Ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system and operation method based on flameless combustion decomposition of ammonia

Abstract

This invention relates to the technical field of ammonia-hydrogen engines. It discloses an ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system and its operating method based on flameless combustion and decomposition of ammonia. The ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system includes a liquid ammonia source, an air source, a liquid ammonia vaporizer, a flameless combustion furnace, a gas mixer, an ammonia decomposer, and an ammonia-hydrogen engine. This invention provides the heat for ammonia vaporization and decomposition through flameless combustion of ammonia, uses air as the heat transfer medium for the latent heat of liquid ammonia vaporization, and cools the air through the heat absorption of liquid ammonia vaporization to form high-density air. This simplifies the system piping, improves thermal efficiency, and allows for dynamic adjustment according to the operating conditions of the ammonia-hydrogen engine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of ammonia-hydrogen engines, and particularly to an ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system and its operation method that utilizes flameless combustion and decomposition of ammonia. Background Technology

[0002] Ammonia, as a clean fuel, is considered key to the future energy transition because it does not produce carbon dioxide during combustion and has high energy density and good storage and transportation characteristics. To reduce the environmental impact of engines, ammonia-hydrogen engines have been developed by utilizing the combustion characteristics of ammonia and hydrogen, truly achieving efficient, clean, and zero-carbon combustion engines.

[0003] Traditional ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine systems typically require a multi-stage heat exchanger structure to achieve online ammonia decomposition for hydrogen production. This involves separate catalytic decomposition heat exchangers and intercoolers, resulting in redundant piping, increased heat loss, delayed response, and higher costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system and operating method for flameless combustion decomposition of ammonia, in order to solve one or more technical problems existing in the prior art, and at least provide a beneficial option or create conditions.

[0005] The technical solution adopted to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows:

[0006] This invention provides an ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system based on flameless combustion decomposition of ammonia, comprising:

[0007] A liquid ammonia source, used to supply liquid ammonia;

[0008] An air source, used to supply air;

[0009] The liquid ammonia vaporizer is provided with an air heat exchange channel and a liquid ammonia vaporization channel with a heat exchange relationship between the two walls, and the inlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel is connected to the liquid ammonia source;

[0010] A flameless combustion furnace includes a furnace body and an ignition assembly. The furnace body is provided with a combustion chamber and a preheating and cooling chamber with a heat exchange relationship between the walls. The ignition assembly is used to ignite the mixed combustion gas in the combustion chamber. An air source is connected to the inlet of the preheating and cooling chamber and the combustion chamber, respectively. The outlet of the preheating and cooling chamber is connected to the inlet of the air heat exchange channel. The combustion chamber is connected to the outlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel.

[0011] A gas mixer is provided with a gas mixing chamber, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the combustion chamber and the outlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel, respectively.

[0012] An ammonia decomposer is provided with an ammonia decomposition chamber, which is loaded with an ammonia decomposition catalyst, and the inlet of the ammonia decomposition chamber is connected to the outlet of the gas mixing chamber.

[0013] The ammonia-hydrogen engine is equipped with a gas injection assembly and a liquid ammonia injection assembly. The gas injection assembly is connected to the outlet of the ammonia decomposition chamber and the outlet of the air heat exchange channel, respectively, and the liquid ammonia injection assembly is connected to the liquid ammonia source.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system of the present invention are:

[0015] This invention, based on the operating conditions of an ammonia-hydrogen engine, proportionally controls the diversion of liquid ammonia to the liquid ammonia injection assembly and the liquid ammonia vaporization channel. A portion of the liquid ammonia absorbs heat and vaporizes into ammonia gas through the vaporization channel, while the remaining liquid ammonia is injected into the ammonia-hydrogen engine through the injection assembly for combustion and power generation. Furthermore, the ammonia gas generated in the vaporization channel is proportionally diverted to the combustion chamber and the gas mixing chamber. The ammonia gas entering the combustion chamber serves as the main fuel for flameless combustion, while the ammonia gas entering the gas mixing chamber serves as the heat balance medium. Simultaneously, proportionally, air is diverted to the combustion chamber and the preheating / cooling chamber. A portion of the air absorbs heat in the preheating / cooling chamber and then enters the air heat exchange channel to transfer heat to the liquid ammonia in the vaporization channel, cooling the air to a high-density temperature before it is input into the ammonia-hydrogen engine. The remaining air mixes with the ammonia gas in the combustion chamber. Flameless combustion heats the air in the preheating and cooling chamber, thereby cooling the walls of the combustion chamber to prevent overheating and providing a heat source for liquid ammonia vaporization. This eliminates the need for an electric heater and a separate intercooler system, solving the reliance on a cooling source and the volume bottleneck of traditional solutions. The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by combustion is transported to the gas mixing chamber and mixed with ammonia to form a gas mixture to be decomposed. The gas mixture to be decomposed is controlled at the temperature required for ammonia decomposition through the principle of thermal balance, which meets the upper limit of the activity window of the ammonia decomposition catalyst. This ensures ammonia decomposition efficiency and avoids the risk of catalyst thermal sintering. Then, the gas mixture to be decomposed is controlled to be input into the ammonia decomposition chamber, where ammonia cracking reaction occurs under the action of the ammonia decomposition catalyst to produce a hydrogen-rich gas mixture. The hydrogen-rich gas mixture and cooled high-density air are input into the engine combustion chamber for combustion support to achieve ammonia-hydrogen fusion combustion. This invention provides the heat for ammonia vaporization and decomposition through flameless combustion of ammonia, uses air as the heat transfer medium for the latent heat of liquid ammonia vaporization, and cools the air through the heat absorption of liquid ammonia vaporization to form high-density air. This simplifies the system piping, improves thermal efficiency, and allows for dynamic adjustment according to the operating conditions of the ammonia-hydrogen engine.

[0016] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, a storage buffer container is also included, the inlet of which is connected to the ammonia decomposition chamber, and the outlet of which is connected to the gas injection assembly.

[0017] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, a first electrically controlled valve is installed at the inlet of the storage buffer container. The first electrically controlled valve is configured to regulate the flow rate of the hydrogen-rich mixed gas supplied from the ammonia decomposition chamber to the storage buffer container. A second electrically controlled valve is installed at the outlet of the storage buffer container. The second electrically controlled valve is configured to regulate the flow rate of the hydrogen-rich mixed gas supplied from the storage buffer container to the gas injection assembly.

[0018] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, a third electrically controlled valve is installed between the combustion chamber and the outlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel, and a fourth electrically controlled valve is installed between the inlet of the gas mixing chamber and the outlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel. The fourth electrically controlled valve is configured to regulate the flow rate of ammonia gas supplied from the liquid ammonia vaporization channel to the gas mixing chamber, and the third electrically controlled valve is configured to regulate the flow rate of ammonia gas supplied from the liquid ammonia vaporization channel to the combustion chamber, so as to regulate the ratio of ammonia gas diverted to the gas mixing chamber and the combustion chamber.

[0019] A pressure reducing valve is installed between the inlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel and the liquid ammonia source.

[0020] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, a fifth electrically controlled valve is installed between the air source and the inlet of the preheating and cooling chamber, and a sixth electrically controlled valve is connected between the air source and the combustion chamber. The fifth electrically controlled valve is configured to regulate the flow rate of the air supplied to the preheating and cooling chamber, and the sixth electrically controlled valve is configured to regulate the flow rate of the air supplied to the combustion chamber, so as to regulate the air ratio split between the preheating and cooling chamber and the combustion chamber.

[0021] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, a proportional valve is installed between the liquid ammonia injection assembly and the liquid ammonia source. The proportional valve is used to adjust the flow rate of liquid ammonia supplied to the liquid ammonia injection assembly, so as to adjust the liquid ammonia ratio between the liquid ammonia injection assembly and the liquid ammonia vaporization channel.

[0022] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the ignition assembly includes an inductor coil, which is wound around the outer periphery of the combustion chamber, and the cavity wall of the combustion chamber wound by the inductor coil is a metal component.

[0023] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the preheating and cooling chamber is wrapped around the outer periphery of the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is provided with an ammonia nozzle and an air nozzle arranged opposite each other along the axial direction of the combustion chamber. The ammonia nozzle is connected to the outlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel, and the air nozzle is connected to the air source.

[0024] Furthermore, the present invention also proposes an operation method for an ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system, applicable to the aforementioned ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system, the operation method comprising:

[0025] Obtain the operating conditions of the ammonia-hydrogen engine;

[0026] According to the first preset ratio, liquid ammonia is diverted to the liquid ammonia injection assembly and the liquid ammonia vaporization channel. A portion of the liquid ammonia is vaporized into ammonia gas by absorbing heat through the liquid ammonia vaporization channel, and the other portion of the liquid ammonia is injected into the ammonia-hydrogen engine through the liquid ammonia injection assembly to burn and do work.

[0027] Ammonia gas is diverted to the combustion chamber and the gas mixing chamber according to a second preset ratio;

[0028] According to the third preset ratio, the air is controlled to be diverted to the combustion chamber and the preheating and cooling chamber. A portion of the air absorbs heat in the preheating and cooling chamber and then enters the air heat exchange channel to release heat and cool down to the first preset temperature. Then it is input to the ammonia-hydrogen engine. Another portion of the air mixes with ammonia in the combustion chamber for flameless combustion, which heats the air in the preheating and cooling chamber. The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by combustion is sent to the gas mixing chamber and mixes with ammonia to form a mixed gas to be decomposed at the second preset temperature.

[0029] The mixed gas to be decomposed is controlled to be input into the ammonia decomposition chamber to carry out the ammonia decomposition reaction, so as to produce a hydrogen-rich mixed gas, which is then input into the ammonia-hydrogen engine to achieve ammonia-hydrogen fusion combustion.

[0030] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system also includes a storage buffer container, the inlet of which is connected to the ammonia decomposition chamber, and the outlet of which is connected to the gas injection assembly; the ignition assembly includes an inductor coil, which is wound around the outer periphery of the combustion chamber, and the wall of the combustion chamber wound by the inductor coil is a metal component.

[0031] The operating method further includes:

[0032] The hydrogen-rich gas mixture is controlled to be transported and stored in the storage buffer container;

[0033] When the ammonia-hydrogen engine is in the starting condition, the inductor coil is activated to heat the wall of the combustion chamber in order to ignite the ammonia gas in the combustion chamber.

[0034] The hydrogen-rich mixture in the storage buffer container is controlled to be input into the ammonia-hydrogen engine to cooperate with the liquid ammonia injected by the liquid ammonia injection assembly for combustion, thereby starting the ammonia-hydrogen engine.

[0035] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0036] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments;

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system provided by the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a control flowchart of an embodiment of the operating method provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a control flowchart of the startup process of an embodiment of the operating method provided by the present invention;

[0040] Icon labels:

[0041] Liquid ammonia source 100; proportional valve 110;

[0042] Air source 200; Fifth solenoid valve 210; Sixth solenoid valve 220;

[0043] Liquid ammonia vaporizer 300; air heat exchange channel 310; liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320; third solenoid valve 321; fourth solenoid valve 322; pressure reducing valve 323;

[0044] Flameless combustion furnace 400; combustion chamber 410; preheating and cooling chamber 420; inductor coil 430;

[0045] Gas mixer 500; Gas mixing chamber 510;

[0046] Ammonia decomposer 600; ammonia decomposition chamber 610; ammonia decomposition catalyst 620;

[0047] Ammonia-hydrogen engine 700; gas injection assembly 710; liquid ammonia injection assembly 720;

[0048] Storage buffer container 800; first electrically controlled valve 810; second electrically controlled valve 820;

[0049] SCR reactor 900. Detailed Implementation

[0050] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0051] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0052] In the description of this invention, "multiple" refers to two or more. The use of "first" and "second" is for distinguishing technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or their sequential relationship.

[0053] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set up," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0054] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.

[0055] Traditional ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine systems typically require a multi-stage heat exchanger structure to achieve online ammonia decomposition for hydrogen production. This necessitates the separate installation of a catalytic decomposition heat exchanger and intercooler, leading to redundant piping, increased heat loss, delayed response, and higher costs. Therefore, this invention proposes an ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system based on flameless combustion decomposition of ammonia to address these issues.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, the ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system of the present invention includes a liquid ammonia source 100, an air source 200, a liquid ammonia vaporizer 300, a flameless combustion furnace 400, a gas mixer 500, an ammonia decomposer 600, and an ammonia-hydrogen engine 700.

[0057] The liquid ammonia source 100 is used to supply liquid ammonia, while the air source 200 is used to supply air.

[0058] The liquid ammonia vaporizer 300 in this embodiment is provided with an air heat exchange channel 310 and a liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320 with a wall heat exchange relationship. It can be understood that the liquid ammonia vaporizer 300 adopts a heat exchanger structure, and the two heat exchange sides of the heat exchanger structure are divided into an air heat exchange channel 310 and a liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320.

[0059] The inlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320 is connected to the liquid ammonia source 100 via a pipeline.

[0060] The flameless combustion furnace 400 includes a furnace body and an ignition assembly. The furnace body is provided with a combustion chamber 410 and a preheating and cooling chamber 420 with a heat exchange relationship between the walls. An air source 200 is connected to the inlet of the preheating and cooling chamber 420 and the combustion chamber 410 through pipes. The outlet of the preheating and cooling chamber 420 is connected to the inlet of the air heat exchange channel 310 through a pipe. The combustion chamber 410 is connected to the outlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320 through a pipe.

[0061] The gas mixer 500 of the present invention is provided with a gas mixing chamber 510. The inlet of the gas mixing chamber 510 is connected to the outlet of the combustion chamber 410 and the outlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320 through pipes respectively. The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by combustion in the combustion chamber 410 and the ammonia gas transported from the liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320 are mixed in the gas mixing chamber 510 to form a mixed gas to be decomposed.

[0062] The ammonia decomposer 600 of the present invention is provided with an ammonia decomposition chamber 610, which is loaded with an ammonia decomposition catalyst 620. The inlet of the ammonia decomposition chamber 610 is connected to the outlet of the gas mixing chamber 510 through a pipe.

[0063] The ammonia-hydrogen engine 700 of the present invention is provided with a gas injection assembly 710 and a liquid ammonia injection assembly 720. The gas injection assembly 710 is connected to the outlet of the ammonia decomposition chamber 610 and the outlet of the air heat exchange channel 310 through pipes, while the liquid ammonia injection assembly 720 is connected to the liquid ammonia source 100 through pipes.

[0064] During use, according to the operating conditions of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700, the liquid ammonia provided by the liquid ammonia source 100 is proportionally diverted to the liquid ammonia injection assembly 720 and the liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320. Part of the liquid ammonia absorbs heat and vaporizes into ammonia gas through the liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320, while the other part of the liquid ammonia is injected into the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700 through the liquid ammonia injection assembly 720 for combustion and work. The air in the air heat exchange channel 310 provides the latent heat of liquid ammonia vaporization.

[0065] Meanwhile, the ammonia gas generated by the liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320 is proportionally controlled to be diverted to the combustion chamber 410 and the gas mixing chamber 510. The ammonia gas entering the combustion chamber 410 is used as the main fuel for flameless combustion, while the ammonia gas entering the gas mixing chamber 510 is used as the heat balance medium.

[0066] Furthermore, the air supplied by the air source 200 is proportionally divided into the combustion chamber 410 and the preheating and cooling chamber 420. A portion of the air absorbs heat in the preheating and cooling chamber 420 and then enters the air heat exchange channel 310 to transfer heat to the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320 to achieve the vaporization of the liquid ammonia. At the same time, the air is cooled to a high-density temperature and then input into the gas injection assembly 710. The other portion of the air mixes with the ammonia in the combustion chamber 410 for flameless combustion and heats the air in the preheating and cooling chamber 420. The preheating and cooling chamber 420 can cool the walls of the combustion chamber 410 to prevent overheating and also provide a heat source for the vaporization of liquid ammonia. This eliminates the need for an electric heater and a separate intercooler system, solving the cold source dependence and volume bottleneck of traditional solutions.

[0067] The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by combustion is delivered to the gas mixing chamber 510 and mixed with ammonia to form a mixed gas to be decomposed. At this time, the mixed gas to be decomposed is controlled at the temperature required for ammonia decomposition by the principle of thermal balance, so as to meet the upper limit of the activity window of the ammonia decomposition catalyst 620, which ensures the ammonia decomposition efficiency and avoids the risk of catalyst thermal sintering. Then, the mixed gas to be decomposed is controlled to be input into the ammonia decomposition chamber 610, where ammonia cracking reaction occurs under the action of the ammonia decomposition catalyst 620 to produce a hydrogen-rich mixed gas. The hydrogen-rich mixed gas and the cooled high-density air are jointly input into the engine combustion chamber through the gas injection assembly 710 for combustion assistance to achieve ammonia-hydrogen fusion combustion.

[0068] This invention provides the heat for ammonia vaporization and decomposition through flameless combustion of ammonia, uses air as the heat transfer medium for the latent heat of liquid ammonia vaporization, and cools the air through the heat absorption of liquid ammonia vaporization to form high-density air, which simplifies the system piping and improves thermal efficiency.

[0069] Furthermore, to meet the requirements for rapid start-up of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700 and to cope with sudden changes in its operating conditions, the present invention also includes a storage buffer container 800. The inlet of the storage buffer container 800 is connected to the ammonia decomposition chamber 610 via a pipe, and the outlet of the storage buffer container 800 is connected to the gas injection assembly 710 via a pipe. During the operation of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700, when the power of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700 decreases, a portion of the hydrogen-rich mixture generated by the ammonia decomposition chamber 610 can be transported to the storage buffer container 800 for storage, thereby reducing the amount of hydrogen-rich mixture supplied to the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700. When the power of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700 increases, the hydrogen-rich mixture in the storage buffer container 800 can be replenished and transported to the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700. When the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700 starts, the storage buffer container 800 rapidly provides the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700 with hydrogen-rich mixture, which, together with the liquid ammonia injected by the liquid ammonia injection assembly 720, quickly starts the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700.

[0070] Among them, such as Figure 1As shown, a first electrically controlled valve 810 is installed at the inlet of the storage buffer container 800. The first electrically controlled valve 810 is configured to regulate the flow rate of the hydrogen-rich mixed gas delivered from the ammonia decomposition chamber 610 to the storage buffer container 800, while a second electrically controlled valve 820 is installed at the outlet of the storage buffer container 800. The second electrically controlled valve 820 is configured to regulate the flow rate of the hydrogen-rich mixed gas delivered from the storage buffer container 800 to the gas injection assembly 710.

[0071] During system operation, the first electronic control valve 810 and the second electronic control valve 820 are controlled according to the operating conditions of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700 to regulate the instantaneous flow rate of the hydrogen-rich mixture entering the system. During the start-up phase, the first electronic control valve 810 is closed and the second electronic control valve 820 is open.

[0072] To achieve accurate proportional control of the ammonia output from the liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320, this embodiment installs a third electrically controlled valve 321 between the combustion chamber 410 and the outlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320, and a fourth electrically controlled valve 322 between the inlet of the gas mixing chamber 510 and the outlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320. The fourth electrically controlled valve 322 is configured to regulate the flow rate of ammonia delivered from the liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320 to the gas mixing chamber 510, and the third electrically controlled valve 321 is configured to regulate the flow rate of ammonia delivered from the liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320 to the combustion chamber 410, thereby adjusting the ratio of ammonia diverted to the gas mixing chamber 510 and the combustion chamber 410.

[0073] Specifically, the opening degrees of the third electronic control valve 321 and the fourth electronic control valve 322 are adjusted according to the operating conditions of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700. When the power of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700 increases, the required amount of liquid ammonia increases, and the required amount of hydrogen-rich mixture also increases. At this time, the opening degrees of the third electronic control valve 321 and the fourth electronic control valve 322 are increased to increase the amount of ammonia entering the gas mixing chamber 510 and the combustion chamber 410, thereby increasing the power of the flameless combustion furnace 400. As more liquid ammonia flows through the liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320, the latent heat of vaporization required for liquid ammonia also increases. At this time, it is necessary to increase the heating temperature of the air in the preheating and cooling chamber 420 to vaporize more liquid ammonia. At the same time, due to the increase in the power of the flameless combustion furnace 400, the temperature of the high-temperature exhaust gas will also increase. At this time, more ammonia is needed to mix and cool the high-temperature exhaust gas in the gas mixing chamber 510.

[0074] In addition, during system operation, the opening of the third solenoid valve 321 and the fourth solenoid valve 322 can be finely adjusted to ensure that the gas mixture to be decomposed in the gas mixing chamber 510 is maintained at the set temperature.

[0075] In this embodiment, a pressure reducing valve 323 is installed between the inlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320 and the liquid ammonia source 100. The pressure reducing valve 323 is used to reduce the pressure of the liquid ammonia. This is because the pressure of the liquid ammonia that directly enters the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700 will be relatively high. Therefore, the liquid ammonia source 100 generally provides high-pressure liquid ammonia. However, high-pressure hydraulic pressure does not meet the operating conditions of the liquid ammonia vaporizer 300, the flameless combustion furnace 400, the gas mixer 500, and the ammonia decomposer 600. Therefore, the pressure reducing valve 323 is required to reduce the pressure.

[0076] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a fifth electrically controlled valve 210 is installed between the air source 200 and the inlet of the preheating and cooling chamber 420, and a sixth electrically controlled valve 220 is connected and installed between the air source 200 and the combustion chamber 410. The fifth electrically controlled valve 210 is configured to regulate the flow rate of the air supplied to the preheating and cooling chamber 420, and the sixth electrically controlled valve 220 is configured to regulate the flow rate of the air supplied to the combustion chamber 410, so as to regulate the air ratio that is split between the preheating and cooling chamber 420 and the combustion chamber 410.

[0077] Specifically, the fifth electronic control valve 210 and the sixth electronic control valve 220 are adjusted according to the operating conditions of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700. When the power of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700 increases, the required amount of liquid ammonia increases, and the required amount of air and hydrogen-rich mixture also increases. At this time, the opening of the fifth electronic control valve 210 and the sixth electronic control valve 220 is increased to increase the amount of air entering the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700 and the combustion chamber 410, thereby increasing the power of the flameless combustion furnace 400.

[0078] During system operation, the opening of the fifth solenoid valve 210 and the sixth solenoid valve 220 can be finely adjusted to ensure that the gas mixture to be decomposed in the gas mixing chamber 510 is maintained at the set temperature.

[0079] Furthermore, a proportional valve 110 is installed between the liquid ammonia injection assembly 720 and the liquid ammonia source 100. The proportional valve 110 is used to regulate the flow rate of liquid ammonia supplied to the liquid ammonia injection assembly 720, so as to regulate the liquid ammonia ratio between the liquid ammonia injection assembly 720 and the liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320. The opening of the proportional valve 110 is also adjusted according to the operating conditions of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700.

[0080] When the opening of proportional valve 110 changes, the fifth solenoid valve 210 and the sixth solenoid valve 220 adjust the flow rate in a fixed proportion. When the flow rate of pressure reducing valve 323 changes, the third solenoid valve 321 and the fourth solenoid valve 322 adjust the flow rate in a fixed proportion.

[0081] To improve dynamic response and startup speed, the ignition assembly in this embodiment includes an inductor coil 430, which is wound around the outer periphery of the combustion chamber 410. The cavity wall of the combustion chamber 410, to which the inductor coil 430 is wound, is a metal component. The metal cavity wall is used to achieve inductive heating reaction with the inductor coil 430. This invention heats the cavity wall of the combustion chamber 410 through the inductor coil 430, thereby increasing the temperature of the wall surface and interior of the combustion chamber 410, significantly shortening the startup time, improving the overall combustion efficiency, and increasing the cold startup speed of the flameless combustion furnace 400. At the same time, it also ensures that the temperature of the cavity wall of the combustion chamber 410 is greater than the fuel auto-ignition temperature, achieving fuel ignition. This avoids complex ignition design within the combustion chamber. Furthermore, during the operation of the flameless combustion furnace 400 after startup, the heating function of the inductor coil 430 can also intervene in the flameless combustion to maintain the interior of the combustion chamber 410 within the set temperature range, preventing misfire and improving the stability of the flameless combustion furnace 400 under low operating conditions.

[0082] In this embodiment, the preheating and cooling chamber 420 is wrapped around the outer periphery of the combustion chamber 410 to force cooling of the furnace wall.

[0083] The combustion chamber 410 is provided with an ammonia nozzle (not shown) and an air nozzle (not shown) arranged opposite to each other along the axial direction of the combustion chamber 410. The ammonia nozzle is connected to the outlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320, and the air nozzle is connected to the air source 200. Air is injected into the combustion chamber 410 through the air nozzle, while ammonia is injected into the combustion chamber 410 through the ammonia nozzle, so that the air and ammonia achieve flameless combustion in the combustion chamber 410.

[0084] This invention uses a high-frequency inductor coil 430 to directly heat the combustion chamber 410, which can raise the wall temperature to the ignition threshold of 600°C within 0.5 seconds, breaking through the bottleneck of minute-level delay in traditional combustion chamber preheating. It also couples the distributed reaction characteristics of flameless combustion, widening the ammonia combustion limit to an equivalence ratio of 0.5~2.0 and the traditional flame combustion limit of 0.9~1.4, ensuring zero misfire under transient load fluctuation conditions of the engine.

[0085] Furthermore, this invention also proposes an operation method for an ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system, applicable to the aforementioned ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the operation method includes:

[0086] Step S100: Obtain the operating conditions of the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700;

[0087] Step S200: Control the liquid ammonia to be diverted to the liquid ammonia injection assembly 720 and the liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320 according to the first preset ratio. Part of the liquid ammonia absorbs heat and vaporizes into ammonia gas through the liquid ammonia vaporization channel 320, and the other part of the liquid ammonia is injected into the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700 through the liquid ammonia injection assembly 720 to burn and do work.

[0088] Step S300: Control the ammonia gas to be diverted to the combustion chamber 410 and the gas mixing chamber 510 according to the second preset ratio;

[0089] Step S400: Air is diverted to the combustion chamber 410 and the preheating and cooling chamber 420 according to the third preset ratio. Part of the air absorbs heat in the preheating and cooling chamber 420 and then enters the air heat exchange channel 310 to release heat and cool to the first preset temperature. It is then input to the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700. The other part of the air mixes with ammonia in the combustion chamber 410 for flameless combustion, which heats the air in the preheating and cooling chamber 420. The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by combustion is sent to the gas mixing chamber 510 and mixed with ammonia to form a mixed gas to be decomposed at the second preset temperature.

[0090] Step S500: Control the mixed gas to be decomposed to be input into the ammonia decomposition chamber 610 to carry out the ammonia decomposition reaction, so as to produce a hydrogen-rich mixed gas, and input it into the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700 to realize ammonia-hydrogen fusion combustion.

[0091] In step S200, the proportion and flow rate of liquid ammonia diverted to the combustion chamber 410 and the preheating and cooling chamber 420 are controlled by controlling the opening of the proportional valve 110 and the pressure reducing valve 323.

[0092] In step S300, the proportion and flow rate of ammonia gas diverted to the combustion chamber 410 and the gas mixing chamber 510 are controlled by controlling the opening degree of the third solenoid valve 321 and the fourth solenoid valve 322.

[0093] In step S400, the proportion and flow rate of air diverted to the combustion chamber 410 and the preheating and cooling chamber 420 are controlled by controlling the opening of the fifth solenoid valve 210 and the sixth solenoid valve 220. In actual operation, the flameless combustion furnace 400 outputs high-temperature tail gas (mainly containing N2 and H2O) at 1356℃, which is directly mixed with room-temperature ammonia in the gas mixing chamber 510. The temperature of the cracked gas is precisely controlled at 609℃ through the principle of thermal balance. The second preset temperature is set at 609℃. This temperature meets the upper limit of the activity window (450-650℃) of the nickel-based catalyst, which not only ensures that the ammonia decomposition efficiency is ≥95%, but also avoids the risk of catalyst thermal sintering. This design completely replaces the traditional catalytic decomposition heat exchanger and eliminates the problems of scaling, leakage and thermal efficiency loss of the indirect heat exchanger.

[0094] The air flows through the preheating and cooling chamber 420, absorbing heat and rising to 200°C to protect the furnace wall temperature. It then enters the liquid ammonia vaporizer 300, releasing heat and cooling itself to 20°C before being directly supplied to the engine. The first preset temperature is set at 20°C, generating high-density intake air at 20°C, increasing the intake air density by ≥8%. Traditional engine systems require an intercooler to lower the air temperature to ensure air density and thus guarantee the engine's air intake volume. This invention completely eliminates the need for a separate intercooler system, solving the reliance on a cold source and the size bottleneck of traditional solutions.

[0095] In step S500, the mixed gas to be decomposed undergoes an ammonia cracking reaction (2NH3=N2+3H2) under the action of the ammonia decomposition catalyst 620, producing a hydrogen-rich mixed gas (containing H2, N2, and water vapor). This hydrogen-rich mixed gas, along with pre-cooled high-density air at 20°C, is input into the engine combustion chamber to achieve ammonia-hydrogen fusion combustion. Engine exhaust enters the SCR reactor 900, where residual ammonia is used to catalytically reduce NOx, ultimately resulting in the emission of N2 and H2O.

[0096] Furthermore, regarding the control methods for the start-up phase of an ammonia-hydrogen engine, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the operating method of the present invention further includes:

[0097] Step S600: Control the delivery and storage of the hydrogen-rich mixture in the storage buffer container 800;

[0098] Step S700: When the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700 is in the starting condition, the starting inductor coil 430 is controlled to heat the cavity wall of the combustion chamber 410 to ignite the ammonia gas in the combustion chamber 410.

[0099] Step S800: Control the input of the hydrogen-rich mixture in the storage buffer container 800 to the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700 to cooperate with the liquid ammonia injected by the liquid ammonia injection assembly 720 for combustion, and start the ammonia-hydrogen engine 700.

[0100] In steps S600 and S800, the hydrogen-rich mixture is controlled by controlling the opening degree of the first solenoid valve 810 and the second solenoid valve 820.

[0101] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0102] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system for flameless combustion decomposition of ammonia, characterized in that, include: A liquid ammonia source, used to supply liquid ammonia; An air source, used to supply air; The liquid ammonia vaporizer is provided with an air heat exchange channel and a liquid ammonia vaporization channel with a heat exchange relationship between the two walls, and the inlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel is connected to the liquid ammonia source. A flameless combustion furnace includes a furnace body and an ignition assembly. The furnace body is provided with a combustion chamber and a preheating and cooling chamber with a heat exchange relationship between the walls. The ignition assembly is used to ignite the mixed combustion gas in the combustion chamber. An air source is connected to the inlet of the preheating and cooling chamber and the combustion chamber, respectively. The outlet of the preheating and cooling chamber is connected to the inlet of the air heat exchange channel. The combustion chamber is connected to the outlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel. A gas mixer is provided with a gas mixing chamber, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the combustion chamber and the outlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel, respectively. An ammonia decomposer is provided with an ammonia decomposition chamber, which is loaded with an ammonia decomposition catalyst, and the inlet of the ammonia decomposition chamber is connected to the outlet of the gas mixing chamber. The ammonia-hydrogen engine is equipped with a gas injection assembly and a liquid ammonia injection assembly. The gas injection assembly is connected to the outlet of the ammonia decomposition chamber and the outlet of the air heat exchange channel, respectively. The liquid ammonia injection assembly is connected to the liquid ammonia source. The preheating and cooling chamber is configured to cool and exchange heat on the walls of the combustion chamber. After the air is preheated in the preheating and cooling chamber, it enters the air heat exchange channel to transfer heat to the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia vaporization channel to achieve the vaporization of liquid ammonia. After the air is cooled, it is input into the gas injection assembly. The ignition assembly includes an inductor coil, which is wound around the outer periphery of the combustion chamber. The cavity wall of the combustion chamber, around which the inductor coil is wound, is a metal component.

2. The ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a storage buffer container, the inlet of which is connected to the ammonia decomposition chamber, and the outlet of which is connected to the gas injection assembly.

3. The ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inlet of the storage buffer container is equipped with a first electrically controlled valve, which is configured to regulate the flow rate of the hydrogen-rich mixed gas supplied from the ammonia decomposition chamber to the storage buffer container. The outlet of the storage buffer container is equipped with a second electrically controlled valve, which is configured to regulate the flow rate of the hydrogen-rich mixed gas supplied from the storage buffer container to the gas injection assembly.

4. The ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A third electrically controlled valve is installed between the combustion chamber and the outlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel, and a fourth electrically controlled valve is installed between the inlet of the gas mixing chamber and the outlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel. The fourth electrically controlled valve is configured to regulate the flow rate of ammonia gas supplied from the liquid ammonia vaporization channel to the gas mixing chamber, and the third electrically controlled valve is configured to regulate the flow rate of ammonia gas supplied from the liquid ammonia vaporization channel to the combustion chamber, so as to regulate the ratio of ammonia gas diverted to the gas mixing chamber and the combustion chamber. A pressure reducing valve is installed between the inlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel and the liquid ammonia source.

5. The ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fifth electrically controlled valve is installed between the air source and the inlet of the preheating and cooling chamber, and a sixth electrically controlled valve is installed between the air source and the combustion chamber. The fifth electrically controlled valve is configured to regulate the flow rate of the air supplied to the preheating and cooling chamber, and the sixth electrically controlled valve is configured to regulate the flow rate of the air supplied to the combustion chamber, so as to regulate the air ratio split between the preheating and cooling chamber and the combustion chamber.

6. The ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A proportional valve is installed between the liquid ammonia injection assembly and the liquid ammonia source. The proportional valve is used to adjust the flow rate of liquid ammonia supplied to the liquid ammonia injection assembly, so as to adjust the liquid ammonia ratio between the liquid ammonia injection assembly and the liquid ammonia vaporization channel.

7. The ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preheating and cooling chamber is wrapped around the outer periphery of the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is provided with an ammonia nozzle and an air nozzle that are arranged opposite each other along the axial direction of the combustion chamber. The ammonia nozzle is connected to the outlet of the liquid ammonia vaporization channel, and the air nozzle is connected to the air source.

8. A method for operating an ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system, characterized in that, The operating method, applicable to the ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprises: Obtain the operating conditions of the ammonia-hydrogen engine; According to the first preset ratio, liquid ammonia is diverted to the liquid ammonia injection assembly and the liquid ammonia vaporization channel. A portion of the liquid ammonia is vaporized into ammonia gas by absorbing heat through the liquid ammonia vaporization channel, and the other portion of the liquid ammonia is injected into the ammonia-hydrogen engine through the liquid ammonia injection assembly to burn and do work. Ammonia gas is diverted to the combustion chamber and the gas mixing chamber according to a second preset ratio; According to the third preset ratio, the air is controlled to be diverted to the combustion chamber and the preheating and cooling chamber. A portion of the air absorbs heat in the preheating and cooling chamber and then enters the air heat exchange channel to release heat and cool down to the first preset temperature. Then it is input to the ammonia-hydrogen engine. Another portion of the air mixes with ammonia in the combustion chamber for flameless combustion, which heats the air in the preheating and cooling chamber. The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by combustion is sent to the gas mixing chamber and mixes with ammonia to form a mixed gas to be decomposed at the second preset temperature. The mixed gas to be decomposed is controlled to be input into the ammonia decomposition chamber to carry out the ammonia decomposition reaction, so as to produce a hydrogen-rich mixed gas, which is then input into the ammonia-hydrogen engine to achieve ammonia-hydrogen fusion combustion.

9. The operating method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The ammonia-hydrogen fusion engine system also includes a storage buffer container, the inlet of which is connected to the ammonia decomposition chamber, and the outlet of which is connected to the gas injection assembly; the ignition assembly includes an inductor coil, which is wound around the outer periphery of the combustion chamber, and the wall of the combustion chamber wound by the inductor coil is a metal component. The operating method further includes: The hydrogen-rich gas mixture is controlled to be transported and stored in the storage buffer container; When the ammonia-hydrogen engine is in the starting condition, the inductor coil is activated to heat the wall of the combustion chamber in order to ignite the ammonia gas in the combustion chamber. The hydrogen-rich mixture in the storage buffer container is controlled to be input into the ammonia-hydrogen engine to cooperate with the liquid ammonia injected by the liquid ammonia injection assembly for combustion, thereby starting the ammonia-hydrogen engine.

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