Tubular reactor

Abstract

The tubular reactor provided by the invention comprises a reactor body, the tube body assembly is located in the reactor body and comprises a tube nest and a sleeve which are arranged in a matched mode, the tube nest is used for installing an oxygen carrier, the sleeve is arranged on the tube nest in a sleeving mode, and open holes are formed in the tube nest; the sealing assembly comprises a first sealing structure and a second sealing structure; the first sealing structure and the second sealing structure are arranged in the reactor body and are in sealing connection with the inner side wall of the corresponding position of the reactor body; the tube nest and the sleeve respectively penetrate through the first sealing structure and the second sealing structure; a gas inlet and a gas outlet are respectively formed in two ends of the reactor body, two ends of the tube nest are respectively communicated with the gas inlet and the gas outlet, and the top end of the sleeve is communicated with the gas outlet device; a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are further formed in the side surfaces of the two ends of the reactor body and are positioned between the first sealing structure and the second sealing structure. The direct heat exchange between a coolant and an oxygen carrier can be avoided, so that the influence on the temperature of the oxygen carrier is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of hydrogen production, in particular to a tube reactor. BACKGROUND

[0002] Chemical looping reaction hydrogen production technology is a relatively new technology, which is basically divided into three schemes, fixed bed hydrogen production, moving bed hydrogen production and fluidized bed hydrogen production. The basic principle is generally that the reactor is arranged axially from top to bottom, the oxygen carrier flows to the lower end of the reactor by gravity, and the oxygen carrier is lifted back to the upper part of the reactor by gas. The existing several schemes have the problem that in the oxidation reactor, air is generally used as the oxidant. Since the oxidation reaction is a strong exothermic reaction, the reaction temperature of the oxidation reactor is very high, and the oxygen carrier and air are heated to a very high temperature at the same time. The heat of the oxygen carrier can be brought into the reduction reaction to supply heat for the reduction reaction; but the air, especially the oxygen-poor air after the reaction, is generally directly discharged into the atmosphere, and its heat cannot be well recovered, or a separate heat exchanger or other device needs to be added to recover the heat, causing increased energy consumption and cost.

[0003] The traditional tube reactor generally fills the oxygen carrier in the tube and water or other coolants in the shell. Although this can utilize the heat generated by the oxidation reaction, the problem is that the absorbed heat is not easy to control, which can cause the temperature of the oxygen carrier to decrease, and if the temperature is too low, it will affect the next reduction reaction. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a tube reactor which can avoid direct heat exchange between the coolant and the oxygen carrier, thereby reducing the influence on the temperature of the oxygen carrier.

[0005] The embodiments of the present application are implemented as follows: The present embodiment discloses a tube reactor, comprising: a reactor body; a tube assembly located in the reactor body, and comprising a tube and a sleeve matched and arranged, the inside of the tube being used for installing an oxygen carrier, the sleeve being sleeved on the corresponding tube, and the outer side wall of the tube being provided with an opening; a sealing assembly comprising a first sealing structure and a second sealing structure; the first sealing structure and the second sealing structure are oppositely arranged in the reactor body and are respectively sealingly connected with the inner side walls of the corresponding positions of the reactor body; the two ends of the tube and the sleeve respectively penetrate the first sealing structure and the second sealing structure; The reactor body is provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet at two ends respectively, the two ends of the tube are communicated with the gas inlet and the gas outlet respectively, and the top end of the sleeve is communicated with the gas outlet; the side surface of the two ends of the reactor body is further provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are located between the first sealing structure and the second sealing structure.

[0006] In some embodiments, the first range area of the upper part of the tube is not provided with the opening, and the second range area of the lower part of the tube is provided with the opening; the ratio of the first range area to the total length of the tube is a first set range value, the ratio of the second range area to the total length of the tube is a second set range value, and the sum of the first set range value and the second set range value is one.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first set range value is one fifth to one third, and the second set range value is two thirds to four fifths. In some embodiments, the reactor further comprises: an upper tube box and a lower tube box, which are respectively arranged at the upper and lower ends of the reactor body and are connected by a fixing piece, the upper tube box is provided with the gas outlet, and the lower tube box is provided with the gas outlet. In some embodiments, the flow direction of the gas input into the tube is from bottom to top, and the flow direction of the liquid input into the reactor body is from top to bottom or from bottom to top. In some embodiments, the tube and the sleeve are provided in plurality and are arranged at equal angles along the circumferential direction of the reactor body.

[0008] In some embodiments, the inside of the reactor body is further provided with a plurality of pull rods and baffles, and the pull rods and the baffles are located between the first sealing structure and the second sealing structure; the pull rod between each sleeve and the inner side wall of the reactor body is connected with the sleeve and the inner side wall of the reactor body through the baffle.

[0009] In some embodiments, the inside of the top end of the reactor body is further provided with a fixed plate, the top end of the tube penetrates through the first sealing structure and is connected with the fixed plate; the fixed plate, the first sealing structure and the inner side wall of the reactor body form an air cavity, the top end of the sleeve is communicated with the air cavity, and the side wall of the reactor body is further provided with an exhaust hole communicated with the air cavity.

[0010] In some embodiments, the fixed-bed reactor is provided with a support layer formed by laying magnetic beads in the bottom of the upper tube box, and the upper tube box is further provided with a gas distributor, the top end of which extends into the support layer and communicates with the bottom end of the tubes.

[0011] In some embodiments, the moving-bed reactor is provided with a support layer formed by laying magnetic beads in the bottom of the upper tube box, and the upper tube box is further provided with a gas distributor, the top end of which extends into the support layer and communicates with the bottom end of the tubes.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present application are as follows: The interior of the reactor body is sealed to form a cooling cavity by the first and second sealing structures, the tubes and the sleeves are located in the interior of the reactor body and immersed in the coolant in the cooling cavity, the tubes and the sleeves are provided in plurality and arranged at equal angles along the circumferential direction of the reactor body. Air is injected into the interior of the tubes from the air inlet downwardly and upwardly, and the air is discharged through the air outlet after fully reacting with the oxygen carriers in the interior of the tubes. Meanwhile, the first and second sealing structures can isolate the two ends of the tubes and the sleeves from the cooling cavity, so as to avoid the immersion of the coolant into the interior of the tubes and the sleeves. During the reaction, the coolant is injected into the cooling cavity through the liquid inlet and discharged through the liquid outlet, and the coolant directly contacts the outer surface of the sleeves, thereby exchanging heat with the space between the sleeves and the tubes, and indirectly exchanging heat with the oxygen carriers, so as to reduce the influence on the temperature of the oxygen carriers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0014] Figure 1 The fixed-bed reactor of the present application is as follows: Figure 2 The moving-bed reactor of the present application is as follows:

[0015] The fixed-bed reactor of the present application is as follows: DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0017] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but only represents selected embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0018] It should be noted that: similar reference numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0019] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship when the product of the present application is usually placed, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like are only used for differentiation and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0020] In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not mean that the components must be absolutely horizontal or vertical, but can be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is relatively more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined.

[0021] In the description of the present application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "arrangement", "installation", "connection", "connection" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0022] Chemical looping hydrogen production technology is a relatively new technology, which is basically divided into three schemes: fixed bed hydrogen production, moving bed hydrogen production and fluidized bed hydrogen production. The basic principle is generally that the reactors are arranged axially from top to bottom, the oxygen carrier flows to the lower end of the reactor by gravity, and the oxygen carrier is lifted back to the upper part of the reactor by gas. The existing several schemes have the problem that in the oxidation reactor, air is generally used as the oxidant. Since the oxidation reaction is a strong exothermic reaction, the reaction temperature of the oxidation reactor is very high, and the oxygen carrier and air are heated to a very high temperature at the same time. The heat of the oxygen carrier can be brought into the reduction reaction to supply heat for the reduction reaction; but the air, especially the oxygen-poor air after the reaction, is generally directly discharged into the atmosphere, and its heat cannot be well recovered, or a separate heat exchanger or other equipment needs to be added to recover its heat, causing increased energy consumption and cost.

[0023] The traditional shell-and-tube reactor generally fills the oxygen carrier in the tube side and water or other coolants in the shell side. Although this can utilize the heat generated by the oxidation reaction to absorb the heat, the coolant (such as cooling water) directly exchanges heat with the pipes where the oxygen carrier is located, which can cause the temperature of the oxygen carrier to decrease, and if the temperature is too low, it can affect the next reduction reaction.

[0024] With reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the shell-and-tube reactor of the embodiment includes a reactor body 1, a tube assembly and a sealing assembly. The tube assembly is located in the reactor body 1 and includes matched tubes 2 and sleeves 3. The inside of the tube 2 is used to install the oxygen carrier, and the sleeve 3 is sleeved on the corresponding tube 2. The outer side wall of the tube 2 is provided with an opening, and the sealing assembly includes a first sealing structure 4 and a second sealing structure 5. The first sealing structure 4 and the second sealing structure 5 are oppositely arranged in the reactor body 1 and are respectively sealingly connected with the inner side walls of the corresponding positions of the reactor body 1. The two ends of the tube 2 and the sleeve 3 respectively penetrate the first sealing structure 4 and the second sealing structure 5. The two ends of the reactor body 1 are respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the two ends of the tube 2 are respectively communicated with the air inlet and the air outlet. The top end of the sleeve 3 is communicated with the air outlet. The side surface of the two ends of the reactor body 1 is further provided with a liquid inlet 6 and a liquid outlet 7, and the liquid inlet 6 and the liquid outlet 7 are located between the first sealing structure 4 and the second sealing structure 5.

[0025] In combination with the above embodiments, the interior of the reactor body 1 is sealed by the first sealing structure 4 and the second sealing structure 5 to form a cooling cavity, the array tube 2 and the sleeve tube 3 are simultaneously located in the interior of the reactor body 1 and immersed in the coolant of the cooling cavity, the array tube 2 and the sleeve tube 3 are provided in plurality and arranged at equal angles along the circumferential direction of the reactor body. Air is injected into the interior of the array tube 2 from the gas inlet downwardly and upwardly, the air is fully reacted with the oxygen carrier in the interior of the array tube 2 and then discharged through the gas outlet, meanwhile, the first sealing structure 4 and the second sealing structure 5 can isolate the two ends of the array tube 2 and the sleeve tube 3 from the cooling cavity, thereby avoiding the immersion of the coolant into the interior of the array tube 2 and the sleeve tube 3. During the reaction process, the coolant is injected into the cooling cavity through the liquid inlet 6 and discharged through the liquid outlet 7, the coolant directly contacts the outer surface of the sleeve tube 3, thereby exchanging heat with the space between the sleeve tube 3 and the array tube 2, and further indirectly exchanging heat with the oxygen carrier, so as to reduce the influence on the temperature of the oxygen carrier.

[0026] Further, the reactor further comprises: an upper tube box 8 and a lower tube box 9, the upper tube box 8 and the lower tube box 9 are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the reactor body and connected by the fixing member 15, the upper tube box 8 has a gas outlet, and the lower tube box 9 has a gas outlet. The side surface of the reactor body 1 is further provided with an ear seat 16, and the ear seat 16 can realize the fixation and installation of the reactor body 1.

[0027] Further, the flow direction of the gas injected into the array tube 2 is opposite to the sinking trend direction of the oxygen carrier, that is, the bottom of the reactor body 1 is the gas inlet and the top is the gas outlet. The flow direction of the coolant can be the same as that of the air or opposite to that of the air.

[0028] In some embodiments, the array tube 2 is not provided with openings in the upper first range area, and is provided with openings in the lower second range area; the first range area accounts for a first set range value of the total length of the array tube 2, the second range area accounts for a second set range value of the total length of the array tube 2, and the sum of the first set range value and the second set range value is one. Air enters the array tube 2 from the lower part, contacts the oxygen carrier in the reverse direction and performs oxidation reaction, and the oxygen-poor air after the reaction can escape into the sleeve tube 3 through the openings of the array tube 2, and then be discharged from the upper opening of the sleeve tube 3. The first set range value is one fifth to one third, and the second set range value is two thirds to four fifths, that is, the upper quarter of the array tube 2 is not provided with openings, and the lower three quarters are provided with openings, so that the oxygen-poor air after the reaction can escape, and at the same time, the complete particles of the oxygen carrier cannot be taken out. Preferably, the first set range value is one fourth, and the second set range value is three fourths.

[0029] In some embodiments, the interior of the reactor body 1 is further provided with a plurality of pull rods 10 and baffles 11, which are located between the first sealing structure 4 and the second sealing structure 5; each of the pull rods 10 is arranged between the sleeve 3 and the inner side wall of the reactor body 1, and the pull rod 10 is connected with the sleeve 3 and the inner side wall of the reactor body 1 through the baffle 11, thereby increasing the structural strength of the tube row 2 and the sleeve 3.

[0030] In some embodiments, the interior of the top end of the reactor body 1 is further provided with a fixed plate 12, the top end of the tube row 2 penetrates the first sealing structure 4 and is connected with the fixed plate 12; the fixed plate 12, the first sealing structure 4 and the inner side wall of the reactor body 1 form a gas cavity, the top end of the sleeve 3 is communicated with the gas cavity, and the side wall of the reactor body 1 is further provided with an exhaust hole communicated with the gas cavity. The gas in the tube row 2 is discharged through the opening at the top of the upper tube box 8, and the gas in the sleeve 3 is discharged into the gas cavity and then discharged through the exhaust hole.

[0031] In some embodiments, the tube row 2 type reactor is a fixed bed type reactor, the bottom of the upper tube box 8 is provided with a support layer 13 formed by laying magnetic beads, which is used to carry the oxygen carrier bed layer, and the design can realize seamless connection of the oxygen carrier in the lower tube box 9 and the oxygen carrier in the tube row 2, thereby ensuring the continuity of the flow of the reaction medium. The bottom of the upper tube box 8 is further provided with a gas distributor 14, the top end of the gas distributor 14 extends into the support layer 13 and is communicated with the bottom end of the tube row 2, thereby realizing uniform distribution of the fluid in the gas inlet, and simultaneously serving as a mechanical barrier to prevent the magnetic balls from falling into the pipeline system, and ensuring stable transmission of the gas-solid two-phase flow.

[0032] In some embodiments, the tube row 2 type reactor is a moving bed type reactor, and the flow direction of the gas input into the tube row 2 is opposite to the sinking trend direction of the oxygen carrier.

[0033] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A shell-and-tube reactor, characterized by, The reactor comprises: a reactor body; a tube assembly arranged in the reactor body, and comprising a plurality of tubes and a plurality of sleeves, the tubes are arranged in pairs and the interiors of the tubes are used for mounting oxygen carriers, the sleeves are arranged on the corresponding tubes, and the outer walls of the tubes are provided with openings; a sealing assembly comprising a first sealing structure and a second sealing structure, the first sealing structure and the second sealing structure are arranged in the reactor body in opposition to each other, and are respectively sealingly connected to the inner walls of the corresponding positions of the reactor body, the two ends of the tubes and the sleeves respectively penetrate the first sealing structure and the second sealing structure; the two ends of the reactor body are respectively provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet, the two ends of the tubes are respectively in communication with the gas inlet and the gas outlet, and the top ends of the sleeves are in communication with the gas outlet, the side surfaces of the two ends of the reactor body are further provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are located between the first sealing structure and the second sealing structure.

2. The shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper first range area of the tubes is not provided with the openings, and the lower second range area of the tubes is provided with the openings, the first range area accounts for a first set range value of the total length of the tubes, the second range area accounts for a second set range value of the total length of the tubes, and the sum of the first set range value and the second set range value is one.

3. The shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that the second set range value, the number of the openings, the flow rate and the flow of the gas input into the gas inlet are positively correlated, the first set range value is one fifth to one third, and the second set range value is two thirds to four fifths.

4. The shell-and-tube reactor of claim 1, wherein, the reactor further comprises an upper tube box and a lower tube box, the upper tube box and the lower tube box are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the reactor body and are connected by a fixing member, the upper tube box is provided with the gas outlet, and the lower tube box is provided with the gas outlet.

5. The shell-and-tube reactor of claim 1, wherein, the flow direction of the gas input into the tubes is from bottom to top, and the flow direction of the liquid input into the reactor body is from top to bottom or from bottom to top.

6. The shell-and-tube reactor of claim 1, wherein, the tubes and the sleeves are arranged in equal angles along the circumferential direction of the reactor body.

7. The shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that the interior of the reactor body is further provided with a plurality of pull rods and baffles, the pull rods and the baffles are located between the first sealing structure and the second sealing structure, the pull rod between each sleeve and the inner wall of the reactor body is connected to the sleeve and the inner wall of the reactor body through the baffle.

8. The shell-and-tube reactor of claim 1, wherein, the interior of the top end of the reactor body is further provided with a fixing plate, the top end of the tube penetrates the first sealing structure and is connected to the fixing plate, the fixing plate, the first sealing structure and the inner wall of the reactor body form an air cavity, the top end of the sleeve is in communication with the air cavity, and the side wall of the reactor body is further provided with an exhaust hole in communication with the air cavity.

9. The shell-and-tube reactor of claim 4, wherein, The column-tube reactor is a fixed bed reactor, a support layer formed by laying magnetic beads is arranged in the bottom of the upper tube box, and a gas distributor is further arranged in the bottom of the upper tube box, the top end of the gas distributor extends into the support layer and communicates with the bottom end of the column tube.

10. The shell-and-tube reactor of claim 4, wherein, The column-tube reactor is a moving bed reactor, and the flow direction of the gas input into the column tube is opposite to the sinking trend direction of the oxygen carrier.

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