Safety belt integrated non-contact physiological sensing system, method and electronic device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of physiological sensing, and provides a safety belt integrated non-contact physiological sensing system, method and electronic device, the system comprising: a radio generating device, a physiological signal sensing device, a radio receiving device and a signal processing device. The physiological signal sensing device is integrated in the safety belt, after inputting the original radio frequency signal, the near-field electromagnetic wave or electromagnetic field is used to perform physiological sensing on the human body, to obtain breathing and heartbeat physiological signal sensing detection signals, the near-field electromagnetic sensing technology ensures efficient sensing of the original radio frequency signal on the human physiological activity, while effectively reducing the influence of external electromagnetic interference and motion artifacts. The radio receiving device is used for signal processing on the physiological signal sensing detection signals, to obtain physiological state signals representing the human physiological activity. The non-contact design avoids the problem that the contact type sensor is difficult to maintain stable contact in a dynamic environment, while significantly improving the comfort and use experience of the user.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of physiological sensing technology, and in particular to a non-contact physiological sensing system, method and electronic device integrated with a seat belt. Background Technology

[0002] Biosensors can be used for vehicle safety monitoring, combating fatigue-related accidents by monitoring driver attention and alertness, and assessing the impact of stress and emotional states on driving performance. However, accurate measurement of biosignals such as heart rate and respiration can be affected by factors such as motion and external disturbances. Non-physical contact physiological sensing technologies for such dynamic environments, such as automotive or aerospace applications, are currently not feasible.

[0003] Existing research has presented various methods based on physiological markers such as electrophysiology, inertia, and vision to detect driver fatigue and alertness in automotive environments. However, these methods struggle to robustly capture physiological signatures in dynamic environments due to vibration. For example, attaching electrodes to the steering wheel surface for contact-based electrophysiological signal detection requires stable skin contact, which is impractical. Some methods employ camera-based visual recognition, but these rely on ambient lighting and present significant privacy concerns.

[0004] Wireless sensor-based detection methods also have some limitations. For example, while radar and Wi-Fi sensing systems can detect dangerous driving behaviors such as drunk driving and fatigued driving to some extent, they struggle to acquire high-quality physiological parameters such as heart rate and respiration in high-dynamic environments. Furthermore, motion artifacts and signal interference caused by multipath reflections in enclosed cabin environments further limit the effectiveness of these methods. While strategies such as phased-array radar systems and seat-embedded antennas can be introduced to adapt to this dynamic environment to some extent, the design costs in terms of size and complexity are substantial. In addition, existing wireless sensors have rigid shapes, limiting their placement options near the body, and are susceptible to vibration and noise, making it difficult to achieve satisfactory results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a non-contact physiological sensing system, method, and electronic device integrated with a seat belt, to address the deficiencies in existing biosensor detection methods and wireless sensor detection methods.

[0006] This invention provides a non-contact physiological sensing system integrated into a seatbelt, comprising:

[0007] Radio generation equipment used to generate raw radio frequency signals;

[0008] A physiological signal sensing device, integrated into a seatbelt, is used to perform near-field sensing of the original radio frequency signal to obtain a physiological signal sensing and detection signal. The near-field sensing includes a near-field transmission process and a near-field electromagnetic field presence process. During the near-field transmission process, the original radio frequency signal is modulated by human physiological activities to generate the physiological signal sensing and detection signal, which includes physiological state information. Alternatively, the original radio frequency signal is disturbed by human physiological activities during the near-field electromagnetic field presence process to generate the physiological signal sensing and detection signal.

[0009] A radio receiving device is used to process the physiological signal sensing and detection signal to obtain a physiological state signal characterizing the human physiological activity.

[0010] A signal processing device is used to analyze and process the physiological state signal to decouple each physiological signal component and to continuously detect the human body state based on each physiological signal component.

[0011] A non-contact physiological sensing system integrated with a seatbelt, provided by the present invention, further includes:

[0012] A radio software programming module is used to program the radio generating device to control the signal parameters of the radio generating device to generate the original radio frequency signal.

[0013] According to the present invention, a non-contact physiological sensing system integrated with a seat belt is provided, wherein the physiological signal sensing device includes a physiological sensing device;

[0014] The physiological sensing device is specifically used for:

[0015] The original radio frequency signal is modulated by human physiological activities as it propagates along the propagation path of the near-field transmission process, so as to form a modulated signal component.

[0016] The original radio frequency signal is reflected by internal tissues after propagating into the human body, so as to form a reflected signal component carrying physiological characteristics.

[0017] The modulated signal component and the reflected signal component are superimposed to obtain the physiological signal sensing and detection signal;

[0018] or,

[0019] During the presence of the near-field electromagnetic field, the original radio frequency signal is used to excite the near-field electromagnetic field in the physiological sensing device. The human body's chest breathing movement disturbs the near-field electromagnetic field, thereby obtaining the physiological signal sensing and detection signal.

[0020] According to the present invention, a seatbelt-integrated non-contact physiological sensing system is provided. The physiological sensing device includes various structures that generate radio frequency electromagnetic near fields. The various structures include antennas, open waveguide structures, semi-open waveguide structures, and various electromagnetic metasurface structures. The open waveguide structure includes a dielectric waveguide, and the semi-open waveguide structure includes a microstrip line, a coplanar waveguide, or a slotted transmission line.

[0021] According to the present invention, a non-contact physiological sensing system integrated into a seat belt is provided, wherein the physiological sensing device is integrated into the seat belt in one of the following ways:

[0022] The safety belt is manufactured using one of the following processes: textile, adhesive, engraving, hot pressing, thermoplastic, etching, or laser cutting. The process type is determined based on the antenna structure, waveguide structure, or electromagnetic metasurface structure. The waveguide structure includes an open waveguide structure or a semi-open waveguide structure.

[0023] Alternatively, it can be first fixed to a carrier, and then indirectly integrated into the surface or interior of the seat belt through the carrier.

[0024] According to the present invention, a non-contact physiological sensing system integrated with a seat belt is provided, wherein the original radio frequency signal is in the form of an electromagnetic wave or an electromagnetic field.

[0025] According to the present invention, a non-contact physiological sensing system integrated with a seat belt is provided, wherein each physiological signal component includes a respiratory time-series signal and a heartbeat time-series signal;

[0026] The signal processing device is specifically used for:

[0027] The physiological state signal is preprocessed to obtain a preprocessed signal;

[0028] The preprocessed signal is separated to extract the respiratory time series signal and the heartbeat time series signal;

[0029] Period estimation is performed on the respiratory time series signal and the heartbeat time series signal respectively to obtain respiratory data and heartbeat data;

[0030] Based on the respiratory data and / or the heart rate data, continuous monitoring of human body status is performed.

[0031] The present invention also provides a method for integrating non-contact physiological sensing into a seat belt, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Acquire the raw radio frequency signal;

[0033] Near-field sensing is performed on the original radio frequency signal to obtain a physiological signal sensing and detection signal; the near-field sensing includes a near-field transmission process and a near-field electromagnetic field existence process, wherein the original radio frequency signal is modulated by human physiological activities during the near-field transmission process to generate the physiological signal sensing and detection signal including physiological state information; or the original radio frequency signal is disturbed by human physiological activities during the near-field electromagnetic field existence process to generate the physiological signal sensing and detection signal.

[0034] The physiological signal sensing and detection signal is processed to obtain a physiological state signal characterizing the human physiological activity;

[0035] The physiological state signals are analyzed and processed to decouple each physiological signal, and the human body state is continuously detected based on each physiological signal component.

[0036] The present invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the seat belt integrated non-contact physiological sensing method as described above.

[0037] The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the seat belt integrated non-contact physiological sensing method as described above.

[0038] The present invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the seat belt integrated non-contact physiological sensing method as described above.

[0039] This invention provides a seatbelt-integrated non-contact physiological sensing system, method, and electronic device, comprising a radio transmitter, a physiological signal sensor, a radio receiver, and a signal processing unit. On one hand, the physiological signal sensor, integrated into the seatbelt, performs near-field sensing of the raw radio frequency signal to obtain a physiological signal sensing detection signal. In dynamic environments, near-field electromagnetic sensing technology ensures efficient sensing of human physiological activities using the raw radio frequency signal, while effectively reducing the impact of external electromagnetic interference and motion artifacts. The radio receiver processes the physiological signal sensing detection signal to obtain a physiological state signal characterizing human physiological activities. On the other hand, the physiological signal sensor can be seamlessly integrated into the seatbelt. This non-contact design avoids the problem of contact sensors struggling to maintain stable contact in dynamic environments, significantly improving user comfort and experience. This enables non-contact, long-term, and continuous monitoring of the user's physiological state, enhancing not only driving comfort but also greatly improving the convenience and practicality of the application, particularly suitable for traffic safety fields such as driver fatigue monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the seat belt integrated non-contact physiological sensing system provided by the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the non-contact physiological sensing system integrated with the seat belt provided by the present invention.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the non-contact physiological sensing system provided by the present invention.

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the physiological sensing device provided by the present invention.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the sensing performance of the seatbelt-integrated non-contact physiological sensing system provided by the present invention when placed in different positions.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a graph of experimental data provided by the present invention, showing the use of a physiological sensing system during daily activities in an aircraft cabin simulator.

[0047] Figure 7 This is an experimental data graph showing the use of a physiological sensing system integrated into a seat belt, as provided by the present invention.

[0048] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating the seatbelt integrated non-contact physiological sensing method provided by the present invention.

[0049] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the process for continuous sleep monitoring based on heart rate and breathing data provided by the present invention.

[0050] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0052] This invention provides a seatbelt-integrated non-contact physiological sensing system, which aims to achieve non-sensory, non-contact, and continuous monitoring of human physiological signals (e.g., vehicle, cabin driver, or passenger) by integrating with the seatbelt. Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the seat belt integrated non-contact physiological sensing system provided by the present invention, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a radio generating device 10, a physiological signal sensing device 20, a radio receiving device 30, and a signal processing device 40.

[0053] Radio generation device 10, used to generate raw radio frequency signals;

[0054] A physiological signal sensing device 20, integrated into the seat belt, is used to perform near-field sensing on the original radio frequency signal to obtain a physiological signal sensing detection signal. The near-field sensing includes a near-field transmission process and a near-field electromagnetic field presence process. The original radio frequency signal is modulated by human physiological activities during the near-field transmission process to generate the physiological signal sensing detection signal, which includes physiological state information. Alternatively, the original radio frequency signal is disturbed by human physiological activities during the near-field electromagnetic field presence process to generate the physiological signal sensing detection signal.

[0055] The radio receiving device 30 is used to process the physiological signal sensing and detection signal to obtain a physiological state signal characterizing the human physiological activity.

[0056] The signal processing device 40 is used to analyze and process the physiological state signal to decouple each physiological signal component and perform continuous detection of human body state based on each physiological signal component.

[0057] Specifically, the system includes a radio generating device 10, a physiological signal sensing device 20, a radio receiving device 30, and a signal processing device 40.

[0058] The radio frequency (RF) generator 10 is used to generate a raw radio frequency signal. Here, the radio frequency generator 10 can be an RF signal source capable of generating electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic fields of a specific frequency and waveform as a detection signal. In a generalized implementation, the raw RF signal can be any electromagnetic wave or electromagnetic signal suitable for far-field or near-field sensing. The device outputs the generated raw RF signal to the physiological signal sensing device 20, where it is converted into a near-field electromagnetic wave or field.

[0059] The physiological signal sensing device 20 is one of the core components of this system for non-contact sensing, and it is integrated into the seat belt. Here, "integration" can refer to the physiological signal sensing device being physically fixed, embedded, woven, or attached to the fabric of the seat belt, making it a component of the seat belt, so that it can naturally conform to or approach the human body surface, such as the chest, abdomen, or back, when using the seat belt.

[0060] The physiological signal sensing device 20 receives raw radio frequency signals from a radio generator and performs near-field transmission or near-field sensing of these raw radio frequency signals. Near-field electromagnetic wave transmission refers to the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a region (typically on the order of wavelength) immediately adjacent to the sensing device (antenna, waveguide structure, or interface between two different media) without radiation. The presence of a near-field electromagnetic field refers to the intermittent or continuous generation of an electromagnetic field in a region (typically on the order of wavelength) immediately adjacent to the sensing device (antenna, waveguide structure, or interface between two different media). In this embodiment, the physiological signal sensing device 20 is designed to confine electromagnetic wave energy to a near-field region near its surface and guide its propagation along a specific path; or to generate a near-field electromagnetic field near the device. When the wearer fastens a seatbelt integrating the device, this near-field region couples with and interacts with human tissue.

[0061] During near-field transmission, the original radio frequency (RF) signal is modulated by human physiological activity to generate a physiological signal sensing and detection signal, or the original RF signal is disturbed by human physiological activity in the presence of a near-field electromagnetic field to generate a physiological signal sensing and detection signal. Specifically, taking phase modulation as an example, the original RF signal is modulated by the human chest cavity's respiratory movements as it propagates along the near-field transmission path, forming a phase-modulated signal component. When a physiological sensing device (such as an open waveguide) is integrated into a seatbelt and close to the chest cavity, after the original RF signal is input to the sensor, the signal propagates along the surface of the device in the form of near-field electromagnetic waves. When a person breathes and their heart beats, the chest cavity undergoes varying degrees of undulation. This macroscopic movement causes an inter-field effect between the electromagnetic wave fields of the human body and the seatbelt surface, introducing a phase shift, i.e., the Doppler effect, during the propagation of the near-field electromagnetic waves along the surface. Therefore, the signal after interaction with the human body, i.e., the physiological signal sensing and detection signal, carries information about human physiological activity.

[0062] The radio receiving device 30 is used to receive physiological signal sensing and detection signals that carry vital sign information, output from the physiological signal sensing device. After reception, the radio receiving device 30 performs signal processing on the signal. Signal processing is a key step, the purpose of which is to extract the low-frequency phase change information caused by physiological activity from the high-frequency radio frequency signal. In one embodiment, taking phase modulation as an example, the processing may include signal amplification, filtering, down-conversion (converting the high-frequency signal to a zero-IF or low-IF signal), and subsequent demodulation steps, ultimately obtaining a physiological state signal that can characterize human physiological activity. The physiological state signal reflects the change over time in the phase shift introduced by the Doppler effect in the near-field electromagnetic waves transmitted by the sensing device due to the near-periodic motion of human tissue. Here, the physiological state signal is a time-series signal of continuous phase changes introduced into the sensing signal by rhythmic movements such as human respiration and heartbeat.

[0063] In an optional implementation, the radio generating device 10 and the radio receiving device 30 can also be configured as an integrated structure, for example, co-packaged in the same hardware module or chip. This integrated design simplifies the system architecture, reduces external connections, improves signal coordination efficiency, and reduces the overall size and power consumption of the device. The embodiments of the present invention do not specifically limit the specific form, discreteness, or integration method of the radio generating and receiving devices, and can be flexibly configured according to the needs of actual application scenarios.

[0064] The signal processing device 40 is used to analyze and process the physiological state signals output by the radio receiving device 30. Taking phase modulation as an example, since physiological state signals are usually a mixture of various physiological activity signals such as breathing and heartbeat, as well as possible noise, the primary task of the signal processing device is to decouple the individual physiological signals. This can be understood as using specific digital signal processing algorithms (such as filtering, blind source separation, etc.) to decompose the mixed signal into independent physiological signal components, such as breathing signal components and heartbeat signal components.

[0065] After acquiring each independent physiological signal, the signal processing device 40 further performs continuous detection of the human body's state based on these signals. Continuous detection here means that the system can assess the human body's state over a long period of time, rather than just a single measurement. For example, the system can continuously calculate heart rate and respiratory rate, and monitor the trends in these indicators to assess the user's fatigue level, attention level, or health abnormalities.

[0066] In dynamic environments, non-contact measurement of physiological states and continuous sleep monitoring are extremely challenging tasks. However, the biosensing system designed in this invention effectively addresses this challenge. This biosensing system can be integrated into a seatbelt, utilizing its physiological sensing devices to convert electromagnetic waves into near-field electromagnetic waves. By guiding the near-field sensing signals and enhancing their interaction with the body, it accurately captures physiological signals. This biosensing system integrated into the seatbelt is highly adaptable, conforming to the body and accommodating various user activities, and can be seamlessly integrated with existing wiring harnesses. Regardless of the user's clothing, material, or thickness, the system continuously monitors heart rate and respiration from various positions on the harness (including shoulder straps and waist belt). More importantly, the designed sensing system represents a technological breakthrough, enabling non-contact physiological sensing in dynamic scenarios. Even in dynamic environments such as automobiles, it maintains the same high accuracy as in static scenarios, providing users with reliable physiological monitoring data.

[0067] Understandably, this system does not rely on visual detection, thus solving the problems of ambient lighting affecting detection results and privacy, and enabling real-time monitoring of the driver's physiological state. Through high-precision signal processing and anti-interference design, the system overcomes the challenge of existing wireless sensors in acquiring high-quality physiological parameters in highly dynamic environments, provides a flexible integration method, and reduces the impact of vibration and noise.

[0068] It should be noted that the non-contact physiological sensing system's sensor placement is not limited to the chest, abdomen, or back. Furthermore, the physiological sensing system is conformal to the seatbelt, ensuring a good fit to the body and achieving excellent sensing performance. The accuracy of physiological state sensing does not decrease in dynamic scenarios, improving the stability of physiological state sensing accuracy.

[0069] This invention provides a seatbelt-integrated non-contact physiological sensing system, method, and electronic device, comprising a radio transmitter, a physiological signal sensor, a radio receiver, and a signal processing unit. On one hand, the physiological signal sensor, integrated into the seatbelt, performs near-field sensing of the raw radio frequency signal to obtain a physiological signal sensing detection signal. In dynamic environments, near-field electromagnetic sensing technology ensures efficient sensing of human physiological activities while effectively reducing the impact of external electromagnetic interference and motion artifacts. The radio receiver processes the physiological signal sensing detection signal to obtain a physiological state signal characterizing human physiological activities. On the other hand, the physiological signal sensor can be seamlessly integrated into the seatbelt. This non-contact design avoids the problem of contact sensors struggling to maintain stable contact in dynamic environments, significantly improving user comfort and experience. This enables non-contact, long-term, and continuous monitoring of the user's physiological state, enhancing not only driving comfort but also greatly improving the convenience and practicality of the application, particularly suitable for traffic safety fields such as driver fatigue monitoring.

[0070] Understandably, this biosensor system enables non-contact measurement of physiological states and continuous sleep monitoring in dynamic environments. It can be integrated into seatbelts, utilizing designed physiological sensors to guide near-field radio signal transmission and amplify their interaction with the body to capture precise physiological signals. The seatbelt-integrated biosensor system conforms to the body, adapts to user activity, and integrates with existing wiring harnesses. It can continuously monitor heart rate, respiration, and overall body condition from various locations on the subject (including shoulder straps, waistbands, and back straps), adapting to different clothing materials and thicknesses. This innovative sensor system achieves breakthrough non-contact physiological sensing in dynamic environments, maintaining the same high accuracy as in static environments such as cars and airplanes.

[0071] Based on the above embodiments, Figure 2 This is a second schematic diagram of the non-contact physiological sensing system integrated into the seat belt provided by the present invention, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the system also includes:

[0072] The radio software programming module 50 is used to program the radio generator 10 to control the signal parameters of the radio generator to generate the original radio frequency signal.

[0073] Specifically, the non-contact physiological sensing system integrated into the seat belt also includes a radio software programming module 50. This radio software programming module can be a control unit interconnected with the radio generator, such as a module based on a microcontroller unit (MCU), digital signal processor (DSP), or field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or it can be a software program running on a general-purpose computer. Its core function is to program the radio generator 10 to control the signal parameters of the raw radio frequency signal generated by the radio generator.

[0074] Specifically, users or systems can flexibly set or adjust the signal parameters of the original radio frequency signal through this radio software programming module according to different application scenarios, environmental noise, or characteristics of the target under test. These signal parameters may include signal frequency, signal power, signal waveform, and modulation method, etc., which are not specifically limited in this embodiment of the invention.

[0075] Here, the signal frequency can be selected to operate within a specific ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical Band) to comply with regulatory requirements or avoid interference. The ISM band is divided into industrial (902-928MHz), scientific research (2.42-2.4835GHz), and medical (5.725-5.850GHz) bands, allocated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and are unlicensed radio bands.

[0076] The signal power can be adjusted according to the sensing distance and human body coupling efficiency to achieve a balance between ensuring the signal-to-noise ratio and complying with electromagnetic radiation safety standards.

[0077] Signal waveforms and modulation methods can be used to control the generation of different types of signals in order to optimize sensing performance in specific scenarios.

[0078] Here, the radio software programming module 50 can be connected to the radio generating device 10, the radio receiving device 30, and the signal processing device 40 for signal generation control and programming.

[0079] In an optional implementation, the radio generating device 10, the radio receiving device 30, and the signal processing device 40 can also be configured as an integrated structure, for example, jointly packaged in the radio software programming module 50. This integrated design simplifies the system architecture, reduces external connections, improves signal coordination efficiency, and reduces the overall size and power consumption of the device. This embodiment of the invention does not specifically limit the specific form, discreteness, or integration method of the radio generating device 10, the radio receiving device 30, and the signal processing device 40; they can be flexibly configured according to the needs of the actual application scenario.

[0080] The system provided in this embodiment of the invention has greater flexibility and adaptability by introducing a radio software programming module. The system is no longer limited to a fixed working mode, but can dynamically adjust the sensing signal parameters according to actual needs, thereby obtaining a more stable and accurate physiological signal sensing effect in complex static or dynamic scenarios (such as users of different body types, different wearing positions, and different electromagnetic environments).

[0081] Based on the above embodiments, the radio receiving device, when the generating device is set to generate an unmodulated continuous electromagnetic wave signal, is specifically used for:

[0082] The reference signal corresponding to the original radio frequency signal is multiplied by the physiological signal sensing detection signal after down-conversion processing to obtain the digital complex Doppler signal;

[0083] The physiological state signal is obtained by performing arctangent demodulation and phase expansion processing on the digital complex Doppler signal.

[0084] Specifically, when performing signal processing, the radio receiving equipment is used for:

[0085] First, the reference signal corresponding to the original radio frequency signal is multiplied by the conjugate of the down-converted physiological signal sensing detection signal to obtain the digital complex Doppler signal. During this process, a portion of the original radio frequency signal generated by the radio generator 10 is used as the reference signal and processed in a mixer along with the received physiological signal sensing detection signal.

[0086] In an optional embodiment, in a typical zero-IF receiver architecture, the reference signal is split into two orthogonal signals (I and Q), which are then mixed and low-pass filtered with the received signal to obtain the baseband I and Q signals. These two signals can be considered as the real and imaginary parts of a complex signal, i.e., a digital complex Doppler signal. Conjugate multiplication is performed to eliminate the influence of the carrier frequency itself, retaining only the Doppler frequency shift and phase change caused by the target's motion (i.e., physiological activity).

[0087] Then, based on the digital complex Doppler signal, arctangent demodulation and phase unwrapping are performed to obtain the physiological state signal. Arctangent demodulation refers to directly solving for the phase angle at each moment by calculating the arctangent value (atan2(Q,I)) of the I / Q components of the complex Doppler signal. However, the output value of the arctangent function is limited to the interval [-π,π]. When the actual phase accumulation exceeds this range, "phase wrapping" occurs. Therefore, phase unwrapping is required. By detecting and compensating for the transitions between adjacent phase values, the wrapped phase is restored to a continuously changing physiological state signal that truly reflects the cumulative displacement of human physiological activities. Here, the physiological state signal can be a Doppler phase signal.

[0088] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present invention, the original radio frequency signal is a signal in the form of electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic fields, including but not limited to continuous waves, modulated waves, or pulse waves. The above embodiments are merely examples of the process of acquiring physiological state signals based on unmodulated continuous electromagnetic wave signals, the core of which lies in extracting phase change information caused by physiological activities.

[0089] Specifically, the signal processing method in this embodiment of the invention implements the above-mentioned Doppler phase extraction process based on various electromagnetic wave signal forms. Its focus is on the universality and waveform adaptability of the signal processing flow, rather than being limited to the specific modulation type, waveform parameters, or frequency band selection of the original radio frequency signal. In the system provided by this embodiment, when the radio generator is set to generate an unmodulated continuous electromagnetic wave signal, the receiving end performs conjugate multiplication of the reference signal corresponding to the original radio frequency signal and the down-converted physiological signal sensing detection signal to obtain a digital complex Doppler signal. Further, based on the digital complex Doppler signal, arctangent demodulation and phase expansion processing are performed to obtain the physiological state signal. This process effectively extracts Doppler information from the physiological signal, improving the accuracy and reliability of the signal. Specifically, the conjugate multiplication operation can accurately align the phase of the signal, reducing the influence of noise and interference, thereby enhancing the detectability of the signal. The arctangent demodulation and phase expansion processing further optimizes the signal demodulation process, ensuring the accuracy and continuity of the physiological state signal. This processing method not only improves the monitoring accuracy of physiological signals, but also enhances the stability and robustness of the system in complex environments, providing a high-quality data foundation for subsequent physiological state analysis.

[0090] Based on the above embodiments, each physiological signal component includes a respiratory time-series signal and a heartbeat time-series signal;

[0091] The signal processing device is specifically used for:

[0092] The physiological state signal is preprocessed to obtain a preprocessed signal;

[0093] The preprocessed signal is separated to extract the respiratory time series signal and the heartbeat time series signal;

[0094] Period estimation is performed on the respiratory time series signal and the heartbeat time series signal respectively to obtain respiratory data and heartbeat data;

[0095] Based on the respiratory data and / or the heart rate data, continuous monitoring of human body status is performed.

[0096] Specifically, the physiological signal components include respiratory time-series signals and heart rate time-series signals.

[0097] Accordingly, in one optional embodiment, the specific workflow of the signal processing device is as follows:

[0098] The first step is to preprocess the physiological state signal to obtain a preprocessed signal. Since the original physiological state signal may contain a trend term (baseline drift) caused by large-amplitude body movements, a DC component (caused by reflections from static objects), and high-frequency noise, the preprocessing step aims to eliminate these interferences. Preprocessing may include using polynomial fitting or moving average to remove baseline drift; using high-pass filtering or subtracting the mean to remove the DC component; using low-pass filtering to suppress high-frequency noise, etc., and this embodiment of the invention does not specifically limit the specific methods used.

[0099] The second step involves separating the preprocessed signal to extract the respiratory and heart rate time series signals. Since the frequencies of respiration and heartbeat differ (typically respiratory rate is 0.1-0.5 Hz, and heart rate is 1-2.5 Hz), a digital filter bank (e.g., a low-pass filter to extract the respiratory signal and a band-pass filter to extract the heartbeat signal) can be used for separation. Alternatively, more advanced signal processing methods, such as Independent Component Analysis (ICA), wavelet transform, or Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), can be employed to more accurately decouple the two superimposed signals of respiration and heartbeat. This embodiment of the invention does not specifically limit the specific methods used in this regard.

[0100] The third step involves period estimation of the respiratory and heart rate time series signals, respectively, to obtain respiratory rate and heart rate data. There are various methods for period estimation. For example, in the time domain, peak detection algorithms can be used to find the peak points of the respiratory and heart rate waveforms, and then the time interval between adjacent peak points can be calculated to obtain the respiratory and heart rate cycles, which can then be converted into respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR). In the frequency domain, a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) can be performed on the time series signal to find the dominant frequency in the spectrum, which corresponds to the frequency of breathing or heartbeat.

[0101] The fourth step involves continuous monitoring of the user's physical condition based on respiratory rate and / or heart rate data. After obtaining continuous respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) data, the system can perform deeper state analysis. For example, heart rate variability (HRV) analysis can be used to assess the balance of the autonomic nervous system, thereby determining the user's stress level or fatigue level. Alternatively, monitoring whether breathing and heart rate are within normal ranges or whether abnormal patterns such as arrhythmia exist can provide preliminary health risk warnings. Furthermore, calculating the standard deviation of the raw signal within a sliding window can be used to assess physical activity, and combining this with HR data to build a decision model for continuous monitoring of the user's wakefulness-sleep state.

[0102] It should be noted that the above description is merely an example of an optional workflow for a signal processing device, intended to aid in understanding the principles of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art, inspired by the concept of this invention, can derive other signal processing workflows without inventive effort, and all such derived solutions should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0103] The system provided in this invention, through a series of refined processing steps on physiological state signals, accurately extracts respiratory and heart rate time-series signals from complex physiological signals and further calculates respiratory rate and heart rate data, thereby enabling continuous monitoring of the human body's state. First, the physiological state signals are preprocessed to effectively remove noise and interference, improving signal quality and providing a reliable foundation for subsequent analysis. Next, respiratory and heart rate time-series signals are accurately extracted through separation processing, solving the problem of difficulty in distinguishing between respiratory and heart rate signals due to their overlapping. Furthermore, the extracted respiratory and heart rate time-series signals are periodically estimated separately to obtain accurate respiratory rate and heart rate data, providing key indicators for real-time monitoring of the human body's physiological state. Finally, based on this data, continuous monitoring of the human body's state can promptly detect abnormal physiological states, providing strong support for health monitoring and disease early warning, and is particularly suitable for scenarios requiring long-term, continuous monitoring of physiological states, such as medical monitoring and sports health monitoring.

[0104] Based on the above embodiments, the physiological signal sensing device includes a physiological sensing device;

[0105] The physiological sensing device is specifically used for:

[0106] The original radio frequency signal is modulated by human physiological activities as it propagates along the propagation path of the near-field transmission process, so as to form a phase-modulated signal component.

[0107] The original radio frequency signal is reflected by internal tissues after propagating into the human body, so as to form a reflected signal component carrying a phase change;

[0108] The phase modulation signal component and the reflected signal component are superimposed to obtain the physiological signal sensing and detection signal;

[0109] or,

[0110] During the presence of the near-field electromagnetic field, the original radio frequency signal is used to excite the near-field electromagnetic field in the physiological sensing device. The human body's chest breathing movement disturbs the near-field electromagnetic field, thereby obtaining the physiological signal sensing and detection signal.

[0111] Specifically, physiological signal sensing devices include physiological sensing apparatuses. Taking the sensing of heartbeat and respiration as examples, the specific mechanism by which this physiological sensing apparatus achieves signal modulation can be understood as simultaneously utilizing two main physical effects:

[0112] Firstly, the original radio frequency signal is modulated by human physiological activities, such as chest breathing and heartbeat, as it propagates along the near-field transmission path, forming a phase-modulated signal component. When a physiological sensing device (such as an open waveguide) is integrated into the seatbelt and close to the chest cavity, after the original radio frequency signal is input to the sensor, the signal propagates along the surface of the device in the form of near-field electromagnetic waves. When a person breathes and their heart beats, the chest cavity undergoes varying degrees of undulation. This macroscopic movement causes an inter-field effect between the electromagnetic wave fields of the human body and the surface of the seatbelt, introducing a phase shift, i.e., the Doppler effect, as the near-field electromagnetic waves propagate along the surface. This contribution constitutes the phase-modulated signal component, which mainly reflects physiological activities of different amplitudes, such as breathing and heartbeat.

[0113] Secondly, the original radio frequency signal is reflected by internal tissues after propagating into the human body, forming a reflected signal component carrying a phase change. Besides the energy propagating along the surface, some electromagnetic wave energy penetrates the skin and adipose tissue, entering the body and being reflected at tissue interfaces with different dielectric constants (such as muscles, bones, and the heart wall). Breathing and heartbeat cause the pulsation of the chest cavity, heart, and surrounding large blood vessels. This vibration changes the position of the reflecting interface, causing a corresponding phase change in the reflected signal according to the Doppler principle. This portion of the signal reflected back and captured by the sensing device constitutes the reflected signal component, which mainly carries information about the heartbeat and various physiological activities related to the heart.

[0114] Third, during the existence of the near-field electromagnetic field, that is, when it is sensed in the form of near-field electromagnetic waves, the original radio frequency signal is used to excite the near-field electromagnetic field in the physiological sensing device. The human body's chest breathing and heartbeat movements disturb the magnetic field, thus obtaining the physiological signal sensing and detection signal.

[0115] Ultimately, the signal received by the physiological signal sensing device, i.e., the physiological signal sensing detection signal, is the superposition of the aforementioned modulated signal component, reflected signal component, and signals from other possible paths. This explains why a single sensor output signal simultaneously contains both respiratory and heartbeat information, and also provides a physical basis for the subsequent signal processing equipment to perform signal decoupling.

[0116] The system provided in this invention integrates a physiological sensing device to achieve refined processing of the modulation of raw radio frequency signals by human respiratory movements during near-field transmission. This device utilizes chest cavity activity to phase-modulate the radio frequency signal in the propagation path, and simultaneously captures signal components carrying physiological information reflected by internal tissues, superimposing these two components to generate a high-fidelity sensing signal; or it directly acquires the modulated output through near-field electromagnetic field disturbances caused by breathing. This design significantly improves the information richness and anti-interference capability of the signal, making the extracted physiological features more accurate and reliable.

[0117] Based on the above embodiments, the physiological sensing device includes various structures that generate radio frequency electromagnetic near fields, including antennas, open waveguide structures, semi-open waveguide structures, and various electromagnetic metasurface structures; wherein, the open waveguide structure includes a dielectric waveguide, and the semi-open waveguide structure includes a microstrip line, a coplanar waveguide, or a slotted transmission line.

[0118] Specifically, the physiological sensing device may include various structures that generate radio frequency electromagnetic near fields, including antennas, open waveguide structures, semi-open waveguide structures, and various electromagnetic metasurface structures; wherein, the open waveguide structure includes a dielectric waveguide, and the semi-open waveguide structure includes a microstrip line, a coplanar waveguide, or a slotted transmission line.

[0119] In one embodiment, the waveguide structure can be an open waveguide structure or a semi-open waveguide structure. Unlike traditional closed metallic waveguides, the electromagnetic field of open or semi-open waveguides is not completely confined inside, but some energy leaks to the near-field region outside the structure, making them very suitable for near-field sensing applications.

[0120] In a more specific implementation, the open or semi-open waveguide structure can be a metamaterial waveguide structure. Metamaterials are artificial electromagnetic materials composed of periodic or aperiodic arrangements of subwavelength-sized artificial microstructural units, possessing exotic electromagnetic properties not found in natural materials. Waveguides designed using metamaterials can achieve stronger near-field confinement, higher sensing sensitivity, or smaller designs.

[0121] Taking a metamaterial open waveguide structure as an example, it can consist of a metamaterial open waveguide section, a matching section, and a coplanar waveguide section. The metamaterial open waveguide section is the core area for near-field sensing. The coplanar waveguide section connects to the RF transceiver front end, enabling signal feeding and extraction. The matching section is crucial for connecting these two sections and can be designed as a corrugated hollow strip structure. This special structure achieves impedance matching and wave vector conversion, using a gradient to facilitate a smooth transition from the metamaterial waveguide to the coplanar waveguide. This ensures that electromagnetic wave energy can be efficiently coupled from the coplanar waveguide to the metamaterial waveguide, exciting the desired surface wave modes and maximizing sensing efficiency.

[0122] Based on the above embodiments, the physiological sensing device is integrated into the seat belt in one of the following ways:

[0123] The safety belt is manufactured using one of the following processes: textile, adhesive, engraving, hot pressing, thermoplastic, etching, or laser cutting. The process type is determined based on the antenna structure, waveguide structure, or electromagnetic metasurface structure. The waveguide structure includes an open waveguide structure or a semi-open waveguide structure.

[0124] Alternatively, it can be first fixed to a carrier, and then indirectly integrated into the surface or interior of the seat belt through the carrier.

[0125] Specifically, the physiological sensing device is integrated into the seat belt in one of the following ways:

[0126] The seatbelt is manufactured using one of the following processes: textile, adhesive, engraving, hot pressing, thermoplastic, etching, or laser cutting. The process type is determined based on the antenna structure, waveguide structure, or electromagnetic metasurface structure, or it can be first fixed to a carrier and then indirectly integrated onto the surface or interior of the seatbelt through the carrier. The waveguide structure includes open waveguide structures and semi-open waveguide structures.

[0127] For example, if the conductor pattern of the physiological sensing device is relatively simple and the substrate is a flexible fabric, embroidery can be used. Embroidery refers to the process of designing a woven pattern and importing it into a sewing / embroidery machine, loading conductive threads into the machine, and using computer control to embroider it onto the seat belt fabric. This process is repeated multiple times to assemble the structure by sequentially connecting the embroidered segments.

[0128] For example, laser cutting can be used. Laser cutting involves using a laser cutting machine to create conductive fabric patterns from adhesive copper / nickel polyester sheets and then attaching these patterns to the seatbelt fabric base material.

[0129] For example, using traditional microstrip line manufacturing processes, a microstrip line sensing structure can be first fabricated on a flexible dielectric substrate using standard processes such as photolithography and etching to form a flexible circuit board. This flexible circuit board can then be integrated with the seatbelt fabric in a non-invasive manner (e.g., stitching, gluing, or lamination). Microstrip line manufacturing processes include the non-invasive integration of physiological sensing microstrip lines with seatbelts or textiles.

[0130] In addition, for some special metamaterial structures, screen printing technology (stencil printing technology) can be used to create a screen printing plate with images and text by using a screen as a base and a photosensitive plate-making method.

[0131] Metamaterial waveguide structures can also be fabricated using roll-to-roll printing technology, which refers to a continuous thin film material processing technology that achieves efficient production of flexible substrates through a "roll-out-processing-wind-up / cutting" process, printing the conductor portion onto the flexible substrate.

[0132] Understandably, offering a variety of integration processes ensures that the physiological sensing device can be reliably, durablely, and aesthetically pleasingly integrated with the seatbelt, while maintaining the original flexibility and mechanical strength of the seatbelt. This diversity of process options allows the invention to adapt to different cost, performance requirements, and production scales, demonstrating promising industrialization prospects.

[0133] In another integration method, the physiological sensing device is first fixed to a carrier to form a prefabricated sensing module, and then indirectly integrated into the surface or interior of the seat belt through this carrier. This method facilitates the pre-debugging and mass production of the physiological sensing device.

[0134] The carrier can be a flexible plastic film, textile patch, flexible circuit board substrate, or composite laminate, etc. Integration methods include stitching, hot pressing, gluing, or embedding, etc., and the embodiments of the present invention do not specifically limit these methods.

[0135] The system provided in this invention combines the physiological sensing device with the seat belt by directly integrating it into the manufacturing process or indirectly integrating it through a carrier. Based on the waveguide structure type, specific processes such as embroidery, laser cutting, or microstrip lines are selected to achieve a firm, stable, and non-invasive integration of the sensing device and the seat belt textile substrate. This ensures the reliability of signal transmission while also taking into account the flexibility and comfort of the seat belt.

[0136] Based on the above embodiments, the original radio frequency signal is in the form of electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic fields.

[0137] Specifically, the original radio frequency signal can be in the form of electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic fields. For example, it can include unmodulated continuous electromagnetic waves, unmodulated pulsed electromagnetic waves, analog-modulated continuous electromagnetic waves, analog-modulated pulsed electromagnetic waves, digitally modulated continuous electromagnetic waves, and digitally modulated pulsed electromagnetic waves.

[0138] Unmodulated continuous electromagnetic waves: This is the simplest form of signal, with constant frequency and amplitude. The system senses physiological activity by detecting continuous changes in its phase. Unmodulated continuous electromagnetic wave radar systems are simple in structure and inexpensive.

[0139] Unmodulated pulsed electromagnetic waves: The system emits brief electromagnetic pulses and performs sensing by analyzing the phase and time delay of the echo pulses.

[0140] Continuous electromagnetic waves that have been analog-modulated, such as frequency-modulated continuous waves, have a frequency that changes linearly with time. They can be used to measure not only phase but also distance, which helps to distinguish reflections at different distances.

[0141] Analog-modulated pulsed electromagnetic waves refer to modulated electromagnetic waves in which a high-frequency periodic pulse train serves as the carrier, and a certain parameter (such as amplitude, width, position, etc.) changes linearly according to the law of continuously changing analog baseband signals.

[0142] This includes both digitally modulated continuous electromagnetic waves and digitally modulated pulsed electromagnetic waves, such as signals using digital modulation methods like Amplitude-Shift Keying (ASK), Frequency-Shift Keying (FSK), or Phase-Shift Keying (PSK). These modulation methods can improve the system's anti-interference capability or enable functions such as multi-user communication.

[0143] It should be noted that different types of signals can be controlled and selected by the radio software programming module.

[0144] The system provided in this invention uses an original radio frequency (RF) signal in the form of an electromagnetic wave or electromagnetic field. This signal can include unmodulated continuous electromagnetic waves, unmodulated pulsed electromagnetic waves, analog-modulated continuous electromagnetic waves, analog-modulated pulsed electromagnetic waves, digitally modulated continuous electromagnetic waves, and digitally modulated pulsed electromagnetic waves. By clearly defining the diversity of the original RF signal, the system's flexibility and scalability are further improved. The system can select the optimal signal waveform according to specific application requirements (such as whether ranging is required, anti-interference requirements, etc.), thereby achieving stable and reliable physiological sensing in various complex real-world environments.

[0145] Based on any of the above embodiments Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the non-contact physiological sensing system provided by the present invention, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the system connects to external devices via a digital interface. The digital signal is first converted into a baseband signal f0 by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). This baseband signal f0 is then mixed with a frequency generated by a local oscillator (LO) to generate a radio frequency signal f. RF Subsequently, the radio frequency signal is amplified by a power amplifier (PA) and transmitted to the RF front end, generating surface waves / near-field waves capable of interacting with the human body. The received radio frequency signal f RF +f D After amplification by a low-noise amplifier (LNA), the signal is mixed a second time with the frequency generated by the local oscillator, and then down-converted to obtain the baseband signal f0+f containing Doppler information.D Finally, the signal is converted into a digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for further processing and analysis by a digital interface to extract the Doppler signal and perform phase-shift demodulation, ultimately generating the sensor signal. This process not only achieves up-conversion and down-conversion of the signal but also provides high-quality data support for physiological state monitoring through precise phase demodulation and signal unfolding.

[0146] Based on any of the above embodiments Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the physiological sensing device provided by the present invention, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the device employs an open or semi-open waveguide design and a closed transmission structure, including various structures such as a stripline (spoof surface plasmon, SSP), a microstrip line (MSL), and a notched transmission line. In these structures, the stripline structure consists of a central conductor strip and two ground planes on either side, while the microstrip line consists of a central conductor strip and a ground plane below, with a dielectric material between them. Furthermore, the notched transmission line achieves specific functions such as filtering and impedance matching through the design of specific notched sections on the transmission line. The integration of these waveguide structures enables the physiological sensor to efficiently detect and transmit physiological signals, making it suitable for various physiological monitoring applications and achieving precise perception of the human body's physiological state.

[0147] Based on any of the above embodiments Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the sensing performance of the seatbelt-integrated non-contact physiological sensing system provided by this invention when placed in different positions, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 Paper A presents four different wearing methods for integrating a physiological sensing system with a seatbelt on an aircraft seat, collecting physiological information in low, medium, high, and lateral ultra-low positions. Figure 5 Figure b shows the raw data of the physiological state signals of the sensor collected under different placement methods of the physiological sensing system (top), ECG (Electrocardiogram) reference measurement (center), and extracted heartbeat signal components (bottom). The vertical axis represents the signal amplitude, and the horizontal axis is the time axis. Figure 5 In the middle, c represents the Pearson correlation scatter plot of the analysis results of the inter-beat interval (IBI) of the physiological sensing system and the reference ECG RR. Figure 5In the figure, the RR interval on the horizontal and vertical axes is the time interval between the start of each breath and the start of the next breath. The horizontal axis is the RR interval calculated based on the ECG reference measurement signal, and the vertical axis is the RR interval calculated by the seat belt integrated non-contact physiological sensing system provided by the present invention. The Pearson correlation coefficient r represents the degree of linear correlation between the two sets of data on the horizontal and vertical axes. The range of r is 0-1, and the closer it is to 1, the better. Figure 5 The horizontal axis 'd' represents the average time interval between the start of each breath and the start of the next breath, while the vertical axis represents the difference between the average interval obtained from the ECG reference measurement signal and the average interval calculated from the signal measured by the system of this invention. 'sd' represents the standard deviation of the scatter plot results. These results verify the effectiveness of the physiological sensing system of this invention under different deployment methods.

[0148] Figure 6 This is a graph of experimental data provided by the present invention, showing the use of a physiological sensing system during routine activities in an aircraft cabin. Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 Figure 'a' illustrates a real-world scenario where a physiological sensing system is used to monitor physiological activities during daily activities in an aircraft cabin simulator. Figure 6 The study demonstrated that during the test, while the subjects were talking, drinking water, typing on a keyboard, and using a mobile phone, the biosensors could reliably capture breathing and heartbeat signals without being affected by body movement or background interference. Figure 6 Figure c illustrates the phase signal waveforms of the seatbelt-integrated non-contact physiological sensing system of this invention, showing the phase signal waveforms when the user is in different postures. The horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents signal amplitude. The system can capture physiological signals with a median IBI estimation error of 15 ms in different body postures, including supine, prone, left lateral, and right lateral positions, further demonstrating the multifunctionality and scalability of the biosensor.

[0149] Figure 6 d, Figure 6 In a 6-hour overnight sleep experiment, Zhonge demonstrated the effectiveness of biosensors in sleep-wake detection. Figure 6 A significant drop in average heart rate within the first 25 minutes indicates the onset of sleep. Figure 6 A significant increase in heart rate data measured during the waking period was observed in the middle e.

[0150] Figure 6 The diagram in Figure f shows the biosensor output (i) and the HR curve (ii). When benchmarked against a reference sleep-wake phase obtained from a smartwatch, the estimated sleep-wake phase derived from the HR curve and body activity metrics achieved a 95% detection rate.

[0151] Figure 7These are experimental data graphs provided by the present invention, showing the integration of a physiological sensing system into a seatbelt. Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 Figure a shows our physiological sensing system integrated into a car seatbelt, which has the ability to continuously monitor physiological functions when the sensing device is aligned with the chest area.

[0152] Figure 7 Figure b shows the results of the respiratory and heartbeat signal extraction by the system signal processing module under a large number of vibration interferences, which can effectively separate the respiratory and heartbeat signals from the motion noise in the vehicle environment.

[0153] Figure 7 Tables c and d show the analysis of physiological signal test results for car drivers wearing seat belts. The results indicate that the mean error and mean square error of the heart rate and respiration data detected during driver movement, obtained from the Bland-Altman analysis of the IBI, are comparable to those obtained without driver movement. Figure 7 In the scatter plot, the horizontal axis (c) represents the average time interval between the start of each breath and the start of the next breath for different users, and the vertical axis represents the difference between the average time intervals for different users. sd represents the standard deviation of the scatter plot results. Figure 7 The horizontal axis of the diagram represents different user groups, and the vertical axis represents the difference between the average breathing time intervals of different users.

[0154] Figure 7 The value of 'e' indicates that the accuracy of the physiological sensing system does not significantly decrease under moderate and busy traffic conditions where the vehicle experiences unstable acceleration.

[0155] Figure 7 The values ​​in f represent the heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) captured during the driving process while the subjects were wearing seatbelts, effectively reflecting physiological changes. Starting from an initial state of alertness, the subjects experienced multiple episodes of drowsiness, with an average heart rate drop of more than 10 bpm compared to the initial measurement. The effective detection of this heart rate fluctuation demonstrates the system's ability to detect drowsiness based on physiological information.

[0156] The following describes the seat belt integrated non-contact physiological sensing method provided by the present invention. The seat belt integrated non-contact physiological sensing method described below can be referred to in correspondence with the seat belt integrated non-contact physiological sensing system described above.

[0157] Based on any of the above embodiments, the present invention provides a method for integrating non-contact physiological sensing into a seat belt. Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating the seatbelt integrated non-contact physiological sensing method provided by the present invention, as shown below. Figure 8 As shown, the method includes:

[0158] Step 810: Obtain the raw radio frequency signal;

[0159] Step 820: Near-field sensing is performed on the original radio frequency signal to obtain a physiological signal sensing and detection signal; the near-field sensing includes a near-field transmission process and a near-field electromagnetic field existence process, wherein the original radio frequency signal is modulated by human physiological activities during the near-field transmission process to generate the physiological signal sensing and detection signal including physiological state information; or the original radio frequency signal is disturbed by human physiological activities during the near-field electromagnetic field existence process to generate the physiological signal sensing and detection signal.

[0160] Step 830: Perform signal processing on the physiological signal sensing and detection signal to obtain a physiological state signal characterizing the human physiological activity;

[0161] Step 840: Analyze and process the physiological state signals to decouple each physiological signal component, and continuously detect the human body state based on each physiological signal component.

[0162] Specifically, the first step is to acquire the raw radio frequency signal. This step is performed by the system's radio generation equipment, which generates electromagnetic wave signals for sensing.

[0163] Secondly, the original radio frequency signal is transmitted in the near field to obtain the physiological signal sensing and detection signal. This step is performed by the physiological signal sensing device integrated into the seat belt. When the user wears the seat belt, the near field of the original radio frequency signal interacts with the human body and is modulated by the body's physiological activities (such as breathing and heartbeat) during near field transmission, thereby encoding physiological information into the electromagnetic wave signal and forming the physiological signal sensing and detection signal.

[0164] Next, the physiological signal sensing and detection signals are processed to obtain physiological state signals characterizing human physiological activities. This step is performed by a radio receiving device. The received high-frequency signal undergoes down-conversion, demodulation, and other processing to extract the continuously changing phase information caused by physiological activities, i.e., the physiological state signal.

[0165] Finally, the physiological state signals are analyzed and processed to decouple each physiological signal, and continuous monitoring of the human body's state is performed based on these signals. This step is executed by signal processing equipment. Through digital signal processing algorithms, independent physiological signals such as respiration and heartbeat are separated from the mixed physiological state signals, and indicators such as heart rate and respiratory rate are calculated based on these signals. Further analysis of the user's fatigue level, attention state, sleep state, etc., is then performed to achieve continuous monitoring of the human body's state.

[0166] For example, in continuous human status monitoring, continuous monitoring of wakefulness-sleep states can be achieved. The specific process is as follows: First, a physical activity metric is obtained by calculating the standard deviation (SD) of the original physiological state signal within a sliding time window, as physical activity causes drastic changes in the signal. Then, based on the extracted heart rate (HR) data and this physical activity metric, a binary decision is performed to classify the sleep and wakefulness stages. For example, a wakefulness heart rate threshold can be set; when the user's physical activity index is very low (indicating a resting state) and their heart rate remains below this threshold for a period of time, the user is determined to have entered a sleep state.

[0167] The method provided in this invention first acquires the raw radio frequency signal and performs near-field transmission, converting the signal into a dynamic scene physiological signal sensing and detection signal closely related to human physiological activities. This process utilizes the natural modulation of the signal by human physiological activities, ensuring the physiological relevance and dynamic adaptability of the signal. Next, signal processing is performed on the physiological signal sensing and detection signal to extract physiological state signals characterizing human physiological activities, further enhancing the clarity and analyzability of the signal. Finally, through in-depth analysis and processing of the physiological state signals, the system can decouple each physiological signal and continuously detect the human state based on these signals. This process not only improves the detection accuracy of physiological signals but also ensures the stability of perception accuracy in dynamic scenes. This enables the technical solution to reliably monitor and analyze human physiological states in dynamic environments, providing strong technical support for fields such as health monitoring, motion analysis, and driving safety.

[0168] Based on any of the above embodiments Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the process for continuous sleep monitoring based on heart rate and respiratory data provided by the present invention, as shown below. Figure 9 As shown, these steps collectively constitute the workflow of a physiological sensing system. First, in step S1, the system extracts phase changes based on the Doppler signal, using this as the raw output of the biosensor system. Next, in step S2, the raw output signal of the biosensor system is preprocessed to remove interference factors such as DC components and high-frequency noise. Step S3 involves separating the preprocessed signal to extract time-series signals corresponding to respiration and heartbeat. In step S4, the system performs period estimation and peak detection on these time-series respiration and heartbeat signals to extract RR interval and heart rate (HR) data. Finally, in step S5, based on the extracted heart rate data, the system further performs continuous sleep monitoring. This series of steps embodies the complete process from signal acquisition to physiological state monitoring, aiming to achieve real-time monitoring and analysis of human physiological states through precise signal processing techniques.

[0169] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided by the present invention, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the electronic device may include: a processor 1010, a communications interface 1020, a memory 1030, and a communications bus 1040, wherein the processor 1010, the communications interface 1020, and the memory 1030 communicate with each other through the communications bus 1040. The processor 1010 can call logic instructions in the memory 1030 to execute a seatbelt-integrated non-contact physiological sensing method. This method includes: acquiring a raw radio frequency (RF) signal; performing near-field sensing on the raw RF signal to obtain a physiological signal sensing and detection signal; the near-field sensing includes a near-field transmission process and a near-field electromagnetic field presence process, wherein the raw RF signal is modulated by human physiological activity during the near-field transmission process to generate the physiological signal sensing and detection signal including physiological state information; or the raw RF signal is disturbed by human physiological activity during the near-field electromagnetic field presence process to generate the physiological signal sensing and detection signal; performing signal processing on the physiological signal sensing and detection signal to obtain a physiological state signal characterizing the human physiological activity; analyzing and processing the physiological state signal to decouple each physiological signal component, and continuously detecting the human state based on each physiological signal component. Furthermore, the logic instructions in the memory 1030 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as an independent product, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0170] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer can execute the seat belt integrated non-contact physiological sensing method provided by the above methods. The method includes: acquiring a raw radio frequency signal; performing near-field sensing on the raw radio frequency signal to obtain a physiological signal sensing and detection signal; the near-field sensing includes a near-field transmission process and a near-field electromagnetic field presence process, wherein the raw radio frequency signal is modulated by human physiological activity during the near-field transmission process to generate the physiological signal sensing and detection signal including physiological state information; or the raw radio frequency signal is disturbed by human physiological activity during the near-field electromagnetic field presence process to generate the physiological signal sensing and detection signal; performing signal processing on the physiological signal sensing and detection signal to obtain a physiological state signal characterizing the human physiological activity; and analyzing and processing the physiological state signal to decouple each physiological signal component and continuously detect the human state based on each physiological signal component.

[0171] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the seatbelt-integrated non-contact physiological sensing method provided by the methods described above. This method includes: acquiring a raw radio frequency signal; performing near-field sensing on the raw radio frequency signal to obtain a physiological signal sensing detection signal; the near-field sensing includes a near-field transmission process and a near-field electromagnetic field presence process, wherein the raw radio frequency signal is modulated by human physiological activity during the near-field transmission process to generate the physiological signal sensing detection signal including physiological state information; or the raw radio frequency signal is disturbed by human physiological activity during the near-field electromagnetic field presence process to generate the physiological signal sensing detection signal; performing signal processing on the physiological signal sensing detection signal to obtain a physiological state signal characterizing the human physiological activity; analyzing and processing the physiological state signal to decouple each physiological signal component, and continuously detecting the human state based on each physiological signal component. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0172] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0173] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-contact physiological sensing system integrated into a seatbelt, characterized in that, include: Radio generation equipment used to generate raw radio frequency signals; A physiological signal sensing device, integrated into a seat belt, is used to perform near-field sensing on the original radio frequency signal to obtain a physiological signal sensing detection signal; the near-field sensing includes a near-field transmission process and a near-field electromagnetic field existence process, wherein the original radio frequency signal is modulated by human physiological activities during the near-field transmission process to generate the physiological signal sensing detection signal including physiological state information. Alternatively, the original radio frequency signal may be disturbed by human physiological activities during the presence of the near-field electromagnetic field to generate the physiological signal sensing and detection signal; A radio receiving device is used to process the physiological signal sensing and detection signal to obtain a physiological state signal characterizing the human physiological activity. A signal processing device is used to analyze and process the physiological state signal to decouple each physiological signal component and perform continuous detection of human body state based on each physiological signal component. A radio software programming module is used to program the radio generating device to control the signal parameters of the original radio frequency signal generated by the radio generating device; the signal parameters include signal frequency, signal power, signal waveform, and modulation method; The physiological signal sensing device includes a physiological sensing unit; The physiological sensing device is specifically used for: The original radio frequency signal is modulated by human physiological activities as it propagates along the propagation path of the near-field transmission process, so as to form a modulated signal component. The original radio frequency signal is reflected by internal tissues after propagating into the human body, so as to form a reflected signal component carrying physiological characteristics. The modulated signal component and the reflected signal component are superimposed to obtain the physiological signal sensing and detection signal; or, During the presence of the near-field electromagnetic field, the original radio frequency signal is used to excite the near-field electromagnetic field in the physiological sensing device. The human body's chest breathing movement disturbs the near-field electromagnetic field, thereby obtaining the physiological signal sensing and detection signal.

2. The seatbelt-integrated non-contact physiological sensing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physiological sensing device includes various structures that generate radio frequency electromagnetic near fields, including antennas, open waveguide structures, semi-open waveguide structures, and various electromagnetic metasurface structures; wherein, the open waveguide structure includes a dielectric waveguide, and the semi-open waveguide structure includes a microstrip line, a coplanar waveguide, or a slotted transmission line.

3. The seatbelt-integrated non-contact physiological sensing system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The physiological sensing device is integrated into the seat belt in one of the following ways: The seat belt is manufactured using one of the following processes: textile, adhesive, engraving, hot pressing, thermoplastic, etching, or laser cutting. The process type is determined based on the antenna structure, waveguide structure, or electromagnetic metasurface structure; the waveguide structure includes an open waveguide structure or a semi-open waveguide structure. Alternatively, it can be first fixed to a carrier, and then indirectly integrated into the surface or interior of the seat belt through the carrier.

4. The non-contact physiological sensing system integrated into the seat belt according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The original radio frequency signal is in the form of electromagnetic waves or electromagnetic fields.

5. The non-contact physiological sensing system integrated into the seat belt according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The physiological signal components include respiratory time-series signals and heart rate time-series signals; The signal processing device is specifically used for: The physiological state signal is preprocessed to obtain a preprocessed signal; The preprocessed signal is separated to extract the respiratory time series signal and the heartbeat time series signal; Period estimation is performed on the respiratory time series signal and the heartbeat time series signal respectively to obtain respiratory data and heartbeat data; Based on the respiratory data and / or the heart rate data, continuous monitoring of human body status is performed.

6. A method for integrating non-contact physiological sensing into a seatbelt, characterized in that, include: Acquire the raw radio frequency signal; Near-field sensing is performed on the original radio frequency signal to obtain physiological signal sensing and detection signal; The near-field sensing includes a near-field transmission process and a near-field electromagnetic field existence process. The original radio frequency signal is modulated by human physiological activities during the near-field transmission process to generate the physiological signal sensing and detection signal that includes physiological state information. Alternatively, the original radio frequency signal may be disturbed by human physiological activities during the presence of the near-field electromagnetic field to generate the physiological signal sensing and detection signal; The physiological signal sensing and detection signal is processed to obtain a physiological state signal characterizing the human physiological activity; The physiological state signals are analyzed and processed to decouple each physiological signal component, and the human body state is continuously detected based on each physiological signal component. The signal parameters for generating the original radio frequency signal include signal frequency, signal power, signal waveform, and modulation scheme. The original radio frequency signal is modulated by human physiological activities as it propagates along the propagation path of the near-field transmission process, so as to form a modulated signal component. The original radio frequency signal is reflected by internal tissues after propagating into the human body, so as to form a reflected signal component carrying physiological characteristics. The modulated signal component and the reflected signal component are superimposed to obtain the physiological signal sensing and detection signal; or, During the presence of the near-field electromagnetic field, the original radio frequency signal is used to excite the near-field electromagnetic field in the physiological sensing device. The human body's chest breathing movement disturbs the near-field electromagnetic field, thereby obtaining the physiological signal sensing and detection signal.

7. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the seat belt integrated non-contact physiological sensing method as described in claim 6.

8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the seat belt integrated non-contact physiological sensing method as described in claim 6.

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