Comprehensive evaluation method and system for ecological negative effect of closed-pit coal mine in arid and semi-arid regions

Abstract

The invention provides an arid and semi-arid region closed-pit coal mine ecological negative effect comprehensive evaluation method and system, and belongs to the field of ecological environment evaluation, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining basic data before mining of a to-be-evaluated closed-pit coal mine, in a preset time period in the mining process and after production is stopped; based on current state indexes in the basic data, carrying out spatial clustering after standardization processing, and dividing into a plurality of evaluation space units; respectively calculating a secondary evaluation index according to each evaluation space unit; calculating a primary evaluation index according to each evaluation space unit based on the basic data and the secondary evaluation index; calculating a first-level evaluation index weight by adopting an intelligent optimization algorithm; calculating an ecological environment negative effect comprehensive index by combining the first-level evaluation index of each evaluation space unit and the weight of the first-level evaluation index; grading evaluation is carried out based on the comprehensive index, adjacent evaluation space units of the same grade are combined to generate a comprehensive evaluation graph, and targeted restoration measures are provided for areas of different grades. The method can evaluate the ecological negative effect of the closed-pit coal mine.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of mine ecological restoration, in particular to a method and system for comprehensively evaluating ecological negative effects of closed mines in arid and semiarid regions. BACKGROUND

[0002] Comprehensive evaluation of mine ecological environment negative effects is a key link in mine ecological restoration, which is used for evaluating and calculating ecological environment negative effect indexes of coal mines in different historical periods, so as to find out how the original ecological system of the coal mine is, how the coal mine is damaged in the process of coal seam mining, how the coal mine is repaired, what aspects need to be further repaired, and realize ecological closed pit of the coal mine stopping production.

[0003] The current ecological evaluation method for closed mines has obvious limitations. On the data level, it mainly depends on single remote sensing image or ground sampling, and it is difficult to synchronously capture the multi-dimensional dynamic process of water stress (such as evapotranspiration anomaly) and soil degradation (such as salinization / sandification spread) specific to arid and semiarid regions. On the evaluation model level, the fixed administrative unit or homogeneous grid division is usually adopted, which cannot accurately adapt to the spatial heterogeneity of broken topography such as mine subsidence slope and drainage ditch system. On the time dimension, the existing technology mainly focuses on single time point evaluation after the end of mining, and lacks quantitative tracking of the cumulative effect of ecological damage in the whole cycle of “before mining, during mining and after closed pit”.

[0004] These defects lead to three problems: the key ecological factors in arid areas are missed or misjudged due to single data source; the spatial unit of regular ecological negative effect evaluation deviates seriously from the actual ecological damage boundary of the mine area, resulting in spatial distortion of indicators such as erosion intensity and pollution diffusion; and the static evaluation result cannot reveal the diachronic evolution law of ecological damage of closed coal mines. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the embodiments of the present application provide a method and system for comprehensively evaluating ecological negative effects of closed mines in arid and semiarid regions to solve the above technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, in a first aspect, a method for comprehensively evaluating ecological negative effects of closed mines in arid and semiarid regions is provided, which comprises the following steps: obtaining basic data of the closed mine before mining, in a preset time period during mining and after stopping production; the basic data includes environmental monitoring data related to hydrological environment, ecological system, soil degradation status, land use and pollutant emission; The current status indicators in the basic data are obtained, and after standardization, spatial clustering is performed. Based on the spatial clustering results, the coal mine to be evaluated is divided into multiple ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units. The current status indicators refer to the indicators selected from the basic data for dividing the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units. Based on the aforementioned basic data, secondary evaluation indicators are calculated for each of the aforementioned ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units; the secondary evaluation indicators include water resources, the area of ​​severe erosion and the area of ​​moderate erosion corresponding to soil loss, the land stress area, the habitat quality index, and the biodiversity index; Based on the aforementioned basic data and the aforementioned secondary evaluation indicators, primary evaluation indicators are calculated for each of the aforementioned ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units; the primary evaluation indicators include: water network density negative effect index, biodiversity negative effect index, vegetation cover negative effect index, land stress negative effect index, pollution load negative effect index, and surface deformation negative effect index. The weights of the primary evaluation indicators are calculated using an intelligent optimization algorithm; Combining the primary evaluation indicators and their weights for each of the aforementioned spatial units for evaluating negative ecological effects, a comprehensive index of negative ecological effects is calculated for each of the aforementioned spatial units for evaluating negative ecological effects using the comprehensive index method. Based on the comprehensive ecological and environmental negative effect index of each of the aforementioned ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units, a graded evaluation is conducted. On a spatial mapping software platform, multiple adjacent ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units at the same level are merged to generate a comprehensive ecological negative effect evaluation map. Adjacent evaluation spatial units with a comprehensive ecological negative effect index between 0.1 and 0.3 are merged into one region and evaluated as a region of significant deterioration. Adjacent evaluation spatial units with a comprehensive ecological negative effect index greater than 0.3 are merged into one region and evaluated as a region of significant deterioration. Targeted remediation measures are proposed for regions of different levels.

[0007] Secondly, a comprehensive evaluation system for the negative ecological effects of closed coal mines in arid and semi-arid regions is provided, which includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire basic data of the coal mine to be evaluated before mining, during mining for a preset time period, and after production is stopped; the basic data includes environmental monitoring data related to hydrological environment, ecosystem, soil degradation, land use and pollutant emissions; The ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit division module is used to obtain the current status indicators in the basic data, standardize the current status indicators and then perform spatial clustering, and divide the coal mine to be evaluated into multiple ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units based on the spatial clustering results; the current status indicators refer to the indicators selected from the basic data for dividing the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units. a secondary evaluation index calculation module configured to calculate, based on the basic data, a secondary evaluation index for each of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units; the secondary evaluation index includes water resource amount, heavy erosion area and moderate erosion area corresponding to soil loss amount, land stress area, habitat quality index, and biodiversity index; a primary evaluation index calculation module configured to calculate, based on the basic data and the secondary evaluation index, a primary evaluation index for each of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units; the primary evaluation index includes water network density negative effect index, biological abundance negative effect index, vegetation coverage negative effect index, land stress negative effect index, pollution load negative effect index, and land surface deformation negative effect index; an index weight calculation module configured to calculate weights of the primary evaluation indexes by using an intelligent optimization algorithm; a negative effect comprehensive index calculation module configured to calculate, by using a comprehensive index method, an ecological environment negative effect comprehensive index for each of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units in combination with the primary evaluation index and the weights of the primary evaluation index for the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit; a negative effect comprehensive evaluation module configured to perform hierarchical evaluation based on the ecological environment negative effect comprehensive index for each of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units, combine a plurality of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units adjacent to the same level to generate an ecological negative effect comprehensive evaluation map, and propose targeted remediation measures for different level regions.

[0008] The technical solution has the following beneficial technical effects: The method and system for comprehensive evaluation of ecological environment negative effects of closed coal mine in arid and semi-arid regions can perform hierarchical and zoned evaluation of ecological environment negative effects of the closed coal mine in a whole life cycle, so that the targetedness and effectiveness of ecological remediation measures for the closed coal mine are improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 is a whole flowchart of a method for comprehensive evaluation of ecological environment negative effects of closed coal mine in arid and semi-arid regions according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a specific flowchart of step S10 according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a specific flowchart of step S20 according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 is a specific flowchart of step S30 according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 is a specific flowchart of step S40 according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 is a specific flowchart of step S50 according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 is a specific flow chart of step S60 of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 is a specific flow chart of step S70 of the embodiment of the present application; Figure 9 is a detailed flow chart of a comprehensive evaluation method of negative effects of ecological environment of closed coal mines in arid and semi-arid areas according to the embodiment of the present application; Figure 10 is a function block diagram of a comprehensive evaluation system of negative effects of ecological environment of closed coal mines in arid and semi-arid areas according to the embodiment of the present application; Figure 11 is a comprehensive evaluation method of damage of ecological environment of coal mines according to the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ; Figure 12 is a comprehensive evaluation method of damage of ecological environment of coal mines according to the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ; Figure 13 is a structure schematic diagram of a computer system according to the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] The exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which various details of the present application are set forth to assist in understanding the present application. It should be appreciated that the present application can be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0011] The present application can collect four aspects of data of natural environment (terrain slope, vegetation coverage, precipitation, water network density, soil texture), ecological environment (land pollution, geological disasters, land damage and occupation), biological abundance index, and land stress index before, during and after the coal mining by the "space, sky, land" data acquisition system. Based on the above parameters, the coal mine ecological environment negative effect evaluation index system is established. The differential evolution algorithm (Differential Evolution, DE) and the intelligent optimization algorithm combining projection pursuit clustering (Projection Pursuit Clustering, PPC) are used to calculate the weight of each evaluation index, and the coal mine ecological environment negative effect comprehensive evaluation model is constructed. The coal mine ecological environment negative effect index is obtained, which is evaluated by classification and partition. The influence range and degree of the ecological environment negative effect of the closed mine are judged, the spatio-temporal evolution law of the ecological environment negative effect of the coal mine is investigated, which has great significance for formulating the ecological restoration plan, and can provide a feasible transformation blueprint and reference example for the transformation and sustainable development of coal mine enterprises, provide practical technical support and decision basis for the formulation of technical requirements and acceptance methods of closed coal mines, and also provide theoretical basis and technical support for coal resource development and whole life cycle ecological environment protection in other environmentally fragile areas.

[0012] The present application provides a comprehensive evaluation method and system for the ecological environment negative effect of closed coal mines in arid and semi-arid areas, which can comprehensively, dynamically and systematically evaluate the ecological environment negative effect of closed coal mines. The method includes data collection, ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit division, secondary evaluation index calculation, primary evaluation index calculation, index weight determination, negative effect comprehensive index calculation, and negative effect classification and partition comprehensive evaluation. The system includes a data collection module, an ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit division module, a secondary index calculation module, a primary index calculation module, a weight determination module, a negative effect comprehensive index calculation module, and a negative effect comprehensive evaluation module. The present application uses "space, sky, land" data sources, follows the logic of "how is the original ecosystem", "what kind of damage does it encounter", and "how to repair it", and focuses on the mechanism of ecological environment damage and repair process of coal mines. It is comprehensive, dynamic, systematic and scientific. It not only can evaluate the current ecological environment of closed coal mines in arid and semi-arid areas, but also can give the historical negative effect index of the ecological environment of closed coal mines in arid and semi-arid areas and the comprehensive index of the ecological environment of mines before coal mining. It has great significance for the evaluation of ecological restoration effect, the determination of ecological restoration direction, and the construction of restoration mode of mines in arid and semi-arid areas, and can provide scientific basis for ecological restoration and sustainable utilization of mines in arid and semi-arid areas.

[0013] The application provides a comprehensive evaluation method for negative effects of ecological environment of closed coal mines in arid and semi-arid areas, which can evaluate the negative effects of ecological environment of closed coal mines in all life cycles in grading and zoning to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of ecological restoration measures of closed coal mines.

[0014] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 9 A comprehensive evaluation method for negative effects of ecological environment of closed coal mines in arid and semi-arid areas includes the following steps: Step S10: Obtain the basic data of the closed coal mine before mining, in the preset time period during mining, and after stopping production; the basic data includes environmental monitoring data related to hydrological environment, ecological system, soil degradation status, land use and pollutant discharge; in this step, based on the "space, sky, ground" data source, the basic data of the closed coal mine to be evaluated in arid and semi-arid areas before mining, in the preset time period (point) during mining, and after stopping production is obtained.

[0015] In this embodiment, the "space, sky, ground" data source refers to a multi-source heterogeneous data set obtained by multi-level and multi-scale cooperation of space platforms, near-space platforms and ground platforms, and specifically includes the following three types: "Space" refers to a remote sensing satellite platform (space-based remote sensing), specifically refers to multi-spectral or high-resolution remote sensing images obtained by orbiting satellites (such as Landsat, Sentinel, MODIS, etc.), which are used to extract macro environmental factors such as surface vegetation coverage, land use type, water body distribution, surface temperature, and soil moisture. This type of data has the characteristics of wide coverage, strong time series continuity, and rich historical data.

[0016] "Sky" is a low-altitude aerial and unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing platform (space-based remote sensing), specifically refers to the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, multi-rotor aircraft, manned aerial platforms, etc. to carry high-resolution cameras, LiDAR, multi-spectral imaging devices and other sensors to obtain data such as local terrain, landform, surface deformation, and fine structure of vegetation. This type of data has the characteristics of high spatial accuracy, flexible acquisition, and strong adaptability, and is suitable for fine monitoring of mine and surrounding ecological environment.

[0017] "Ground" is a ground sensor and field investigation platform, specifically refers to data obtained by ground sensor equipment, field investigation tools and manual sampling means, including soil properties (moisture, salt, texture), meteorological factors (precipitation, evapotranspiration), water pollutant concentration (such as COD, ammonia nitrogen), plant and animal distribution, biodiversity index, geological disaster records, etc. This type of data supplements the deficiencies of remote sensing information in local, underground and biological dimensions, and has the function of accurate verification and calibration.

[0018] As shown inFigure 2 As shown, step S10 can specifically include the following steps: S101: Determine the data sources, including remote sensing type earth observation data, field survey and measurement obtained measured data, historical data formed by mine monitoring, exploration and design.

[0019] Most of the data are calculated by writing corresponding codes on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform to call Landsat, Sentinel, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Joint Research Centre (JRC), Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and other data sets; Some data are obtained through field investigation and measurement, data collection (related management departments and mining enterprises).

[0020] S102: Collect basic data based on the determined data sources, including river length, water area, water resources, precipitation, evapotranspiration, wild vascular plant richness, wild animal richness, ecosystem type diversity, species specificity, threatened species richness, invasive species invasion, land use type and area, rainfall erosion factor, soil erodibility, slope length and slope factor, vegetation cover factor, terrain slope, building density, soil and water conservation measures factor, soil salinity index, soil hardening index, soil desertification index, chemical oxygen demand COD, sulfur dioxide SO2, nitrogen oxides NOx, smoke dust, ammonia nitrogen emissions, solid waste and surface deformation value, totaling 29.

[0021] Land use types include arable land, garden land, forest land, grassland, construction land, water area and water conservancy facilities land, and unused land; The area of each type refers to the quantitative area value (for example, in hectares) of the spatial range corresponding to each type of land use in the spatial unit range of the closed mine ecological negative effect evaluation.

[0022] S103: Organize the basic data according to the three time dimensions of before mining, during mining and after stopping production, and build a basic database and cloud platform.

[0023] In the embodiment, the base data obtained by the data acquisition system is used to analyze the negative effects of the ecological environment of the closed mine. It can be understood that the relevant data obtained by the data acquisition system are stored in the closed mine ecological environment negative effect comprehensive evaluation database and the cloud server. Specifically, the data acquisition system, such as the Landsat / Sentinel synthetic aperture radar data, can realize the collection of the above-mentioned vegetation coverage, land use type and ground deformation value and other base data.

[0024] It can be understood that, in addition to the part of the present situation base data of the closed coal mine to be evaluated that can be obtained by field investigation and measurement, for the 29 base data before mining and during the mining process of the coal mine, in addition to being collected from the coal mining enterprises and the local relevant management departments, most of them need to be respectively programmed on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform to collect corresponding remote sensing satellite or radar monitoring data, such as water area, solid waste, soil salinity index, soil hardening index and soil desertification index.

[0025] Step S20: obtaining the present situation indexes in the base data, performing standardization processing on the present situation indexes, and then performing spatial clustering, dividing the coal mine to be evaluated into a plurality of ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units according to the spatial clustering result; the present situation indexes refer to the indexes selected from the base data for dividing the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units.

[0026] As shown in Figure 3 , step S20 can specifically include the following steps: S201: selecting three present situation indexes of terrain slope factor, vegetation coverage factor and building density in the base data; S202: performing standardization processing on the three present situation indexes to obtain standardized index data eliminating dimensional differences; S203: using a clustering algorithm to perform spatial clustering on the standardized index data to obtain a spatial clustering result with similar index characteristics; the similar index characteristics refer to the standardized data of the terrain slope factor, vegetation coverage factor and building density in the same clustering region satisfying a preset condition, and the preset condition refers to the within-group sum of squares of deviation being less than a preset threshold and the between-group sum of squares of deviation being greater than the preset threshold; S204: dividing the spatial clustering result into clustering map polygons with corresponding areas and shapes on a spatial mapping software platform, and each clustering map polygon is an ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit.

[0027] Specifically, according to the three basic data of slope, vegetation coverage and building density obtained by the data acquisition system, the K-means spatial clustering is performed after standardization, and the arid and semi-arid areas to be evaluated are divided into cluster patches of specific area and shape. Each cluster patch is taken as an ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit. In this embodiment, the "specific area and shape" refers to the geographical unit region automatically generated based on the spatial clustering result, and the area and shape depend on the classification boundary division of the clustering algorithm (such as K-means) in the multi-dimensional space index (terrain slope, vegetation coverage, building density). The areas of these patches are not necessarily equal, and the shapes are not regular grids, but cluster patches generated according to the natural distribution of similar regions in geographical space, which can more truly reflect the spatial heterogeneity of natural and artificial factors.

[0028] In this embodiment, the basic data specifically includes: terrain slope calculated from DEM (Digital Elevation Model, digital elevation model) data, vegetation coverage calculated from Landsat (Landsat Satellite Program, Landsat Satellite Program) remote sensing data, and building density calculated from Sentinel-2 (Sentinel-2 Satellite Mission, Sentinel-2 Satellite Mission).

[0029] Step S30: Based on the basic data, the secondary evaluation indexes are calculated for each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit respectively; the secondary evaluation indexes include water resources, severe erosion area and moderate erosion area corresponding to soil loss, land stress area, habitat quality index, and biodiversity index.

[0030] Specifically, this step calculates six secondary evaluation indexes of water resources, severe erosion area S ZHDQ , moderate erosion area S ZDQ , other land stress area S QTXP , habitat quality index HQ (Habitat Quality Index) and biodiversity index BI (Biodiversity Index) according to the basic data obtained by the data acquisition system.

[0031] As Figure 4 shown, step S30 can specifically include the following steps: S301: According to the "Technical Specification for Ecological Environment Status Evaluation", the water resources of each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit of the closed coal mine to be evaluated before mining, in the preset time period during mining, and after stopping production are calculated. Specifically, the water resource amount and habitat quality index HQ are calculated according to the methods listed in 5.5.2 and 5.3.2 of the Technical Specifications for Ecological Environment Condition Assessment (HJ 192-2015), respectively. The calculation formulas are as follows: ; That is, when the actual water resource amount is not more than 1.4 times the average value of multiple years, the actual water resource amount is directly used as the result without correction; when the actual water resource amount exceeds 1.4 times but does not exceed 2.4 times the average value of multiple years, the linear decreasing formula is used for correction, The greater the correction factor is, the smaller the corrected value is, so as to avoid excessive water resources from being excessively counted; when the actual water resource amount far exceeds 2.4 times the average value of multiple years (for example, in the case of extreme flood), the correction result is directly taken as 0.

[0032] Habitat quality index HQ = 511.2642131067 x (0.35 x forest area + 0.21 x grassland area + 0.28 x water and wetland area + 0.11 x cultivated land + 0.04 x construction land + 0.01 x unused land area) / evaluation space unit area.

[0033] S302: Using the rainfall erosivity factor FR, soil erodibility K, slope length and gradient factor LS, vegetation cover factor C and water and soil conservation measure factor P in the basic data, the soil loss amount is calculated according to the following formula: A = FR x K x LS x C x P; the soil erosion grade of each ecological negative effect evaluation space unit is divided according to the Soil Erosion Classification and Grading Standard, and the heavy erosion area S ZHDQ and the moderate erosion area S ZDQ of the closed pit coal mine to be evaluated are counted. Specifically, the calculation method of the erosion area is as follows: first, the soil loss amount A = FR x K x LS x C x P (formula 1) is calculated, then the soil erosion grade of each ecological negative effect evaluation space unit is divided according to the Soil Erosion Classification and Grading Standard (SL 190-2007), and then the heavy erosion area S ZHDQ and the moderate erosion area S ZDQ of each ecological negative effect evaluation space unit of the closed pit coal mine to be evaluated are counted.

[0034] S303: The land stress area S QTXP is calculated according to the following formula: ; wherein, S SH is the area corresponding to the soil desertification index greater than 0, S YJ is the area corresponding to the soil salinity index greater than 0.25, and S BJ is the area corresponding to the soil hardening index less than -1. Specifically, the other land stress area SQTXP According to ( Formula 2 ) is calculated; in the formula The area corresponding to the soil desertification index greater than 0 is m 2 ; The area corresponding to the soil salinity index greater than 0.25 is m 2 ; The area corresponding to the soil hardening index less than-1 is m 2 .

[0035] S304: Referring to the “Technical Specifications for Ecological Environment Condition Evaluation”, the habitat quality index HQ is calculated based on the land use type and the area of each ecological negative effect evaluation space unit of the closed coal mine to be evaluated before mining, in the mining process, and after stopping production for a predetermined period of time. Specifically, the habitat quality index HQ calculation method refers to the method listed in Article 5.3.2 of the “Technical Specifications for Ecological Environment Condition Evaluation” (HJ192-2015).

[0036] S305: When there is dynamic update data, the biodiversity index BI is calculated according to the “Regional Biodiversity Evaluation Standard”.

[0037] Specifically, the biodiversity index BI calculation method is: first, after consulting the “Fauna of China Database”, “National Key Protected Wildlife List”, “National Key Protected Wild Plant List”, and GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) website and other biodiversity databases, if there is no dynamic update data for the biodiversity index, it is not necessary to calculate; when there is an update, it is calculated according to the method listed in the “Regional Biodiversity Evaluation Standard” (HJ623-2011).

[0038] It can be understood that each ecological negative effect evaluation space unit has basic data, and each ecological negative effect evaluation space unit of the closed coal mine to be evaluated can obtain the corresponding secondary evaluation index value, and can obtain the corresponding secondary evaluation index before, during and after a predetermined period (point) of coal mining.

[0039] Step S40: Based on the basic data and the secondary evaluation index, the primary evaluation index is calculated for each ecological negative effect evaluation space unit; the primary evaluation index includes: water network density negative effect index, biological abundance negative effect index, vegetation cover negative effect index, land stress negative effect index, pollution load negative effect index, and surface deformation negative effect index.

[0040] For example Figure 5As shown, the specific calculation method of step S40 includes: S401: Calculate the Negative Effect Index of Water Network Denseness, First, calculate the water network density index of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit before, during and after the coal mining of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit divided by the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit division method of the coal mine to be evaluated. The calculation method is calculated according to the method listed in Article 5.5 of “Technical Specifications for Ecological Environment Status Evaluation” (HJ192-2015); Then, the water network density index before coal mining is taken as the background value (W ), the water network density index (W ) of each preset time period (point) during coal mining is subtracted from the background value (W ) to obtain the water network density index damaged by coal mining (W ), and then divided by the water network density index background value (W ) to obtain the water network density negative effect index. The calculation formula is: (Formula 3) S402: Calculate the Negative Effect Index of Biological Richness, First, calculate the biological richness index of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit before, during and after the coal mining of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit divided by the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit division method of the coal mine to be evaluated. The calculation method is calculated according to the method listed in Article 5.3 of “Technical Specifications for Ecological Environment Status Evaluation” (HJ192-2015); Then, the biological richness index before mining is taken as the background value (B ), the biological richness index (B ) of each preset time period (point) during mining is subtracted from the background value (B ) to obtain the biological richness index damaged by coal mining (B ), and then divided by the biological richness index background value (B ) to obtain the biological richness negative effect index. The calculation formula is: (Formula 4) S403: Calculate the Negative Effect Index of Vegetation Cover, ), first, calculate the vegetation cover index of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit divided by the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit division method of the coal mine to be evaluated before mining, during mining and after production, and the calculation method is calculated according to the method listed in 5.4 of "Ecological Environment Status Evaluation Technical Specification" (HJ192-2015); The vegetation cover index before mining is taken as the background value (background value) ), the vegetation cover index (vegetation cover index) of each preset time period (point) during mining ) minus the background value (background value) ) to get the vegetation cover index damaged by coal mining (vegetation cover index) ), divided by the vegetation cover index background value (background value) ) to get the vegetation cover negative effect index, the calculation formula is: (Formula 5) S404: Calculate the negative effect index of land stress (Negative Effect Index of Land Stress, ), first, calculate the land stress index of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit divided by the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit division method of the coal mine to be evaluated before mining, during mining and after production, and the calculation method is calculated according to the method listed in 5.6 of "Ecological Environment Status Evaluation Technical Specification" (HJ192-2015); The land stress index before mining is taken as the background value (background value) ), the land stress index (land stress index) of each preset time period (point) during mining ) minus the background value (background value) ) to get the land stress index damaged by coal mining (land stress index) ), divided by the land stress index background value (background value) ) to get the land stress negative effect index, the calculation formula is: (Formula 6) S405: Calculate the negative effect index of pollution load (Negative Effect Index of Pollution Load, ), first, calculate the pollution load index of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit divided by the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit division method of the coal mine to be evaluated before mining, during mining and after production, and the calculation method is calculated according to the method listed in 5.7 of "Ecological Environment Status Evaluation Technical Specification" (HJ192-2015); The pollution load index before mining is taken as the background value (background value) ), the pollution load index (pollution load index) of each preset time period (point) during mining ) minus the background value (background value) ) to get the pollution load index damaged by coal mining (pollution load index) ), divided by the background value of the pollution load index (PLIB) ), divided by the background value of the pollution load index (PLIB) (Formula 7) S406: Calculate the Negative Effect Index of Surface Deformation (NEDSD), which is calculated by the following formula: ), divided by the background value of the pollution load index (PLIB) ), divided by the background value of the pollution load index (PLIB) ), divided by the background value of the pollution load index (PLIB) ), divided by the background value of the pollution load index (PLIB) ), divided by the background value of the pollution load index (PLIB) (Formula 8) It can be understood that each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit of the coal mine to be evaluated has basic data, and each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit can calculate the secondary evaluation index value of step S130 from the basic data. Therefore, the following method can be used to obtain the six primary evaluation indexes corresponding to each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit in different periods (before mining, during mining, and after stopping production), and the time series changes of the primary evaluation indexes can be deeply understood, so that the original state of these indexes, the damage encountered during coal seam mining, the repair obtained, and the further repair needed can be clearly understood.

[0041] Step S50: Calculate the weight of the primary evaluation index using an intelligent optimization algorithm. Specifically, according to the six primary evaluation index values of each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit of the coal mine to be evaluated in different periods (before mining, during mining, and after stopping production) obtained in step S40, an original index matrix is formed, which is normalized after unified dimension, and the fitness function ​After performing differential evolution iterative optimization (steps such as population initialization, mutation, crossover, and selection), the projection vector with the optimal projection direction is obtained. After converting it into a unit vector, we obtain the weight values ​​of each primary evaluation index.

[0042] like Figure 6 As shown, this application provides an intelligent optimization algorithm that combines Differential Evolution (DE) and Projection Pursuit Clustering (PPC) to calculate the weights of each first-level evaluation index, specifically addressing the method for calculating the weights of evaluation indicators. The calculation method is as follows: S501: Data normalization, for the original indicator matrix (m samples, n indicators) are normalized (uniformed in units), and the calculation formula is as follows: (Equation 9) Normalized data matrix Represented as: (Equation 10) Then, differential evolution (DE) is performed to optimize the projection direction and calculate the index weights, which can be achieved through the following steps: S502: Define the fitness function, let... If the p-dimensional unit projection vector is , then the ... i Projected values ​​of each sample The fitness function can be defined as: (Equation 11) In Equation 11 for standard deviation for The formulas for calculating the local density, standard deviation, and local density are as follows: (Equation 12) (Equation 13) In Equations 12 and 13, for The average value, The distance between samples i and k. = R is the window width radius, and its value range is [ ], For a unit step function, when If the value is 1, then the value is 0; otherwise, the value is 0.

[0043] S503: Differential evolution iterative optimization. The fitness function value is obtained by initializing the population (population size is set to 50~100), mutation operation (mutation vector scaling factor is set to 0.5~0.8), crossover operation, and selection operation (determining whether to update). When the iteration reaches the maximum number of iterations (set to 1000), or the fitness function converges or the function value reaches the maximum value, the optimal projection direction is obtained.

[0044] S504: Projection vector of the optimal projection direction Converted to a unit vector, even if it satisfies ,at this time, That is, the weight of the primary evaluation indicator. Where p takes the value 6.

[0045] It is understood that this application obtains index weights by combining Differential Evolution (DE) and Projection Pursuit Clustering (PPC) intelligent optimization algorithms, which fully considers the objective characteristics of the data and improves the efficiency and accuracy of weight calculation through intelligent optimization algorithms.

[0046] Step S60: Combining the primary evaluation indicators and their weights for each of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units, calculate the comprehensive ecological and environmental negative effect index for each of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units using the comprehensive index method. Specifically, based on the primary evaluation indicator values ​​calculated in Step S40 and the evaluation indicator weights calculated in Step S50, this step uses the comprehensive index method to obtain the comprehensive ecological and environmental negative effect index corresponding to each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit for different time periods (a preset time period (point) during mining and after production cessation).

[0047] like Figure 7 As shown, step S60 may specifically include the following steps: S601: Obtain the negative effect index WND of the water network density. nei Biodiversity Negative Effect Index (BR) nei Vegetation cover negative effect index VC nei Land stress negative effects index LS nei Pollution load negative effect index PL nei Surface deformation negative effect index SD nei and the weights ; S602: Calculate the comprehensive index of negative ecological and environmental effects (EE) using the following formula. neci : (Equation 14).

[0048] Specifically, the ecological environment negative effect comprehensive index calculation method is to obtain the first evaluation index value and the evaluation index weight, and then calculate the ecological environment negative effect comprehensive index of each ecological negative effect evaluation space unit in the preset time period (point) during coal mining and after stopping production by using the comprehensive index method, and the calculation formula of the comprehensive index method is as shown in the above formula (14).

[0049] It can be understood that by calculating the ecological environment negative effect comprehensive index in the preset time period (point) during coal mining and after stopping production, it can be found out what kind of damage is encountered in the process of coal seam mining, what kind of repair is obtained, and which aspects need further repair.

[0050] Step S70: hierarchical evaluation based on the ecological environment negative effect comprehensive index of each ecological negative effect evaluation space unit, merging a plurality of adjacent ecological negative effect evaluation space units of the same level on a spatial mapping software platform to generate an ecological negative effect comprehensive evaluation map, merging adjacent evaluation space units with an ecological negative effect comprehensive index between 0.1 and 0.3 into one region, evaluating as a significantly deteriorated region, merging adjacent evaluation space units with an ecological negative effect comprehensive index greater than 0.3 into one region, evaluating as a significantly deteriorated region, and proposing targeted repair measures for different level regions.

[0051] Specifically, this step performs hierarchical evaluation on the ecological environment negative effect comprehensive index corresponding to each ecological negative effect evaluation space unit at different time periods (preset time period (point) during mining and after stopping production) obtained in step S60, and on a spatial mapping software (such as ArcGIS) platform, adjacent ecological negative effect evaluation space units of the same level are merged, and regions after merging of different levels are colored (such as red for significantly deteriorated regions, orange for obviously deteriorated regions, blue for slightly deteriorated regions, and green for no obvious deterioration), thereby obtaining a comprehensive evaluation map of the ecological environment damage of the entire coal mine to be evaluated (as shown in Figure 11 , which is a damage evaluation comprehensive map process file (Arcgis), Figure 12 , which is a comprehensive evaluation map), and finally, according to the ecological environment negative effect comprehensive index and the historical change of the first evaluation index value, targeted repair measures are proposed for each damage level partition, thereby realizing the ecological closed pit of the stopped production coal mine.

[0052] ​The ecological environment negative effect comprehensive evaluation method obtains the ecological environment negative effect comprehensive index of each ecological negative effect evaluation space unit of the coal mine in the preset time period (point) and after the production of the coal mine to be evaluated, carries out grading evaluation, and the specific grading can be carried out with reference to table 1. And on the platform of the spatial mapping software (such as ArcGIS), adjacent ecological negative effect evaluation space units of the same level are combined, so as to obtain the ecological environment damage comprehensive evaluation map of the whole coal mine to be evaluated. Finally, according to the ecological environment negative effect comprehensive index (EE ) and the historical change of the first level evaluation index value, targeted repair measures are proposed for each damage level partition.

[0053] Table 1: Ecological environment damage degree grading

[0054] As shown in Figure 8 , step S70 can specifically include the following steps: S701: grading according to the numerical range of the ecological environment negative effect comprehensive index EE neci , wherein EE neci ≤0.05 is no obvious deterioration, 0.05<EE neci ≤0.1 is slightly deteriorated, 0.1<EE neci ≤0.3 is obviously deteriorated, and EE neci >0.3 is significantly deteriorated; S702: on the platform of the spatial mapping software, adjacent ecological negative effect evaluation space units of the same level are combined, and the regions after combination of different levels are colored (for example, the obviously deteriorated region is colored red, the obviously deteriorated region is colored orange, the slightly deteriorated region is colored blue, and the no obvious deterioration region is colored green), and the ecological environment damage comprehensive evaluation map is generated; S703: for the no obvious deterioration region, the conservation protection mode is adopted, for the slightly deteriorated region, the natural recovery mode is adopted, for the obviously deteriorated region, the auxiliary regeneration mode is adopted, and for the significantly deteriorated region, the ecological reconstruction mode is adopted.

[0055] In some embodiments, the conservation protection mode includes: for the area where the ecological environment is not significantly deteriorated, stopping production and directly closing the pit; the natural recovery mode includes: for the area where the ecological environment is slightly deteriorated, stopping production and then closing the pit after a period of natural recovery; the assisted regeneration mode includes: for the area where the ecological environment is significantly deteriorated, taking assisted regeneration measures, monitoring for a period of time and then closing the pit; the assisted regeneration measures include: supplementing native vegetation, applying soil conditioner, and building water and soil conservation projects including retaining wall or drainage ditch; the ecological reconstruction mode includes: for the area where the ecological environment is significantly deteriorated, taking ecological reconstruction measures, monitoring until the ecological environment is significantly improved and then closing the pit; the ecological environment is significantly improved means that the comprehensive index of ecological environment negative effect is reduced to below 0.1, and the first level evaluation index is reduced by more than 50% compared with before the measures are taken. The ecological reconstruction measures include: remolding the terrain of the surface deformation area to restore the original slope and eliminate the abnormal surface relief caused by mining; dredging or rebuilding the hydrological network to improve the amount of water resources and the density of water network by building small-scale water collection facilities and restoring the connectivity of river channels; completely removing solid waste and treating pollutant emissions to reduce the pollution load in the soil and water, and simultaneously improving the soil salinization and hardening conditions by deep plowing, applying modifier and other methods; selecting drought-resistant and stress-tolerant native plants to construct multi-level plant communities, and introducing small animals adapted to the local ecosystem to reconstruct the complete biological chain; through the synergistic effect of the above measures, the basic structure and material and energy circulation function of the ecosystem are reconstructed, so that the ecosystem has the ability of self-maintenance and stable development.

[0056] It can be understood that through the above comprehensive analysis and evaluation, it can be found out how the original ecosystem of the coal mine is, how it is damaged in the process of coal seam mining, how it is repaired, and what aspects need to be further repaired to realize the ecological closure of the coal mine after stopping production. Not only the spatio-temporal evolution law of the ecological environment negative effect of the coal mine is investigated, but also the influence range and degree of the ecological environment negative effect of the closed mine are diagnosed and identified. It is of great significance to develop targeted ecological restoration plan, and can provide feasible transformation blueprint and reference example for the transformation and sustainable development of coal mine enterprises, provide practical technical support and decision basis for the development of technical requirements and acceptance methods of coal mine closure, and also provide theoretical basis and technical support for coal resource development and whole life cycle ecological environment protection in other environmentally fragile areas.

[0057] As shown in Figure 10 , the embodiment provides a comprehensive evaluation system for ecological environment negative effect of closed coal mine in arid and semiarid areas, which comprises: The data acquisition module 110 is configured to acquire basic data of a coal mine to be evaluated before mining, in a preset time period during mining, and after stopping production; the basic data includes environmental monitoring data related to hydrological environment, ecological system, soil degradation status, land use, and pollutant discharge; The ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit division module 120 is configured to acquire present status indexes in the basic data, perform standardization processing on the present status indexes, and then perform spatial clustering, and divide the coal mine to be evaluated into a plurality of ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units according to a spatial clustering result; the present status indexes are indexes selected from the basic data and used for dividing the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units; The secondary evaluation index calculation module 130 is configured to calculate secondary evaluation indexes for each of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units based on the basic data; the secondary evaluation indexes include heavy erosion area and moderate erosion area corresponding to water resource amount and soil loss amount, land stress area, habitat quality index, and biodiversity index. The primary evaluation index calculation module 140 is configured to calculate primary evaluation indexes for each of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units based on the basic data and the secondary evaluation indexes; the primary evaluation indexes include water network density negative effect index, biological abundance negative effect index, vegetation coverage negative effect index, land stress negative effect index, pollution load negative effect index, and surface deformation negative effect index. The index weight calculation module 150 is configured to calculate weights of the primary evaluation indexes by using an intelligent optimization algorithm. The negative effect comprehensive index calculation module 160 is configured to calculate ecological environment negative effect comprehensive indexes for each of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units by a comprehensive index method in combination with the primary evaluation indexes and the weights of each of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units. The negative effect comprehensive evaluation module 170 is configured to perform hierarchical evaluation based on the ecological environment negative effect comprehensive indexes of each of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units, combine a plurality of ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units of the same level on a spatial mapping software platform to generate an ecological negative effect comprehensive evaluation map, combine adjacent evaluation spatial units with ecological negative effect comprehensive indexes between 0.1 and 0.3 into one region and evaluate as a region of obvious deterioration, combine adjacent evaluation spatial units with ecological negative effect comprehensive indexes greater than 0.3 into one region and evaluate as a region of significant deterioration, and propose targeted repair measures for different level regions.

[0058] In some embodiments, the data acquisition module includes: A data source determination unit is configured to determine data sources, the data sources including remote sensing type earth observation data, measured data obtained through field investigation and measurement, and historical data formed through mine area monitoring and exploration design. a basic data collection unit configured to collect basic data based on the data sources determined by the data source determination unit, the basic data including river length, water area, water resource amount, precipitation, evapotranspiration, wild vascular plant richness, wild animal richness, ecosystem type diversity, species endemism, threatened species richness, invasive alien species invasion degree, land use type and area, rainfall erosion factor, soil erodibility, slope length and slope factor, vegetation coverage factor, terrain slope, building density, soil and water conservation measure factor, soil salinity index, soil hardening index, soil desertification index, chemical oxygen demand, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, smoke dust, ammonia nitrogen emission, solid waste, and land deformation value; a data arrangement and database construction unit configured to arrange the basic data according to three time dimensions of before mining, during mining, and after stopping production, and to construct a basic database and a cloud platform.

[0059] In some embodiments, the hardware devices of the data collection module can include: a satellite signal receiver (such as a ground receiving terminal of Landsat, Sentinel, MODIS, etc.) for receiving remote sensing satellite data, a GPS receiver, a total station, and a drone (carrying a high-resolution camera and a laser radar to obtain spatial data such as vegetation coverage and land deformation) for field spatial positioning and topographic mapping; a soil sampler, a portable soil salinity tester, and a soil hardening degree detector for soil property monitoring; a portable COD tester, a sulfur dioxide / nitrogen oxides detector, an ammonia nitrogen rapid test paper, and a sampling bottle for water quality and pollutant monitoring; a rain gauge and an evapotranspiration sensor for meteorological data collection; quadrat investigation tools (such as quadrat frames and plant specimen clips) and animal track recorders for biodiversity investigation; data storage devices (such as mobile hard drives and USB flash drives) and data transmission devices (such as 4G / 5G wireless transmission modules and wired network adapters) for obtaining historical data; and industrial computers or servers for integrating and temporarily storing data, which work cooperatively to achieve comprehensive collection, storage, and preliminary processing of the basic data.

[0060] In some embodiments, the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit division module includes: an index selection unit configured to select three status indicators of terrain slope, vegetation coverage, and building density from the basic data; a standardization processing unit configured to perform standardization processing on the three status indicators to obtain standardized index data eliminating dimensional differences; a spatial clustering unit, configured to perform spatial clustering on the standardized index data by using a clustering algorithm to obtain a spatial clustering result with similar index characteristics; the similar index characteristics refer to the fact that the standardized data of the terrain slope factor, the vegetation coverage factor, and the building density in the same clustering region satisfy a preset condition; the preset condition refers to the fact that the within-group sum of squares is less than a preset threshold, and the between-group sum of squares is greater than the preset threshold; a plot division unit, configured to divide the spatial clustering result into clustering plots with corresponding areas and shapes on a spatial mapping software platform, and each of the clustering plots is an ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit.

[0061] In some embodiments, the secondary evaluation index calculation module comprises: a water resource quantity calculation unit, configured to calculate the water resource quantity of each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit before mining, in a preset time period during mining, and after stopping production according to the Technical Specifications for Ecological Environment Status Evaluation; a soil erosion quantity calculation unit, configured to calculate the soil erosion quantity according to the formula A = FR × K × LS × C × P by using the rainfall erosivity factor FR, the soil erodibility K, the slope length and slope factor LS, the vegetation coverage factor C, and the water and soil conservation measure factor P in the basic data, and divide the soil erosion grade of each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit according to the Soil Erosion Classification and Grading Standard, and count the severe erosion area and the moderate erosion area; a land stress area calculation unit, configured to calculate the land stress area according to the formula wherein S SH is an area corresponding to the soil desertification index greater than 0, S YJ is an area corresponding to the soil salinity index greater than 0.25, and S BJ is an area corresponding to the soil hardening index less than -1; a habitat quality index calculation unit, configured to calculate the habitat quality index HQ of each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit in different periods based on the land use type and the area of each land type according to the Technical Specifications for Ecological Environment Status Evaluation; a biodiversity index calculation unit, configured to calculate the biodiversity index BI according to the Regional Biodiversity Evaluation Standard when there is dynamic update data.

[0062] In some embodiments, the primary evaluation index calculation module comprises: The water network density negative effect index calculation unit is configured to calculate the water network density indexes of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit of the coal mine to be evaluated before mining, during mining, and after production stoppage according to the Technical Specifications for Ecological Environment Status Evaluation. The water network density index WND=(84.3704083981×river length / evaluation unit area+591.7908642005×water area / evaluation unit area+86.3869548281×water resources / evaluation unit area) / 3. The water network density index before mining is taken as a background value , the water network density index during the preset time period of mining is , and the water network density negative effect index WND is calculated according to the following formula nei : ; The biological abundance negative effect index calculation unit is configured to calculate the biological abundance indexes of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit of the coal mine to be evaluated before mining, during mining, and after production stoppage according to the Technical Specifications for Ecological Environment Status Evaluation. The biological abundance index before mining is taken as a background value , the biological abundance index during the preset time period of mining is , and the biological abundance negative effect index BR is calculated according to the following formula nei : ; The vegetation coverage negative effect index calculation unit is configured to calculate the vegetation coverage indexes of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit of the coal mine to be evaluated before mining, during mining, and after production stoppage according to the Technical Specifications for Ecological Environment Status Evaluation. The vegetation coverage index before mining is taken as a background value , the vegetation coverage index during the preset time period of mining is , and the vegetation coverage negative effect index VC is calculated according to the following formula nei : ; The land stress negative effect index calculation unit is configured to calculate the land stress indexes of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit of the coal mine to be evaluated before mining, during mining, and after production stoppage according to the Technical Specifications for Ecological Environment Status Evaluation. The land stress index before mining is taken as a background value , the land stress index during the preset time period of mining is , and the land stress negative effect index LS is calculated according to the following formula nei : ; The pollution load negative effect index calculation unit is configured to calculate the pollution load indexes of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit of the coal mine to be evaluated before mining, during mining, and after production stoppage according to the Technical Specifications for Ecological Environment Status Evaluation. The pollution load index before mining is taken as a background value , the pollution load index during the preset time period of mining is The pollution load negative effect index PL is calculated using the following formula. nei : ; The surface deformation negative effect index calculation unit is used to calculate the surface deformation values ​​of the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit of the coal mine under evaluation before mining, during mining, and after shutdown, based on the monitoring results of interferometric synthetic aperture radar; the surface deformation value before mining is used as the background value. The surface deformation value during the preset time period in the mining process is The negative surface deformation index SD is calculated using the following formula. nei : .

[0063] In some embodiments, the indicator weight calculation module includes: The normalization processing unit is used to divide the closed coal mine area to be evaluated into n spatial evaluation units. Each spatial evaluation unit has m primary evaluation indicators, which can then form a matrix of primary evaluation indicators. The evaluation index matrix is ​​normalized using the following formula: ;in, The normalized value, x ij x represents the original index value. j,min x is the minimum value of the j-th indicator. j,max The maximum value of the j-th indicator; Fitness function building unit, used to set If the p-dimensional unit projection vector is , then the ... i Projected values ​​of each sample The fitness function is defined as follows: ; Among them, S Z The standard deviation of z(i) is calculated using the following formula: ; Among them, D Z The local density of z(i) is calculated using the following formula: ; Where E(z) is the average value of z(i), r i,k =|z(i)-z(k)|, R is the window width radius, and its value range is [ ], For a unit step function, when The value is 1 if the condition is met, otherwise it is 0. The iterative optimization unit is used to perform iterative optimization through population initialization, mutation, crossover and selection operations. When the maximum number of iterations, function convergence or function value is reached, the optimal projection direction is obtained. A weight conversion unit is configured to convert the projection vector of the optimal projection direction into a unit vector to obtain a weight vector of the first-level evaluation index. .

[0064] In some embodiments, the negative effect comprehensive index calculation module comprises: a data acquisition unit configured to acquire the water network density negative effect index WND nei , the biological abundance negative effect index BR nei , the vegetation cover negative effect index VC nei , the land stress negative effect index LS nei , the pollution load negative effect index PL nei , the surface deformation negative effect index SD nei , and the weight ; a comprehensive index calculation unit configured to calculate the ecological environment negative effect comprehensive index EE neci according to the following formula: .

[0065] In some embodiments, the negative effect comprehensive evaluation module comprises: a hierarchical ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit configured to be classified according to the numerical range of the ecological environment negative effect comprehensive index EE neci , wherein no obvious deterioration is EE neci ≤ 0.05, slight deterioration is 0.05 < EE neci ≤ 0.1, obvious deterioration is 0.1 < EE neci ≤ 0.3, and significant deterioration is EE neci > 0.3; an evaluation map generation unit configured to combine adjacent ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units of the same level on a spatial mapping software platform to generate an ecological environment damage comprehensive evaluation map; a repair measure proposal unit configured to propose a conservation protection mode for the no obvious deterioration area, a natural recovery mode for the slight deterioration area, an auxiliary regeneration mode for the obvious deterioration area, and an ecological reconstruction mode for the significant deterioration area.

[0066] In some embodiments, in the repair measure proposal unit: the conservation protection mode specifically refers to stopping production and directly closing the pit for the no obvious deterioration area; the natural recovery mode specifically refers to stopping production and closing the pit after natural recovery for a period of time for the slight deterioration area; The auxiliary regeneration mode is specifically artificial auxiliary regeneration measures such as supplementing native vegetation, applying soil conditioner, and building a slag retaining wall or drainage ditch for water and soil conservation engineering in the obviously deteriorated area, and the mine is closed after a period of monitoring; The ecological reconstruction mode is specifically ecological reconstruction measures for the obviously deteriorated area, and the mine is closed after monitoring until the comprehensive index of negative ecological environment effect is reduced to below 0.1 and the first-level evaluation index is reduced by more than 50% compared with before the implementation.

[0067] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, only the division of the above functional units and modules is exemplified, and in actual application, the above functions can be completed by different functional units and modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. Each functional unit or module in the embodiment can be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit, and the integrated unit can be realized in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional unit. In addition, the specific name of each functional unit or module is only for convenient distinction, and does not limit the protection scope of the present application. The specific working process of the unit or module in the above system can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0068] The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and the program is executed by a processor to realize any one of the above methods.

[0069] The integrated module / unit, if implemented in the form of a software function unit and sold or used as an independent product, can be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, all or part of the processes in the method embodiments of the present application can also be completed by a computer program instructing related hardware, and the computer program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium. The computer program can be executed by a processor to implement the steps of each method embodiment. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files or some intermediate forms. The computer readable medium can include any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, U disk, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium, etc. Of course, there are other ways of readable storage medium, such as quantum memory, graphene memory, etc. It should be noted that the contents of the computer readable medium can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction, for example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, the computer readable medium does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0070] The present application also provides an electronic device. The electronic device of the embodiments of the present application comprises: one or more processors; a storage device configured to store one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method provided by the present application.

[0071] Reference will now be made to the following description Figure 13 which shows a structural schematic diagram of a computer system 800 suitable for implementing the electronic device of the embodiments of the present application. Figure 13 The electronic device shown is only an example and should not impose any limitation on the functions and use range of the embodiments of the present application.

[0072] As Figure 13 shown, the computer system 800 comprises a central processing unit (CPU) 801, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to programs stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 802 or programs loaded from a storage portion 808 to a random access memory (RAM) 803. In the RAM 803, various programs and data required for the operation of the computer system 800 are also stored. The CPU 801, the ROM 802 and the RAM 803 are connected to each other through a bus 804. An input / output (I / O) interface 805 is also connected to the bus 804.

[0073] The following components are connected to the I / O interface 805: an input part 806 including a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output part 807 including a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), etc., and a speaker, etc.; a storage part 808 including a hard disk, etc.; and a communication part 809 including a network interface card such as a LAN card, a modem, etc. The communication part 809 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. A drive 810 is also connected to the I / O interface 805 as necessary. A removable medium 811 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, etc. is attached to the drive 810 as necessary, so that a computer program read therefrom is installed in the storage part 808 as necessary.

[0074] In particular, according to the embodiments disclosed herein, the process described by the above main flowchart can be implemented as a computer software program. For example, the embodiments of the present application include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer readable medium, the computer program containing program code for executing the method shown in the main flowchart. In the above embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network by the communication part 809, and / or installed from the removable medium 811. When the computer program is executed by the central processing unit 801, the above described functions defined in the system of the present application are executed.

[0075] The above detailed description does not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present application. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall fall within the scope of the protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A comprehensive evaluation method for the ecological negative effects of closed coal mines in arid and semiarid regions, characterized by, Comprising the following steps: S10: Obtain the basic data of the closed coal mine to be evaluated before mining, during mining, and after stopping production for a preset period of time; the basic data includes environmental monitoring data related to hydrological environment, ecological system, soil degradation status, land use, and pollutant discharge; S20: Obtain the current status indicators in the basic data, and perform standardization processing and spatial clustering on the current status indicators, and divide the coal mine to be evaluated into multiple ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units according to the spatial clustering result; the current status indicators are indicators selected from the basic data for dividing the ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units; S30: Based on the basic data, calculate the secondary evaluation indicators for each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit; the secondary evaluation indicators include water resource quantity, heavy and moderate erosion area corresponding to soil loss quantity, land stress area, habitat quality index, and biodiversity index; S40: Based on the basic data and the secondary evaluation indicators, calculate the primary evaluation indicators for each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit; the primary evaluation indicators include water network density negative effect index, biological abundance negative effect index, vegetation cover negative effect index, land stress negative effect index, pollution load negative effect index, and surface deformation negative effect index; S50: Calculate the weight of the primary evaluation indicators by using an intelligent optimization algorithm; S60: Calculate the ecological environment negative effect comprehensive index for each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit by using a comprehensive index method in combination with the primary evaluation indicators and the weight of each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit; S70: Perform hierarchical evaluation based on the ecological environment negative effect comprehensive index of each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit, combine multiple ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units of the same level to generate an ecological negative effect comprehensive evaluation map, and propose targeted remediation measures for different level regions.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, Step S10 includes the following steps: S101: Determine the data source, which includes remote sensing type earth observation data, measured data obtained through field investigation and measurement, and historical data formed through mine area monitoring, exploration, and design; S102: Collect the basic data based on the determined data source, which includes river length, water area, water resource quantity, precipitation, evapotranspiration, wild vascular plant richness, wild animal richness, ecological system type diversity, species specificity, threatened species richness, invasive species invasion degree, land use type and area, rainfall erosion factor, soil erodibility, slope length and slope factor, vegetation cover factor, terrain slope, building density, soil and water conservation measure factor, soil salinity index, soil hardening index, soil desertification index, chemical oxygen demand, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, smoke dust, ammonia nitrogen emission, solid waste, and surface deformation value; S103: Organize the basic data according to the three time dimensions of before mining, during mining, and after stopping production for a preset period of time, and establish a basic database and a cloud platform.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, Step S20 includes the following steps: S201: select the terrain slope factor, vegetation coverage factor, and building density as three status indicators in the basic data; S202: standardize the three status indicators to obtain standardized index data that eliminates dimensional differences; S203: use a clustering algorithm to perform spatial clustering on the standardized index data to obtain spatial clustering results with similar index characteristics; the similar index characteristics refer to the standardized data of the terrain slope factor, vegetation coverage factor, and building density in the same clustering region satisfying a preset condition, and the preset condition refers to the within-group sum of squares being less than a preset threshold and the between-group sum of squares being greater than the preset threshold; S204: divide the spatial clustering results into clustering polygons with corresponding areas and shapes on a spatial mapping software platform, and each clustering polygon is an ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein, Step S30 includes the following steps: S301: calculate the water resource quantity before mining, in a preset time period during mining, and after stopping production of each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit of the closed coal mine to be evaluated according to the Technical Specifications for Ecological Environment Status Evaluation; S302: using the rainfall erosivity factor FR, soil erodibility K, slope length and gradient factor LS, vegetation cover factor C and soil and water conservation measures factor P in the basic data, calculating the soil loss amount according to the following formula: A = FR x K x LS x C x P; according to the "soil erosion classification and grading standard", the soil erosion grade of each ecological negative effect evaluation space unit is divided, and the heavy erosion area and the moderate erosion area of the closed pit coal mine to be evaluated are counted S ZHDQ and moderate erosion area S ZDQ ; S303: Calculate the land stress area according to the following formula S QTXP : ; wherein S SH is the area corresponding to the soil desertification index greater than 0, S YJ is the area corresponding to the soil salinity index greater than 0.25, S BJ is the area corresponding to the soil compaction index less than -1; S304: refer to the Technical Specifications for Ecological Environment Status Evaluation, and calculate the habitat quality index HQ based on the land use type and the area of each land class obtained before mining, in a preset time period during mining, and after stopping production of each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit of the closed coal mine to be evaluated; S305: when there is dynamic update data, calculate the biodiversity index BI according to the Regional Biodiversity Evaluation Standard.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, Step S40 includes the following steps: S401: According to the "Technical Specifications for Ecological Environment Assessment", the water network density indexes of the ecological negative effect evaluation space unit of the coal mine to be evaluated before mining, during mining and after shutdown are calculated respectively, wherein the water network density index WND=(84.3704083981*river length / evaluation unit area+591.7908642005*water area / evaluation unit area+86.3869548281*water resources / evaluation unit area) / 3; the water network density index before mining is taken as the background value , the water network density index of the preset time period during mining is , and the water network density negative effect index WND nei is calculated according to the following formula: ; S402: calculate the biological abundance index of the ecological negative effect evaluation space unit of the coal mine to be evaluated before mining, during mining and after production according to the "Technical Specifications for Ecological Environment Evaluation"; the biological abundance index before mining is taken as the background value , the biological abundance index of the preset time period during mining is , and the biological abundance negative effect index BR is calculated according to the following formula nei : ; S403: calculate the vegetation cover index of the ecological negative effect evaluation space unit of the coal mine to be evaluated before mining, during mining and after production according to the "Technical Specifications for Ecological Environment Evaluation"; take the vegetation cover index before mining as the background value , the vegetation cover index of the preset time period during mining is , and the vegetation cover negative effect index VC is calculated according to the following formula nei : ; S404: According to the "Technical Specifications for Ecological Environment Assessment", the land stress indexes of the ecological negative effect evaluation space unit of the coal mine to be evaluated before mining, during mining and after production are calculated respectively; the land stress index before mining is taken as the background value , the land stress index of the preset time period during mining is , and the land stress negative effect index LS is calculated according to the following formula nei : ; S405: According to the "Technical Specifications for Ecological Environment Assessment", the pollution load indexes of the ecological negative effect evaluation space unit of the coal mine to be evaluated before mining, during mining and after production are calculated respectively; the pollution load index before mining is taken as the background value , the pollution load index of the preset time period during mining is , and the pollution load negative effect index PL is calculated according to the following formula nei : ； S406: Based on the monitoring result of the interferometric synthetic aperture radar, surface deformation values of the ecological negative effect evaluation space unit of the coal mine to be evaluated before mining, during mining and after production stop are calculated respectively; taking the surface deformation value before mining as a background value , the surface deformation value of the preset time period during mining is , and the surface deformation negative effect index SD is calculated according to the following formula nei : 。 6. The method of claim 5, wherein, Step S50 includes the following steps: S501: The closed coal mine to be evaluated is divided into n spatial evaluation units, each of which has m first-level evaluation indexes, and a matrix of first-level evaluation indexes can be formed , The evaluation index matrix is normalized according to the following formula: ; wherein, is the normalized value, x ij is the original index value, x j,min is the minimum value of the jth index, x j,max is the maximum value of the jth index; S502: Set For a p-dimensional unit projection vector, the projection value of the i-th sample is i Define the fitness function as: ;​ where S Z is the standard deviation of z(i) calculated as follows: ； where D Z is the local density of z(i) and is calculated as follows: ； wherein E(z) is the average value of z(i), r i,k = |z(i) - z(k)|, R is the window width radius, and the value range is [ ], is a unit step function, which is 1 when , otherwise 0. S503: obtain the optimal projection direction by performing iteration optimization through initialization of a population, mutation operation, crossover operation, and selection operation; the iteration reaches the maximum number of iterations, the fitness function converges, or the fitness function value reaches the maximum value; S504: projection vector of the best projection direction , converted into a unit vector, satisfies At this time, is the weight of the first-level evaluation index .

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, Step S60 includes the following steps: S601: obtaining the water network density negative effect index WND nei , the biological abundance negative effect index BR nei , the vegetation cover negative effect index VC nei , the land stress negative effect index LS nei , the pollution load negative effect index PL nei , the surface deformation negative effect index SD nei , and the weight ; S602: Calculate the comprehensive index of ecological environment negative effect EE according to the following formula neci : 。 8. The method of claim 7, wherein, Step S70 includes the following steps: S701: Based on the comprehensive index of negative ecological and environmental effects (EE) neci The numerical ranges are classified into levels, where EE neci ≤0.05 indicates no significant deterioration, 0.05 <EE neci ≤0.1 indicates slight deterioration, 0.1 <EE neci ≤0.3 indicates significant deterioration, EE neci >0.3 indicates significant deterioration; S702: merge multiple ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units of the same level on a spatial mapping software platform, and color the merged regions of different levels to generate an ecological environment damage comprehensive evaluation map; S703: for a region with no obvious deterioration, adopt a conservation protection mode; for a slightly deteriorated region, adopt a natural recovery mode; for an obviously deteriorated region, adopt an assisted regeneration mode; and for a significantly deteriorated region, adopt an ecological reconstruction mode.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the conservation protection mode includes: for a region with no obvious deterioration of the ecological environment, stopping production and directly closing the pit after stopping production; the natural recovery mode includes: for a slightly deteriorated region, stopping production and closing the pit after a period of natural recovery; the assisted regeneration mode includes: for an obviously deteriorated region, taking assisted regeneration measures, monitoring for a period of time after implementation, and then closing the pit; the assisted regeneration measures include: supplementing native vegetation, applying soil conditioners, and building water and soil conservation projects including retaining walls or drainage ditches. The ecological reconstruction mode comprises: for the area where the ecological environment is significantly deteriorated, taking ecological reconstruction measures, and monitoring after implementation until the ecological environment is obviously improved to close the pit; the ecological environment is obviously improved refers to that the ecological environment negative effect comprehensive index is reduced to 0.1 or less, and the first-level evaluation index is reduced by more than 50% compared with before the implementation of the measures.

10. A comprehensive evaluation system for the ecological negative effects of closed coal mines in arid and semi-arid regions, characterized by, Comprise: A data acquisition module is configured to acquire basic data before and during mining of a coal mine to be evaluated, in a preset time period, and after stopping production; An ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit division module is configured to divide the coal mine to be evaluated into a plurality of ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units by spatial clustering after standardizing present status indexes in the basic data acquired by the data acquisition module; A second-level evaluation index calculation module is configured to calculate second-level evaluation indexes for each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit based on the basic data acquired by the data acquisition module; A first-level evaluation index calculation module is configured to calculate first-level evaluation indexes for each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit based on the basic data acquired by the data acquisition module and the second-level evaluation indexes calculated by the second-level evaluation index calculation module; An index weight calculation module is configured to calculate weights of the first-level evaluation indexes calculated by the first-level evaluation index calculation module by using an intelligent optimization algorithm; A negative effect comprehensive index calculation module is configured to calculate ecological environment negative effect comprehensive indexes for each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit by a comprehensive index method based on the first-level evaluation indexes of each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit and the weights calculated by the index weight calculation module; A negative effect comprehensive evaluation module is configured to perform hierarchical evaluation based on the ecological environment negative effect comprehensive indexes of each ecological negative effect evaluation spatial unit, to combine a plurality of adjacent ecological negative effect evaluation spatial units of the same level on a spatial mapping software platform to generate an ecological negative effect comprehensive evaluation map, to combine adjacent evaluation spatial units with ecological negative effect comprehensive indexes between 0.1 and 0.3 into one region and evaluate as a significantly deteriorated region, to combine adjacent evaluation spatial units with ecological negative effect comprehensive indexes greater than 0.3 into one region and evaluate as a significantly deteriorated region, and to propose targeted repair measures for different level regions.

Images