Antenna, array antenna and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides an antenna, an array antenna and electronic equipment. The antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate and a third dielectric substrate which are stacked in sequence, the radiation layer is arranged on one side, deviating from the second dielectric substrate, of the first dielectric substrate; the radiation layer comprises a plurality of radiation slots penetrating in the thickness direction of the radiation layer; the coupling layer is arranged between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate; the coupling layer comprises a coupling gap penetrating in the thickness direction; orthographic projections of the coupling slot and the radiation slot on the first dielectric substrate are not overlapped; the at least one feeder line is arranged between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate; orthographic projections of the feeder line and the coupling slot on the first dielectric substrate are at least partially overlapped; the reference electrode layer is arranged on one side, deviating from the second dielectric substrate, of the third dielectric substrate; the reference electrode layer comprises a plurality of reference gaps penetrating in the thickness direction of the reference electrode layer; the orthographic projection of the reference gap and the orthographic projection of the feeder line on the first dielectric substrate are at least partially overlapped.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to an antenna, an array antenna and an electronic device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In modern communication systems, the pursuit of high-speed transmission and large-capacity data transmission has driven the rapid development of 5G communication technology. Sub-6GHz 5G technology provides users with higher data transmission speed and greater communication capacity due to its excellent performance. With the continuous progress of antenna technology, the design trend of antenna devices is increasingly towards miniaturization, aestheticization and other directions. However, traditional antenna forms have been unable to meet these new demands, so the development of new antenna forms has become the focus of the industry.

[0003] In recent years, in the field of indoor antennas, in order to meet the demand for antenna installation in hot spot areas and residential areas, transparent antennas have gradually emerged. Such antennas not only need to have good light transmission to facilitate integration with transparent devices, but also need to exhibit stable radiation characteristics in the 5G communication frequency band and ensure environmental friendliness. These characteristics make transparent antennas a key factor in improving user mobile network experience.

[0004] In order to meet these needs, the industry is constantly exploring and innovating, striving to develop more advanced and practical transparent antenna products. These products will not only promote the further development of 5G communication technology, but also bring users a more convenient and efficient communication experience. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provides an antenna comprising:

[0006] a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate and a third dielectric substrate stacked in sequence;

[0007] a radiation layer provided on a side of the first dielectric substrate facing away from the second dielectric substrate; the radiation layer comprises a plurality of radiation slots penetrating in a thickness direction thereof;

[0008] a coupling layer provided between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate; the coupling layer comprises a coupling slot penetrating in a thickness direction thereof; the coupling slot and the radiation slot have no overlap on the orthographic projection of the first dielectric substrate;

[0009] at least one feed line provided between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate; the feed line and the orthographic projection of the coupling slot on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlap;

[0010] A reference electrode layer is disposed on a side of the third dielectric substrate facing away from the second dielectric substrate; the reference electrode layer includes a plurality of reference slits extending through a thickness direction thereof; the reference slits at least partially overlap with the orthographic projection of the feed line on the first dielectric substrate.

[0011] In some optional embodiments, any two adjacent radiation slits are disposed in rotational symmetry; the radiation slits include first sub-slits and second sub-slits connected to each other;

[0012] For the two radiation slits disposed in rotational symmetry, the intersection of the straight lines on which the extension directions of the two first sub-slits of the two radiation slits lie is the rotation center of the two radiation slits.

[0013] For the radiation slits, the extension direction of the second sub-slit intersects with the extension direction of the first sub-slit, and one end of the first sub-slit is connected to the center of the second sub-slit.

[0014] In some optional embodiments, the second sub-slit extends through the edge of the radiation layer in the thickness direction of the radiation layer.

[0015] In some optional embodiments, the coupling slit includes third sub-slits and fourth sub-slits disposed in intersection, and the intersection of the two defines four sub-regions.

[0016] The number of the radiation slits is four, and one radiation slit is disposed in one sub-region.

[0017] In some optional embodiments, the number of the feed lines is two, which are a first feed line and a second feed line.

[0018] The orthographic projection of the first feed line on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlaps with the third sub-slit; the orthographic projection of the second feed line on the first dielectric substrate at least partially overlaps with the fourth sub-slit.

[0019] In some optional embodiments, the outer contour of the coupling layer includes a plurality of side edges and a plurality of connecting edges alternately connected, the length of the side edge is greater than the length of the connecting edge.

[0020] For the side edge and the connecting edge connected to each other, the included angle between the two is an obtuse angle.

[0021] In some optional embodiments, the antenna further includes a plurality of coupling portions disposed in the same layer as the coupling layer; at least part of the coupling portions at least partially overlap with the orthographic projection of the feed line on the first dielectric substrate.

[0022] The plurality of coupling portions are arranged along a circumference of the coupling layer in sequence, and a projection of the radiation layer on the first dielectric substrate is located within a region defined by projections of the plurality of coupling portions on the first dielectric substrate.

[0023] In some optional embodiments, the plurality of reference slots are rotationally symmetric with respect to a center of the reference electrode layer; and a line connecting the center of the reference slot and the center of the reference electrode layer is perpendicular to an extension direction of the reference slot.

[0024] The embodiments of the present disclosure further provide an array antenna, comprising a plurality of antennas arranged in an array; the antennas are the antennas described in the above embodiments.

[0025] In some optional embodiments, each of the antennas comprises two feeding lines, i.e., a first feeding line and a second feeding line; the extension direction of the first feeding line is perpendicular to the extension direction of the second feeding line.

[0026] The array antenna further comprises a first power divider and a second power divider; the first power divider is connected to each of the first feeding lines and configured to provide a first feeding signal to each of the first feeding lines; the second power divider is connected to each of the second feeding lines and configured to provide a second feeding signal to each of the second feeding lines; the first feeding signal is orthogonal to the second feeding signal.

[0027] The embodiments of the present disclosure further provide an electronic device comprising the array antenna described in the above embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a top view structure of a radiation layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another top view structure of a radiation layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a top view structure of a coupling layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of another top view structure of a coupling layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a top view structure of a feeding line according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] Figure 7A top view structural schematic diagram of a reference electrode layer provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 8 A top view structural schematic diagram of a coupling part provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 9 An S11 simulation curve diagram of the antenna of the first example provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 10 A gain simulation result diagram of the antenna of the first example provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] Figure 11 An S11 simulation curve diagram of the antenna of the second example provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] Figure 12 A top view structural schematic diagram of an array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] Figure 13 An S11 simulation curve diagram of each port of the array antenna shown in the first example provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 12

[0041] A gain simulation result diagram of the array antenna shown in the first example provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 14 Figure 12 A 3dB beamwidth simulation result diagram of the array antenna shown in the first example provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 15 Figure 12 A top view structural schematic diagram of another array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] Figure 16 In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0044]

[0045] ​​​Unless otherwise defined, technical terms and scientific terms used in the present application shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "a", "an", "one", "this", and the like, as used in the present application, do not denote number restriction, can represent singular or plural. The terms "include", "comprise", "have" and any variations thereof in the present application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product or device including a series of steps or modules (units) is not limited to the listed steps or units, but can further include steps or units not listed, or can further include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices. The terms "connect", "connect", "couple" and the like in the present application are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The term "multiple" in the present application means two or more. The term "and / or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, "A and / or B" can represent the three cases of A alone, A and B together, and B alone. The character " / " generally represents that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. The terms "first", "second", "third" and the like in the present application are only to distinguish similar objects, and do not represent a specific order of the objects. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to represent the relative positional relationship, when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0046] As used herein, "parallel", "perpendicular" includes the stated case and the approximate case similar to the stated case, the range of which is within the acceptable deviation range, wherein the acceptable deviation range is determined by the person skilled in the art considering the measurement being discussed and the error related to the measurement of a specific quantity (i.e. the limitation of the measurement system). For example, "parallel" includes absolute parallel and approximate parallel, wherein the acceptable deviation range of approximate parallel can be, for example, within 5°; "perpendicular" includes absolute perpendicular and approximate perpendicular, wherein the acceptable deviation range of approximate perpendicular can also be, for example, within 5°. It should be understood that when a layer or element is referred to as being on another layer or substrate, it can be that the layer or element is directly on the other layer or substrate, or there can be an intermediate layer between the layer or element and the other layer or substrate.

[0047] The embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna, Figure 1 The sectional structure of the antenna is shown in the figure. As Figure 1As shown, the antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate 11, a second dielectric substrate 12 and a third dielectric substrate 13 stacked in sequence, a radiation layer 2 disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 11 away from the second dielectric substrate 12, a coupling layer 3 disposed between the first dielectric substrate 11 and the second dielectric substrate 12, at least one feed line 4 disposed between the second dielectric substrate 12 and the third dielectric substrate 13, and a reference electrode layer 5 disposed on the side of the third dielectric substrate 13 away from the second dielectric substrate 12.

[0048] With reference still to Figure 1 , the radiation layer 2 is provided with a plurality of radiation slots 20 penetrating in the thickness direction thereof, the coupling layer 3 is provided with a plurality of coupling slots 30 penetrating in the thickness direction thereof, and the radiation slots 20 and the coupling slots 30 have no overlap in the orthographic projection on the first dielectric substrate 11. The feed line 4 is connected with a power-dividing feed network (not shown in the figure) for receiving a feed signal from the power-dividing feed network. The feed line 4 and the coupling slots 30 at least partially overlap in the orthographic projection on the first dielectric substrate 11, so that the feed signal on the feed line 4 can be transmitted to the radiation slots 20 in the form of electromagnetic waves through the coupling slots 30 and radiated to the outside through the radiation slots 20. The coupling slots 30 on the coupling layer 3 can effectively transmit signals from the feed line 4 to the radiation layer 2, improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna. At the same time, the provision of the coupling layer 3 can also increase the bandwidth of the antenna, achieving better impedance matching. The reference electrode layer 5 is provided with a plurality of reference slots 50 penetrating in the thickness direction thereof, and the reference slots 50 and the feed line at least partially overlap in the orthographic projection on the first dielectric substrate 11. The reference slots 50 can serve as calibration or reference points for optimizing the performance of the antenna. By providing the reference slots 50, further regulation of the feed signal can be achieved, helping to reduce signal interference inside the antenna and improving the transmission quality of the signal.

[0049] It should be noted that the first dielectric substrate 11, the second dielectric substrate 12 and the third dielectric substrate 13 can be designed into different shapes according to different application scenarios, such as square, rectangle, circle, ellipse or polygon, etc. The outer contours of the radiation layer 2, the coupling layer 3 and the reference electrode layer 5 provided on the first dielectric substrate 11 can also be designed into different shapes according to different requirements for the performance of the antenna, such as square, rectangle, circle, ellipse or polygon, etc., which are not limited by the present disclosure. In order to increase the aesthetics and symmetry of the antenna, the first dielectric substrate 11, the second dielectric substrate 12, the third dielectric substrate 13, the radiation layer 2, the coupling layer 3 and the reference electrode layer 5 are coaxially arranged, that is, the centers of the six are completely coincident in the xoy plane. Here, the center refers to the geometric center of a figure. For example, for a square or rectangular radiation layer, the center of the radiation layer refers to the intersection of the two diagonals of the square or rectangle. For example, for an elliptical radiation layer, the center of the radiation layer refers to the intersection of the major axis and the minor axis of the ellipse. And so on. For ease of description, the centers of the above six are referred to as the first center O1 in the following, so as to describe the structure of the antenna. In addition, the slots on each layer of the antenna (such as the radiation layer 2, the coupling layer 3 and the reference electrode layer 5) are designed in a symmetrical layout, which not only makes the antenna more harmonious in vision, but also reduces electromagnetic interference generated when the antenna works to a certain extent, further improving the performance of the antenna. At the same time, the symmetrical design is also helpful for the installation and layout of the antenna in electronic devices, making it easier to integrate with other components, improving the overall aesthetics and practicality.

[0050] Specifically, the radiation layer 2 includes a plurality of radiation slots 20 penetrating along the thickness direction thereof, each radiation slot 20 including a first sub-slot 201 and a second sub-slot 202 extending in different directions and connected to each other. For the plurality of radiation slots 20, any two adjacent radiation slots 20 are rotationally symmetrical, and the rotation center of the rotational symmetry is the intersection of the straight line where the extension directions of the two first sub-slots 201 in the two radiation slots 20 are located. Figure 2 An exemplary top view structural schematic diagram of the radiation layer provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in FIG. 2. Figure 2As shown, in this example, the outer contour of the radiation layer 2 is a square. The radiation layer 2 includes four radiation slots 20 arranged symmetrically about a first center O1, with a rotation angle of 90°. Each radiation slot 20 includes a first sub-slot 201 and a second sub-slot 202 that are interconnected. The straight line extending from the first sub-slot 201 passes through the first center O1, and the extension direction of the second sub-slot 202 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the first sub-slot 201 and parallel to the edge of the outer contour of the square radiation layer 2. One end of the first sub-slot 201 is connected to the midpoint of the second sub-slot 202, thus forming a T-shaped slot. The four T-shaped slots are evenly arranged around the first center O1, and the included angle between any two adjacent T-shaped slots is 90°. The length L1 of the first sub-slot 201 ranges from 4mm to 10mm, and the width W1 of the first sub-slot 201 ranges from 1mm to 3mm. The length L2 of the second sub-gap 202 is 5mm to 15mm.

[0051] In some examples, there is a certain distance between the second sub-slit 202 and the edge of the radiation layer 2, such as Figure 2 As shown, this distance can be, for example, 2mm to 4mm. Setting a certain distance between the second sub-slot 202 and the edge of the radiating layer 2 can effectively reduce the impact of edge effects on antenna performance, controlling the reflection of electromagnetic waves at the edge of the radiating layer 2 and reducing unnecessary radiation loss and harmonic interference. Furthermore, this arrangement also helps optimize the antenna's impedance matching, improving the overall radiation efficiency and directivity of the antenna. In other examples, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the second sub-slit 202 penetrates the edge of the radiation layer 2 along its thickness direction. In other words, a portion of the edge of the radiation layer 2 is cut off by the second sub-slit 202. At this point, the inner contour of the T-shaped slit becomes part of the edge of the radiation layer 2. The radiation layer 2 then forms a structure similar to a maple leaf, as shown... Figure 3 As shown. Among them, Figure 3 The radiating layer structure shown can effectively extend the current path at the edge of the radiating layer, thereby reducing current concentration and abrupt changes, and thus reducing radiation loss and harmonic generation. Furthermore, this structure helps to improve the antenna's bandwidth and gain, enabling it to maintain good performance across different frequency ranges.

[0052] It should be noted that, in addition to the T-shaped slot, the shape of the radiating slot 20 in this disclosure can also be various other shapes to adapt to different application needs and performance requirements. For example, the radiating slot 20 can be designed as an I-shape, a cross shape, or other complex shapes. These shapes are chosen to optimize the antenna's radiation characteristics, impedance matching, and bandwidth. By adjusting the shape and size of the radiating slot 20, the propagation path and reflection of electromagnetic waves on the radiating layer 2 can be effectively controlled, thereby achieving the desired antenna performance. Furthermore, the shape design of the radiating slot 20 can also consider the synergistic effect with other antenna parameters, such as the antenna's operating frequency, polarization, and radiation pattern, to achieve optimal overall performance.

[0053] Figure 4 This is a top view of a coupling layer provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in the diagram. Figure 4 As shown, the size of coupling layer 3 is comparable to that of radiating layer 2, and since they are concentric, their orthogonal projections onto the first dielectric substrate 11 largely overlap, thus achieving good electromagnetic coupling. For example, as... Figure 4 As shown, the outer contour of coupling layer 3 is a square, and the side length of the square is 20mm to 25mm.

[0054] Continue to refer to Figure 4 The coupling layer 3 includes a coupling slot 30, which comprises a third sub-slot 301 and a fourth sub-slot 302 arranged intersecting each other. The midpoints of the third sub-slot 301 and the fourth sub-slot 302 coincide. Preferably, their extension directions can be set to be perpendicular to each other, in which case the third sub-slot 301 and the fourth sub-slot 302 form a cross-shaped slot. For example, the length of the cross-shaped slot (i.e., the length of the third sub-slot 301 and the fourth sub-slot 302) is 15mm to 20mm, and the width of the cross-shaped slot (i.e., the width of the third sub-slot 301 and the fourth sub-slot 302) is 1mm to 3mm. The cross-shaped slot divides the coupling layer 3 into four sub-regions, each with an angle range of 90°. Within each sub-region, a T-shaped radiation slot 20 is correspondingly provided on the radiation layer 2. In other words, the third sub-slot 301 and the fourth sub-slot 302 do not overlap with the orthographic projection of the T-shaped radiating slot 20 onto the first dielectric substrate 11. This design not only ensures the effective transmission of electromagnetic waves between the coupling layer 3 and the radiating layer 2, but also avoids unnecessary electromagnetic interference. Furthermore, the cross-shaped slot arrangement allows electromagnetic waves to be evenly distributed in all directions of the antenna, thereby improving the antenna's radiation efficiency and directivity.

[0055] In some examples, to ensure structural symmetry, the outer contour of coupling layer 3 can be square or rectangular. In other examples, the square coupling layer 3 can also be chamfered. Specifically,Figure 5 Another top view of the coupling layer is provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure, as shown in Figure 5 As shown, the outer contour of the coupling layer 3 includes four side edges S1 and four connecting edges S2 connected alternately, the length of the side edge S1 is greater than the length of the connecting edge S2, and the included angle between any side edge S1 and the connecting edge S2 connected thereto is an obtuse angle, at this time, the outer contour of the coupling layer 3 is a symmetrical octagon. And the extension direction of the two connecting edges S2 oppositely arranged along the extension direction of the third sub-slot 301 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the third sub-slot 301, and the extension direction of the two connecting edges S2 oppositely arranged along the extension direction of the fourth sub-slot 302 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the fourth sub-slot 302. That is, the coupling layer 3 at this time is not only an axisymmetric figure, but also a rotationally symmetric figure with a rotation angle of 90°. In this way, the radiation performance of the antenna in each direction can be uniform, and the overall performance of the antenna can be improved. In addition, this design can also make the antenna more convenient to install and use, because its performance can remain consistent in any direction. Moreover, the cutting angle design of the coupling layer 3 can also make the antenna better disperse and resist external force when subjected to external force, thereby improving the stability and durability of the antenna.

[0056] Figure 6 A structure diagram of a feed line is provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 6 The antenna includes at least one feed line 4, and the number of the feed line 4 can be two in an example. The feed line 4 is used to transmit the feed signal received from the power division feed network to the radiation slot 20 through the coupling slot 30, so the feed line and the coupling slot 30 at least partially overlap in the orthographic projection on the first dielectric substrate 11. In a specific example, as shown in Figure 6As shown, the two feed lines are a first feed line 41 and a second feed line 42. The first feed line 41 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the third sub-slot 301 on the first dielectric substrate 11, and the second feed line 42 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the fourth sub-slot 302 on the first dielectric substrate 11. Furthermore, to increase the overlap area between the feed lines and the coupling slots 30 and improve signal transmission efficiency, the extension direction of the first feed line 41 is the same as the extension direction of the third sub-slot 301, and the orthographic projection of the first feed line 41 on the first dielectric substrate 11 covers almost half of the orthographic projection of the third sub-slot 301 on the first dielectric substrate 11. Similarly, the extension direction of the second feed line 42 is the same as the extension direction of the fourth sub-slot 302, and the orthographic projection of the second feed line 42 on the first dielectric substrate 11 covers almost half of the orthographic projection of the fourth sub-slot 302 on the first dielectric substrate 11. At this point, the extension direction of the first feed line 41 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the second feed line 42, and the straight lines containing the extension directions of both pass through the first center O1. The first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 form a patch structure resembling a figure eight. The first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 can transmit two feed signals with mutually perpendicular polarization directions. For example, the polarization angles of the two feed signals can be 0° and 90°. Alternatively, the polarization angles of the two feed signals can be +45° and -45°. This design allows the antenna to receive and transmit signals with different polarization directions, thereby enhancing the antenna's communication capability and flexibility. For example, the lengths of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 range from 20mm to 25mm, and the widths of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 range from 3mm to 5mm.

[0057] Figure 7 This is a top view of a reference electrode layer provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 7 As shown, the reference electrode layer 5 serves as the antenna's ground, shielding it from interference from other signals in the external environment and optimizing antenna performance. To ensure shielding, the reference electrode layer 5 is configured to cover the entire third dielectric substrate 13. To improve antenna gain and impedance matching, the reference electrode layer 5 also has multiple reference slots 50 extending along its thickness direction. In one example, as shown... Figure 7As shown, the reference electrode layer 5 includes four reference slots 50 which are rotationally symmetric around the first center O1. Among them, the line connecting the center of each reference slot 50 and the first center O1 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the reference slot 50. That is, the distance between the center of the four reference slots 50 and the first center O1 is equal, and the center of the four reference slots 50 is on a circle with the first center O1 as the center, and the extension direction of each reference slot 50 is the tangent direction of the circle at the center of the reference slot 50. By such arrangement, the antenna can have higher gain in a certain direction, while optimizing impedance matching, reducing signal reflection, and improving the overall performance of the antenna.

[0058] In order to ensure the shielding function of the reference slot 50 and reduce the coupling effect of the reference slot 50 on the feeding signal on the feed line, the extension direction of the reference slot 50 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the feed line. Specifically, continuing to refer to Figure 7 , the orthogonal projection of the first feed line 41 on the first dielectric substrate 11 overlaps with the orthogonal projection of one reference slot 50 on the first dielectric substrate 11, and the extension directions of the two are perpendicular to each other. Similarly, the orthogonal projection of the second feed line 42 on the first dielectric substrate 11 overlaps with the orthogonal projection of another reference slot 50 on the first dielectric substrate 11, and the extension directions of the two are perpendicular to each other. Among them, the length of the reference slot 50 is in the range of 10mm-25mm, and the width of the reference slot 50 is in the range of 1mm-3mm.

[0059] In some examples, the antenna further includes a plurality of coupling parts 6 arranged in the same layer as the coupling layer 3. Among them, as Figure 8 shown, each coupling part 6 is rotationally symmetrically arranged with the first center O1 as the rotation center, and the coupling parts 6 are uniformly distributed around the coupling layer 3. By arranging the coupling part 6, the standing wave ratio of the antenna can be adjusted, thereby further optimizing the performance of the antenna. In order to enhance the adjustment effect of the coupling part 6, the orthogonal projection of the radiation layer 2 on the first dielectric substrate 11 is arranged in the area formed by the orthogonal projection of each coupling part 6 on the first dielectric substrate 11. Among them, the shape, size and position of the coupling part 6 and other parameters can be adjusted according to actual needs to achieve the required standing wave ratio. For example, by adjusting the length or width of the coupling part 6, the influence of its capacitance or inductance on the antenna can be changed, thereby adjusting the standing wave ratio. In addition, the coupling part 6 can also play a role in enhancing the directivity of the antenna, so that the antenna has higher gain in a certain direction. Exemplarily, the coupling part 6 can adopt a rectangular patch, and the width of the rectangular patch is in the range of 1mm-4mm, and the length of the rectangular patch is in the range of 20mm-30mm.

[0060] To prevent the coupling part 6 from causing signal interference to the coupling slot 30, the coupling part 6 can be arranged in a direction in which the coupling slot 30 has weak energy. Specifically, continuing to refer to Figure 8 , the coupling slot 30 includes a third sub-slot 301 and a fourth sub-slot 302 arranged perpendicularly and crosswise, and both the third sub-slot 301 and the fourth sub-slot 302 are rectangular slots. The current on the short side of the rectangular slot is small, and the radiation field is weak, while the current on the long side is large, and the radiation field is strong. Therefore, as shown in Figure 8 , the antenna can be provided with four coupling parts 6, and the four coupling parts 6 are arranged at the positions of the two short sides of the third sub-slot 301 and the two short sides of the fourth sub-slot 302, respectively. Further, the coupling part 6 can be arranged in a structure that is not parallel to the extension direction of the coupling slot 30. Specifically, as shown in Figure 8 , for the two coupling parts 6 arranged at the positions of the two short sides of the third sub-slot 301, the extension directions of the two coupling parts 6 are perpendicular to the extension direction of the third sub-slot 301. For the two coupling parts 6 arranged at the positions of the two short sides of the fourth sub-slot 302, the extension directions of the two coupling parts 6 are perpendicular to the extension direction of the fourth sub-slot 302.

[0061] In some examples, the antenna provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can be a transparent antenna. The first dielectric substrate 11, the second dielectric substrate 12, and the third dielectric substrate 13 can all be made of transparent materials. For example, the first dielectric substrate 11, the second dielectric substrate 12, and the third dielectric substrate 13 can all be made of any one of polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and copolymers of cycloolefin (COC). The radiating layer 2, the coupling layer 3, the feed line, the reference electrode layer 5, and the coupling part 6 can all be made of conductive materials such as copper, silver, and aluminum. In order to realize the transparency of the antenna, these conductive structures can be made into a grid structure. The size of these conductive structures is in millimeter level, that is, the size of these conductive structures is relatively small, and therefore, the width of the grid structure is extremely small after the conductive structures are made into a grid structure. In this case, the human eye cannot accurately identify the conductive wires, and therefore, the grid structure can be made into a transparent structure, so that the radiating layer 2, the coupling layer 3, the feed line, the reference electrode, and the coupling part 6 made of the grid structure can all constitute a transparent antenna. In addition, the grid structure of the conductive structure not only realizes the transparency effect, but also reduces the electromagnetic interference with the surrounding environment due to the gaps of the grid, thereby improving the stability and anti-interference ability of the antenna.

[0062] In some embodiments, the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 11, the thickness of the second dielectric substrate 12, and the thickness of the third dielectric substrate 13 are all in the range of 1mm to 3mm. The conductive structures (radiation layer 2, coupling layer 3, feed line, reference electrode, and coupling part 6) disposed on each dielectric substrate can all be prepared by a meta mesh process and finally present as a layer of extremely thin conductive film. The meta mesh process steps include: cleaning the substrate to ensure good adhesion of the substrate, depositing a metal conductive film by physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), or vacuum evaporation, processing the metal film into a grid pattern by photolithography etching, laser direct writing technology, or nanoimprint technology, and performing blackening, cleaning, surface modification, and annealing processes on the substrate to optimize the electrical and optical properties of the conductive film. Therefore, the overall thickness of the antenna of the present disclosure (i.e., the total thickness of each substrate and each conductive structure) is not more than 10mm, the overall size is small, and due to the use of the meta mesh process to prepare the conductive film, the overall weight of the antenna is greatly reduced, which can achieve the miniaturization and lightness of the antenna.

[0063] In order to intuitively describe the performance of the antenna of the present disclosure, the present disclosure also provides simulation results of the antenna for specific antenna structures.

[0064] First example: the antenna in this example includes a first dielectric substrate 11, a second dielectric substrate 12, and a third dielectric substrate 13 stacked in turn, and a radiation layer 2 disposed on the side of the first dielectric substrate 11 away from the second dielectric substrate 12, a coupling layer 3 disposed between the first dielectric substrate 11 and the second dielectric substrate 12, a first feed line 41 and a second feed line 42 disposed between the second dielectric substrate 12 and the third dielectric substrate 13, and a reference electrode layer 5 disposed on the side of the third dielectric substrate 13 away from the second dielectric substrate 12. Among them, the radiation layer 2 adopts the radiation layer 2 as shown in Figure 2 , the coupling layer 3 adopts the coupling layer 3 as shown in Figure 3 , the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 adopt the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 as shown in Figure 6 , and the reference electrode layer 5 adopts the reference electrode layer 5 as shown in Figure 7 .

[0065] Figure 9 The simulation result graph of the S11 curve of the antenna described in the first example is Figure 10 , and the gain simulation result graph of the antenna described in the first example is Figure 9As shown, in the N78 frequency band (operating frequency band of 3.3-3.8 GHz), the S11 value of the antenna is less than -10 dB, indicating that the antenna has good impedance matching characteristics, which means that the antenna can effectively radiate and receive electromagnetic waves in this frequency band, reducing the reflection loss of energy. At the same time, as Figure 10 shown, the gain of the antenna in the N78 (operating frequency band of 3.3-3.8 GHz) frequency band ranges from 6.7dBi to 7.38dBi, showing stable gain characteristics, ensuring the stability and strength of signal transmission. This excellent antenna performance makes it suitable for various wireless communication devices, especially in application scenarios that require high frequency efficiency and stable signal transmission, such as 5G communication devices, base station antenna arrays, etc.

[0066] The second example: the antenna in this example has roughly the same structure as the antenna in the first example, the difference is that the radiating layer 2 in this example adopts the radiating layer 2 as Figure 3 shown, and the antenna further includes four coupling parts 6 arranged in the same layer as the coupling layer 3 as Figure 7 shown. Figure 11 The simulation result graph of the S11 curve of the antenna in the second example is shown in Figure 11 As shown, in the N78 frequency band (operating frequency band of 3.3-3.8 GHz), the S11 value of the antenna is less than -10 dB, also having good impedance matching characteristics.

[0067] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiments of the present disclosure also provide an array antenna comprising a plurality of antennas as described in the above embodiments arranged in an array, and the plurality of antennas form an N*M array, where N and M are positive integers. Wherein, the plurality of antennas arranged in an array can share the same first dielectric substrate 11, the same second dielectric substrate 12 and the same third dielectric substrate 13, so as to reduce the complexity and manufacturing cost of the overall structure. In this way, the array antenna can maintain miniaturization and thinness while providing enhanced communication performance and coverage. Of course, in order to reduce the preparation difficulty, a plurality of antennas can be prepared respectively, and then spliced to form the above array antenna by using splicing process. The present disclosure does not limit this.

[0068] The embodiments of the present disclosure also provide simulation results of the array antenna. Wherein, the array antenna adopts the array antenna as Figure 12 shown, which includes five antennas arranged in a 1*5 array. Figure 13 The S11 simulation curve of each port of the array antenna is shown in Figure 14 The simulation result graph of the gain of the array antenna is shown in Figure 15 The 3dB beamwidth simulation result graph of the array antenna at different frequency points is shown in Figures 13-15As can be seen, the array antenna of this disclosure has an S11 value of less than -11dB in the N78 band, a gain range of 13.4dBi to 13.8dBi, and a bandwidth range of 76° to 78°. In other words, the array antenna of this disclosure has good impedance matching characteristics, high gain, and stable bandwidth. At the same time, the isolation between the various ports of the array antenna is also high, effectively avoiding signal interference and improving signal transmission quality. Therefore, the array antenna of this disclosure is suitable for various wireless communication scenarios and can meet the high performance requirements of modern wireless communication systems.

[0069] In some embodiments, in addition to multiple antennas, the array antenna also includes a power divider feed network that provides feed signals to the multiple antennas. Specifically, such as Figure 16 As shown, the array antenna includes four antennas arranged in a 1*4 configuration. Each antenna includes a first feed line 41 and a second feed line 42. The power divider network 7 includes a first power divider 71 and a second power divider 72. The first power divider 71 and the second power divider 72 have identical structures, both being a 1-to-2 or 2-to-4 splitter configuration. Specifically, the first power divider 71 includes one first port A1 and four second ports A2, with each of the four second ports A2 connected to one of the four first feed lines 41 of the four antennas. The second power divider 72 includes one third port A3 and four fourth ports A4, with each of the four fourth ports A4 connected to one of the third second feed lines 42 of the four antennas.

[0070] It should be noted that the array antenna provided in this embodiment can be used as both a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna, and can transmit and receive signals simultaneously. When the array antenna transmits signals, the first port A1 receives a first radio frequency (RF) signal, and the third port A3 receives a second RF signal. The polarization directions of the first and second RF signals are perpendicular to each other. The first power divider 71 decomposes the first RF signal into four first sub-signals, and each first sub-signal is output to the corresponding first feeder 41 via a second port A2. The second power divider 72 decomposes the second RF signal into four second sub-signals, and each second sub-signal is output to the corresponding second feeder 42 via a fourth port A4. When the array antenna receives signals, after the radiating slot 20 receives the RF signal, it transmits the RF signal to the first feeder 41 and the second feeder 42 through the coupling slot 30, and then transmits it to the first port A1 and the third port A3 via the second port A2 and the fourth port A4. Of course, the structure of the power divider feeder network can be flexibly designed for different array antenna arrangements, and this disclosure does not limit this.

[0071] This disclosure also provides an electronic device that includes the array antenna described in the above embodiments.

[0072] In some examples, the electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure further includes a transceiving unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, a filter unit. The antenna in the antenna system can serve as a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna. The transceiving unit can include a baseband and a receiving end. The baseband provides at least one frequency band of signals, such as 2G signals, 3G signals, 4G signals, 5G signals, etc., and transmits the signals of at least one frequency band to the radio frequency transceiver. After the antenna in the antenna system receives the signals, the signals can be transmitted to the receiving end in the transceiving unit after being processed by the filter unit, the power amplifier, the signal amplifier, and the radio frequency transceiver. The receiving end can be a smart gateway, etc.

[0073] Further, the radio frequency transceiver is connected to the transceiving unit, and is used to modulate the signals transmitted by the transceiving unit, or to demodulate the signals received by the antenna and then transmitted to the transceiving unit. Specifically, the radio frequency transceiver can include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives a plurality of types of signals provided by the baseband, the modulation circuit can modulate the plurality of types of signals provided by the baseband, and then transmit the signals to the antenna. After the antenna receives the signals and transmits them to the receiving circuit of the radio frequency transceiver, the receiving circuit transmits the signals to the demodulation circuit. The demodulation circuit demodulates the signals and then transmits them to the receiving end.

[0074] Further, the radio frequency transceiver is connected to the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, and the signal amplifier and the power amplifier are further connected to the filter unit. The filter unit is connected to at least one antenna. In the process of transmitting signals by the antenna system, the signal amplifier is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals output by the radio frequency transceiver and then transmits the signals to the filter unit; the power amplifier is used to amplify the power of the signals output by the radio frequency transceiver and then transmits the signals to the filter unit; the filter unit can specifically include a duplexer and a filter circuit. The filter unit combines and filters out the noise of the signals output by the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, and then transmits the signals to the antenna. The antenna radiates the signals. In the process of receiving signals by the antenna system, the antenna receives the signals and transmits them to the filter unit. The filter unit filters out the noise of the signals received by the antenna and then transmits the signals to the signal amplifier and the power amplifier. The signal amplifier increases the gain of the signals received by the antenna, thereby increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of the signals. The power amplifier amplifies the power of the signals received by the antenna. After the signals received by the antenna are processed by the power amplifier and the signal amplifier, the signals are transmitted to the radio frequency transceiver, and then transmitted to the transceiving unit.

[0075] In some examples, the signal amplifier can include a plurality of types of signal amplifiers, such as a low-noise amplifier, without limitation.

[0076] In some examples, the antenna system provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure further includes a power management unit. The power management unit is connected to the power amplifier and provides a voltage for the power amplifier to amplify signals.

[0077] It is understood that the above embodiments are only exemplary for illustrating the principles of the present application, and the present application is not limited thereto. Various modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An antenna, comprising: a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate and a third dielectric substrate stacked in sequence; a radiation layer disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate away from the second dielectric substrate, the radiation layer comprising a plurality of radiation slots extending through a thickness direction of the radiation layer; a coupling layer disposed between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, the coupling layer comprising a coupling slot extending through a thickness direction of the coupling layer, the coupling slot and the radiation slots having no overlap in a projection of the coupling slot on the first dielectric substrate; at least one feed line disposed between the second dielectric substrate and the third dielectric substrate; the feed line and the coupling slot having at least partial overlap in the projection of the coupling slot on the first dielectric substrate; a reference electrode layer disposed on a side of the third dielectric substrate away from the second dielectric substrate; the reference electrode layer comprising a plurality of reference slots extending through a thickness direction of the reference electrode layer; the reference slots and the feed line having at least partial overlap in a projection of the reference slots on the first dielectric substrate. Any two adjacent radiation slots are rotationally symmetrically arranged; the radiation slots comprise first sub-slots and second sub-slots connected to each other. For the two rotationally symmetrically arranged radiation slots, the intersection of the straight lines on which the extension directions of the two first sub-slots of the two radiation slots lie is the rotation center of the two radiation slots. For the radiation slots, the extension direction of the second sub-slot intersects with the extension direction of the first sub-slot, and one end of the first sub-slot is connected to the center of the second sub-slot. The second sub-slot extends through the edge of the radiation layer in the thickness direction of the radiation layer. The coupling slot comprises third sub-slots and fourth sub-slots arranged in cross, and the two cross to define four sub-regions. The number of the radiation slots is four, and one radiation slot is arranged in one sub-region. The number of the feed lines is two, which are a first feed line and a second feed line. The first feed line and the third sub-slot have at least partial overlap in the projection of the third sub-slot on the first dielectric substrate.

2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein, The second feed line and the fourth sub-slot have at least partial overlap in the projection of the fourth sub-slot on the first dielectric substrate. The outer contour of the coupling layer comprises a plurality of side edges and a plurality of connecting edges alternately connected, the length of the side edge being greater than the length of the connecting edge. For the side edge and the connecting edge connected to each other, the included angle between the two is an obtuse angle.

3. The antenna of claim 2, wherein, The antenna further comprises a plurality of coupling portions arranged in the same layer as the coupling layer; at least part of the coupling portions and the feed line have at least partial overlap in the projection of the coupling portions on the first dielectric substrate.

4. The antenna of claim 1, wherein, The plurality of coupling portions are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction of the coupling layer, and the projection of the radiation layer on the first dielectric substrate is located within the region surrounded by the projection of the plurality of coupling portions on the first dielectric substrate. The plurality of reference slots are rotationally symmetric with the center of the reference electrode layer as the rotation center; and the line connecting the center of the reference slot and the center of the reference electrode layer is perpendicular to the extension direction of the reference slot.

5. The antenna of claim 4, wherein, ​ ​ ​ 6. The antenna of claim 1, wherein, ​ ​ 7. The antenna of claim 1, wherein, ​ ​ 8. The antenna of claim 1, wherein, ​ 9. An array antenna comprising a plurality of antennas arranged in an array; the antennas employing the antenna of any one of claims 1-8.

10. The array antenna of claim 9, wherein, Each of the antennas comprises two of the feed lines, respectively a first feed line and a second feed line; the first feed line and the second feed line are perpendicular to each other in extension. The array antenna further comprises a first power divider and a second power divider; the first power divider is connected to each of the first feed lines and configured to provide a first feed signal to each of the first feed lines; the second power divider is connected to each of the second feed lines and configured to provide a second feed signal to each of the second feed lines; the first feed signal and the second feed signal are orthogonal.

11. An electronic device comprising the array antenna of claim 9 or 10.

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