Biological manure fermented bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer processing, and particularly relates to a biological manure fermented bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The organic fertilizer as an important substitute of a chemical fertilizer plays a key role in improving the soil structure, improving the quality of agricultural products and reducing environmental pollution. Cow dung becomes a highly concerned fermentation raw material due to wide source and considerable yield, but as a cold fertilizer, the cow dung has the significant defects of poor air permeability caused by high water content and compact texture, slow temperature rise and low temperature in the fermentation process, and difficulty in reaching a threshold value for effectively killing grass seeds in the dung. After cow dung is fermented, residual grass seeds can seriously influence the application effect of the fertilizer, so that field weed breeding is caused, and the planting management cost is increased. Therefore, how to solve the problem of incomplete inactivation of the grass seeds caused by fermentation and temperature rise of the cow dung through process optimization becomes a key subject of improving the resource utilization efficiency of the cow dung and improving the quality of an organic fertilizer.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer processing, and particularly relates to a biological feces fermentation biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the process of agricultural green and sustainable development, as an important substitute for chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizer plays a key role in improving soil structure, improving the quality of agricultural products, and reducing environmental pollution. Animal manure, as a high-quality organic fertilizer raw material, its resource utilization has become an important research direction of agricultural circular economy. Among them, cow dung and sheep dung have become the focus of attention as fermentation raw materials due to their wide sources and considerable yield.

[0003] Cow dung, as a cold fertilizer, has poor air permeability due to high water content and compact texture, slow decomposition, long fermentation period, low fermentation temperature, and difficulty in effectively killing grass seeds in cow dung. The grass seeds contained in the fertilizer formed by cow dung fermentation seriously affect the application effect in actual production.

[0004] Under this background, the process of fermenting cow dung into organic fertilizer is improved to improve the killing rate of grass seeds in cow dung during the fermentation process; the quality of the organic fertilizer can be significantly improved, and a more scientific and efficient solution for the resource utilization of cow dung is provided. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the existing problems, the application provides a biological feces fermentation biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof to solve the above problems.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the application provides the following technical scheme:

[0007] A biological feces fermentation biological organic fertilizer preparation method, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) cow dung is separately fermented and composted to obtain a compost product;

[0009] (2) the compost product is mixed with pond mud to obtain a mixture, the mixture is laid on the ground, water is sprayed on the surface of the mixture, and the water content of the mixture is adjusted to 45% to 50%; the environmental conditions are adjusted to induce grass seed hull breaking;

[0010] (3) the mixture after the grass seed hull breaking is placed in an oven for drying and inactivation, the temperature in the oven is not higher than 50 DEG C, and the drying is terminated when the water content of the mixture is less than 10%;

[0011] (4) the mixture is crushed and bagged to obtain a finished product of organic fertilizer.

[0012] As preferred; the cow dung compost product and pond mud need to be pretreated before mixing; the pretreatment of the compost product includes crushing to a particle size of <3mm; the pretreatment of the pond mud includes removing impurities after drying in sunlight and passing through a 10-mesh sieve.

[0013] As preferred; when the compost product is mixed with the pond mud, the mass ratio of the compost product to the pond mud is 7:3.

[0014] As preferred; the flat laying thickness of the mixture, the environmental conditions for inducing grass seed shell breaking are natural light irradiation, the external temperature is controlled at 25-35℃, and the humidity is 60%-80%; the mixture is turned over once a day, and the process lasts for 5-7 days.

[0015] As preferred; the cow dung compost fermentation process includes a temperature rising period, a high temperature period and a temperature falling period; when the pile temperature reaches 55℃, it indicates that the compost enters the high temperature period, and the pile is turned over once every 2-3 days after entering the high temperature period; the pile is turned over immediately when the pile temperature is >70℃.

[0016] As preferred; after experiencing the high temperature period, when the pile temperature falls to 40℃, it indicates that the pile enters the temperature falling period, and the pile is turned over once a week after entering the temperature falling period.

[0017] As preferred; wood ash solution is sprayed when the pile is turned over for the first time, and the pH of the cow dung pile is adjusted to 7.2-7.8, and the moisture content is adjusted to 50%-60%.

[0018] As preferred; the wood ash solution is prepared according to 3-7kg wood ash:100kg clean water.

[0019] As preferred; a composite microbial agent is added when the cow dung starts to ferment, and the composite microbial agent used includes Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus oryzae and actinomycetes.

[0020] A bio-feces fermentation bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by any of the above methods.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the bio-feces fermentation bio-organic fertilizer has the following advantages:

[0022] I. A pure cow dung fermentation process without straw addition is adopted, which avoids the short-term fertilizer loss phenomenon caused by microbial competition for nitrogen compared with straw mixed fermentation (C / N>30), and is particularly suitable for crops such as leafy vegetables that require rapid nitrogen supply, and is suitable for the improvement of soil quality such as vegetable garden soil.

[0023] II. Wood ash solution is added before the first turning of the cow dung, which can neutralize organic acid to stabilize the pH at 7.2-7.8, supplement water, optimize the fermentation environment of microorganisms, improve the aeration of the compost, and better maintain the fermentation temperature. And supplement the potassium element lacking in cow dung.

[0024] Three, the mixture of cow dung compost product and pond mud, through inducing grass seed shell breaking, and low temperature drying, realizes inactivation of grass seed without affecting activity of other effective components.

[0025] Four, the fertilizer formed by mixing pond mud and compost product, the pond mud can improve the porosity of the mixture, and the pond mud can wrap the cow dung compost product to delay the release of the fertilizer, and realize long-acting fertilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0027] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the whole organic fertilizer production process. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the application purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the following described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0029] I. Pretreatment of raw materials to remove impurities

[0030] Collect cow dung, and sieve the cow dung to remove stones and other foreign matters in the cow dung.

[0031] The optimal water content of the fermented cow dung should be controlled between 50% and 60%, at which the cow dung can be held together and not loose, and there is a wet feeling between the fingers but no water dripping.

[0032] If the water content is more than 60%, the cow dung needs to be spread into a thin layer of 5-10 cm and dried, and regularly turned to accelerate water evaporation; if the water content is less than 50%, a spraying device needs to be used to uniformly spray water to adjust, until the state of holding together by hand, seeping water between fingers but not dripping.

[0033] Cow dung belongs to cold fertilizer, its own carbon-nitrogen ratio is low, and the fermentation temperature rises slowly. The existing technology generally uses straw to improve the carbon-nitrogen ratio and air permeability; but the addition of straw will change the performance of the organic fertilizer produced by the final fermentation; for example, the soil in the vegetable garden has high nutrient content, and the addition of straw will further increase the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N), which will lead to the competition for nitrogen by microorganisms and cause the short-term fertilizer loss of crops.

[0034] Therefore, the product of cow dung fermentation alone is more suitable for short-term crops (leafy vegetables) that require rapid nitrogen supply and high organic matter soil. The cow dung alone ferments slowly, which can actively increase the temperature of the environment where the cow dung is located to about 30°C, reducing heat loss during the fermentation process of the cow dung and increasing the fermentation temperature.

[0035] Cow dung itself carries natural microorganisms (such as actinomycetes and fungi), which can naturally start fermentation under suitable conditions, but the fermentation rate is slow. Therefore, during the fermentation of cow dung, organic fertilizer fermentation agents can be added. Common organic fertilizer fermentation agents include Bacillus subtilis (decomposing cellulose), Aspergillus oryzae (degrading lignin), and actinomycetes (synthesizing humus). The addition of the above-mentioned strains can be selected according to the needs of the production cycle during the fermentation of cow dung.

[0036] The recommended addition amount of organic fertilizer fermentation agent is as follows: Bacillus subtilis (≥5 billion CFU / g) 100 grams per ton of material, Aspergillus oryzae (≥300 million CFU / g) 50 grams per ton, and actinomycetes (such as Streptomyces, ≥100 million CFU / g) 50 grams per ton.

[0037] II. Cow dung compost fermentation management

[0038] The cow dung is stacked into trapezoidal or long strip-shaped piles, with a height of 1-1.5 m, a width of 2-3 m, and a length determined by the site. A turning channel is reserved between the piles.

[0039] As shown in Table 1, the fermentation of cow dung into organic fertilizer mainly includes three periods.

[0040] Fermentation cycle State change Temperature range Ingredient change Warming period Strong ammonia or acid odor Normal temperature→50℃ Sugar and simple protein are preferentially decomposed, the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) begins to decrease, and ammonium nitrogen increases High temperature period The material as a whole turns black and the texture softens to a sticky state 55-70℃ (maintained for 5-7 days) Humic acid begins to be synthesized, C / N decreases, and available phosphorus and potassium are released Cooling period Uniform black-brown, loose granular, completely odorless, with a moist soil fermentation fragrance 40℃→normal temperature Humus (humic acid, fulvic acid) is stably formed, C / N gradually stabilizes, nitrate nitrogen proportion increases, and slow-release nutrients increase

[0041] The high-temperature period is the key time to kill grass seeds and insect eggs in cow dung, which mainly destroys the biological activity structure through continuous high temperature.

[0042] In order to avoid high temperature in the core of the pile and hardening of the fermented manure pile, turning operation is needed during the fermentation process. The turning operation mainly focuses on the high-temperature fermentation period (55-70°C) and the early stage of the cooling period (40-50°C). The core function of turning is to regulate oxygen supply, temperature distribution, and microbial activity.

[0043] The pile can be turned over every 2-3 days since the beginning of the high-temperature period (when the temperature reaches 55°C, the high-temperature period begins); the pile can be turned over once a week after the temperature drops. In the case of a special situation where the internal temperature of the cow dung is higher than 70°C during the high-temperature period, the pile should be turned over immediately.

[0044] When the pile is turned over for the first time during the high-temperature period (55-60°C) of the cow dung compost, a wood ash solution is prepared according to the ratio of 3-7 kg of wood ash to 100 kg of clean water, and the wood ash solution is sprayed on the cow dung compost.

[0045] Before the wood ash solution is prepared and sprayed, the pH and moisture of the cow dung compost are measured, and the average value is obtained by sampling at multiple points. According to the moisture data of the cow dung compost, the amount of wood ash solution required is determined to maintain the moisture of the cow dung at 50%-60% and the pH at 7.2-7.8.

[0046] The pile is turned over immediately after the spraying to mix the wood ash solution and the cow dung uniformly. During the fermentation process, the surface part of the compost loses water more seriously, and the water in the wood ash solution can supplement the water to prevent it from hardening.

[0047] During the fermentation process of the cow dung, especially during the high-temperature stage, a large amount of organic acid is produced by the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms. If the acidification is too strong, it will inhibit the activity of thermophilic microorganisms that play a key role during the high-temperature period. Wood ash (mainly composed of potassium carbonate) is a strong alkaline substance, and spraying the wood ash solution can effectively neutralize part of the organic acid and improve or stabilize the pH value of the pile. The addition of wood ash, especially in combination with the turning operation to mix it uniformly, can introduce some small mineral particles into the pile. This helps to dilute the excessively viscous cow dung material and improve the air permeability and pore structure of the pile.

[0048] III. Treatment of the product after composting

[0049] There are still a small number of seeds with thick seed coats alive in the compost product,

[0050] The compost product that has completed the maturation in the above steps is crushed to less than 3 mm.

[0051] The fresh pond mud is exposed to sunlight until it is dry, and the shell and other impurities are removed through a 10-mesh sieve.

[0052] The treated compost product and the pond mud are mixed by stirring, and the compost product: pond mud = 7:3. The mixture is laid flat on the ground, and the thickness should be 15-20 cm. After mixing, water is sprayed to increase the overall moisture content to 45%-50%. Natural light is used for induction.

[0053] During the natural light induction, the ambient temperature is maintained at 25-35 DEG C, the relative humidity is maintained at 60-80%, and the mixture is turned over once a day. The mixture is maintained in this environment for 5-7 days, and then the mixture is placed in an oven for drying. The drying temperature is less than or equal to 50 DEG C, and the drying endpoint is set to reduce the moisture content of the mixture to less than or equal to 10%. The method of drying is to deactivate the broken husked seeds.

[0054] The broken husked seeds are then pulverized and sealed in bags to obtain the organic fertilizer. After the organic fertilizer is sealed in bags, the organic fertilizer is isolated from the external environment.

[0055] The dried mixture is re-watered to adjust the moisture content to 45-50%, and the mixture is irradiated using natural light for induction.

[0056] During the natural light induction, the ambient temperature is maintained at 25-35 DEG C, the relative humidity is maintained at 60-80%, and the mixture is turned over once a day. The mixture is maintained in this environment for 14 days, and no seed germination is observed. This indicates that the drying treatment effectively deactivates the broken husked seeds.

[0057] The organic fertilizer is sent to a third-party testing agency for testing, and the specific test results are shown in the following table.

[0058] Serial number Test item Technical index Detection method Test result 1 Appearance Uniform appearance, powdery or granular, no foul odor NY / T 525-2021 Uniform powdery, no mechanical impurities 2 Organic matter mass fraction (oven-dried basis, %) ≥30 NY / T 525-2021 43.6 3 Total nutrient mass fraction (oven-dried basis, %) ≥4.0 NY / T 525-2021 5.3 4 Nitrogen (as N, %) / NY / T 525-2021 1.7 5 Phosphorus (as P2O5, %) / NY / T2541-2014 0.8 6 Potassium (as K2O, %) / NY / T2540-2014 2.8 7 Moisture (mass fraction, %) ≤30 GB / T8576-2010 24.8 8 PH 5.5~8.5 NY / T 525-2021 7.7 9 Seed germination index (GI), % ≥70 NY / T 525-2021 72 10 Mechanical impurity mass fraction, % ≤0.5 NY / T 525-2021 0.1 11 Total arsenic (mg / kg) ≤15 NY / T 1978-2022 3.7 12 Total mercury (mg / kg) ≤2 NY / T 1978-2022 0.3 13 Total lead (mg / kg) ≤50 NY / T 1978-2022 13 14 Total cadmium (mg / kg) ≤3 NY / T 1978-2022 1.2 15 Total chromium (mg / kg) ≤150 NY / T 1978-2022 6.2 16 Fecal coliform count, pieces / g ≤100 GB / T19524.1-2004 Not detected 17 Roundworm egg mortality, % ≥95 GB / T19524.2-2004 100

[0059] It is apparent for those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, and the present application can be implemented in other concrete forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application. Thus, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended to include all changes falling within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims to which the reference signs are directed.

[0060] The above-described embodiments are merely used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than limit the technical solutions of the present application; even though the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that modifications can be made to the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent replacements can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer through fermentation of biological manure, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: (1) The compost product is obtained by fermenting cow manure separately; (2) The compost product is mixed with pond mud to obtain a mixture. The mixture is spread on the ground and water is sprayed on its surface to adjust the moisture content of the mixture to 45%~50%. The environmental conditions are adjusted to induce grass seeds to break open. (3) Place the mixture of grass seeds after shelling into an oven to dry and inactivate them. The temperature in the oven shall not exceed 50°C. Dry until the moisture content of the mixture is <10% and then terminate the treatment. (4) Crush and bag to obtain finished organic fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermentation of biological manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cow manure compost product needs to be pretreated before being mixed with the pond mud; the pretreatment of the compost product includes crushing to a particle size of <3mm; the pretreatment of the pond mud includes sun-drying and then passing it through a 10-mesh sieve to remove impurities.

3. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermentation of biological manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the compost product is mixed with pond mud, the mass ratio of the compost product to the pond mud is 7:

3.

4. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermentation of biological manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixture should be spread evenly and the environmental conditions for inducing seed germination should be natural light, with an external temperature controlled at 25-35℃ and humidity at 60%-80%; turn it over once a day for 5-7 days.

5. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermentation of biological manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation process of cow manure composting includes a heating period, a high-temperature period, and a cooling period. When the temperature of the compost pile reaches 55℃, it indicates that the compost has entered the high-temperature period. After entering the high-temperature period, the pile should be turned over once every 2-3 days. When the pile temperature is >70℃, the pile should be turned over immediately.

6. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermentation of biological manure according to claim 5, characterized in that: After the high-temperature period, when the temperature of the pile drops to 40℃, it indicates that the pile has entered the cooling period. During the cooling period, the pile is turned over once a week.

7. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermentation of biological manure according to claim 5, characterized in that: Spray a wood ash solution during the first turning of the manure pile to adjust the pH of the manure pile to 7.2-7.8 and the moisture content to 50%-60%.

8. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermentation of biological manure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The wood ash solution is prepared by mixing 3-7 kg of wood ash with 100 kg of water.

9. The method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermentation of biological manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: When starting the fermentation of cow manure, a compound microbial agent is added. The compound microbial agent used includes Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus oryzae, and actinomycetes.

10. A biological organic fertilizer made from fermented excrement, characterized in that; Organic fertilizer is prepared by any one of the methods described in claims 1 to 9.

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