Microbial agent fertilizer for soil improvement

Abstract

The invention relates to a microbial agent fertilizer for soil improvement, and aims to solve the problem that triple degradation of soil hardening, salinization and biological obstacles cannot be synergistically repaired in the prior art. According to the core technical scheme, the synergistic interaction of phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation and pathogen inhibition is realized through bacillus megatherium; fish meal-potassium fulvate is combined to form a hydrophobic colloid layer to block a hardening chain reaction, and baking soda is applied to start a saline-alkali soil sodium ion leaching mechanism; a 1: 100 high-concentration dilution process and a land preparation-fallow double-stage application mode are innovatively adopted, a micro-ecological foundation is reconstructed before sowing, and the stability of an aggregate structure is enhanced in a fallow stage. According to the technology, the soil bulk density is reduced by 12% or above, the water-stable aggregate is increased by 1.5 times, the pathogen load is reduced by 95%, and a universal solution for comprehensive treatment of cultivated land degradation is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bio-fertilizer technology, specifically to a microbial inoculant fertilizer for soil improvement. Background Technology

[0002] Approximately 33% of the world's arable land is threatened by degradation, with soil compaction leading to an increase in topsoil bulk density to 1.4-1.6 g / cm³. 3 (Exceeding the root penetration threshold by more than 25%), salinization has resulted in soil electrical conductivity (EC) > 4 mS / cm in 620 million hectares of land. More seriously, soil-borne pathogens (such as Fusarium / Rhizoctonia) have accumulated a pathogenicity rate of over 40% year after year. The synergistic effect of these three factors leads to crop yield reductions of 20-50%. Traditional improvement methods, such as gypsum desalination (≥ 3 tons per mu) or deep plowing (depth > 40 cm), have core drawbacks such as high operating costs (> 500 yuan per mu), short-term effectiveness (< 2 seasons), and disruption of the micro-ecological balance.

[0003] Approximately 33% of the world's arable land is threatened by degradation, with soil compaction leading to an increase in topsoil bulk density to 1.4-1.6 g / cm³. 3 (Exceeding the root penetration threshold by more than 25%), salinization has resulted in soil electrical conductivity (EC) > 4 mS / cm in 620 million hectares of land. More seriously, soil-borne pathogens (such as Fusarium / Rhizoctonia) have accumulated a pathogenicity rate of over 40% year after year. The synergistic effect of these three factors leads to crop yield reductions of 20-50%. Traditional improvement methods, such as gypsum desalination (≥ 3 tons per mu) or deep plowing (depth > 40 cm), have core drawbacks such as high operating costs (> 500 yuan per mu), short-term effectiveness (< 2 seasons), and disruption of the micro-ecological balance.

[0004] Therefore, a microbial inoculant fertilizer for soil improvement is needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a microbial inoculant fertilizer for soil improvement.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: Firstly, a microbial inoculant fertilizer for soil improvement, comprising the following components by mass parts:

[0007] Water: 78.8 parts;

[0008] Chitosan solution: 6.0 parts;

[0009] Potassium humate from mineral source: 4.0 parts;

[0010] Urea: 4.0 parts;

[0011] Compound fertilizer (NPK = 15-15-15): 10.0 parts;

[0012] Brown sugar: 5.0 parts;

[0013] Fish meal: 2.0 parts;

[0014] Amino acid solution: 40.0 parts;

[0015] Bacillus megaterium culture: 40.0 parts;

[0016] Enzyme solution: 10.0 parts;

[0017] Baking soda: 0.2 parts.

[0018] In this application, the combined metabolic functions of Bacillus megaterium (phosphorus solubilization and nitrogen fixation / antimicrobial lipopeptide secretion) synergistically work with the soil aggregate stabilization network constructed by potassium humate-enzyme solution to drive the physical structural repair and microecological reconstruction of degraded soil. Combined with the hydrophobic organic colloidal layer formed by fishmeal-amino acid solution, it effectively blocks the chain reaction of soil compaction factors and improves water-holding porosity. The combination of a fast-acting and slow-acting nutrient supply system of urea-compound fertilizer and the acid-base buffering mechanism of baking soda simultaneously activates the function of indigenous microbial communities and nutrient turnover efficiency. Relying on a 100-fold high-concentration dilution process and a dual-application strategy of land preparation and fallow, it systematically achieves synergistic gains in soil tillage improvement, biological barrier resolution, and salinization reversal, forming a universally applicable closed-loop technology for soil degradation remediation.

[0019] In one specific manner of the first aspect, the microbial agent must be applied at an ambient temperature of ≥-5°C.

[0020] Secondly, a method for applying a soil amendment microbial inoculant fertilizer involves diluting it with tap water or well water at a mass ratio of 1:100 and applying it to the soil tillage layer via sprinkler irrigation or furrow application.

[0021] In one specific implementation of the second aspect, the crop is applied twice per season, once during the land preparation period before sowing and once during the fallow period after harvest.

[0022] Thirdly, a soil improvement method includes:

[0023] Dilute the microbial agent and apply it to the degraded soil.

[0024] The application rate is 1000-1200 liters of diluted solution per hectare.

[0025] In one specific implementation of the third aspect, the microbial agent is mixed with organic compost and applied in a mixing mass ratio of microbial agent: compost = 1:5-8.

[0026] Synergistic resolution of multifunctional microbial strains and soil biological barriers.

[0027] The key to selecting *Bacillus megaterium* as the core functional bacterium lies in its dual, complex metabolic capabilities: its secreted lipopeptide antibiotics (such as Surfactin) can cleave the cell membrane sterol structure of soil-borne pathogenic fungi (Fusarium / Rhizoctonia), while simultaneously, through phytase genes (phyA / phyC), it efficiently mineralizes organic phosphorus, increasing the available phosphorus content in the soil by more than three times; the strain's unique nitrogenase (nifH) can also convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonium nitrogen, simultaneously addressing the problems of phosphorus fixation and nitrogen inefficiency in acidified soils. This three-pronged function of "antibacterial inhibition-phosphorus solubilization-nitrogen fixation" is the core weapon for tackling soil biological barriers.

[0028] Chain blocking of caking factors by organic-inorganic colloids.

[0029] Fish meal (2.0 parts) and amino acid solution (40.0 parts) are combined to form a hydrophobic organic colloidal layer: the hydrophobic proteins in the fish meal encapsulate secondary silicate particles in compacted soil through hydrophobic bonds, while the carboxyl groups (-COOH) of the amino acids chelate with calcium / magnesium ions, preventing them from forming bridging structures with clay particles. Simultaneously, the negatively charged phenolic hydroxyl groups of mineral-derived potassium humate (4.0 parts) adsorb onto the surface of clay particles, dispersing aggregates through electrostatic repulsion. The three components synergistically reduce soil bulk density from 1.45 g / cm³. 3 Reduced to 1.28 g / cm³ 3 The proportion of water-stable aggregates (>0.25mm) increased by 50%, directly addressing the pain point of physical structure repair in compacted soil.

[0030] Biochemical stabilization mechanisms of soil microaggregates.

[0031] The chitinase and glucanase in the enzyme solution (10.0 parts) target and degrade fungal mycelial residues (the main binder of soil aggregates), eliminating the negative cementing effect after degradation. Meanwhile, the chitosan oligosaccharide hydrolysis product of the chitin solution (6.0 parts) stimulates actinomycetes to secrete globulin-associated protein (GRSP), which binds to the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) produced by Bacillus megaterium, forming a novel organic-inorganic complex aggregate. This "breaking the old and establishing the new" mechanism increases soil porosity by 35%, and the aeration reaches the optimal threshold for crop root growth (0.3-0.5 μm pore size > 20%).

[0032] Acid-base and ion dual regulation for saline-alkali soil remediation.

[0033] Baking soda (0.2 parts) repairs saline-alkali soil through the following pathway: HCO3 - with Na + The combination forms a NaHCO3 leaching layer, reducing the exchangeable sodium (ESP) percentage to <10%; simultaneously neutralizing acidifying H+ in the soil. +Maintaining a stable pH between 6.8 and 7.2 creates a slightly alkaline environment that activates the salt-tolerant genes (betB / proA) in Bacillus megaterium, leading to the expression of osmotic protective substances such as betaine and proline. This is further enhanced by hydrolysis with 4.0 parts urea, releasing NH4. + Replace Na on soil colloids + The electrical conductivity (EC) decreased from >4mS / cm to <2mS / cm, achieving three-dimensional remediation of saline-alkali soil through "sodium reduction-pH stabilization-leaching promotion".

[0034] A coordinated supply model for nutrient turnover, with varying speeds.

[0035] Compound fertilizer (10.0 parts) and urea (4.0 parts) constitute a fast-acting nutrient module: urea hydrolyzes into NH4 within 48 hours. + It meets the needs of microbial proliferation; the water-soluble phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer quickly replenish the imbalanced nutrients. At the same time, Bacillus megaterium continuously solubilizes phosphorus and fixes nitrogen, and the organic acids it releases activate the slow-release phosphorus pool (FePO4 / AlPO4), converting gaseous nitrogen into a slow-release nitrogen source from bacterial proteins. This "rapid activation + slow maintenance" mechanism increases the amount of soil alkaline nitrogen by 35 mg / kg and improves the annual turnover rate of available phosphorus by 80%, solving the problem of nutrient supply imbalance caused by conventional soil amendments.

[0036] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0037] 1. By leveraging the multidimensional metabolic functions of Bacillus megaterium, the core contradictions of soil degradation are simultaneously addressed: the secreted lipopeptide antibiotics target and lyse the cell membrane structure of soil-borne pathogens, reducing the pathogen load of Fusarium and other pathogens by 96%; its highly efficient phosphorus solubilization and nitrogen fixation capabilities drive the activation of mineral nutrients, increasing the effective phosphorus supply by more than 3 times and achieving microbial fixation of gaseous nitrogen; combined with the glomerulin cementing effect induced by potassium humate-enzyme solution, the proportion of water-stable aggregates is increased to over 50%, and the soil bulk density is reduced to the optimal range for root growth (1.25-1.35 g / cm³). 3 The physical structure, chemical fertility, and biological barrier are repaired simultaneously.

[0038] 2. Relying on a 1:100 high-concentration dilution process (which is twice as efficient as crop-specific formulas), a single hectare-level application can achieve deep restoration of the topsoil, significantly reducing the cost of soil improvement operations; the dual-period application mode of land preparation and fallow precisely matches the agricultural rhythm, rapidly rebuilding the micro-ecological foundation before sowing and continuously strengthening the stability of the aggregate structure after harvest; the innovative composting and mixing technology (microbial agent: compost = 1:7) increases the colonization efficiency of microbial communities by 80% and promotes the humification of organic matter, forming a closed loop of soil function maintenance that is "one-time operation and effective year-round". Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] A microbial fertilizer for soil improvement.

[0041] I. Standardized Pretreatment Procedures for Raw Materials

[0042] Raw materials meeting agricultural standards are selected: clean water with an electrical conductivity ≤0.1 S / m, chitin solution with a degree of deacetylation ≥85%, mineral-derived potassium humate with a humic acid content ≥50%, granular urea with a nitrogen content ≥46%, 15-15-15 compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content ≥45%, brown sugar with a sucrose purity ≥92%, whole fish meal with a degree of hydrolysis ≥85% (crude protein ≥60%), animal and plant dual-source amino acid solution with a total amino acid content ≥40%, and Bacillus megaterium solution (viable count ≥5×10⁻⁶). 8 Enzyme solution with CFU / mL and phosphate solubilization activity ≥450mg / L, cellulase activity ≥500U / g, and food-grade sodium bicarbonate powder. All raw materials need to be equilibrated at 25±3℃ for 24 hours. Bacillus megaterium solution needs to be stored in the dark and refrigerated (4℃), and activated at room temperature 2 hours before use.

[0043] II. Anaerobic-Aerobic Alternating Fermentation Process

[0044] Water, chitin solution, and potassium humate (mineral-derived) were added sequentially to a sealable reactor. After replacing the oxygen with nitrogen, the mixture was stirred at 100 rpm for 20 minutes. Urea and compound fertilizer were added, and the mixture was stirred until completely dissolved under a nitrogen atmosphere. Brown sugar, fish meal, and amino acid solution were added, and the temperature was raised to 40°C and switched to an aerobic environment (aeration rate of 0.5 vvm). Bacillus megaterium solution was injected, and aeration and stirring were continued for 6 hours. After adding enzyme solution, aeration was stopped, and the mixture was transferred to a closed anaerobic state (ORP ≤ -120 mV) for fermentation for 24 hours. Finally, baking soda was added to adjust the pH to 6.8-7.0, and the mixture was filtered to remove residue to obtain the stock solution with a viable bacterial count ≥ 1 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL.

[0045] III. Standard Application Guidelines for Land Preparation-Fallow Dual-Period

[0046] For the first application during the land preparation period before sowing: mix the stock solution with well water at a mass ratio of 1:100 (Ca 2+Mix with water containing ≤50mg / L and spray evenly into the tillage layer (depth 20-30cm) using a high-pressure sprinkler irrigation system at a flow rate of 500-600L / ha. Immediately after spraying, lightly harrow to mix. A second application is made during the post-harvest fallow period: spray using the same method but increase the flow rate to 600-700L / ha, and then till to a depth ≥40cm. Reduce the application rate by 20% for sandy soils and increase it by 10% for heavy clay soils.

[0047] IV. Synergistic Combination Operations for Mixed Composting

[0048] For infertile soils with an organic matter content of <1.5%, the microbial agent should be premixed with well-rotted compost (C / N = 25-30) at a mass ratio of 1:7. First, spray 30% of the total stock solution of the microbial agent onto the surface of the compost, mix thoroughly, cover with a film, and ferment for 48 hours (temperature 55±2℃). Then, add the remaining microbial solution and water according to the dilution ratio and mix before spraying. Direct mixing with unrotted livestock and poultry manure is strictly prohibited.

[0049] V. Enhanced Treatment of Saline-Alkali Soil

[0050] When soil electrical conductivity (EC) > 4 mS / cm:

[0051] Increase the amount of baking soda added to 0.3 parts (pH adjustment range 7.5-8.0).

[0052] Application rate increased to 800 L / ha during fallow period

[0053] Immediately after spraying, irrigate and rinse (water volume ≥ 300m³). 3 / hectare)

[0054] The application interval has been shortened to once every 3 days, for two consecutive times.

[0055] VI. Results Acceptance and Quality Control

[0056] Three core indicators will be tested 30 days after implementation:

[0057] Physical structure improvement: Soil bulk density ≤1.35g / cm³ 3 (Ring cutter method GB 7845)

[0058] Chemical remediation: EC value of saline-alkali soil ≤ 3 mS / cm (GB 7859)

[0059] Enhanced biological activity: Nitrogenase activity ≥ 50 nmol C2H4 / g·h (acetylene reduction method)

[0060] If any indicator fails to meet the standard, an additional 50% dose must be administered, along with an additional 12 portions of enzyme solution.

[0061] Example 1: Restoration of degraded farmland in the North China Plain.

[0062] preparation:

[0063] The following materials were collected: 78.8 kg of deep well water with a conductivity of 0.08 S / m; 6.0 kg of chitin solution with a degree of deacetylation of 88%; 4.0 kg of potassium humate (55% humic acid); 4.0 kg of granular urea (46% nitrogen content); 10.0 kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer; 5.0 kg of brown sugar (93% sucrose); 2.0 kg of fishmeal (88% hydrolysis); 40.0 kg of amino acid solution (42% total amino acids); and Bacillus megaterium bacterial solution (6.2 × 10⁻⁶ viable cells). 8 40.0 kg of enzyme solution with CFU / mL and phosphorus solubilizing activity of 520 mg / L; 10.0 kg of enzyme solution with cellulase activity of 580 U / g; and 0.2 kg of food-grade baking soda.

[0064] The stock solution was prepared using an anaerobic-aerobic alternating fermentation process, resulting in a pH of 6.9 and a viable cell count of 1.3 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL.

[0065] Application: Before sowing and during land preparation: Dilute with well water at a ratio of 1:100 and spray at a rate of 550L / hectare (topsoil layer 25cm);

[0066] During the fallow period after corn harvest: apply 650L / hectare using the same method (tillage depth 45cm).

[0067] Repair results:

[0068]

[0069] Example 2: Improvement of acidified board fruit orchard in Jiaodong Peninsula.

[0070] Control group setup: Treatment group: complete formula (containing fish meal + amino acid liquid); Control group A: no fish meal + soybean meal substitute; Control group B: sterile base fertilizer.

[0071] Implementation: During the fallow period after apple harvest, all three groups were sprayed with 600L / ha at a ratio of 1:100.

[0072] Key data comparison:

[0073] Group Clay particle binding capacity (g / kg) Soil porosity Permeation rate (mm / h) Processing group 32.7 46.8％ 25.3 Control group A 18.5(↓43％) 33.2％ 12.1 Control group B 9.8(↓70％) 28.7％ 8.4

[0074] Mechanism verification: Electron microscopy of the soil in the treatment group showed an organic-inorganic composite colloidal layer (fish meal hydrophobic protein encapsulating clay particles); in the control group A, the clay particles were dispersed (soybean meal could not form a colloidal film).

[0075] Example 3: Restoration of saline-alkali land in the Hetao Irrigation Area.

[0076] Enhanced treatment plan: Increase baking soda powder to 0.3 kg (pH 8.0) during preparation; spray with 800 L / ha diluted solution during the fallow period; immediately after spraying, flood irrigate (350 m³). 3 / hectare).

[0077] Improvement effect:

[0078] index Before improvement Improved Standard threshold Electrical conductivity (EC, mS / cm) 6.8 2.9 ≤4 Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) 21.7％ 8.2％ ≤15％ Bacillus megater colonization 0 <![CDATA[6.5×10 6 ]]> <![CDATA[≥10 5 ]]>

[0079] Microbial activity comparison: Soil nitrogenase activity in the treated area: 83 nmol C2H4 / g·h; Untreated area: <5 nmol C2H4 / g·h.

[0080] Example Conclusion

[0081] Three-dimensional remediation efficacy: Physical remediation: Aggregate increase >150% (maximum up to 180%); Chemical remediation: ESP reduction in saline-alkali soil >60%; Bioremediation: Pathogen inhibition rate >95%.

[0082] Key parameter thresholds: 0.3 parts of baking soda (pH of saline-alkali land needs to be raised to 8.0±0.2); rinsing within 48 hours after spraying (otherwise sodium ion re-adsorption rate >40%); fishmeal hydrolysis degree ≥85% (below this value, colloid formation rate decreases by >50%).

[0083] Testing standards:

[0084] Soil physical properties: NY / T 1121 "Soil Testing" series;

[0085] Microbial activity: GB / T 32725-2016 "Determination of Soil Microbial Biomass";

[0086] Salinity index: LY / T 1250 "Evaluation Specification for the Benefits of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement".

[0087] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A microbial inoculant fertilizer for soil improvement, characterized in that, The following components are included by mass parts: Water: 78.8 parts; Chitosan solution: 6.0 parts; Potassium humate from mineral source: 4.0 parts; Urea: 4.0 parts; Compound fertilizer (NPK = 15-15-15): 10.0 parts; Brown sugar: 5.0 parts; Fish meal: 2.0 parts; Amino acid solution: 40.0 parts; Bacillus megaterium culture: 40.0 parts; Enzyme solution: 10.0 parts; Baking soda: 0.2 parts.

2. The soil amendment microbial inoculant fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bacterial agent must be applied at an ambient temperature of ≥-5℃.

3. A method for applying a soil amendment microbial inoculant fertilizer, characterized in that: When using, dilute with tap water or well water at a ratio of 1:100 by weight and apply to the soil tillage layer through sprinkler irrigation or furrow application.

4. The method for applying a soil amendment microbial inoculant fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: Apply twice per crop season, once during the land preparation period before sowing and once during the fallow period after harvest.

5. A soil improvement method, characterized in that, include: The microbial agent described in any one of claims 1-4 is diluted and applied to degraded soil. The application rate is 1000-1200 liters of diluted solution per hectare.

6. A soil improvement method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The microbial agent is mixed with organic compost and applied at a mass ratio of microbial agent: compost = 1:5-8.

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