor of the present application is small, and the sensitive part can be conveniently installed in some narrow space. In addition, through the setting of the wake-up mechanism, the wireless sensor can realize long-time engineering application only by consuming low power consumption without frequent charging.

[0071] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0072] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 A structure view of a wireless sensor provided by one embodiment of the present application. The wireless sensor can include:

[0073] The sensitive part 10 is arranged at the first position and is used for signal detection at the first position. The processing part 20 is arranged at the second position and is connected with the sensitive part 10 and is used for signal output. The processing part 20 includes:

[0074] The control end is connected with the control circuit 22, and the power supply circuit 23 is used for supplying power to the processing part 20 and the sensitive part 10 when the control circuit 22 is in the wake-up state;

[0075] The conversion circuit 21 is connected with the sensitive part 10 and the control circuit 22 respectively, is used for receiving the detection signal of the sensitive part 10, and sends the converted signal to the control circuit 22;

[0076] The control circuit 22 is used for switching to the sleep state when the switching rule is established, and controls the power supply circuit 23 to disconnect the power supply to the sensitive part 10, the conversion circuit 21 and the wireless communication circuit 24;

[0077] The vibration wake-up circuit 25 is connected with the control circuit 22, and is used for waking up the control circuit 22 when the vibration amplitude of the vibration wake-up circuit 25 reaches the threshold value;

[0078] A wireless communication circuit 24 connected with the control circuit 22 and configured to output the output signal of the control circuit 22.

[0079] Specifically, the sensitive part 10 is configured to detect signals at the first position, which can be set according to actual needs. For example, in one embodiment, the sensitive part 10 is set at the shaft box position, and in other embodiments, it can be set at other positions where signal detection is required. In actual applications, the space for placing the sensitive part 10 at the first position is usually limited.

[0080] In the present application, the sensitive part 10 and the processing part 20 are arranged separately, the sensitive part 10 is set at the first position, and the processing part 20 is set at the second position and connected with the sensitive part 10. The sensitive part 10 only needs to complete the detection function, so the volume of the sensitive part 10 can be set smaller, which makes it easier to install in some narrow space. The processing part 20 needs to have the functions of energy storage and power supply, wireless communication, etc., so the volume is larger, but it can be placed near the sensitive part in a relatively large space position (the second position).

[0081] When the sensitive part 10 detects signals at the first position, the specific signal content and circuit structure can be set according to actual needs. In the fault diagnosis of the train, one or more of the impact signal, vibration signal and temperature signal usually need to be detected.

[0082] In one embodiment of the present application, the sensitive part 10 can include: Figure 2

[0083] A first detection head configured to detect vibration and impact at the first position;

[0084] A charge amplification circuit connected with the first detection head and configured to convert the charge signal output by the first detection head into a voltage signal and amplify the voltage signal;

[0085] A differential amplification circuit connected with the charge amplification circuit and configured to differentially amplify the voltage signal output by the charge amplification circuit and output to the conversion circuit 21.

[0086] For example, in one embodiment, the sensitive part 10 can further include a second detection head configured to detect temperature at the first position and output the detected temperature signal to the conversion circuit 21.

[0087] ​In actual application, the sensitive part 10 can realize the detection of one or more of the impact signal, the vibration signal and the temperature signal. Specifically, the first detection head in the above embodiment can perform vibration impact detection at the first position, for example, a PKGS detection head is specifically used, vibration impact detection is realized through a second-order system, and the vibration signal and the impact signal can be extracted through subsequent frequency analysis and the like processing of the detection result of the first detection head, for example, the vibration signal and the impact signal of the axle box position when the first position is the axle box position. That is to say, in the above embodiment, the sensitive part 10 of the application can realize the detection of the impact signal and the vibration signal, and if the second detection head for detecting the temperature at the first position and outputting the detected temperature signal to the conversion circuit 21 is arranged in the sensitive part 10, the sensitive part 10 can realize the detection of the temperature signal.

[0088] When vibration impact detection is performed, the signal output by the first detection head is a charge signal, that is, the first detection head reflects the vibration impact condition of the first position through the change of the charge amount, therefore, the charge signal output by the first detection head needs to be converted into a voltage signal and amplified through a charge amplification circuit. In actual application, the charge amplification circuit can select a single-ended charge amplification circuit or a differential charge amplification circuit according to actual needs.

[0089] The voltage signal output by the charge amplification circuit is differentially amplified through the differential amplification circuit, and then differential transmission can be performed, which is because the differential amplification circuit and the processing part 20 need to be connected through a certain length of line, and differential transmission can effectively suppress common-mode interference, therefore, the differential amplification circuit is used to differentially amplify the voltage signal output by the charge amplification circuit, and then output to the conversion circuit 21 of the processing part 20.

[0090] The second detection head can perform temperature detection at the first position, for example, a platinum resistance detection head is specifically used to realize temperature detection, and the temperature signal detected by the second detection head can be transmitted through various ways, for example, a 2-wire system can be used to transmit to the conversion circuit 21 of the processing part 20, which is relatively convenient.

[0091] The processing part 20 can receive the signal from the sensitive part 10 and then output externally, specifically, the conversion circuit 21 in the processing part 20 is used to receive the detection signal of the sensitive part 10 and send to the control circuit 22 after conversion, and the specific structure of the conversion circuit 21 can be set according to actual needs, for example, the structure of the conversion circuit 21 can be set adaptively based on the detection signal of the sensitive part 10, so that the conversion circuit 21 can effectively realize its function.

[0092] In one specific embodiment of the application, reference can be made to Figure 2 , the conversion circuit 21 can include:

[0093] a differential conversion circuit connected with the differential amplification circuit, for voltage level conversion of the signal output by the differential amplification circuit;

[0094] a first analog-digital conversion circuit connected with the differential conversion circuit, for analog-digital conversion of the signal output by the differential conversion circuit and output to the control circuit 22.

[0095] In another embodiment, when a second detection head for temperature detection at the first position is provided, the conversion circuit 21 can further comprise a second analog-digital conversion circuit connected with the second detection head, for analog-digital conversion of the temperature signal output by the second detection head and output to the control circuit 22.

[0096] For details, please refer to Figure 2 This embodiment takes into account that the voltage level of the signal output by the differential amplification circuit of the sensitive part 10 can not be able to well meet the requirements of the first analog-digital conversion circuit, and therefore a differential conversion circuit is provided to perform voltage level conversion on the signal output by the differential amplification circuit, and then send it to the first analog-digital conversion circuit to be converted into a digital signal required by the control circuit 22. In addition, in some embodiments, a filter circuit can be provided on the input side or output side of the differential conversion circuit to achieve filtering, for example, a low-pass filter circuit can be specifically provided.

[0097] The first analog-digital conversion circuit can perform analog-digital conversion on the signal output by the differential conversion circuit, and the first analog-digital conversion circuit can be specifically selected as a Σ-∆ type ADC, which can realize analog-digital conversion, digital filtering and sampling operations, and then output to the control circuit 22. The second analog-digital conversion circuit can receive the temperature signal output by the second detection head of the sensitive part 10, and can also realize analog-digital conversion, digital filtering and sampling operations, and then output to the control circuit 22.

[0098] The output signal of the conversion circuit 21 is sent to the control circuit 22, for example Figure 2 In the example, the first analog-digital conversion circuit and the second analog-digital conversion circuit can be connected to the control circuit 22 through the SPI interface. The control circuit 22 can be selected as an MCU with a certain storage space, which can temporarily store the received data and then output it externally through the wireless communication circuit 24, which is beneficial to meet the signal quality requirements of continuous transmission. Figure 2 In the example, the control circuit 22 is an MCU. In addition, in some embodiments, the control circuit 22 can also process the received data as needed, and then output it externally through the wireless communication circuit 24 after processing, that is, the control circuit 22 can send the received data after processing, or it can only be responsible for data reception, storage and transmission, which can be set according to actual needs, and does not affect the implementation of the present application.

[0099] In order to enable the wireless sensor of the present application to be implemented for long-time engineering application, the present application scheme adopts a vibration wake-up design. Specifically, the vibration wake-up circuit 25 detects its own vibration amplitude, and if the vibration amplitude reaches a threshold value, that is, the vibration is relatively strong, the control circuit 22 is woken up. Of course, the specific value of the threshold value can be set according to actual needs.

[0100] In the wake-up state, the control circuit 22 can control the power supply circuit 23 to supply power to the sensitive part 10 and the processing part 20, that is, in the wake-up state, the wireless sensor can normally perform various parameter detection, and can output data through the wireless communication circuit 24. And when the switching rule is met, the control circuit 22 can switch from the wake-up state to the sleep state, and in the sleep state, the control circuit 22 will disconnect the power supply circuit 23 to supply power to the sensitive part 10, the conversion circuit 21 and the wireless communication circuit 24, that is, in the sleep state, the wireless sensor is only on standby, and the power consumption is very small.

[0101] It can be seen that no matter whether the control circuit 22 is in the wake-up state or the sleep state, the power supply circuit 23 can supply power to the control circuit 22 and the vibration wake-up circuit 25, so that no matter whether the control circuit 22 is in the wake-up state or the sleep state, the vibration wake-up circuit 25 can always be powered on to detect its own vibration amplitude. As for the control circuit 22, the control circuit 22 also needs to be powered when it is in the sleep state, but it can be understood that in the sleep state, the control circuit 22 is on standby, and the power consumption is very small. In Figure 2 and Figure 1 In the example, the vibration wake-up circuit 25 is powered by the power supply circuit 23 through the control circuit 22, so the connection between the power supply circuit 23 and the vibration wake-up circuit 25 is not shown. In other embodiments, the output of the power supply circuit 23 can be directly connected to the vibration wake-up circuit 25, which does not affect the implementation of the present application.

[0102] In a specific embodiment of the present application, reference can be made to Figure 6 may also include a processing part housing and a sensitive part housing;

[0103] The processing part 20 is installed in the processing part housing, and the sensitive part 10 is installed in the sensitive part housing 103;

[0104] The processing part housing is provided with a battery compartment, so that the battery pack 35 in the power supply circuit 23 is fixed inside the battery compartment;

[0105] The processing portion shell further has a PCB slot, so that the PCB 104 is fixed in the PCB slot, and the conversion circuit 21, the vibration wake-up circuit 25 and the control circuit 22 are arranged on the PCB 104.

[0106] In this embodiment, the processing portion 20 and the sensitive portion 10 are respectively protected by the processing portion shell and the sensitive portion shell 103, i.e. the processing portion 20 is installed in the processing portion shell, and the sensitive portion 10 is installed in the sensitive portion shell 103.

[0107] In this embodiment, the power supply circuit 23 is the most important part in the sensitive portion 10, especially the battery pack 35, so the processing portion shell has a battery slot, so that the battery pack 35 in the power supply circuit 23 is fixed in the battery slot.

[0108] In this embodiment, the processing portion shell has a PCB slot, so that the PCB 104 is fixed in the PCB slot, and the conversion circuit 21, the vibration wake-up circuit 25 and the control circuit 22 are arranged on the PCB 104. Of course, in other embodiments, other circuit components can be arranged on the PCB 104 if necessary.

[0109] The specific structure and size of the processing portion shell can be set and adjusted according to actual needs, for example, in the example of Figure 6 The processing portion shell specifically includes an upper shell 101 and a lower shell 102 which is matched with the upper shell 101, and the two are connected by bolts or the like to form an integrated body. In the example of Figure 6 The upper shell 101 is a concave upper shell 101, and the accommodating cavity formed thereby can be used as the PCB slot required by the present application. The lower shell 102 is also a concave lower shell 102, and the accommodating cavity formed thereby can be used as the battery slot required by the present application. In actual application, the volume required by the battery slot is higher than that required by the PCB slot.

[0110] In one embodiment of the present application, the processing portion 20 further includes:

[0111] a first buffer assembly filled between the battery pack 35 and the battery slot, for reducing the vibration of the battery pack 35;

[0112] a second buffer assembly for wrapping each battery pack 35 in the power supply circuit 23, so as to reduce the vibration between adjacent battery packs 35.

[0113] The embodiment considers that the power supply circuit 23 includes the battery pack 35, and generally includes 2 or even more parallel battery packs 35 to ensure sufficient power supply. The conventional battery pack scheme has a relatively low requirement for vibration, which cannot meet the vibration level of the wireless sensor installed in the axle box position in the present application. Therefore, in the embodiment, a first buffer assembly for reducing the vibration of the battery pack 35 is filled between the battery pack 35 and the battery compartment.

[0114] For example, in a specific embodiment, the first buffer assembly filled between the battery pack 35 and the battery compartment can be an epoxy resin filling glue with appropriate hardness, which can fix the battery pack 35 on one hand, and on the other hand, the damping coefficient of the epoxy resin filling glue is large, which can effectively absorb the vibration mechanical energy and reduce the vibration energy transmission to the battery pack 35.

[0115] In the embodiment, a second buffer assembly for wrapping each battery pack 35 in the power supply circuit to reduce the vibration between adjacent battery packs 35 is also provided, for example Figure 6 In the example, the second buffer assembly can be a vibration reduction cotton 105, which can be wrapped around each battery pack 35, so that the impact of vibration on adjacent battery packs 35 can be effectively reduced between the battery packs 35, and the damage to the battery core is reduced.

[0116] In addition, for the PCB circuit board 104, the vibration resistance design of the PCB circuit board 104 can also be performed. On one hand, when the chip on the board is pasted, the filling glue can be added between the chip and the board, and the remaining components are fixed by dispensing glue. On the other hand, after the board is installed, the glue filling operation can also be performed to ensure that the PCB circuit board 104 and the board compartment become a whole, and the vibration resistance performance is improved.

[0117] The wireless communication circuit 24 of the present application plays a role in wireless communication, and the specific form can be set according to actual needs. In a specific embodiment of the present application, the wireless communication circuit 24 can include: a wireless module connected with the control circuit 22, for receiving the output signal of the control circuit 22 and outputting externally through an antenna; and an antenna connected with the wireless module and placed inside the processing part housing. The processing part housing is a non-metal processing part housing.

[0118] In the embodiment, the output signal of the control circuit 22 is received through the wireless module, for example, a CAT.1 module is specifically used, Figure 2In this example, the connection to the MCU is via a UART serial port. To adapt to the field application environment and protection requirements, this implementation uses a built-in antenna for communication, meaning the antenna is placed inside the processing unit housing. Because the antenna is inside the processing unit housing, to reduce the shielding of the communication signal by the processing unit housing and ensure communication quality, the processing unit housing is a non-metallic housing; for example, it can be a processing unit housing designed with composite materials.

[0119] Furthermore, during the layout process, the wireless module can typically be mounted on the PCB circuit board 104, while the battery compartment, due to its larger size, provides ample space for the antenna. Therefore, the antenna can usually be placed in the antenna mounting slot within the battery compartment, for example... Figure 6 In one embodiment, an antenna mounting slot is provided on the side of the battery compartment so that the antenna 106 can be arranged in the antenna mounting slot.

[0120] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, a waterproof connector is fixed on the outer shell of the processing unit so that the processing unit 20 is connected to the sensitive unit 10 through the waterproof connector and the cable; a corrugated tube for protecting the cable is provided on the outside of the cable.

[0121] This implementation takes into account that the processing unit 20 of this application needs to be connected to the sensitive unit 10. To ensure reliability, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 6 A waterproof connector 107 is fixed to the outer casing of the processing unit, providing good waterproofing at the interface between the processing unit 20 and the cable, ensuring reliable operation of the wireless sensor in harsh field conditions. A standardized waterproof connector can typically be selected, offering strong versatility and effective cable connection. (See reference...) Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a front view of the processing unit housing provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 A waterproof connector is fixed at the lower right corner of the outer casing of the processing unit.

[0122] In addition, the cable is provided with a corrugated tube for protection. The corrugated tube has good impact resistance, pressure resistance and tensile strength, which can effectively protect the cable. Figure 6 In the example, a corrugated pipe 109 is provided on the outside of the cable 108 to protect the cable 108.

[0123] In one embodiment of the present application, the processing unit 20 can further comprise a waterproof component 110 arranged between the battery compartment and the board card compartment for waterproofing. This embodiment takes into account that the processing unit housing usually adopts the structure of the upper and lower housings described above to realize the board card compartment and the battery compartment respectively, and therefore the waterproof component 110 for waterproofing can be arranged between the battery compartment and the board card compartment to further improve the reliability of the wireless sensor of the present application. For example Figure 6 In the example, the O-shaped waterproof component 110 for waterproofing is arranged to achieve good sealing effect and the protection level can reach IP68.

[0124] In the present application, the specific structure of the power supply circuit 23 can be set according to actual needs. For example Figure 2 In the example, the power supply circuit 23 comprises a wireless power receiving coil, a wireless power processing circuit, a charge and discharge management circuit, and a conversion circuit DC / DC. The wireless power receiving coil and the wireless power processing circuit serve the function of wireless power reception, the charge and discharge management circuit can perform charge and discharge management, and the conversion circuit DC / DC converts the battery pack output voltage into the required voltage of each voltage level. In addition Figure 2 The I2C bus of the MCU and the power supply circuit 23 is shown in the example, indicating that through the communication bus, the MCU can control the power supply circuit 23, thereby realizing the disconnection of the power supply circuit 23 for the sensitive part 10, the conversion circuit 21 and the wireless communication circuit 24 in the sleep state.

[0125] In one embodiment of the present application, the power supply circuit 23 can comprise:

[0126] a wireless power receiving coil 31 for receiving wireless power supply;

[0127] a wireless power processing circuit 32 connected with the wireless power receiving coil 31 for performing power processing;

[0128] a charge and discharge management circuit 33 connected with the wireless power processing circuit 32 for performing charge and discharge management and performing circuit protection when overvoltage and / or overcurrent are detected;

[0129] a power management circuit 34 connected with the charge and discharge management circuit 33 for performing battery pack 35 protection;

[0130] a battery pack 35 connected with the power management circuit 34;

[0131] a conversion circuit 36 connected with the charge and discharge management circuit 33 for performing voltage level conversion to supply power externally.

[0132] The power supply circuit 23 needs to be able to charge, and considering that charging is performed through wireless power supply, it is advantageous to meet the protection requirements of the train field application environment, so in this embodiment, wireless power is specifically received through the wireless power receiving coil 31. The wireless power processing circuit 32 is connected with the wireless power receiving coil 31 and can perform power processing, for example, rectification, voltage stabilization and the like.

[0133] The application scheme is provided with a charge and discharge management circuit 33 for charge and discharge management, for example, specifically including functions such as power monitoring, charge / discharge rate control and the like. And in order to effectively protect the circuit, the charge and discharge management circuit 33 will also perform circuit protection when overvoltage and / or overcurrent are detected, that is, the charge and discharge management circuit 33 can detect the voltage and current flowing through itself, and can determine whether overvoltage and / or overcurrent occurs. In actual application, overvoltage and / or overcurrent more often occurs during charging. Through the charge and discharge management circuit 33, abnormal conditions during charging and discharging can be effectively found, and circuit devices can be prevented from being damaged, for example, when overvoltage and / or overcurrent are detected, the charge and discharge main switch of the battery pack 35 can be cut off to avoid damaging the components in the wireless sensor.

[0134] In addition to the charge and discharge management circuit 33, the power supply management circuit 34 for protecting the battery pack 35 is also provided in this embodiment, that is, the BMS, through which the battery pack 35 can be effectively protected, for example, when charging overvoltage, discharging under-voltage, charging overcurrent, overheating and the like of the battery pack 35 are detected, the battery pack 35 protection is performed. In addition, since the BMS and the charge and discharge management circuit 33 are provided at the same time, it is equivalent to a redundant protection function, which is advantageous to further guarantee the reliability of the power supply circuit 23 of the wireless sensor.

[0135] The battery pack 35 can be a single battery pack 35 or multiple battery packs 35, and when multiple battery packs 35 are used, they can be connected in series or in parallel, which can be selected according to actual needs, for example, in a specific embodiment, the battery pack 35 uses two parallel lithium iron phosphate battery packs.

[0136] The conversion circuit 36 is used for voltage level conversion, so as to provide different voltage levels, which can supply power to the corresponding components.

[0137] For example, in a specific embodiment of the application, the conversion circuit 36 can include:

[0138] connected with the charge and discharge management circuit 33, for performing voltage level conversion to output a voltage of a first voltage level, and supplying power to the wireless communication circuit 24 through the voltage of the first voltage level.

[0139] A second conversion sub-circuit connected with the charge-discharge management circuit 33, for performing voltage level conversion to output a plurality of different voltage levels and a constant current source, to supply power to the sensitive part 10, the conversion circuit 21, the control circuit 22 and the vibration wake-up circuit 25 through the plurality of different voltage levels when the control circuit 22 is in the wake-up state, and to provide the constant current source for the conversion circuit 21;

[0140] The control end of the first conversion sub-circuit is connected with the control circuit 22, to disconnect the power supply for the wireless communication circuit 24 under the control of the control circuit 22 when the control circuit 22 is switched to the sleep state.

[0141] The control end of the second conversion sub-circuit is connected with the control circuit 22, to disconnect the power supply for the sensitive part 10 and the conversion circuit 21 under the control of the control circuit 22 when the control circuit 22 is switched to the sleep state.

[0142] This embodiment considers that the power consumption and starting current of the wireless communication circuit 24 are large, and therefore a separate power supply is designed for the wireless communication circuit 24, that is, the first conversion sub-circuit is specially used to perform voltage level conversion to output a voltage of the first voltage level for the wireless communication circuit 24. Figure 4 For example, the first conversion sub-circuit can be a DC / DC circuit, and the voltage of 3.8V is output for the wireless communication circuit 24.

[0143] The second conversion sub-circuit can perform voltage level conversion, and in order to improve the integration and reduce the size of the wireless sensor, the second conversion sub-circuit can output a plurality of different voltage levels and can output a constant current source, for example Figure 4 For example, the second conversion sub-circuit is implemented by a PMIC chip, which can provide voltages of 5V, 3.3V and 1.8V. The MCU and the vibration wake-up circuit 25 need a voltage of 1.8V, and this voltage remains in the on state. The voltages of 5V and 3.3V can be switched to the on state and the off state under the control of the control circuit 22. The voltage of 3.8V output by the first conversion sub-circuit can also be switched to the on state and the off state under the control of the control circuit 22. Therefore, the loop in which the first conversion sub-circuit supplies power to the wireless communication circuit 24 and the loop in which the second conversion sub-circuit supplies power to the conversion circuit 21 and the sensitive part 10 can be switched to the on state and the off state under the control of the control circuit 22, to realize the switching between the sleep state and the wake-up state as described above.

[0144] The first conversion sub-circuit and the second conversion sub-circuit can both be implemented by a switching power supply, that is, a digital power supply, which is beneficial to reduce power loss.

[0145] In Figure 4The ADC shown in the example of FIG. 1 can be the first and second analog-to-digital conversion circuits described in the above embodiments, which need to be supplied with 5V and 1.8V voltages in the example, and the second conversion sub-circuit further generates a 2.5V reference source and supplies it to the first and second analog-to-digital conversion circuits as the reference voltage Vref needed by both.

[0146] Figure 4 The temperature detection shown in the example of FIG. 1 refers to the related devices for temperature detection in the sensing part 10, which need to be supplied with 3.3V and 1.8V voltages in the example. Figure 4 The vibration impact detection shown in the example of FIG. 1 refers to the related devices for vibration impact detection in the sensing part 10 and the conversion circuit 21, which need to be supplied with 5V voltage in the example. The second conversion sub-circuit can further provide a constant current source for the conversion circuit 21, typically specifically for the probe end for vibration impact detection in the sensing part 10.

[0147] Figure 4 In the example of FIG. 1, the 1.8V voltage is marked as ON, indicating that the second conversion sub-circuit will always provide 1.8V voltage, ensuring that the control circuit 22 and the vibration wake-up circuit 25 are always powered on, while the 5V voltage and the 3.3V voltage are marked as ON / OFF, indicating that the on-off state can be determined by the state of the control circuit 22.

[0148] In one specific embodiment of the present application, the power supply circuit 23 can further include:

[0149] The power supply input path management circuit 37 disposed between the charge-discharge management circuit 33 and the wireless power processing circuit 32 is configured to receive power from the debug interface and output it to the charge-discharge management circuit 33 when the debug interface is connected, and receive power from the wireless power receiving coil 31 and output it to the charge-discharge management circuit 33 when the debug interface is not connected.

[0150] For details, please refer to Figure 3 The embodiment provides a debug interface, so that the wireless sensor can be debugged through the debug interface during production testing. Specifically, when the debug interface is not connected, the power supply input path management circuit 37 receives power from the wireless power receiving coil 31 and outputs it to the charge-discharge management circuit 33. It can be understood that after the wireless sensor is shipped, it is usually charged through the wireless power receiving coil 31.

[0151] When the debugging interface is connected, in order to avoid the safety risk caused by the simultaneous access of wired and wireless power supply, the power input path management circuit 37 is designed to select one path, that is, as long as the debugging interface is connected, whether the wireless power receiving coil 31 has power or not, the power input path management circuit 37 will receive the power from the debugging interface and output to the charge and discharge management circuit 33. In actual application, this purpose can be achieved by circuit setting, for example, when the debugging interface is connected, a certain enable pin of the power input path management circuit 37 is pulled high, so that the power input path management circuit 37 will cut off the connection with the wireless power receiving coil 31.

[0152] In addition, it can be understood that the debugging interface needs to be used before leaving the factory, so the debugging interface does not need to be exposed outside the shell of the wireless sensor, thereby meeting the protection requirements of the application environment, that is, in the application site, charging is performed in a wireless manner, and the wired power supply provided by the debugging interface is only used for debugging.

[0153] In a specific embodiment of the present application, the following can also be included:

[0154] The timing circuit connected with the control circuit 22 is used to clear the timing value and output a trigger signal to the control circuit 22 when the timing length reaches the first length, so that the control circuit 22 enters the wake-up state after receiving the trigger signal;

[0155] The switching rule includes that the working time length of the control circuit 22 after entering the wake-up state this time reaches a preset working time length threshold.

[0156] It can be understood that the control circuit 22 of the present application will not always be in the wake-up state, and the specific switching rule of switching from the wake-up state to the sleep state can be set according to actual needs, for example, it is usually set that after working for a period of time after wake-up, it will automatically enter the sleep state, that is, in this embodiment, the switching rule is that the working time length of the control circuit 22 after entering the wake-up state this time reaches a preset working time length threshold. The value of the working time length threshold can be set according to actual needs, for example, it is set to 30 seconds, 1 minute group, etc.

[0157] In addition, in this embodiment, in order to avoid that the control circuit 22 cannot be awakened by vibration for a long time, another wake-up mode is also provided, specifically, when the timing length of the timing circuit reaches the first length, the timing value can be cleared and a trigger signal can be output to the control circuit 22, so that the control circuit 22 enters the wake-up state after receiving the trigger signal, that is, in this embodiment, the control circuit 22 can be periodically awakened. In some embodiments, the timing circuit can be integrated inside the control circuit 22.

[0158] In some embodiments, if the control circuit 22 is woken up in this way, and the current vibration intensity is low, the control circuit 22 can be set to only perform temperature detection at this time, that is, when the control circuit 22 is woken up by the timing circuit, the related components for impact vibration detection in the sensitive part 10 will not be powered, and only the related components for temperature detection need to be powered, and the temperature can be returned, which is beneficial to save energy consumption.

[0159] In addition, in actual applications, the components in the wireless sensor can be selected from low-power components and small packages, which is beneficial to reduce the size and power consumption of the wireless sensor. The wireless sensor circuit is mainly powered by 1.8V, and low-voltage power supply is adopted, which can reduce power consumption. Capacitor devices can be reduced, and resistor devices can be set to high resistance according to the circuit condition, which is also beneficial to reduce the power consumption of the circuit.

[0160] In one specific embodiment of the present application, the processing part 20 further comprises a magnetic component, so that when the wireless sensor is charged through the wireless power receiving coil 31, the relative position of the processing part and the charging device is fixed through the magnetic component.

[0161] As described above, the wireless power supply is charged, which is beneficial to meet the protection requirements of the train field application environment, so the wireless power receiving coil 31 is usually used to receive wireless power supply. This embodiment further considers that when the wireless sensor is charged by the external charging device, in order to effectively fix, the magnetic component can be arranged in the processing part 20, so that when charging, the magnetic component can be attracted to the charging device, so as to realize the relative position of the processing part and the charging device is fixed, that is, the relative position of the processing part 20 and the charging device is fixed. The magnetic component can be a magnet, for example Figure 6 In the example, the magnet 111 is arranged on the PCB circuit board 104 to realize the placement of the magnet 111.

[0162] The scheme of the present application considers that when the wireless sensor is used, the installation of the sensor can be conveniently realized, and the number of cables is reduced. However, compared with the wired sensor which only needs to have vibration, impact and temperature sensitive circuit, the wireless sensor not only needs to integrate the sensitive circuit, but also needs to realize the functions of energy storage and power supply, wireless communication and the like, so the volume of the wireless sensor in the traditional scheme is large, and it is difficult to install in some narrow space of the train (such as the axle box position), so the traditional wireless sensor cannot be directly applied. In addition, there are problems such as insufficient power supply capacity.

[0163] The application provides a wireless sensor, which is separated, i.e. the sensitive part and the processing part are arranged separately. The sensitive part is arranged at a first position, so that signal detection can be performed at the first position. The processing part is arranged at a second position and connected with the sensitive part, so as to receive the signal detected by the sensitive part and realize wireless transmission of the signal. As can be seen, the sensitive part only needs to complete the detection function, such as vibration, impact and temperature detection, so that the sensitive part is small in size and can be conveniently installed in some narrow space. The processing part needs to have the functions of energy storage and power supply, wireless communication and the like, so that the processing part is large in size but can be placed near the sensitive part and has a relatively large space position (the second position).

[0164] In addition, compared with the sensitive part, the processing part can be arranged at a relatively large space position, but the space is still limited, so that the power supply circuit in the processing part cannot be too large, resulting in limited energy storage. The application can realize low power consumption of the wireless sensor. Specifically, the application is provided with a vibration wake-up circuit connected with the control circuit, which is used to wake up the control circuit when the vibration amplitude of the vibration wake-up circuit reaches a threshold. That is, only when the vibration is strong, the wireless sensor needs to work. At this time, the control circuit can control the power supply circuit to supply power to the processing part and the sensitive part, i.e. the wireless sensor can work at this time to realize detection of the corresponding signal. When the switching rule is met, the control circuit will be switched to a sleep state, for example, the control circuit will be switched to the sleep state after a certain period of time. At this time, the control circuit can disconnect the power supply circuit to supply power to the sensitive part, the conversion circuit and the wireless communication circuit, so that the power supply circuit hardly consumes power in the sleep state, so that the power supply circuit does not need to be charged frequently, and the wireless sensor of the application can realize long-term engineering application with low power consumption.

[0165] In summary, the application adopts the wireless sensor, so that the installation of the sensor can be conveniently realized, the number of cables is reduced, and the sensitive part and the processing part are arranged separately, so that the sensitive part of the wireless sensor of the application is small in size and can be conveniently installed in some narrow space. In addition, through the setting of the wake-up mechanism, the wireless sensor can realize long-term engineering application with low power consumption without frequent charging.

[0166] Corresponding to the above embodiment of the wireless sensor, the application also provides a train fault monitoring system, which can include the wireless sensor in any of the above embodiments and can be mutually corresponding to the above description.

[0167] The principles and implementation manners of the present application are described by using specific examples in the present application, and the above example descriptions are only used to help understand the technical solutions of the present application and the core ideas thereof. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, the present application can be improved and modified in several ways, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A wireless sensor, characterized in that, include: A sensitive part is set at a first position for signal detection at the first position; A processing unit, disposed at a second position and connected to the sensitive part, for signal output, and the processing unit includes: A power supply circuit that connects the control terminal to the control circuit and supplies power to the processing unit and the sensitive unit when the control circuit is in a wake-up state; It is connected to the sensitive part and the control circuit respectively, and is used to receive the detection signal of the sensitive part and send it to the conversion circuit of the control circuit after conversion; The control circuit is used to switch to a sleep state when the switching rule is met, and to control the power supply circuit to disconnect the power supply to the sensitive part, the switching circuit and the wireless communication circuit. Connected to the control circuit, it is used to wake up the vibration wake-up circuit of the control circuit when its own vibration amplitude reaches a threshold. A wireless communication circuit connected to the control circuit for outputting the output signal of the control circuit.

2. The wireless sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensitive part includes: A first detection head for performing vibration and impact detection at the first position; A charge amplifier circuit connected to the first detection head, used to convert the charge signal output by the first detection head into a voltage signal and amplify it; A differential amplifier circuit connected to the charge amplifier circuit, used to differentially amplify the voltage signal output by the charge amplifier circuit and output it to the conversion circuit.

3. The wireless sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conversion circuit includes: A differential conversion circuit connected to the differential amplifier circuit for converting the voltage level of the signal output by the differential amplifier circuit; A first analog-to-digital converter circuit connected to the differential converter circuit is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the signal output by the differential converter circuit and output it to the control circuit.

4. The wireless sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sensitive part also includes: A second detection head is used to perform temperature detection at the first position and output the detected temperature signal to the conversion circuit; The conversion circuit further includes: A second analog-to-digital converter circuit is connected to the second detection head and is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the temperature signal output by the second detection head and output it to the control circuit.

5. The wireless sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wireless sensor further includes: a processing unit housing and a sensing unit housing; The processing unit is installed in the processing unit housing, and the sensing unit is installed in the sensing unit housing; The processing unit housing is provided with a battery compartment so that the battery pack in the power circuit is fixed inside the battery compartment. The processing unit housing also includes a board slot to fix the PCB circuit board inside the board slot, and the conversion circuit, the vibration wake-up circuit, and the control circuit are all arranged on the PCB circuit board.

6. The wireless sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that, The processing unit further includes: A first buffer assembly is filled between the battery pack and the battery compartment to reduce vibration of the battery pack; A second buffer assembly used to enclose the individual battery packs in the power circuit to reduce vibration between adjacent battery packs.

7. The wireless sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that, The wireless communication circuit includes: A wireless module connected to the control circuit for receiving the output signal of the control circuit and outputting it externally through an antenna; The antenna is connected to the wireless module and is located inside the housing of the processing unit; The processing unit housing is a non-metallic processing unit housing, the wireless module is arranged on the PCB circuit board, and the antenna is arranged in the antenna mounting slot in the battery compartment.

8. The wireless sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that, A waterproof connector is fixed to the outer casing of the processing unit so that the processing unit can be connected to the sensitive part through the waterproof connector and the cable; a corrugated tube is provided on the outside of the cable to protect the cable.

9. The wireless sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that, The processing unit further includes: A waterproof component disposed between the battery compartment and the circuit board compartment for waterproofing.

10. The wireless sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The timing circuit connected to the control circuit is used to clear the timing value and output a trigger signal to the control circuit whenever the timing duration reaches the first duration, so that the control circuit enters the wake-up state after receiving the trigger signal. The switching rule includes: the working time of the control circuit after entering the wake-up state has reached a preset working time threshold.

11. The wireless sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The power supply circuit includes: Wireless power receiving coil for receiving wireless power; A wireless power processing circuit connected to the wireless power receiving coil for processing electrical energy; A charge / discharge management circuit connected to the wireless power processing circuit is used for charge / discharge management and provides circuit protection when overvoltage and / or overcurrent are detected. A power management circuit connected to the charge / discharge management circuit for battery pack protection; The battery pack connected to the power management circuit; A voltage conversion circuit connected to the charge / discharge management circuit for performing voltage level conversion to supply power to external systems.

12. The wireless sensor according to claim 11, characterized in that, The voltage conversion circuit includes: A first conversion sub-circuit connected to the charge / discharge management circuit, used for voltage level conversion to output a first voltage level, and for powering the wireless communication circuit with the first voltage level. A second conversion sub-circuit, connected to the charge / discharge management circuit, is used to perform voltage level conversion to output multiple different voltage levels and output a constant current source. When the control circuit is in the wake-up state, it supplies power to the sensitive part through multiple different voltage levels, the conversion circuit, the control circuit, and the vibration wake-up circuit, and provides the constant current source to the conversion circuit. The control terminal of the first conversion sub-circuit is connected to the control circuit so that when the control circuit switches to a sleep state, the power supply to the wireless communication circuit is disconnected under the control of the control circuit. The control terminal of the second conversion sub-circuit is connected to the control circuit so that when the control circuit switches to a sleep state, the power supply to the sensitive part and the conversion circuit is disconnected under the control of the control circuit.

13. The wireless sensor according to claim 11, characterized in that, The power supply circuit also includes: The power input path management circuit, located between the charge / discharge management circuit and the wireless power processing circuit, is used to receive power from the debugging interface and output it to the charge / discharge management circuit when the debugging interface is connected, and to receive power from the wireless power receiving coil and output it to the charge / discharge management circuit when the debugging interface is not connected.

14. The wireless sensor according to claim 11, characterized in that, The processing unit also includes a magnetic component, which fixes the relative position of the processing unit and the charging device by means of the magnetic component when the wireless sensor is charged through the wireless power receiving coil.

15. A train fault monitoring system, characterized in that, Including the wireless sensor as described in any one of claims 1 to 14.

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