Light-heat-water synergistic high-yield cultivation method for winter wheat

Abstract

The invention discloses a winter wheat light-heat-water synergetic high-yield cultivation method, and belongs to the technical field of crop planting, the method adopts synergetic configuration of wide uniform sowing and drip irrigation, the wide uniform sowing comprises uniform sowing of seedling zones and alternate arrangement of empty rows, and the drip irrigation comprises drip irrigation zones laid along the center lines of the seedling zones; the water content of the drip irrigation zone and the edge water content are controlled through drip irrigation, so that the water content of the seedling zone is gradually reduced from the drip irrigation zone to the edge direction of the seedling zones on the two sides, a drip irrigation zone-seedling zone edge water content gradient difference is formed, and the drip irrigation zone-seedling zone edge water content gradient difference is larger than or equal to 5%; according to the method, an arc-shaped canopy can be formed through induction, flag leaf shielding is reduced, three-dimensional light interception is activated, and the light energy interception rate is increased by 22-28%; the method is matched with single plant space optimization, tillering can be remarkably promoted, compared with conventional drill sowing, the yield is increased by 7%-10%, the water utilization efficiency is improved by 15%-20%, and the method is particularly suitable for water-saving and high-yield cultivation of late-sowing winter wheat.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a light-heat-water synergistic high-yield cultivation method for winter wheat. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the main production area of winter wheat, the phenomenon of late sowing (delayed by about 10 days from the suitable sowing period) of winter wheat is common due to large-scale planting, adverse weather, and planting management experience. The growth and development of winter wheat and the formation of yield are seriously affected by late sowing, and problems such as "five less and four low" (less tiller per plant, less secondary root number, less effective ear number, less grain number per ear, less biomass; low water use efficiency, low fertilizer use efficiency, low light use efficiency, and low yield potential) occur to different degrees. Wide uniform sowing is a method to increase the spatial effective occupied volume per plant, promote tillering, and increase the number of ears. At the same time, it can also optimize the canopy structure and improve the light interception and utilization efficiency. Therefore, the application of wide uniform sowing technology under late sowing conditions can to some extent alleviate the problems of insufficient tillering and low biomass caused by late sowing. Non-uniform distribution of soil water can inhibit ineffective tillering, reduce the risk of lodging, shape stratified canopy, optimize light utilization, reduce ineffective water consumption, and improve water use efficiency. It can guide the deep penetration of root system, enhance water and fertilizer absorption and stress resistance, synergistically improve water and light utilization efficiency, and achieve water-saving and high yield.

[0003] In the prior art, although wide uniform sowing can improve plant distribution, it cannot be combined with water regulation to induce plant type optimization. Although drip irrigation technology can save water, it cannot be associated with light utilization and tiller compensation, and it is difficult to synergistically improve resource utilization efficiency. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a method that can simultaneously solve the above problems under the cultivation conditions of late-sown wheat and simultaneously realize light-heat-water synergistic efficiency and tap yield potential for the sustainable development of winter wheat. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the application discloses a light-heat-water synergistic high-yield cultivation method for winter wheat.

[0005] The application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0006] A winter wheat light-heat-water synergistic high-yield cultivation method, the method adopts wide uniform sowing and drip irrigation synergistic configuration, the wide uniform sowing includes uniform sowing seedling belt and empty row alternately arranged, and the drip irrigation includes a drip irrigation belt arranged along the center line of the seedling belt; the water content of the drip irrigation belt and the edge water content are controlled, the water content in the method is the average water content of the soil layer with a depth of 0-40cm corresponding to the seedling belt; the drip irrigation belt water content is the water content at the position of the drip irrigation belt, and the edge water content is the water content at the position of the edge of the seedling belt; the drip irrigation speed is controlled so that the water content of the seedling belt gradually decreases from the drip irrigation belt to the edges of the seedling belt on both sides, forming a drip irrigation belt-seedling edge water content gradient difference, and the drip irrigation belt-seedling edge water content gradient difference is greater than or equal to 5%.

[0007] Further, the average water content within a distance of 10cm on both sides of the drip irrigation belt is 92.1%-95.3%.

[0008] Further, the average water content within a distance of 10cm on both sides of the drip irrigation belt is 92.1%-95.3%.

[0009] Further, the width of the seedling belt is 58-62cm.

[0010] Further, the width of the seedling belt is 60cm.

[0011] Further, the width of the empty row is 20cm.

[0012] Further, the control of the water content of the drip irrigation belt and the edge water content includes three stages of post-erecting control, pre-flowering control and grain filling period control.

[0013] Further, the irrigation amount of the post-erecting control in spring is 60±10mm.

[0014] Further, the irrigation amount of the pre-flowering control is 50±10mm.

[0015] Further, the irrigation amount of the grain filling period control is 40±10mm.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0017] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] Innovative synergistic mechanism: for the first time, water gradient regulation and plant type spatial differentiation are coupled, through the chain reaction of water heterogeneity-arc-shaped canopy-stereoscopic light interception, the limitations of the traditional cultivation of light, temperature and water utilization are broken through, and the light-heat-water synergistic efficiency of winter wheat is improved by 20%-30%.

[0019] Strong adaptability to late sowing: For the insufficient tillering of late-sown wheat, the single plant space and microenvironment are optimized by wide and uniform sowing, the single plant tillering is increased by 0.5-0.8, the tillering ear is increased by 20-40 thousand, and the loss of late sowing is about 5% compared with conventional strip sowing.

[0020] High resource utilization efficiency: The light interception rate is increased from <20% of the conventional to 26.8±1.5%, and the water use efficiency is increased from <1.6 kg / m 3 2.0 kg / m 3 , solving the problems of light waste and water inefficiency of traditional strip sowing.

[0021] Significant yield-increasing and water-saving effect: Through field planting verification, the average yield per mu of late-sown (7-10 days later than the conventional sowing period) wheat applying the application is increased by 7%-10% compared with the conventional 15 cm strip sowing, and 80-100 m 3 of water per mu is saved, with both economic and ecological benefits.

[0022] The method of the application induces the formation of an arc-shaped canopy with an arc height difference of ≥10 cm, reduces the shading of flag leaves and activates the three-dimensional light interception (the light interception rate is increased by 22-28%), and cooperates with single plant space optimization (expanded by 20-25%) to promote tillering (the ear number per mu is ≥500 thousand), and precise irrigation (60 mm, 50 mm, 40 mm) in the late stage of emergence to the grain filling stage. The method increases the yield by 7-10% compared with the conventional strip sowing, and the water use efficiency is increased by 15-20%, and is especially suitable for water-saving and high-yield cultivation of late-sown winter wheat. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the application, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0024] Figure 1 : The application is different from the configuration of the wheat field profile under the configuration of the different seedling belt-drip irrigation belt.

[0025] Figure 2 : The application is different from the configuration of the wheat field profile under the configuration of the different seedling belt-drip irrigation belt.

[0026] Figure 3 : The application is different from the configuration of the wheat field profile under the configuration of the different seedling belt-drip irrigation belt.

[0027] Figure 4 : The application is different from the configuration of the wheat field profile under the configuration of the different seedling belt-drip irrigation belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] For better understanding of the technical solutions of the present application, the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0029] It should be clear that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] A winter wheat light-heat-water synergistic high-yield cultivation method, the method adopts wide uniform sowing and drip irrigation synergistic configuration, the wide uniform sowing includes uniform sowing seedling belt and empty row alternately arranged, the drip irrigation includes drip irrigation belt laid along the center line of the seedling belt, as shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 ; the water content of the drip irrigation belt and the edge water content are controlled by drip irrigation, the water content in the method is the average water content of the soil layer with a depth of 0-40 cm corresponding to the seedling belt; the drip irrigation belt water content is the water content at the position of the drip irrigation belt, and the edge water content is the water content at the position of the edge of the seedling belt; the drip irrigation speed is controlled so that the water content of the seedling belt gradually decreases from the drip irrigation belt to the edges of the seedling belt on both sides, forming a drip irrigation belt-seedling belt edge water content gradient difference, the drip irrigation belt-seedling belt edge water content gradient difference is ≥5%, the drip irrigation belt position water content determination method is to take the soil within 12 cm range on both sides of the drip irrigation belt, and the edge position water content determination method is to take the soil within 12 cm range of the edge of the seedling belt.

[0032] Further, the average water content within 10 cm distance on both sides of the drip irrigation belt is 92.1%-95.3%.

[0033] Further, the average water content within 10 cm distance of the edge of the seedling belt is 69.1-76.9%.

[0034] Further, the width of the seedling belt is 58-62 cm.

[0035] Further, the width of the seedling belt is 60 cm.

[0036] Further, the width of the empty row is 20 cm.

[0037] Further, the control of the water content of the drip irrigation belt and the edge water content includes three stages of post-erecting control, pre-flowering control and grain filling period control.

[0038] Further, the irrigation amount of the post-erecting control in spring is 60±10 mm.

[0039] Further, the irrigation amount of the pre-flowering control is 50±10 mm.

[0040] Furthermore, the water volume controlled during the grouting period is 40±10mm.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] The technical details, implementation process and effects of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, experimental data and tables. All parameters involved are based on the results of a three-year (2022-2025) field trial of late-sown winter wheat.

[0043] I. Experimental Design and Technical Parameter Setting

[0044] The experiment consisted of two treatments, three replicates, and a plot area of ​​60m². 2 Field management (base fertilizer: N 150 kg / hm) 2 P2O5 120 kg / hm 2 K2O 90kg / hm 2 The treatment in this example (T) was consistent with the control treatment (CK): 60cm wide uniform seedling strips were alternately arranged with 20cm empty rows (60cm / / 20cm), and drip irrigation tape was laid along the center line of the seedling strips (buried 5cm deep). The precision irrigation schedule was: 60mm during the late tillering stage (March 25th), 50mm before flowering (April 25th), and 30mm during the grain-filling stage (May 15th).

[0045] II. Measurement and Result Analysis of Key Technical Indicators

[0046] (I) Spatial distribution characteristics of soil moisture in wheat fields under wide-span uniform sowing and drip irrigation tape configuration

[0047] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 A represents the soil moisture distribution characteristics before irrigation under two different irrigation methods. Figure 3 B and Figure 3 C represents the soil moisture distribution characteristics 24 hours after irrigation for drip irrigation (T) and conventional flood irrigation (CK) treatments, respectively; Figure 3 D and Figure 1 Soil moisture distribution characteristics 48 hours after irrigation, treated with E and CK respectively. Figure 2 A) The overall soil moisture content is low and relatively evenly distributed. 24 hours after irrigation ( Figure 3 B), the soil moisture content within 10cm of the center of the drip irrigation tape significantly increased, forming a distinct high-value zone, and water infiltrated vertically into deeper soil layers. 24 hours after flood irrigation ( Figure 3 C) The overall soil moisture content increases and is evenly distributed horizontally. 48 hours after drip irrigation ( Figure 3 D), the high-value area is still concentrated near the drip irrigation tape, but the range has shrunk slightly, and the water content has decreased to some extent. 48 hours after flood irrigation ( Figure 3E), the overall soil water content further decreased, and the uniformity was still maintained, indicating that the water was evenly distributed in the flooding irrigation. In summary, the water in the drip irrigation was concentrated and replenished quickly, while the water in the flooding irrigation was evenly distributed but lacked concentration. There were obvious differences in the water migration and consumption between the two irrigation methods. Overall, drip irrigation increased the water content in the 0-40 cm soil layer, and was better at replenishing water in the deep layer.

[0048] (II) Differences in soil water content gradient at different spatial positions in wheat fields under wide uniform sowing and drip irrigation tape configuration

[0049] Table 1 shows the distribution characteristics of soil relative water content at different times and depths after irrigation. According to Table 1, 24 hours after irrigation, the average soil water content in the 0-40 cm soil layer in the middle of the drip irrigation tape (T) was 91.1%, while the water content at both ends of the seedling belt was 76.8%, with a water content gradient difference of 5.36% (≥5%). In the conventional flooding irrigation (CK), the water content in the middle was 84.3%, while the water content at both ends was 78.3%, with a gradient difference of only 0.48%. 48 hours after irrigation, the gradient difference of T was still 4.19%, while the gradient difference of CK was -0.06%, almost no gradient. It can be seen that T forms a stable and obvious soil water content gradient in the seedling belt through precise control of drip irrigation, while CK flooding irrigation causes uniform water distribution, with no significant gradient, which lays the foundation for subsequent induction of arc-shaped canopy (T) and improvement of resource utilization efficiency. Figure 4

[0050] Table 1 shows the distribution characteristics of soil relative water content at different times and depths after irrigation. According to Table 1, 24 hours after irrigation, the average soil water content in the 0-40 cm soil layer in the middle of the drip irrigation tape (T) was 91.1%, while the water content at both ends of the seedling belt was 76.8%, with a water content gradient difference of 5.36% (≥5%). In the conventional flooding irrigation (CK), the water content in the middle was 84.3%, while the water content at both ends was 78.3%, with a gradient difference of only 0.48%. 48 hours after irrigation, the gradient difference of T was still 4.19%, while the gradient difference of CK was -0.06%, almost no gradient. It can be seen that T forms a stable and obvious soil water content gradient in the seedling belt through precise control of drip irrigation, while CK flooding irrigation causes uniform water distribution, with no significant gradient, which lays the foundation for subsequent induction of arc-shaped canopy (T) and improvement of resource utilization efficiency.

[0051]

[0052] (III) Plant height differentiation and light energy utilization of arc-shaped canopy

[0053] At the flowering stage, the plant height was measured using a laser height meter, and the light energy interception rate was measured using a photosynthetic instrument (LI-6400). The results are shown in Table 2. The plant height of T treatment conforms to the function The plant height at the center (0 cm) was 77.1 cm, while the plant height at the edge (30 cm) was 65.6 cm, with an arc height difference of 11.5 cm (≥10 cm). The plant height of CK was uniform (72.3±1.2 cm), with an arc height difference of only 0.5 cm. In terms of canopy structure, the vertical height difference of T flag leaves was 12.3 cm, the horizontal offset was 6.5 cm, and the leaf overlap rate was 13.2% (24.3 percentage points lower than that of CK). The light energy interception rate was 26.8% (22.1% higher than that of CK), and the light energy contribution rates of the second and third leaves were 18.2% and 10.5% (CK was only 15.1% and 8.3%), respectively, indicating that the arc-shaped canopy activates three-dimensional light interception and improves the light energy interception rate by 22-28%.

[0054] Table 2 shows the plant height and light energy utilization characteristics of different treatments at the flowering stage

[0055] ​

[0056] (iv) Tillering compensation effect of uniform sowing in wide range

[0057] As shown in Table 3, the growth space of single plant of treatment (T) was 45.2±2.3 cm 2 , which was significantly larger than that of the conventional control (CK) 36.1±1.8 cm 2 , and the light intensity of tillering node was 25.3±1.5 klx and the ground temperature was 12.8±0.3℃, both of which were better than those of CK. When the sowing period was delayed by 10 days (belonging to the range of 7±3 days of suitable sowing period delay), the effective tiller of single plant of T was 1.9±0.1 and the ear number per mu was 63.3±2.1 ten thousand, which were improved compared with 1.7±0.1 and 61.7±1.8 ten thousand of CK, verifying that uniform sowing in wide range promotes tillering of late-sown wheat by optimizing the microenvironment of single plant, makes up for the problem of insufficient tillering caused by late sowing, and meets the core goal of the application to alleviate the five shortages of late sowing.

[0058] Table 3 Tillering and population characteristics of different treatments

[0059]

[0060] Note: The effective light receiving area of single plant crown layer was measured by ImageJ software analysis of the top view photo of the crown layer, and the area with PAR>500 μmol / m 2 ·s was selected as the effective light receiving area, and each plant was repeatedly measured 3 times to take the average value; the increase was calculated as (T-CK) / CK×100%.

[0061] (v) Yield and resource use efficiency of precise irrigation

[0062] The yield at maturity and resource efficiency were calculated, and the results are shown in Table 4. The average yield per mu of T treatment was 589.3 kg (increased by 6.9% compared with 551.2 kg of CK, 7.8% of 4 plots in 3 years on average, which met the yield increase of 7-10%), and the thousand-grain weight was 43.1 g (increased by 5.1% compared with CK, which met the increase of 5% or more of thousand-grain weight); the yield increase was due to precise irrigation: irrigation at the post-erecting stage promoted tillering and earing, irrigation before flowering ensured pollen development, and irrigation at the grain filling stage promoted photosynthetic product transportation, while maintaining stable water gradient, so that the light energy contribution rate of the second and third leaves was improved. In terms of resource efficiency, the total irrigation amount of T was 150 mm (CK was 180 mm, water saving was 16.7%, which met the water saving of 10-15%), the water use efficiency was 1.92 kg / m 3 (17.8% higher than 1.63 kg / m 3 of CK, which matched the water use efficiency increase of 15-20%), proving that precise irrigation realized the synergy of "high yield + water saving".

[0063] Table 4 Yield and resource use efficiency of different treatments

[0064]

[0065] Embodiment 3

[0066] A winter wheat light-temperature-water synergistic high-yield cultivation method is characterized in that: a wide uniform sowing and drip irrigation is cooperatively arranged, specifically, 60cm wide seedling strips and 20cm wide empty rows are alternately arranged, and a drip irrigation belt is laid along the middle line of the seedling strip, forming a soil moisture gradient of sufficient central water supply and moderate drought on both sides (within 24h after irrigation, the water content of 0-40cm soil layer at the drip irrigation belt is 24.4-25.7%, and the water content of 0-40cm soil layer at the edge of the seedling strip is 18.3-20.6%, and the gradient difference is ≥5 percentage points); through the water gradient, an arc-shaped canopy is induced to form in the seedling strip, and precise irrigation is carried out in the late stage of emergence, before flowering and in the grain filling period, so as to realize the synergistic and efficient utilization of light, temperature and water resources of late-sown winter wheat.

[0067] The arc-shaped canopy is formed by spatial differentiation of plant height, and the plant height distribution satisfies the function (R2=0.86). Among them, H is the plant height (unit: cm) of wheat at a distance L from the drip irrigation belt; Hmax is the plant height (unit: cm) at the middle drip irrigation belt (L=0) of the seedling strip (the plant height is the highest at this position); μ is the distance corresponding to Hmax (since the plant height is symmetrical about L=0, μ=0); σ is the water diffusion coefficient (reflecting the dispersion degree of water migration to both sides); and Hmin is the minimum plant height at the farthest position (L=30) from the drip irrigation belt. The arc height difference is ≥10cm; the arc-shaped canopy makes the vertical height difference of flag leaves 10-15cm, the horizontal offset 5-8cm, the average overlap rate of flag leaves, the second and the third leaves from the bottom reduced by 12-15%, and the light energy interception rate increased by 22-28% compared with conventional 15cm strip sowing.

[0068] The wide uniform sowing arrangement makes the horizontal growth space of single plant expanded by 20-25%, the light intensity at the tillering node increased by 10-25%, and the suitable sowing period delayed by 7 days±3 days. Compared with conventional strip sowing wheat in the suitable sowing period, the number of effective tillers per plant is increased by 0.5-0.8, and the number of tiller ears is increased by 20-40 thousand, which makes up for the loss of about 5% caused by late sowing compared with conventional strip sowing.

[0069] The precise irrigation scheme is: after sowing in winter with sufficient soil moisture, 60±10mm of water is irrigated in the late stage of emergence in spring (March 25±5 days), 50±10mm of water is irrigated before flowering (April 25±5 days), and 40±10mm of water is irrigated in the grain filling period (May 15±5 days); the scheme maintains the stability of the water gradient, makes the light energy contribution rates of the second and the third leaves from the bottom increased by 12-18% compared with conventional strip sowing, the thousand-grain weight increased by more than 5%, and the yield increased by 7-10%.

[0070] The above has carried out the detailed introduction to the embodiment of the application, the principle and implementation mode of the application have been described by applying specific examples in this paper, the above embodiment description is only used for helping understanding the method of the application and its core idea; at the same time, for the general technical personnel in the art, according to the idea of the application, there will be changes in specific implementation mode and application range, and the above is described, the content of the specification should not be understood as the limitation of the application.

Claims

1. A light-heat-water synergistic high-yield cultivation method for winter wheat, characterized by, The method adopts wide uniform sowing and drip irrigation cooperative configuration, the wide uniform sowing includes uniform sowing seedling belt and empty row alternately arranged, the drip irrigation includes drip irrigation belt along the middle line of the seedling belt; the water content of the drip irrigation belt and the edge water content are controlled by drip irrigation, the water content in the method is the average water content of the soil layer with a depth of 0-40 cm corresponding to the seedling belt; the drip irrigation belt water content is the water content at the position of the drip irrigation belt, the edge water content is the water content at the position of the edge of the seedling belt; the drip irrigation speed is controlled, so that the water content of the seedling belt gradually decreases from the drip irrigation belt to the edge of the seedling belt on both sides, forming a drip irrigation belt-seedling belt edge water content gradient difference, the drip irrigation belt-seedling belt edge water content gradient difference is greater than or equal to 5%.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The average water content within 10 cm distance on both sides of the drip irrigation belt is 92.1%-95.3%.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The average water content within 10 cm distance on the edge of the seedling belt is 69.1-76.9%.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The width of the seedling belt is 58-62 cm.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The width of the seedling belt is 60 cm.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The width of the empty row is 20 cm.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, The control of the water content of the drip irrigation belt and the edge water content includes three stages of post-erecting period control, pre-flowering control and grain filling period control of winter wheat.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, The irrigation amount of the post-erecting period control in spring is 60±10 mm.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein, The irrigation amount of the pre-flowering control is 50±10 mm.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein, The irrigation amount of the grain filling period control is 40±10 mm.

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