Light-emitting element, nitrogen-containing compound therefor, and electronic device comprising same

Abstract

The present application provides a light-emitting element, a nitrogen-containing compound for the light-emitting element, and an electronic device including the light-emitting element. The light-emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode opposed to the first electrode, and at least one functional layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1. Formula 1

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority and benefit to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0061230, filed on May 9, 2024, with the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] One or more embodiments of this disclosure relate to a light-emitting element, a nitrogen-containing compound for the light-emitting element, and an electronic device including the light-emitting element. Background Technology

[0004] Electronic devices include display devices for displaying images. Recently, research and development of organic electroluminescent display devices (OLEDs) for use as image display devices have been actively underway. Unlike liquid crystal displays (LCDs), OLEDs include self-emissive light-emitting elements. In these self-emissive elements, holes and electrons are injected from a first electrode and a second electrode into the emitting layer of the element (and recombine therein). The recombination of these charge carriers (e.g., holes and electrons) causes the emitting material in the emitting layer to emit light, thereby achieving image display (e.g., the display of an image).

[0005] For light-emitting elements used in display devices, low driving voltage, high emission efficiency, and long lifespan are desired or required. Therefore, the development of materials for light-emitting elements that can stably achieve these desired characteristics is ongoing and actively pursued. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One or more aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure relate to light-emitting elements having improved emission efficiency and element lifetime.

[0007] One or more aspects of embodiments of this disclosure relate to nitrogen-containing compounds capable of improving the emission efficiency and lifetime of light-emitting elements.

[0008] One or more aspects of embodiments of this disclosure relate to electronic devices that have superior or adequate display quality by including light-emitting elements having improved emission efficiency and lifetime.

[0009] Other aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments.

[0010] According to one or more embodiments of this disclosure, the light-emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode opposite to the first electrode (e.g., arranged opposite to each other), and at least one functional layer between the first and second electrodes and including a nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1:

[0011] Formula 1

[0012]

[0013] In Formula 1, R1 to R3 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted germanyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted oxygen, substituted or unsubstituted thio, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted cyclic carbon atoms. The heteroaryl group of the group, and / or combined with adjacent groups to form a ring, A1, A2, B1 and B2 may each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, at least one of A1 and B1 and at least one of A2 and B2 may each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group, n1 may be an integer selected from 0 to 3, and n2 and n3 may each be independently an integer selected from 0 to 4.

[0014] In one or more embodiments, the nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 can be represented by Formula 2:

[0015] Formula 2

[0016]

[0017] In Formula 2, R4 to R7 may each be independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted germanyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted thio, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl of 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl of 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combined with adjacent groups to form a ring, and n4 to n7 may each be independently an integer selected from 0 to 4.

[0018] In Equation 2, the same interpretations defined in Equation 1 can be applied to R1 to R3, n1 to n3, B1, and B2. In other words, R1 to R3, n1 to n3, B1, and B2 can each independently be identical to the definitions in Equation 1.

[0019] In one or more embodiments, the nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 3-1 or Formula 3-2:

[0020] Equation 3-1

[0021]

[0022] Equation 3-2

[0023]

[0024] In equations 3-1 and 3-2, R4 to R 11 Each of the following groups may be independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted germanyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted thio, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl of 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl of 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combined with adjacent groups to form a ring, and n4 to n11 may each be independently an integer selected from 0 to 4.

[0025] In Equations 3-1 and 3-2, the same interpretations defined in Equation 1 can be applied to R1 to R3, n1 to n3, and B2. In other words, R1 to R3, n1 to n3, and B2 can each be independently identical to the definitions in Equation 1.

[0026] In one or more embodiments, the nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 4-1 or Formula 4-2.

[0027] Equation 4-1

[0028]

[0029] Equation 4-2

[0030]

[0031] In Formulas 4-1 and 4-2, Z1 to Z8 may each be independently hydrogen or aryl with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted, R2' may be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted germanyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, n2' is an integer selected from 0 to 3, and A3 and B3 may each be independently substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0032] In Equations 4-1 and 4-2, the same interpretations defined in Equation 1 can be applied to R1, R3, n1, n3, A1, A2, B1, and B2. In other words, R1, R3, n1, n3, A1, A2, B1, and B2 can each be independently identical to the definitions in Equation 1.

[0033] In one or more embodiments, in Formula 1, at least one of A1 and B1 and at least one of A2 and B2 may each be independently substituted or unsubstituted carbazole groups, and the remaining groups selected from A1, B1, A2 and B2 may each be independently represented by one selected from Formulas A-1 to A-4:

[0034] Formula A-1

[0035]

[0036] Formula A-2

[0037]

[0038] Formula A-3

[0039]

[0040] Formula A-4

[0041]

[0042] In equations A-1 to A-4, R a To R i Each of the following can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms; q1, q5, and q7 to q9 can each be independently integers selected from 0 to 5; and q2 to q4 and q6 can each be independently integers selected from 0 to 4.

[0043] In one or more embodiments, at least one functional layer may include: a hole transport region on a first electrode (e.g., disposed on the first electrode), an emitter layer on the hole transport region (e.g., disposed on the hole transport region), and an electron transport region on the emitter layer (e.g., disposed on the emitter layer).

[0044] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer may include a first host and a dopant, and the first host includes a nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1.

[0045] In one or more embodiments, the emitting layer may emit thermally activated delayed fluorescence or phosphorescence.

[0046] In one or more embodiments, the dopant may be represented by formula D-1.

[0047] Formula D-1

[0048]

[0049] In formula D-1, Q1 to Q4 can each be independently C or N, and C1 to C4 can each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon cyclic group with 5 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, X 11 To X 14 Each can be a direct connection or *-O-*, L, independently. 11 To L 13 Each can be used independently as a direct connection, *-O-*, *-S-*, A substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, wherein—* refers to the portion connected to C1 to C4, b11 to b13 may each be 0 or 1 independently, R 61 To R 66 Each of the following groups may be independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted thio, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted boron, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl of 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl of 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combined with adjacent groups to form a ring, and d1 to d4 may each be independently an integer selected from 0 to 4.

[0050] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer may further include a second body different from the first body, and the second body may be represented by the formula HT.

[0051] HT

[0052]

[0053] In formula HT, at least one selected from Y1 to Y3 can be N, and the remainder is CR. 56 R 56 It can be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms; b1 to b3 can each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 10; Ar b To Ar dEach of the following can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, and each of L2 to L4 can be independently directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0054] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region may include an electron transport layer on the emitter layer (e.g., disposed on the emitter layer) and an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer (e.g., disposed on the electron transport layer), and the electron transport layer and / or the electron injection layer may include a nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1.

[0055] In one or more embodiments of this disclosure, the display device includes a substrate layer, a circuit layer on the substrate layer (e.g., disposed on the substrate layer), and a display element layer on the circuit layer (e.g., disposed on the circuit layer) and including a light-emitting element, wherein the light-emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode on the first electrode (e.g., disposed on the first electrode), and at least one functional layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1.

[0056] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting element may further include a capping layer on the second electrode (e.g., disposed on the second electrode), and the capping layer has a refractive index of about 1.6 or greater relative to light in the wavelength range of about 550 nm to about 660 nm.

[0057] In one or more embodiments, the display device may further include a light control layer comprising quantum dots on a display element layer (e.g., disposed on a display element layer), the light-emitting element emitting a first color light, and the light control layer comprising: a first light control portion comprising a first quantum dot that converts the first color light into a second color light in a wavelength range longer than the wavelength range of the first color light; a second light control portion comprising a second quantum dot that converts the first color light into a third color light in a wavelength range longer than the wavelength range of the first and second color lights; and a third light control portion that transmits the first color light.

[0058] In one or more embodiments, the display device may further include a color filter layer on the light control layer (e.g., disposed on the light control layer), and the color filter layer may include a first filter configured to transmit a second color light, a second filter configured to transmit a third color light, and a third filter configured to transmit a first color light.

[0059] According to one or more embodiments of this disclosure, a nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 is provided. Attached Figure Description

[0060] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of this disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. The above and / or other aspects of this disclosure should become apparent and readily understood from the following description of embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

[0061] Figure 1 This is a plan view of a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0062] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0063] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown for illustrative purposes.

[0064] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown for illustrative purposes.

[0065] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown for illustrative purposes.

[0066] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown for illustrative purposes.

[0067] Figure 7 and Figure 8 Each of these is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0068] Figure 9 A cross-sectional view illustrating a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0069] Figure 10 A cross-sectional view illustrating a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0070] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle including a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0071] This disclosure may be modified in one or more suitable ways and has many forms, and therefore specific / exemplary embodiments will be illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in more detail in the detailed description of this disclosure. However, it should be understood that this is not intended to limit this disclosure to the specific forms disclosed, but rather to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of this disclosure.

[0072] In interpreting each drawing, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same elements. In the accompanying drawings, the dimensions of each structure are illustrated in an enlarged manner for clarity of this disclosure. It will be understood that although terms such as “first” and / or “second” may be used herein to describe one or more suitable components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, a first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, a second component may be referred to as a first component. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “one,” and “described” are intended to also include the plural forms. Furthermore, when describing embodiments of this disclosure, the use of “may” refers to “one or more embodiments of this disclosure.”

[0073] In this disclosure, it will be understood that the terms “comprise(s) / comprising,” “include(s) / including,” and / or “have(has) / having,” etc., indicate the presence of the features, quantities, steps, operations, components, parts, and / or one or more of them (e.g., any suitable) disclosed in this disclosure, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, quantities, steps, operations, components, parts, and / or one or more of them (e.g., any suitable combinations). As used herein, the terms “and,” “or,” and “and / or” can include a Any and all combinations of multiple related listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of…”, “one of…”, and “selected from…” when placed before / after a list of elements modify the entire list of elements, not individual elements. For example, “at least one of a, b, and c”, “selected from at least one of a, b, and c”, “at least one of a to c”, etc., can indicate only a, only b, only c, both a and b (e.g., simultaneously), both a and c (e.g., simultaneously), both b and c (e.g., simultaneously), all a, b, and c, or variations thereof. The “ / ” used herein can be interpreted as “and” or “or” depending on the context.

[0074] In this disclosure, if (e.g.) a layer, membrane, region, or plate is referred to as being "on" another layer, membrane, region, or plate or "in the upper part" of another layer, membrane, region, or plate, it may not only be "directly" on that layer, membrane, region, or plate, but one or more intervening layers, membranes, regions, or plates may also exist between them. Conversely, if (e.g.) a layer, membrane, region, or plate is referred to as being "below" another layer, membrane, region, or plate or "in the lower part" of another layer, membrane, region, or plate, it may not only be directly below that layer, membrane, region, or plate, but one or more intervening layers, membranes, regions, or plates may also exist between them. Additionally, it will be understood that if (e.g.) a portion is referred to as being "on" another portion, that portion may be arranged above or below the other portion. In this disclosure, "directly on" can mean that there are no additional layers, films, zones, plates, etc. between the layers, films, zones, plates, etc. and other parts. For example, "directly on" can mean arranging two layers or two components without using additional components (e.g., adhesive components) between them.

[0075] In this disclosure, the term "substituted or unsubstituted" may refer to an unsubstituted substance or a substance substituted by at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, amino, silyl, oxy, thio, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, carbonyl, boronyl, phosphonyl oxide, phosphonyl sulfide, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and heterocyclic. Furthermore, each of the substituents listed above may be substituted or unsubstituted. For example, biphenyl may be interpreted as aryl or a phenyl group substituted with a phenyl group.

[0076] In this disclosure, the phrase "bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring" can refer to a group bonding to an adjacent group to form a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle. The hydrocarbon ring may include aliphatic hydrocarbon rings and / or aromatic hydrocarbon rings. The heterocycle may include aliphatic heterocycles and / or aromatic heterocycles. Both the hydrocarbon ring and the heterocycle may be monocyclic or polycyclic. Furthermore, a ring formed by bonding adjacent groups to each other may be linked to another ring to form a spirostructure.

[0077] In this disclosure, the term "adjacent group" can refer to a substituent that replaces an atom directly bonded to the atom substituted by the corresponding substituent, another substituent that replaces the atom substituted by the corresponding substituent, or a substituent located spatially closest to the corresponding substituent. For example, the two methyl groups in 1,2-dimethylbenzene can be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other, and the two ethyl groups in 1,1-diethylcyclopentane can be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other. Additionally, the two methyl groups in 4,5-dimethylphenanthrene can be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other.

[0078] Examples of halogens in this disclosure may include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and / or iodine.

[0079] In this disclosure, the alkyl group may be straight-chain or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group may be 1 to 50, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 6. Examples of alkyl groups may include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-butylhexyl, n-heptyl, 1-methylheptyl, 2,2-dimethylheptyl, 2-ethylheptyl, 2-butylheptyl, n-octyl, tert-octyl, 2-ethyloctyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexyloctyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, 2-ethyldecyl, 2-butyldecyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2-octyldecyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl Alkyl groups, such as 2-ethyldodecyl, 2-butyldodecyl, 2-hexyldodecyl, 2-octyldodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecanyl, n-hexadecyl, 2-ethylhexadecyl, 2-butylhexadecyl, 2-hexylhexadecyl, 2-octylhexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-eicosyl, 2-ethyleicosyl, 2-butyleicosyl, 2-hexyleicosyl, 2-octyleicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, and / or n-eicosyl, are used, but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0080] In this disclosure, cycloalkyl can refer to a cyclic alkyl group. The number of carbon atoms in a cycloalkyl group can be 3 to 50, 3 to 30, 3 to 20, or 3 to 10. Examples of cycloalkyl groups may include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, norbornyl, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, isobornyl, and / or dicycloheptyl, etc., but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0081] In this disclosure, alkenyl refers to a hydrocarbon group comprising at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms. The alkenyl group can be straight-chain or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkenyl group is not specifically limited, for example, it can be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of alkenyl groups may include vinyl, 1-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, styryl, and / or styrylvinyl, etc., but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0082] In this disclosure, alkynyl refers to a hydrocarbon group comprising at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms. The alkynyl group can be straight-chain or branched. Although the number of carbon atoms is not specifically limited, it can be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of alkynyl groups may include ethynyl and / or propynyl, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0083] In this disclosure, cycloalkyl group refers to any functional group or substituent derived from an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring. The cycloalkyl group may be a saturated cycloalkyl group having 5 to 30 or 5 to 20 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0084] In this disclosure, aryl refers to any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. The aryl group can be monocyclic or polycyclic. The number of cyclic carbon atoms in the aryl group can be 6 to 60, 6 to 50, 6 to 40, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of aryl groups may include phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracene, phenanthryl, biphenyl, terphenyl, tetraphenyl, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, triphenylene, pyrene, benzofluoranthracene, and / or 1,2-benzophenanthryl, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0085] In this disclosure, the fluorene group may be substituted, and two substituents may bond to each other to form a spirostructure. Examples of substituted fluorene groups are given below. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0086]

[0087] As used herein, a heterocyclic group refers to any functional group or substituent derived from a ring containing at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se as a heteroatom. Heterocyclic groups include aliphatic heterocyclic groups and / or aromatic heterocyclic groups. Aromatic heterocyclic groups may be heteroaryl. Both aliphatic and aromatic heterocyclic groups may be monocyclic or polycyclic.

[0088] In this disclosure, the heterocyclic group may contain at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se as a heteroatom. If (for example, when) the heterocyclic group contains two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms may be the same or different from each other. The heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic or polycyclic heterocyclic group, and may include heteroaryl groups. The number of cyclic carbon atoms in the heterocyclic group may be 2 to 60, 2 to 50, 2 to 40, 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10.

[0089] In this disclosure, the aliphatic heterocyclic group may include at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se as a heteroatom. The number of cyclic carbon atoms in the aliphatic heterocyclic group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of aliphatic heterocyclic groups may include ethylene oxide, thiopropylcycloyl, pyrrolyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, thiaalkyl, tetrahydropyranyl, and / or 1,4-dioxane, etc., but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0090] In this disclosure, the heteroaryl group may contain at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se as a heteroatom. If (for example, when) the heteroaryl group comprises two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms may be the same or different from each other. The heteroaryl group may be a monocyclic heterocyclic group or a polycyclic heterocyclic group. The number of cyclic carbon atoms in the heteroaryl group may be 2 to 60, 2 to 50, 2 to 40, 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of heteroaryl groups may include thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, bipyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, triazolyl, acridineyl, pyridazinyl, quinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyridopyrazinyl, pyrazinopyrazinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, carbazoleyl, N-arylcarbazoleyl, N-heteroarylcarbazoleyl, N-alkylcarbazoleyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzocarbazoleyl, benzothiaphenyl, dibenzothiaphenyl, thienothiaphenyl, benzofuranyl, phenanthrololinyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, phenothiazinyl, dibenzothiaryl and / or dibenzofuranyl, etc., but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0091] In this disclosure, the above description of aryl groups applies to arylene groups, except that arylene groups are divalent groups. The above description of heteroaryl groups applies to heteroarylene groups, except that heteroarylene groups are divalent groups.

[0092] In this disclosure, silane may include alkylsilane and / or arylsilane. The alkyl group in the alkylsilane may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylsilane is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylsilane is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of silane may include trimethylsilane, triethylsilane, tert-butyldimethylsilane, vinyldimethylsilane, propyldimethylsilane, triphenylsilane, diphenylsilane, and / or phenylsilane, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0093] In this disclosure, the germanium group may include alkylgermanium group and / or arylgermanium group. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylgermanium group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylgermanium group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20 or 6 to 15. Examples of germanium groups may include trimethylgermanium group, triethylgermanium group, tert-butyldimethylgermanium group, vinyldimethylgermanium group, propyldimethylgermanium group, triphenylgermanium group, triphenylgermanium group, diphenylgermanium group and / or phenylgermanium group, etc., but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0094] In this disclosure, the number of carbon atoms in the carbonyl group is not specifically limited, and may be, for example, 1 to 40, 1 to 30, or 1 to 20. For example, the carbonyl group may have the following structure, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0095]

[0096] In this disclosure, the number of carbon atoms in the sulfinyl group or sulfonyl group is not particularly limited, for example, it can be from 1 to 30. The sulfinyl group may include alkylsulfinyl group and / or arylsulfinyl group. The sulfonyl group may include alkylsulfonyl group and / or arylsulfonyl group.

[0097] In this disclosure, the thio group may include alkylthio and / or arylthio. A thio group may refer to a sulfur atom bonded to an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. The alkyl group in the alkylthio group may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylthio group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylthio group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of thio groups may include methylthio, ethylthio, propanethio, pentylthio, hexylthio, octylthio, dodecylthio, cyclopentylthio, cyclohexylthio, phenylthio, and naphthio, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0098] In this disclosure, an oxygen group can refer to an oxygen atom bonded to an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. An oxygen group can include alkoxy and / or aryloxy groups. An alkoxy group can be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in an alkoxy group is not specifically limited, but can be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in an aryloxy group is not specifically limited, but can be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of oxygen groups can include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy, octoxy, nonoxy, decoxy, and / or benzyloxy, etc., but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0099] As used herein, a boron group may refer to a boron atom bonded to an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. A boron group may include alkylboron and / or arylboron. The alkyl group in an alkylboron group may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in an alkylboron group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in an arylboron group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of boron groups may include dimethylboron, tert-butylmethylboron, diphenylboron, and / or phenylboron, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0100] In this disclosure, the amino group may include alkylamino and / or arylamino. The alkyl group may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylamino group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylamino group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of amino groups may include methylamino, dimethylamino, phenylamino, diphenylamino, naphthylamino, and / or 9-methyl-anthraylamino, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0101] In this specification, phosphine oxide may refer to the above-defined alkyl or aryl group bonded to -P (=O)-. The number of carbon atoms in the phosphine oxide group is not specifically limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The phosphine oxide group may include alkylphosphine oxides and arylphosphine oxides. For example, the phosphine oxide group may have the following structures, but is not limited thereto.

[0102]

[0103] In this specification, phosphine sulfide may refer to the above-defined alkyl or aryl group bonded to -P (=S)-. The number of carbon atoms in the phosphine sulfide is not specifically limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. Phosphine sulfide may include alkylphosphine sulfide and arylphosphine sulfide. For example, phosphine sulfide may have the following structures, but is not limited thereto.

[0104]

[0105] In this disclosure, the alkyl group in alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylaryl, alkylamino, alkylboronyl, alkylsilyl, alkylgermanyl, alkylphosphine oxide, alkylphosphine sulfide, and alkylamine may be the same as the examples of alkyl groups described above.

[0106] In this disclosure, the aryl groups among aryloxy, arylthio, arylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylamino, arylboryl, arylsilyl, arylgermanyl, arylphosphine oxide, arylphosphine sulfide, and arylamine are the same as the aryl groups described above.

[0107] In this disclosure, a direct connection can refer to a single key.

[0108] In this disclosure, Both "——" and "*" indicate the positions to be connected.

[0109] Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0110] Figure 1 A plan view illustrating a display device DD according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the display device DD. Figure 2 To explain along Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a portion of line I-I' of the display device DD.

[0111] The display device DD may include a display panel DP and an optical layer PP disposed on the display panel DP. The display panel DP may include light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The display device DD may include multiple light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The optical layer PP may be disposed on the display panel DP to control the reflected light of external light at the display panel DP. The optical layer PP may include, for example, a polarizing layer and / or a color filter layer. In one or more embodiments, the optical layer PP may not be provided in the display device DD.

[0112] The substrate BL can be disposed on the optical layer PP. The substrate BL can be a component providing a substrate surface on which the optical layer PP is disposed. The substrate BL can be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the substrate BL can be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. In one or more embodiments, the substrate BL may not be provided.

[0113] The display device DD according to one or more embodiments may further include a filler layer. The filler layer may be disposed between the display device layer DP-ED and the substrate BL. The filler layer may be an organic material layer. The filler layer may include at least one selected from acrylic resins, silicone resins, and epoxy resins.

[0114] The display panel DP may include a substrate layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the substrate layer BS, and a display device layer DP-ED. The display device layer DP-ED may include a pixel defining film PDL, light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 respectively disposed between various portions of the pixel defining film PDL, and an encapsulation layer TFE disposed on the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3.

[0115] The substrate layer BS can be a component providing a substrate surface, on which the display device layers DP-ED are disposed. The substrate layer BS can be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto, and the substrate layer BS can be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer.

[0116] In one or more embodiments, the circuit layer DP-CL may be disposed on the substrate layer BS, and the circuit layer DP-CL may include a plurality of transistors. Each transistor may include a control electrode, an input electrode, and an output electrode. For example, in one or more embodiments, the circuit layer DP-CL may include switching transistors and driving transistors for driving the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 of the display device layer DP-ED.

[0117] Each of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may have according to Figures 3 to 6 The structure of one of the light-emitting elements ED in the embodiments described below will be described in more detail later. Each of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, respective emitter layers EML-R, EML-G and EML-B, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2.

[0118] Figure 2 One or more embodiments are illustrated, wherein the respective emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 are arranged in an opening OH defined by a pixel-defined film PDL, and the hole transport region HTR, electron transport region ETR, and second electrode EL2 are each provided as a common layer spanning the entire light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, in one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR and the electron transport region ETR may each be provided by being patterned in an opening OH defined by a pixel-defined film PDL. For example, the hole transport region HTR, the respective emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B, and the electron transport region ETR of light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 in one or more embodiments may be provided by being patterned using an inkjet printing method.

[0119] The encapsulation layer TFE may cover light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The encapsulation layer TFE may seal light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 in the display device layer DP-ED. The encapsulation layer TFE may be a thin-film encapsulation layer. The encapsulation layer TFE may be formed by laminating one or more layers. The encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one insulating layer. According to one or more embodiments, the encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one inorganic film (hereinafter, encapsulated inorganic film). According to one or more embodiments, the encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one organic film (hereinafter, encapsulated organic film) and at least one encapsulated inorganic film.

[0120] An inorganic encapsulation film protects the display device layer (DP-ED) from moisture / oxygen, while an organic encapsulation film protects the DP-ED from foreign matter (such as dust particles). The inorganic encapsulation film may include silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide, titanium dioxide, and / or aluminum oxide, but embodiments of this disclosure are not particularly limited thereto. The organic encapsulation film may include acrylic compounds and / or epoxy compounds, etc. In one or more embodiments, the organic encapsulation film may include a photopolymerizable organic material, but embodiments of this disclosure are not particularly limited thereto.

[0121] The encapsulation layer TFE can be arranged on the second electrode EL2 and can be arranged to fill the opening OH.

[0122] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The display device DD may include a non-emitting area NPXA and emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. The emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be areas in which light generated by corresponding light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 is emitted. The emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be spaced apart and / or separated from each other in a plane (e.g., in a plan view).

[0123] Each of the luminescent regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be a region defined by a pixel-defining film PDL. The non-luminescent region NPXA may be the region between adjacent luminescent regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B corresponding to the pixel-defining film PDL. In one or more embodiments, the luminescent regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may each correspond to a pixel. The pixel-defining film PDL may divide luminescent elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The respective emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of luminescent elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may be arranged in an opening OH defined by the pixel-defining film PDL and separated from each other.

[0124] The luminescent regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be divided into multiple groups based on the color of the light emitted from luminescent elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In one or more embodiments of the display device DD illustrated herein, three light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, respectively emitting red, green, and blue light, are illustrated. For example, one or more embodiments of the display device DD may include red light-emitting areas PXA-R, green light-emitting areas PXA-G, and blue light-emitting areas PXA-B that are separated from each other.

[0125] In a display device DD according to one or more embodiments, a plurality of light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light beams having different wavelength ranges from each other. For example, in one or more embodiments, the display device DD may include a first light-emitting element ED-1 emitting red light, a second light-emitting element ED-2 emitting green light, and a third light-emitting element ED-3 emitting blue light. For example, the red light-emitting area PXA-R, the green light-emitting area PXA-G, and the blue light-emitting area PXA-B of the display device DD may correspond to the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3, respectively.

[0126] However, the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto, and the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light beams within substantially the same wavelength range, or at least one light-emitting element may emit light beams within a different wavelength range. For example, in one or more embodiments, the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may all emit blue light.

[0127] According to one or more embodiments, the light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B in the display device DD can be arranged in a stripe pattern. (Reference) Figure 1 Multiple red emitting areas PXA-R can be arranged relative to each other along the second direction axis DR2, multiple green emitting areas PXA-G can be arranged relative to each other along the second direction axis DR2, and multiple blue emitting areas PXA-B can be arranged relative to each other along the second direction axis DR2. Furthermore, the red emitting areas PXA-R, green emitting areas PXA-G, and blue emitting areas PXA-B can be arranged alternately along the first direction axis DR1 in this order.

[0128] Figure 1 and Figure 2It is illustrated that all luminescent regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B have the same area, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. Therefore, in one or more embodiments, the luminescent regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may have different areas depending on the wavelength range of the emitted light. The area of ​​the luminescent regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may refer to the area if (e.g., when) viewed in a plane defined by the first directional axis DR1 and the second directional axis DR2 (e.g., the area in a plan view of the luminescent regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B). The third directional axis DR3 may be perpendicular to the plane defined by the first directional axis DR1 and the second directional axis DR2.

[0129] In one or more embodiments, the arrangement of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B is not limited to... Figure 1 The configuration illustrated herein, and the arrangement order of the red emitting areas PXA-R, green emitting areas PXA-G, and blue emitting areas PXA-B, can be provided in one or more suitable combinations according to the desired or required display quality characteristics in the display device DD. For example, in one or more embodiments, the arrangement of the emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be honeycomb-shaped. Arrangement (e.g., RGBG matrix, RGBG structure, or RGBG matrix structure) or diamond shape Arrangement (e.g., a display with red, green and blue (RGB) light-emitting areas arranged in a diamond shape (e.g., an OLED display)). Diamond is a registered trademark of Samsung Display Co., Ltd. It is a trademark of Samsung Display Co., Ltd.

[0130] In one or more embodiments, the areas of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be different from each other. For example, in one or more embodiments, the area of ​​the green light-emitting region PXA-G may be smaller than the area of ​​the blue light-emitting region PXA-B, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0131] The following text, Figures 3 to 6 Each of the following schematic cross-sectional views illustrates a light-emitting element (ED) according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The light-emitting element (ED) according to one or more embodiments may include a first electrode EL1, a second electrode EL2 opposite to (e.g., arranged opposite to) the first electrode EL1, and at least one functional layer between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. The light-emitting element (ED) of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure may include, in at least one functional layer, a nitrogen-containing compound of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, which will be explained later.

[0132] In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting element (ED) may include hole transport region (HTR), emitter layer (EML), and / or electron transport region (ETR) stacked in sequence (e.g., in the order described) as at least one functional layer. For example, the light-emitting element (ED) of one or more embodiments may include a first electrode (EL1), hole transport region (HTR), emitter layer (EML), electron transport region (ETR), and second electrode (EL2) stacked in the order described.

[0133] and Figure 3 compared to, Figure 4 A cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting element (ED) according to one or more embodiments, wherein the hole transport region (HTR) includes a hole injection layer (HIL) and a hole transport layer (HTL), and the electron transport region (ETR) includes an electron injection layer (EIL) and an electron transport layer (ETL). Additionally, with Figure 3 compared to, Figure 5 A cross-sectional view showing a light-emitting element (ED) according to one or more embodiments, wherein the hole transport region (HTR) includes a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), and an electron blocking layer (EBL), and the electron transport region (ETR) includes an electron injection layer (EIL), an electron transport layer (ETL), and a hole blocking layer (HBL). Figure 4 compared to, Figure 6 A cross-sectional view showing one or more embodiments of a light-emitting element ED that further includes a capping layer CPL disposed on a second electrode EL2.

[0134] One or more embodiments of the light-emitting element (ED) may include a nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 of one or more embodiments in at least one functional layer included in the light-emitting element ED, which will be explained later. For example, in one or more embodiments, the light-emitting element ED may include a nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 of one or more embodiments in the emitting layer EML or the electron transport region ETR, which will be explained later. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and one or more embodiments of the light-emitting element ED may include a nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 of one or more embodiments in the hole transport region HTR corresponding to a plurality of functional layers disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2, or in the capping layer CPL disposed on the second electrode EL2, which will be explained later.

[0135] The first electrode EL1 is conductive (e.g., a conductor). The first electrode EL1 may be formed of a metallic material, a metal alloy, and / or a conductive compound. The first electrode EL1 may be an anode or a cathode. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. In one or more embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may be a pixel electrode. The first electrode EL1 may be a transmission electrode, a transmission-reflection electrode, or a reflection electrode. The first electrode EL1 may include at least one selected from silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), lithium fluoride (LiF), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), indium (In), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn), a compound selected from two or more of these, a mixture selected from two or more of these, and / or an oxide selected from one or more of these.

[0136] If (for example, when) the first electrode EL1 is a transmission electrode, then the first electrode EL1 may include a transparent metal oxide (such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and / or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO)). If (for example, when) the first electrode EL1 is a transmissive-reflective electrode or a reflective electrode, then the first electrode EL1 may include at least one selected from Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, and W, their compounds, or mixtures thereof (e.g., a mixture of Ag and Mg), or multilayer structure materials such as LiF / Ca (a stacked structure of LiF and Ca) or LiF / Al (a stacked structure of LiF and Al). In one or more embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may have a multilayer structure, which includes a reflective or transmissive-reflective film formed from one or more of the above materials, and a transparent conductive film formed from ITO, IZO, ZnO, and / or ITZO. For example, in one or more embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. In one or more embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may include one of the above-mentioned metallic materials, one or more combinations of at least two of the above-mentioned metallic materials, and / or any oxide of the above-mentioned metallic materials, etc. The thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be approximately [missing information]. to approximately For example, in one or more embodiments, the thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be approximately to approximately

[0137] A hole transport region (HTR) may be provided on the first electrode EL1. The HTR may include at least one of a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), a buffer layer (or emitter assist layer), and an electron blocking layer (EBL). The thickness of the HTR may be, for example, approximately [missing information - likely a number]. to approximately

[0138] The hole transport region (HTR) can have a single-layer structure formed by a single material, a single-layer structure formed by multiple different materials, or a multi-layer structure including multiple layers formed by multiple different materials.

[0139] For example, in one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may have a single-layer structure of a hole injection layer HIL or a hole transport layer HTL, or may have a single-layer structure formed of a hole injection material and / or a hole transport material. In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may have a single-layer structure formed of a variety of different materials, or a structure in which the hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL, the hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / buffer layer, the hole injection layer HIL / buffer layer, the hole transport layer HTL / buffer layer, or the hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / electron blocking layer EBL are stacked sequentially from the first electrode EL1 (e.g., in the order described), but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0140] Hole transport regions (HTRs) can be formed using one or more suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Brookett (LB) method, inkjet printing, laser printing, and / or laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI).

[0141] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may include a compound represented by formula H-1:

[0142] Formula H-1

[0143]

[0144] In formula H-1, L1 and L2 can each independently be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. a and b can each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 10. In one or more embodiments, if (for example, when) a and / or b are each an integer of 2 or greater, then the plurality of L1 and / or the plurality of L2 can each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0145] In formula H-1, Ar1 and Ar2 can each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. Additionally, in formula H-1, Ar3 can be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0146] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by formula H-1 may be a monoamine compound. In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by formula H-1 may be a diamine compound wherein at least one selected from Ar1 to Ar3 includes an amino group as a substituent. In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by formula H-1 may be a carbazole compound comprising a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group in at least one of Ar1 and Ar2, or a fluorene compound comprising a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene group in at least one of Ar1 and Ar2.

[0147] The compound represented by formula H-1 can be any of the compounds selected from group H. However, the compounds listed in group H are merely examples, and the compounds represented by formula H-1 are not limited to those represented in group H.

[0148] Compound group H

[0149]

[0150]

[0151] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region (HTR) may include one or more of the following: phthalocyanine compounds (such as copper phthalocyanine), N... 1 N 1' -([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(N) 1 -Phenyl-N 4 N 4-Di-m-Tolylphenyl-1,4-Diamine (DNTPD), 4,4',4"-[Tris(3-Tolyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4',4"-Tris(N,N-Diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), 4,4',4"-Tris[N-(2-Naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA), Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) / Poly(4-Styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), Polyaniline / Dodecylbenzenesulfonic Acid (PANI) Polyaniline / camphor sulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PANI / PSS), N,N'-di(naphthyl-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), triphenylamine-containing polyether ketone (TPAPEK), 4-isopropyl-4'-methyldiphenyliodonium [tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate] and / or dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarboxynitrile (HAT-CN), etc.

[0152] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region (HTR) may include one or more of the following: carbazole derivatives (such as N-phenylcarbazole and / or polyvinylcarbazole), fluorene derivatives and / or triphenylamine derivatives (such as N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD), 4,4',4”-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), N,N'-bis(naphthyl-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), 4,4'-cyclohexylenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC), 4,4'-bis[N,N'-(3-tolyl)amino]-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD) and / or 1,3-bis(carbazole-9-yl)benzene (mCP)), etc.

[0153] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region (HTR) may include one or more selected from 9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-carbazole (CzSi), 9-phenyl-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (CCP), and / or 1,3-bis(1,8-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)benzene (mDCP).

[0154] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region (HTR) may include any of the compounds selected from group 4.

[0155] The hole transport region HTR may include one or more of the above-mentioned compounds in at least one of the hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, and the electron blocking layer EBL.

[0156] The thickness of the hole transport region (HTR) can be approximately to approximately For example, about to approximately If (for example, when) the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL, then the hole injection layer HIL may have, for example, approximately to approximately The thickness. If (for example, when) the hole transport region HTR includes the hole transport layer HTL, then the hole transport layer HTL may have approximately to approximately The thickness. For example, if (e.g., when) the hole transport region HTR includes an electron blocking layer EBL, then the electron blocking layer EBL may have approximately to approximately The thickness of the hole transport region (HTR), hole injection layer (HIL), hole transport layer (HTL), and electron blocking layer (EBL) must meet the above-mentioned range to achieve satisfactory hole transport properties without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0157] In one or more embodiments, in addition to the materials described above, the hole transport region (HTR) may further include a charge-generating material to increase conductivity (e.g., electrical conductivity). The charge-generating material may be uniformly (e.g., substantially uniformly) or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport region (HTR). The charge-generating material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may include at least one of a metal halide compound (e.g., a metal halide), a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano-containing compound, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, in one or more embodiments, the p-dopant may include metal halides (such as CuI and / or RbI), quinone derivatives (such as tetracyanoquinone dimethyl ether (TCNQ) and / or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinone dimethyl ether (F4-TCNQ), metal oxides (such as tungsten oxide and / or molybdenum oxide), cyano-containing compounds (such as dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarboxynitrile (HAT-CN) and / or 4-[[2,3-bis[cyano-(4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)methylene]cyclopropyl]-cyanomethyl]-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzonitrile (NDP9)), etc., but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0158] As described above, in addition to the hole injection layer (HIL) and the hole transport layer (HTL), the hole transport region (HTR) may further include at least one of a buffer layer and an electron blocking layer (EBL). The buffer layer can compensate for the resonant distance according to the wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer (EML) and can thus increase luminous efficiency. Materials that may be included in the hole transport region (HTR) can be used as materials to be included in the buffer layer. The electron blocking layer (EBL) is a layer used to prevent or reduce electron injection from the electron transport region (ETR) into the hole transport region (HTR).

[0159] The emitter layer EML can be provided on the hole transport region HTR. The emitter layer EML may have, for example, approximately... to approximately or about to approximately The thickness of the emitter layer (EML) can be a single-layer structure formed using a single material, a single-layer structure formed using multiple different materials, or a multi-layer structure with multiple layers formed using multiple different materials.

[0160] One or more embodiments of a light-emitting element (ED) may include a nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 in at least one functional layer disposed between a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2. In one or more embodiments of the light-emitting element (ED), an emission layer (EML) may include a nitrogen-containing compound from one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, the emission layer (EML) may include a nitrogen-containing compound from one or more embodiments as a host. A nitrogen-containing compound from one or more embodiments may be the host material of the emission layer (EML). In one or more embodiments of this disclosure, a nitrogen-containing compound from one or more embodiments may be referred to as a first host.

[0161] One or more embodiments of the nitrogen-containing compound include a carbazole moiety and two triazine moieties. In one or more embodiments of the nitrogen-containing compound, the carbazole moiety and the two triazine moieties are linked together and connected to each other via a linker. The linker may be a substituted or unsubstituted trivalent phenyl group. In this disclosure, the linker connecting the carbazole moiety and the two triazine moieties may be referred to as a "phenyl linker".

[0162] One or more embodiments of the nitrogen-containing compound may include a carbazole moiety, a first triazine moiety, and a second triazine moiety, and may have a structure in which the carbazole moiety, the first triazine moiety, and the second triazine moiety are linked to each other via a linker (e.g., a phenyl linker). The nitrogen at the 9-position of the carbazole moiety may be bonded to the phenyl linker, and the first triazine moiety and the second triazine moiety may be bonded (e.g., bonded) to two carbon atoms of the phenyl linker, each adjacent to the carbon atom bonded to the nitrogen at the 9-position. For example, the first triazine moiety and the second triazine moiety may each be bonded to a carbon atom adjacent to the carbon atom bonded to the carbazole moiety.

[0163] Each of the first and second triazine moieties may be substituted with at least one carbazoyl group. The phenyl linker may be attached to one carbon atom at the 2, 4, and 6 positions of each of the first and second triazine moieties, and the substituted or unsubstituted carbazoyl group may be substituted at at least one of the two remaining carbon atoms selected from each of the first and second triazine moieties. For example, the phenyl linker may be attached to a carbon atom at the 2 position selected from the 2, 4, and 6 positions of the first triazine moieties, and the substituted or unsubstituted carbazoyl group may be substituted at at least one of the carbon atoms selected from the 4 and 6 positions of the first triazine moieties. Similarly, the phenyl linker may be attached to a carbon atom at the 2 position selected from the 2, 4, and 6 positions of the second triazine moieties, and the substituted or unsubstituted carbazoyl group may be substituted at at least one of the carbon atoms selected from the 4 and 6 positions of the second triazine moieties. In this disclosure, the cyclizing atoms of each of the first and second triazine moieties are numbered as follows.

[0164]

[0165] One or more embodiments of the nitrogen-containing compound can be represented by Formula 1.

[0166] Formula 1

[0167]

[0168] In Formula 1, R1 to R3 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted germanyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted thio, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, one or more selected from R1 to R3 may combine with adjacent groups to form a ring.

[0169] In one or more embodiments, R1 to R3 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted germanyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, R1 may be hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, and R2 and R3 may each independently be hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted triazine, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl.

[0170] In Formula 1, n1 is an integer selected from 0 to 3. If (for example, when) n1 is 0, the nitrogen-containing compound in one or more embodiments may not be substituted by R1. In Formula 1, embodiments where n1 is 3 and R1 is all hydrogen may be the same as embodiments where n1 is 0. If (for example, when) n1 is an integer of 2 or greater, the plurality of R1s may all be the same, or at least one of the plurality of R1s may be different.

[0171] In Formula 1, n2 and n3 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 4 independently. If (for example, when) n2 and n3 are each 0, then the nitrogen-containing compound of one or more embodiments may not be substituted by R2 and R3 respectively. In Formula 1, embodiments in which each of n2 and n3 is 4 and each of R2 and R3 is hydrogen may be the same as embodiments in which each of n2 and n3 is 0. If each of n2 and n3 is an integer of 2 or greater, then each of the plurality of R2 and the plurality of R3 may be the same, or at least one selected from the plurality of R2 and the plurality of R3 may be different.

[0172] In Formula 1, A1, A2, B1, and B2 may each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, A1, A2, B1, and B2 may each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group.

[0173] In Formula 1, at least one of A1 and B1 and at least one of A2 and B2 may each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group. For example, in one or more embodiments, one of A1 and B1 and one of A2 and B2 may each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group. In one or more embodiments, A1, B1, A2, and B2 may each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group.

[0174] In one or more embodiments, at least one of A1 and B1 and at least one of A2 and B2 can each be independently represented by formula Z.

[0175] Formula Z

[0176]

[0177] In formula Z, S1 and S2 can each be independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0178] In Formula Z, r1 and r2 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 4 independently. If (for example, when) r1 and r2 are each 0, then the nitrogen-containing compound of one or more embodiments may not be substituted by S1 and S2 respectively. In Formula Z, embodiments in which each of r1 and r2 is 4 and each of S1 and S2 is hydrogen may be the same as embodiments in Formula Z in which each of r1 and r2 is 0. If (for example, when) each of r1 and r2 is an integer of 2 or greater, then each of the plurality of S1 and the plurality of S2 may be the same, or at least one selected from the plurality of S1 and the plurality of S2 may be different.

[0179] In one or more embodiments, at least one of A1 and B1 and at least one of A2 and B2 may each be independently substituted or unsubstituted carbazole groups, and the remaining groups selected from A1, B1, A2 and B2 may each be independently represented by one selected from formula A-1 to A-4.

[0180] Formula A-1

[0181]

[0182] Formula A-2

[0183]

[0184] Formula A-3

[0185]

[0186] Formula A-4

[0187]

[0188] In equations A-1 to A-4, R a To R i Each of these can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, R a To R i Each can be independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl.

[0189] In formulas A-1 to A-4, q1, q5, and q7 to q9 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 5 independently, and q2 to q4 and q6 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 4 independently. If (for example, when) q1 to q9 are each 0, then the nitrogen-containing compound of one or more embodiments may not be subject to R. a To R i Replace them respectively. Where each of q1, q5, and q7 through q9 is 5 and R... a R e and R g To R i An embodiment in which each of q1, q5, and q7 to q9 is hydrogen can be the same as an embodiment in which each of q2 to q4 and q6 is 0. Where each of q2 to q4 and q6 is 4 and R b To R d and R f An embodiment where each of q2 to q4 and q6 is hydrogen can be the same as an embodiment where each of q2 to q4 and q6 is 0. If each of q1 to q9 is an integer of 2 or greater, then multiple R... a Up to multiple R i Each of them can be the same, or selected from multiple R... a Up to multiple R i At least one of them may be different.

[0190] In one or more embodiments, at least one of A1 and B1 and at least one of A2 and B2 may each be independently substituted or unsubstituted carbazole groups, and the remaining groups may each be independently substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, at least one of A1 and B1 and at least one of A2 and B2 may each be independently substituted or unsubstituted carbazole groups, and the remaining groups may each be independently substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl.

[0191] In one or more embodiments, the nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 2.

[0192] Formula 2

[0193]

[0194] Equation 2 represents the implementation of the types (categories) of A1 and A2 specified in Equation 1. Equation 2 represents the implementation where the types (categories) of A1 and A2 in Equation 1 are each substituted or unsubstituted carbazole groups.

[0195] In Formula 2, R4 to R7 may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted germanyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted thio, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, one or more selected from R4 to R7 may combine with adjacent groups to form a ring.

[0196] In one or more embodiments, R4 to R7 may each be independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted germanyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, R4 to R7 may each be independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl.

[0197] In Formula 2, n4 to n7 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 4 independently. If (for example, when) each of n4 to n7 is 0, then the nitrogen-containing compound of one or more embodiments may not be replaced by R4 to R7 respectively. An embodiment in which each of n4 to n7 is 4 and each of R4 to R7 is hydrogen may be the same as an embodiment in which each of n4 to n7 is 0. If (for example, when) each of n4 to n7 is 2 or a larger integer, then each of the plurality of R4 to the plurality of R7 may be the same, or at least one selected from the plurality of R4 to the plurality of R7 may be different.

[0198] In Equation 2, the same content as explained in Equation 1 can be used for R1 to R3, n1 to n3, B1, and B2.

[0199] In one or more embodiments, the nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 3-1 or Formula 3-2.

[0200] Equation 3-1

[0201]

[0202] Equation 3-2

[0203]

[0204] Formulas 3-1 and 3-2 represent embodiments in Formula 1 that specify three or four types (categories) selected from A1, B1, A2, and B2. Formula 3-1 corresponds to embodiments in Formula 1 where A1, B1, and A2 are substituted or unsubstituted carbazole groups. Formula 3-2 corresponds to embodiments in Formula 1 where A1, B1, A2, and B2 are substituted or unsubstituted carbazole groups.

[0205] In equations 3-1 and 3-2, R4 to R 11 Each of these can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted germanyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted thio, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, the group selected is R4 to R5. 11 One or more of them can combine with adjacent groups to form a ring.

[0206] In one or more embodiments, R4 to R 11 Each of these can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted germanyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, R4 to R 11 Each can be independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl.

[0207] In Equations 3-1 and 3-2, n4 to n11 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 4 independently. If (for example, when) n4 to n11 are each 0, then the nitrogen-containing compound of one or more embodiments may not be affected by R4 to R 11 Replace them respectively. Where each of n4 to n11 is 4 and R4 to R... 11 An embodiment where each of n4 to n11 is hydrogen can be the same as an embodiment where each of n4 to n11 is 0. If (for example, when) each of n4 to n11 is an integer of 2 or greater, then multiple R4 to multiple R 11 Each of them can be the same, or selected from multiple R4s to multiple R4s. 11 At least one of them may be different.

[0208] In Equations 3-1 and 3-2, the same content as explained in Equation 1 can be used for R1 to R3, n1 to n3 and B2.

[0209] In one or more embodiments, the nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 4-1 or Formula 4-2.

[0210] Equation 4-1

[0211]

[0212] Equation 4-2

[0213]

[0214] In Formulas 4-1 and 4-2, Z1 to Z8 may each be independently hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, Z1 to Z8 may each be independently hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0215] In Formula 4-2, R2' can be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted germanyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0216] In Equation 4-2, n2' is an integer selected from 0 to 3. If (for example, when) n2' is 0, the nitrogen-containing compound in one or more embodiments may not be replaced by R2'. An embodiment where n2' is 3 and R2' is entirely hydrogen may be the same as an embodiment where n2' is 0. If (for example, when) n2' is an integer of 2 or greater, each of the plurality of R2' may be the same, or at least one of the plurality of R2' may be different.

[0217] In Formula 4-2, A3 and B3 may each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, A3 and B3 may each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0218] In Equations 4-1 and 4-2, the same content as explained in Equation 1 can be used for R1, R3, n1, n3, A1, A2, B1, and B2.

[0219] In one or more embodiments, the nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by one of Formulas 5-1 to 5-3.

[0220] Formula 5-1

[0221]

[0222] Formula 5-2

[0223]

[0224] Formula 5-3

[0225]

[0226] In equations 5-1 and 5-2, B 1a and B 2a Each can be an aryl group, either substituted or unsubstituted, consisting of 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, B 1a and B 2a Each can be either substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups.

[0227] In equations 5-2 and 5-3, B 1b and B 2b Each can be a heteroaryl group, either substituted or unsubstituted, consisting of 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, B 1b and B 2b Each can be independently a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group.

[0228] In Equations 5-1 to 5-3, the same content as explained in Equation 1 can be used for R1 to R3 and n1 to n3.

[0229] In Equations 5-1 to 5-3, the same content as explained in Equation 2 can be applied to R4 to R7 and n4 to n7.

[0230] In one or more embodiments, the nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 6.

[0231] Formula 6

[0232]

[0233] In Equation 6, R 1a It may be hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 15 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, R 1a It can be hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl, or substituted or unsubstituted phenyl.

[0234] In Equation 6, the same content as explained in Equation 1 can be used for R2, R3, n2, n3, A1, A2, B1, and B2.

[0235] The nitrogen-containing compound in one or more embodiments may be any one of the compounds represented in compound group 1. At least one functional layer included in the light-emitting element (ED) of one or more embodiments may include at least one nitrogen-containing compound selected from the compounds represented in compound group 1. The light-emitting element (ED) of one or more embodiments may include at least one nitrogen-containing compound selected from the compounds represented in compound group 1 in the emission layer EML. In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting element (ED) of one or more embodiments may include at least one nitrogen-containing compound selected from the compounds represented in compound group 1 in the electron transport region.

[0236] Compound group 1

[0237]

[0238]

[0239]

[0240]

[0241]

[0242] exist Figures 3 to 6 In the light-emitting element (ED) of the embodiments shown, the emitting layer (EML) may include a host and a dopant, and the emitting layer (EML) may include a nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 as the host material. However, the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, in one or more embodiments of the light-emitting element (ED), the electron transport region (ETR) may include a nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1.

[0243] The nitrogen-containing compound in one or more embodiments may be a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TEF) host or a phosphorescent host. The emission layer (EML) comprising the nitrogen-containing compound in one or more embodiments may emit phosphorescence or thermally activated delayed fluorescence. For example, in one or more embodiments, the emission layer (EML) may emit phosphorescence.

[0244] One or more embodiments of the nitrogen-containing compound may have a relatively high lowest excited triplet level (T1 level) of about 2.8 eV or higher. This is the lowest excited triplet level suitable or appropriate for use as the host material of the emitting layer EML of a light-emitting element ED, and the emitting layer is used to emit thermally activated delayed fluorescence or phosphorescence.

[0245] One or more embodiments of the nitrogen-containing compound may have a structure in which the carbazole moiety and the first and second triazine moieties are linked (e.g., bonded) to a phenyl linker, and the first and second triazine moieties are each ortho-substituted relative to the carbon atom linked to the carbazole moiety. Accordingly, a torsion occurs between the carbazole moiety and the first and second triazine moieties, which can result in a high lowest triplet excitation level. Additionally, in one or more embodiments of the nitrogen-containing compound, the first and second triazine moieties are respectively substituted with at least one substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group. For example, in one or more embodiments, at least one substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group is attached to each of the first and second triazine moieties. By introducing a carbazole group as a donor of the triazine moiety, the holes and electrons in the triazine moiety can be balanced (e.g., the carbazole group acts as a donor of the triazine moiety to balance the hole and electron properties in the triazine moiety), and by introducing two or more carbazole groups into the molecule, the charge mobility control effect can be obtained (e.g., incorporating two or more carbazole groups into the molecule enhances the control of charge mobility).

[0246] Accordingly, one or more embodiments of the light-emitting element (ED) can exhibit high efficiency and simultaneously exhibit long lifetime and low drive voltage properties by including the nitrogen-containing compound of this disclosure as a blue phosphorescent host or a thermally activated delayed fluorescence host in the emitting layer (EML).

[0247] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer EML may include one or more types (classes) of nitrogen-containing compounds represented by Formula 1.

[0248] In one or more embodiments, the emitting layer EML of the light-emitting element ED can emit blue light. For example, the emitting layer EML of the light-emitting element ED in one or more embodiments can emit blue light in the wavelength range of about 440 nm to about 500 nm. However, the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto; for example, in one or more embodiments, the emitting layer EML can emit green or red light.

[0249] In one or more embodiments, the emitting layer EML may include nitrogen-containing compounds of one or more embodiments. The emitting layer EML may include nitrogen-containing compounds of one or more embodiments as a host material. For example, the emitting layer EML in one or more embodiments of a light-emitting element ED may include at least one nitrogen-containing compound selected from compound group 1 as a host material. However, the use of the nitrogen-containing compounds of one or more embodiments is not limited thereto.

[0250] In one or more embodiments, the emitter EML may include a variety of compounds. The emitter EML of one or more embodiments may include different first and second bodies, and dopants. For example, the emitter EML of one or more embodiments may include different first and second bodies, and phosphorescent dopants. In one or more embodiments, the emitter EML may include different first and second bodies, and thermally activated delayed fluorescence dopants. In one or more embodiments, the first body may be represented by Formula 1 above, the second body may be represented by Formula HT, and the dopant may be represented by Formula D-1. The dopant represented by Formula D-1 may be a phosphorescent dopant.

[0251] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer EML may further include a second body represented by the formula HT.

[0252] HT

[0253]

[0254] In formula HT, at least one selected from Y1 to Y3 can be N, and the remainder can be CR. 56 For example, in one or more embodiments, any one of Y1 to Y3 can be N, and the remaining two can each be CR independently. 56 In these embodiments, the second component represented by the formula HT may include a pyridine portion. In one or more embodiments, two selected from Y1 to Y3 may be N, and the remaining one may be CR. 56 In these embodiments, the second body represented by formula HT may include a pyrimidine portion. In one or more embodiments, Y1 to Y3 may all be N. In these embodiments, the second body represented by formula HT may include a triazine portion.

[0255] In the formula HT, R 56 It may be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0256] In the formula HT, b1 to b3 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 10 independently.

[0257] In formula HT, Ar b To Ar d Each of these can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, Ar b To Ard Each can be independently a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group.

[0258] In formula HT, L2 to L4 can each independently be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, L2 to L4 can each independently be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, if (for example, when) each of b1 to b3 is an integer of 2 or greater, then the plurality of L2 to the plurality of L4 can each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0259] In one or more embodiments, the second body represented by the formula HT may be any one of the compounds selected from group 2. The light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may include at least one (e.g., any one) of the compounds selected from group 2.

[0260] Compound group 2

[0261]

[0262]

[0263]

[0264]

[0265]

[0266]

[0267]

[0268]

[0269] In the example compounds presented in Compound Group 2, “D” refers to a deuterium atom, and “Ph” may refer to an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0270] In one or more embodiments, the emitting layer EML may further include a dopant represented by Formula D-1. For example, the emitting layer EML may include an organometallic complex comprising platinum (Pt) as a central metal atom and ligands bonded to the central metal atom as a dopant. In one or more embodiments of the light-emitting element ED, the emitting layer EML may include a compound represented by Formula D-1 as a phosphorescent dopant.

[0271] Formula D-1

[0272]

[0273] In equation D-1, Q1 to Q4 can each be C or N independently.

[0274] In formula D-1, C1 to C4 can each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon cyclic group with 5 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0275] In equation D-1, X 11 To X 14 Each can be a direct connection or *-O-*, independent of the others. For example, selected from X. 11 To X 14 Any one of them can be *-O-*, and the others can each be directly connected.

[0276] In equation D-1, L 11 To L 13 Each can be used independently as a direct connection, *-O-*, *-S-*, Substituted or unsubstituted alkylene groups of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene groups of 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene groups of 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. In L 11 To L 13 In the text, “——*” refers to the part connected to C1 to C4.

[0277] In equation D-1, b11 to b13 can each be 0 or 1 independently. If (for example, when) b11 is 0, then C1 and C2 can be unconnected. If (for example, when) b12 is 0, then C2 and C3 can be unconnected. If (for example, when) b13 is 0, then C3 and C4 can be unconnected.

[0278] In equation D-1, R 61 To R 66 Each of these can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted thio, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted boryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, the group selected from R... 61 To R 66One or more of the groups can combine with adjacent groups to form a ring. In one or more embodiments, R 61 To R 66 Each can be independently a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group.

[0279] In formula D-1, d1 to d4 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 4 independently. In formula D-1, if (for example, when) d1 to d4 are each 0, then the compound represented by formula D-1 may not be affected by R. 61 To R 64 Replace them respectively. Where d1 to d4 are each 4 and R... 61 To R 64 The embodiment consisting entirely of hydrogen atoms can be the same as the embodiment where d1 to d4 are each 0. If (for example, when) d1 to d4 are each an integer of 2 or greater, then multiple R... 61 Up to multiple R 64 Each of them can be the same, or multiple Rs. 61 Up to multiple R 64 At least one of them may be different.

[0280] In formula D-1, C1 to C4 can each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon cyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group represented by any one of C-1 to C-5.

[0281]

[0282] In C-1 to C-5, P1 can be C—* or CR. 74 P2 can be N-* or NR 81 P3 can be N-* or NR 82 P4 can be C—* or CR 88 And P6 can be C—* or CR 90 R 71 To R 90 Each of the groups may be independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combined with adjacent groups to form a ring.

[0283] Additionally, in C-1 to C-4, The part connected to the central metal atom Pt, and "—*" corresponds to the adjacent ring groups C1 to C4 or the adjacent linker L. 11 To L 13 The connecting part.

[0284] One or more embodiments of a light-emitting element (ED) include all the first host, second host, and dopant, and the emission layer (EML) may include a combination of two host materials and one dopant material. In one or more embodiments of a light-emitting element (ED), the emission layer (EML) may simultaneously (e.g., synchronously) include a first host and a second host (which are two different hosts), a phosphorescent dopant that is an organometallic composite, and may exhibit superior or suitable emission efficiency properties.

[0285] In one or more embodiments, the dopant represented by formula D-1 may include (e.g., be) at least one (e.g., any one) selected from the compounds represented in compound group 3. The emitter layer EML may include at least one selected from the compounds represented in compound group 3 as a phosphorescent dopant material.

[0286] Compound group 3

[0287]

[0288]

[0289]

[0290]

[0291] In the example compounds presented in compound group 3, "D" refers to deuterium.

[0292] In one or more embodiments of the light-emitting element ED, in addition to the nitrogen-containing compounds described above, the emitting layer EML may further include materials that are very suitable in the art.

[0293] exist Figures 3 to 6 In the light-emitting element (ED) of the embodiments shown, the emitting layer (EML) may include a host and a dopant, and the emitting layer (EML) may include a compound represented by formula H-2. The compound represented by formula H-2 can be used as a thermally activated delayed fluorescence host material.

[0294] H-2

[0295]

[0296] In equation H-2, M1 to M8 can each be N or CR independently. 51 For example, in one or more embodiments, all of M1 to M8 can be CR. 51 In one or more embodiments, any one of M1 to M8 may be N, and the remainder may be CR. 51 .

[0297] In formula H-2, L1 can be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted arylene group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, L1 can be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted phenylene, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent biphenyl, and / or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent carbazole group, etc., but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0298] In equation H-2, Y a Can be used for direct connection, CR 52 R 53 or SiR 54 R 55 For example, it can refer to two six-membered rings (e.g., two benzene rings) connected to the nitrogen atom of formula H-2, which can be directly connected, Connection. In equation H-2, if (for example, when) Y a If it is a direct connection, the substituent represented by formula H-2 may include the carbazole moiety.

[0299] In equation H-2, Ar a It can be an aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, either substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, either substituted or unsubstituted. For example, in one or more embodiments, Ar... a It may be a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophene, and / or a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, etc., but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0300] In equation H-2, R 51 To R 55 Each of these can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted thio, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted boryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, the group selected from R... 51 To R 55 One or more of the groups can combine with adjacent groups to form a ring. For example, in one or more embodiments, R 51 To R 55 Each can be either hydrogen or deuterium independently. In one or more embodiments, R 51 To R 55 Each can be an unsubstituted methyl or an unsubstituted phenyl group, and each can be independently represented by an unsubstituted methyl group or an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0301] In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by formula H-2 may be any one of the compounds represented in compound group 4. The emission layer EML may include at least one of the compounds represented in compound group 4 as a fluorescent host material or a thermally activated delayed fluorescence host material.

[0302] Compound group 4

[0303]

[0304]

[0305]

[0306] In the example compounds presented in compound group 4, “D” refers to deuterium, and “Ph” may be an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0307] In one or more embodiments of the light-emitting element (ED), the emitting layer (EML) may further include one or more selected from anthracene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, fluoranthene derivatives, 1,2-benzophenanthrene derivatives, dihydrobenzanthene derivatives, and triphenylene derivatives. For example, in one or more embodiments, the emitting layer (EML) may include one or more anthracene derivatives and / or one or more pyrene derivatives.

[0308] exist Figures 3 to 6 In the light-emitting element (ED) of the embodiments shown, the emitting layer (EML) may include a host and a dopant, and the emitting layer (EML) may include a compound represented by Formula E-1. The compound represented by Formula E-1 can be used as a fluorescent host material or a thermally activated delayed fluorescence host material.

[0309] E-1

[0310]

[0311] In equation E-1, R 31 To R 40 Each of the following can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted thio, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl with 2 to 10 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combined with adjacent groups to form a ring. In one or more embodiments, selected from R 31 To R 40 One or more of them can combine with adjacent groups to form a saturated hydrocarbon ring, an unsaturated hydrocarbon ring, a saturated heterocycle, or an unsaturated heterocycle.

[0312] In E-1, “c” and “d” can each be an integer selected from 0 to 5 independently.

[0313] The compound represented by formula E-1 can be represented by any one of compounds selected from E1 to E21.

[0314]

[0315]

[0316] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer EML may include a compound represented by formula E-2a or E-2b. The compound represented by formula E-2a or E-2b may be used as a phosphorescent host material or a thermally activated delayed fluorescence host material.

[0317] E-2a

[0318]

[0319] In formula E-2a, "a" can be an integer selected from 0 to 10, and La can be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, if (for example, when) "a" is an integer of 2 or greater, then a plurality of L a Each can be an arylene with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroarylene with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted.

[0320] Furthermore, in E-2a, A1 to A5 can each be independently N or CR. i R a To R i Each group may independently be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may independently combine with adjacent groups to form a ring. In one or more embodiments, the group selected from R a To R i One or more of them can combine with adjacent groups to form a hydrocarbon ring or a heterocycle including N, O and / or S as cyclic atoms.

[0321] In one or more embodiments, in formula E-2a, two or three selected from A1 to A5 may be N, and the remaining group may be CR. i .

[0322] E-2b

[0323]

[0324] In formula E-2b, Cbz1 and Cbz2 can each be independently an unsubstituted carbazole group or a carbazole group substituted with aryl groups of 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. b It can be a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. “b” can be an integer selected from 0 to 10, and if (for example, when) “b” is an integer of 2 or greater, then multiple L… b Each can be an arylene with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroarylene with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted.

[0325] The compound represented by formula E-2a or E-2b may be any of the compounds selected from compound group E-2. However, the compounds shown in compound group E-2 are merely examples, and the compounds represented by formula E-2a or E-2b are not limited to those represented in compound group E-2.

[0326] Compound group E-2

[0327]

[0328]

[0329]

[0330] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer EML may further comprise materials that are very suitable in the art. For example, the emitter layer EML may comprise, as a host material, bis(4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl)diphenylsilane (BCPDS), (4-(1-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)cyclohexyl)phenyl)diphenylphosphine oxide (POPCPA), bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether oxide (DPEPO), 4,4′-bis(N-carbazole)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-bis(carbazole-9-yl)phenyl (mCP), 2,8-bis(diphenylphosphino)dibenzo[b,d]furan (PPF), 4,4′,4″-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), and 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) At least one of benzene (TPBi). However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3), 9,10-bis(naphthyl-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 2-tert-butyl-9,10-bis(naphthyl-2-yl)anthracene (TBADN), stilbene aromatic hydrocarbon (DSA), 4,4′-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2′-dimethylbiphenyl (CDBP), 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthyl-2-yl)anthracene (MADN), hexaphenylcyclotriphosphazene (CP1), 1,4-bis(triphenylsilyl)benzene (UGH2), hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane (DPSiO3) and / or octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane (DPSiO4) can be used as the host material.

[0331] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer EML may include a compound represented by the formula Ma. The compound represented by the formula Ma can be used as a phosphorescent dopant material.

[0332] Formula Ma

[0333]

[0334] In formula Ma, Y1 to Y4 and Z1 to Z4 may each be independently CR1 or N, and R1 to R4 may each be independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be independently combined with adjacent groups to form a ring. In formula Ma, "m" is 0 or 1, and "n" is 2 or 3. In formula Ma, if (for example, when) "m" is 0, then "n" is 3, and if (for example, when) "m" is 1, then "n" is 2.

[0335] Compounds represented by the formula Ma can be used as phosphorescent dopants.

[0336] The compound represented by formula Ma may be any one selected from compounds M-a1 to M-a25. However, compounds M-a1 to M-a25 are merely examples, and the compound represented by formula Ma is not limited to the compounds represented by compounds M-a1 to M-a25.

[0337]

[0338]

[0339]

[0340] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer EML may further comprise a compound represented by any one of formulas Fa to Fc. Compounds represented by formulas Fa to Fc can be used as fluorescent dopant materials or thermally activated delayed fluorescent dopant materials.

[0341] Formula Fa

[0342]

[0343] In the formula Fa, the formula is selected from R. a To R j The two in R can be independently replaced by *—NAr1Ar2. a To R j The remaining unsubstituted groups in *-NAr1Ar2 can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. In *--Ar1Ar2, Ar1 and Ar2 can each independently be substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, in one or more embodiments, at least one selected from Ar1 and Ar2 can be a heteroaryl including O or S as a cyclic atom.

[0344] Formula Fb

[0345]

[0346] In equation Fb, R a and R bEach of the Ar1 to Ar4 groups can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or can be independently combined with adjacent groups to form a ring. Each of the Ar1 to Ar4 groups can be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0347] In formula Fb, U and V can each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon cyclic group with 5 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. At least one selected from Ar1 to Ar4 can be a heteroaryl group including O or S as a cyclic atom.

[0348] In formula Fb, the number of rings represented by U and V can each be 0 or 1 independently. For example, in formula Fb, if (e.g., when) the number of U or V is 1, a ring forms part of a fused ring at the portion marked by U or V, and if (e.g., when) the number of U or V is 0, no ring exists at the portion marked by U or V. For example, if (e.g., when) the number of U is 0 and the number of V is 1, or if (e.g., when) the number of U is 1 and the number of V is 0, then the fused ring with a fluorene core in formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with four rings. In one or more embodiments, if (e.g., when) both the number of U and V (e.g., simultaneously) is 0, then the fused ring with a fluorene core in formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with three rings. In one or more embodiments, if (for example, when) the quantities of both U and V are (for example, simultaneously) 1, then the fused ring with a fluorene core of formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with five rings.

[0349] Formula Fc

[0350]

[0351] In equation Fc, A1 and A2 can each be independently O, S, Se, or NR. m And R m It can be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. R1 to R 11Each group may be independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted boron, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted thio, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or independently combined with adjacent groups to form a ring.

[0352] In formula Fc, A1 and A2 can each independently combine with substituents of adjacent rings to form fused rings. For example, if (e.g., when) A1 and A2 can each independently be NR m (When), A1 can combine with R4 or R5 to form a ring. Additionally, A2 can combine with R7 or R8 to form a ring.

[0353] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer (EML) may comprise, as a suitable dopant material, selected from styrene derivatives (e.g., 1,4-bis[2-(3-N-ethylcarbazolyl)vinyl]benzene (BCzVB), 4-(di-p-tolylamino)-4′-[(di-p-tolylamino)styrene]stilbe (DPAVB), N-(4-((E)-2-(6-((E)-4-(diphenylamino)styrene)naphthyl-2-yl) One or more of the following: (1,4′-vinyl)phenyl)-N-phenylaniline (N-BDAVBi) and 4,4′-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl (DPAVBi)), perylene and its derivatives (e.g., 2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butylperylene (TBP)) and / or pyrene and its derivatives (e.g., 1,1′-dipyrene, 1,4-dipyrenebenzene and 1,4-bis(N,N-diphenylamino)pyrene).

[0354] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer (EML) may include a suitable phosphorescent dopant material. For example, the phosphorescent dopant may be a metal composite comprising iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), or thulium (Tm). For example, in one or more embodiments, bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridinyl-N,C2′)pyridinecarboxyiridium(III) (FIrpic), bis(2,4-difluorophenylpyridinyl)tetra(1-pyrazolyl)boronate(III) (FIr6), or octaethylporphyrin platinum (PtOEP) may be used as the phosphorescent dopant. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0355] In one or more embodiments, the emission layer may include quantum dots.

[0356] In this disclosure, quantum dot refers to a crystal of a semiconductor compound. A quantum dot can emit light within one or more suitable emission wavelength ranges, depending on the size of the crystal. The emission of light within one or more suitable emission wavelength ranges can be achieved by controlling the elemental proportions in the quantum dot compound.

[0357] The diameter of the quantum dot can be, for example, from about 1 nm to about 10 nm. In this disclosure, when a quantum dot, multiple quantum dots, or quantum dot particles are spherical, "diameter" indicates the particle size or average particle size, and when the particles are non-spherical, "diameter" indicates the length of the major axis or the average length of the major axis. The diameter of the particle can be measured using a scanning electron microscope or a particle size analyzer. A particle size analyzer such as the HORIBA or LA-950 laser particle size analyzer can be used. When the particle size is measured using a particle size analyzer, the average particle size is referred to as D. 50 D 50 It refers to the average diameter of 50% by volume of particles in a particle size distribution (e.g., cumulative distribution), and refers to the value corresponding to 50% of the particle size starting from the smallest particle in a distribution curve that accumulates in the order from the smallest particle size to the largest particle size, when the total number of particles is 100%.

[0358] Quantum dots can be synthesized by chemical bath deposition, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), or similar processes.

[0359] Chemical bath deposition is a method of mixing an organic solvent with a quantum dot precursor material and then growing quantum dot particles into crystals. During the growth of the quantum dot particles, the organic solvent naturally acts as a dispersant coordinated on the surface of the quantum dot particles and can control the growth of the quantum dot particles. Accordingly, chemical bath deposition is more advantageous and beneficial when compared with vapor deposition methods including metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and / or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and the growth of quantum dot particles can be controlled or selected through a low-cost process.

[0360] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer (EML) may comprise a quantum dot material. The quantum dots may have a core / shell structure. The core of the quantum dots may be selected from group II-VI compounds, group III-VI compounds, group I-III-VI compounds, group III-V compounds, group III-II-V compounds, group IV-VI compounds, group II-IV-V compounds, group IV elements, group IV compounds, and / or one or more combinations thereof (e.g., any suitable combination).

[0361] Group II-VI compounds may be selected from the group consisting of: binary compounds selected from the group consisting of CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS and (e.g., any suitable) mixtures thereof; and compounds selected from the group consisting of CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe. The group II-VI compounds are ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS and (e.g., any suitable) mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of HgZnTeS, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe and (e.g., any suitable) mixtures thereof. In one or more embodiments, the group II-VI compounds may further comprise group I metals and / or group IV elements. Group I-II-VI compounds may be selected from CuSnS and CuZnS, and group II-IV-VI compounds may be selected from ZnSnS, etc. Group I-II-IV-VI compounds may be selected from the following: quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of Cu2ZnSnS2, Cu2ZnSnS4, Cu2ZnSnSe4, Ag2ZnSnS2 and (e.g., any suitable) mixtures thereof.

[0362] Group III-VI compounds may include binary compounds such as In2S3 and / or In2Se3, ternary compounds such as InGaS3 and / or InGaSe3, or combinations thereof (e.g., any suitable combination).

[0363] Group I-III-VI compounds may be selected from: ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2, AgGaS2, CuGaS2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2, AgAlO2 and mixtures thereof, and / or quaternary compounds such as AgInGaS2 and CuInGaS2.

[0364] Group III-V compounds may be selected from the group consisting of: binary compounds selected from the group consisting of GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InAlP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, and mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, and mixtures thereof (e.g., combinations thereof). In one or more embodiments, the Group III-V compounds may further comprise Group II metals. For example, InZnP and other compounds can be selected as group III-II-V compounds.

[0365] Group IV-VI compounds may be selected from the following groups: binary compounds selected from the group consisting of SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe and (e.g., any suitable) mixtures thereof; ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe and (e.g., any suitable) mixtures thereof (e.g., combinations thereof); and quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe and (e.g., any suitable) mixtures thereof.

[0366] Group II-IV-V compounds may be ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of ZnSnP, ZnSnP2, ZnSnAs2, ZnGeP2, ZnGeAs2, CdSnP2, CdGeP2 and (e.g., any suitable) mixtures thereof.

[0367] Group IV elements may be selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, and (e.g., any suitable) mixtures thereof. Group IV compounds may be binary compounds selected from the group consisting of SiC, SiGe, and (e.g., any suitable) mixtures thereof.

[0368] In multi-element compounds (such as binary, ternary, or quaternary compounds), each element may exist in a substantially homogeneous or non-homogeneous concentration within the particles. For example, the above formula indicates the type (species) of elements included in the compound, and the proportions of elements in the compound may vary. For instance, AgInGaS2 could indicate AgIn... x Ga 1-x S2(0 <x<1)。

[0369] In one or more embodiments, the binary, ternary, or quaternary compounds may be present in the particles at substantially uniform concentrations or may be present in the same particle with partially different concentration distributions. In one or more embodiments, a core / shell structure in which one quantum dot encloses another quantum dot is desirable. The interface between the core and shell may have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of the element present in the shell decreases toward the center of the core.

[0370] In one or more embodiments, the quantum dot may have the aforementioned core / shell structure, comprising a core containing nanocrystals and a shell enclosing the core. The shell of the quantum dot may serve as a protective layer to prevent or reduce chemical degradation of the core to maintain its semiconductor properties and / or as a charging layer to impart electrophoretic properties to the quantum dot. The shell may be single-layered or multi-layered. Examples of the shell of the quantum dot may include metal oxides or non-metal oxides, semiconductor compounds, and / or one or more (e.g., any suitable) combinations thereof.

[0371] For example, the metal oxide or non-metal oxide used for the shell may include binary compounds (such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4 and / or NiO) or ternary compounds (such as MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4 and / or CoMn2O4), but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0372] Furthermore, suitable semiconductor compounds as shells may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, and / or AlSb, but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0373] Quantum dots can have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of emission spectra of about 45 nm or smaller, about 40 nm or smaller, or about 30 nm or smaller. Within this range, the color purity or color reproducibility of quantum dots can be improved. In addition, light emitted by such quantum dots is emitted in all directions, and the optical viewing angle properties can be improved.

[0374] Furthermore, the shape of quantum dots can be any shape commonly used in the field, without specific limitations. For example, spherical nanoparticles, cone-shaped nanoparticles, multi-armed nanoparticles, cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, and / or nanoplates can be used.

[0375] By adjusting the size of the quantum dots or the elemental ratios in the quantum dot compound, the band gap of the quantum dots can be controlled or selected accordingly to obtain light of one or more suitable wavelengths from the quantum dot emitting layer. Therefore, by using the aforementioned quantum dots (using quantum dots of different sizes or quantum dots with different elemental ratios in the quantum dot compound), a light-emitting element that emits light of one or more suitable wavelengths can be obtained. For example, the size of the quantum dots or the elemental ratios in the quantum dot compound can be adjusted to make the quantum dots emit red, green, and / or blue light. In one or more embodiments, the quantum dots can be configured to emit white light by combining one or more suitable colors of light.

[0376] In the light-emitting element ED of the embodiment, such as Figures 3 to 6 As shown, the electron transport region (ETR) may be provided on the emitter layer (EML). The electron transport region (ETR) may include at least one of the hole blocking layer (HBL), the electron transport layer (ETL), and the electron injection layer (EIL). However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0377] The electronic transport region (ETR) can have a single-layer structure formed using a single material, a single-layer structure formed using multiple different materials, or a multi-layer structure formed using multiple different materials.

[0378] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region (ETR) may include a nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1. For example, the nitrogen-containing compound of one or more embodiments may be included in the contact emitter layer (EML) of the plurality of functional layers described above. For example, the nitrogen-containing compound of one or more embodiments may be included in the electron transport layer (ETL). However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. In addition to the electron transport layer (ETL), the nitrogen-containing compound of one or more embodiments may also be included in the hole blocking layer (HBL) or the electron injection layer (EIL). Regarding nitrogen-containing compounds, the explanation for nitrogen-containing compounds included in the emitter layer (EML) can be applied in substantially the same manner, so for the sake of brevity, a detailed explanation will not be provided.

[0379] Because the nitrogen-containing compounds of one or more embodiments have a structure in which the carbazole moiety and the first triazine moiety and the second triazine moiety, each substituted with at least one carbazole group, are linked to a phenyl linker, and the first triazine moiety and the second triazine moiety are respectively substituted in the ortho position relative to the carbon atom linked to the carbazole moiety, they can exhibit excellent or suitable electron transport properties and can obtain high lowest excited triplet energy levels.

[0380] Accordingly, one or more embodiments of the light-emitting element (ED) can achieve high efficiency and long lifetime by including one or more nitrogen-containing compounds of various embodiments in the electron transport layer (ETL). For example, one or more embodiments of the light-emitting element (ED) can achieve high efficiency and long lifetime by including one or more nitrogen-containing compounds of various embodiments in the electron transport layer (ETL). However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and multiple functional layers of the electron transport layer (ETL) can independently include one or more nitrogen-containing compounds of various embodiments without limitation.

[0381] The electronic transport region (ETR) can have a single-layer structure formed using a single material, a single-layer structure formed using multiple different materials, or a multi-layer structure formed using multiple different materials.

[0382] For example, in one or more embodiments, the electron transport region (ETR) may have a single-layer structure of an electron injection layer (EIL) or an electron transport layer (ETL), or a single-layer structure formed using an electron injection material and / or an electron transport material. Further, in one or more embodiments, the ETR may have a single-layer structure formed using multiple different materials, or a structure of electron transport layer (ETL) / electron injection layer (EIL), or hole blocking layer (HBL) / electron transport layer (ETL) / electron injection layer (EIL) stacked from the emitter layer (EML), without limitation. The thickness of the ETR may be, for example, approximately [missing information - likely a number]. to approximately At least one of the multiple layers selected from the electron transport region (ETR) may include a nitrogen-containing compound of one or more embodiments.

[0383] The electron transport region (ETR) may include one or more types (categories) of nitrogen-containing compounds represented by Formula 1. For example, in one or more embodiments, the ETR may include at least one nitrogen-containing compound selected from the compounds represented in compound group 1 above.

[0384] The electron transport region (ETR) can be formed using one or more suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Brookett (LB) method, inkjet printing, laser printing and / or laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI).

[0385] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region (ETR) may include a compound represented by the formula ET-2.

[0386] ET-2

[0387]

[0388] In formula ET-2, at least one selected from X1 to X3 may be N, and the remaining group is CR. a R a Ar1 to Ar3 can each be hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0389] In Formula ET-2, "a" through "c" can each be an integer selected from 0 to 10. In Formula ET-2, L1 through L3 can each be an arylene group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms that is directly connected, substituted, or unsubstituted, or a heteroarylene group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms that is substituted or unsubstituted. In one or more embodiments, if (for example, when) "a" through "c" are each an integer of 2 or greater, then the plurality of L1 to the plurality of L3 can each be an arylene group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms that is substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroarylene group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms that is substituted or unsubstituted.

[0390] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region (ETR) may include anthracene compounds. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the ETR may include, for example, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3), 1,3,5-tris[(3-pyridyl)-benzyl-3-yl]benzene, 2,4,6-tris(3′-(pyridyl-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4-(N-phenylbenzimidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-9,10-dinaphthylanthracene, 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl) Benzene (TPBi), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 4-(naphthyl-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), 2-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole ( tBu-PBD), bis(2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline-N1,O8)-(1,1′-biphenyl-4-hydroxy)aluminum (BAlq), bis(benzoquinoline-10-hydroxy)beryllium (Bebq2), 9,10-bis(naphthyl-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 1,3-bis[3,5-bis(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]benzene (BmPyPhB), CNNPTRZ(4'-(4-(4-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl)naphthyl-1-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-nitrile) and / or mixtures thereof (e.g., any suitable) without limitation.

[0391] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region (ETR) may include any of the compounds selected from compound group 2.

[0392] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region (ETR) may include at least one selected from compounds ET1 to ET38.

[0393]

[0394]

[0395]

[0396]

[0397] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region (ETR) may include metal halides (such as LiF, NaCl, CsF, RbCl, RbI, CuI, and / or KI), lanthanides (such as Yb), or co-deposited materials of metal halides and lanthanides. For example, in one or more embodiments, the ETR may include KI:Yb, RbI:Yb, and / or LiF:Yb as co-deposited materials. In one or more embodiments, the ETR may use metal oxides (such as Li₂O and / or BaO) or lithium 8-hydroxyquinoline (Liq). However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. The ETR may also be formed using a mixture of electron transport materials and insulating organometallic salts. The insulating organometallic salt may be a material having a band gap of about 4 eV or greater. For example, the insulating organometallic salt may include, for example, one or more (e.g., at least one) of metal acetates, metal benzoates, metal acetoacetates, metal acetylacetonates, and metal stearates.

[0398] In one or more embodiments, in addition to the aforementioned one or more materials, the electron transport region (ETR) may include at least one of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), diphenyl(4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (TSPO1), and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen). However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0399] The electron transport region (ETR) may be a compound comprising one or more electron transport regions (ETRs) selected from at least one of the electron injection layer (EIL), electron transport layer (ETL), and hole blocking layer (HBL).

[0400] If (for example, when) the electron transport region ETR includes the electron transport layer ETL, then the thickness of the electron transport layer ETL can be approximately to approximately For example, about to approximately If, for example, the thickness of the electron transport layer ETL meets the above-mentioned range, satisfactory electron transport properties can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage. If, for example, the electron transport region ETR includes an electron injection layer EIL, the thickness of the electron injection layer EIL can be approximately [missing information]. to approximately or about to approximately If (for example, when) the thickness of the electron injection layer EIL meets the above range, satisfactory electron injection properties can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0401] The second electrode EL2 may be provided on the electron transport region ETR. The second electrode EL2 may be a common electrode. The second electrode EL2 may be a cathode or an anode, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, if (e.g., when)

[0402] If the first electrode EL1 is the anode, then the second electrode EL2 can be the cathode, and if (for example, when) the first electrode EL1 is the cathode, then the second electrode EL2 can be the anode.

[0403] The second electrode EL2 can be a transmission electrode, a transmission-reflection electrode, or a reflection electrode. If (for example, when) the second electrode EL2 is a transmission electrode, then the second electrode EL2 may include a transparent metal oxide, such as ITO, IZO, ZnO, and / or ITZO.

[0404] If (for example, when) the second electrode EL2 is a transmissive or reflective electrode, then the second electrode EL2 may comprise at least one selected from Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, Yb, and W, their (e.g., any suitable) compounds, or (e.g., any suitable) mixtures thereof (e.g., AgMg, AgYb, or MgYb), or multilayer materials such as LiF / Ca or LiF / Al. In one or more embodiments, the second electrode EL2 may have a multilayer structure comprising a reflective or transmissive layer formed using one or more of the aforementioned materials and a transparent conductive layer formed using ITO, IZO, ZnO, and / or ITZO, etc. For example, in one or more embodiments, the second electrode EL2 may comprise one of the aforementioned metallic materials, a combination of two or more of the aforementioned metallic materials (e.g., any suitable), or an oxide of the aforementioned metallic materials.

[0405] In one or more embodiments, the second electrode EL2 may be connected to an auxiliary electrode. If (for example, when) the second electrode EL2 is connected to the auxiliary electrode, the resistance of the second electrode EL2 may be reduced.

[0406] In one or more embodiments, a capping layer CPL may be further disposed on the second electrode EL2 in the light-emitting element ED. The capping layer CPL may include multiple layers or a single layer.

[0407] In one or more embodiments, the capping layer CPL may be an organic layer or an inorganic layer. For example, if (e.g., when) the capping layer CPL comprises an inorganic material, the inorganic material may include alkali metal compounds (such as LiF), alkaline earth metal compounds (such as MgF2), SiON, SiN. x and / or SiO y wait.

[0408] In one or more embodiments, if (for example, when) the capping layer CPL comprises an organic material, the organic material may include 2,2′-dimethyl-N,N′-bis[(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl]-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (α-NPD), NPB, TPD, m-MTDATA, Alq3, CuPc, N4,N4,N4′,N4′-tetra(biphenyl-4-yl)biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (TPD15) and / or 4,4′,4″-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), or may include epoxy resins or acrylate resins (such as poly(methacrylate)). In one or more embodiments, the capping layer CPL may include at least one selected from compounds P1 to P5, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0409]

[0410] In one or more embodiments, the refractive index of the capping layer CPL may be about 1.6 or greater. For example, in one or more embodiments, the refractive index of the capping layer CPL relative to light in the wavelength range of about 550 nm to about 660 nm may be about 1.6 or greater.

[0411] In a light-emitting element (ED), depending on the voltage applied to each of the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2, holes injected from the first electrode EL1 can move to the emitter layer EML via the hole transport region HTR, and electrons injected from the second electrode EL2 can move to the emitter layer EML via the electron transport region ETR. Electrons and holes recombine in the emitter layer EML to generate excitons, which then generate and emit light through transitions from the excited state to the ground state.

[0412] The nitrogen-containing compound according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure has a structure in which a carbazole moiety and a first triazine moiety and a second triazine moiety, each substituted with at least one carbazole group, are linked to a phenyl linker, and the first triazine moiety and the second triazine moiety are respectively substituted in an ortho position relative to the carbon atom linked to the carbazole moiety, and may have excellent or suitable electron transport properties and a high lowest excited triplet level (T1 level).

[0413] One or more embodiments of the nitrogen-containing compound may have a high lowest excited triplet level (T1 level) of about 2.8 eV or higher. Accordingly, one or more embodiments of the light-emitting element (ED) can emit blue phosphorescence or blue thermally activated delayed light by using one or more embodiments of the nitrogen-containing compound as the host in the emitter layer (EML). Additionally, one or more embodiments of the nitrogen-containing compound exhibit high electron mobility and, if (e.g., when) included in the electron transport region (ETR) of the light-emitting element (ED), can demonstrate excellent or suitable electron transport properties. Accordingly, one or more embodiments of the light-emitting element (ED) can have high efficiency and long lifetime characteristics.

[0414] Figures 7 to 10 Each of these is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. (Referring to...) Figures 7 to 10 In the explanation of the display device of the embodiment, the explanation will no longer be related to the description of the display device. Figures 1 to 6 The explanation will repeat the parts, and will only explain the main different features.

[0415] refer to Figure 7The display device DD-a according to one or more embodiments may include a display panel DP comprising a display device layer DP-ED, a light control layer CCL disposed on the display panel DP, and a color filter layer CFL. In such... Figure 7 In one or more embodiments shown, the display panel DP may include a substrate layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the substrate layer BS, and a display device layer DP-ED, and the display device layer DP-ED may include a light-emitting element ED.

[0416] A light-emitting element (ED) may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR disposed on the first electrode EL1, an emitter layer EML disposed on the hole transport region HTR, an electron transport region ETR disposed on the emitter layer EML, and a second electrode EL2 disposed on the electron transport region ETR. In one or more embodiments, with Figures 3 to 6 Any of the same structures of the light-emitting elements (EDs) can be applied to Figure 7 The structure of the light-emitting element ED is shown in the figure.

[0417] The emitting layer (EML) of the light-emitting element (ED) included in the display device DD-a according to one or more embodiments may include the nitrogen-containing compound described in one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region (ETR) of the light-emitting element (ED) included in the display device DD-a according to one or more embodiments may include the nitrogen-containing compound described in one or more embodiments.

[0418] refer to Figure 7 The emitting layer EML can be disposed within an opening OH defined by the pixel defining layer PDL. For example, the emitting layer EML, divided by the pixel defining layer PDL and correspondingly provided to each of the light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, can emit light in substantially the same wavelength range. In the display device DD-a of one or more embodiments, the emitting layer EML can emit blue light. In one or more embodiments, the emitting layer EML can be provided as a common layer for all light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B.

[0419] A light control layer (CCL) can be disposed on a display panel (DP). The light control layer (CCL) may include a light converter. The light converter may be a quantum dot or a phosphor. The light converter can convert the wavelength of the supplied light and then emit the converted light. For example, the light control layer (CCL) may be a layer containing quantum dots or a layer containing phosphors.

[0420] The optical control layer (CCL) may include multiple optical control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. The optical control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 may be separate from each other.

[0421] refer to Figure 7The separating pattern BMP can be arranged between the separate light control sections CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. Figure 7 In the diagram, the separator pattern BMP is shown as not overlapping with the light control portions CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. However, in one or more embodiments, at least a portion of the edges of the light control portions CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 may overlap with the separator pattern BMP.

[0422] The light control layer CCL may include: a first light control portion CCP1, which includes a first quantum dot QD1 that converts first-color light provided by the light-emitting element ED into second-color light; a second light control portion CCP2, which includes a second quantum dot QD2 that converts the first-color light into third-color light; and a third light control portion CCP3 that transmits the first-color light. In one or more embodiments, the first light control portion CCP1 can provide red light as the second-color light, and the second light control portion CCP2 can provide green light as the third-color light. The third light control portion CCP3 can transmit and provide blue light provided by the light-emitting element ED as the first-color light. For example, in one or more embodiments, the first quantum dot QD1 may be a red quantum dot to emit red light, and the second quantum dot QD2 may be a green quantum dot to emit green light. The same content as described above regarding quantum dots QD1 and QD2 applies.

[0423] In one or more embodiments, the light control layer CCL may further include a scatterer SP. The first light control portion CCP1 may include a first quantum dot QD1 and a scatterer SP, the second light control portion CCP2 may include a second quantum dot QD2 and a scatterer SP, and the third light control portion CCP3 may not include (e.g., exclude any) quantum dots but may include the scatterer SP.

[0424] The scatterer SP can be inorganic particles. For example, the scatterer SP may include at least one selected from TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow silica. In one or more embodiments, the scatterer SP may include one selected from TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow silica, or may be a mixture of two or more materials selected from TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow silica.

[0425] The first light control section CCP1, the second light control section CCP2, and the third light control section CCP3 may each include base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 in which quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and scatterers SP are respectively dispersed. In one or more embodiments, the first light control section CCP1 may include the first quantum dot QD1 and the scatterer SP dispersed in the first base resin BR1, the second light control section CCP2 may include the second quantum dot QD2 and the scatterer SP dispersed in the second base resin BR2, and the third light control section CCP3 may include the scatterer SP dispersed in the third base resin BR3.

[0426] The base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 are media in which quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and scatterers SP are respectively dispersed, and each may be composed of one or more suitable resin compositions, generally referred to as binders. For example, the base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 may each be independently an acrylic resin, a urethane resin, a silicone resin, and / or an epoxy resin, etc. The base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 may each be a transparent resin. In one or more embodiments, the first base resin BR1, the second base resin BR2, and the third base resin BR3 may be the same as or different from each other.

[0427] In one or more embodiments, the light control layer CCL may include an insulating layer BFL1. The insulating layer BFL1 serves to block the penetration of moisture and / or oxygen (hereinafter referred to as "moisture / oxygen"). The insulating layer BFL1 prevents the light control portions CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 from being exposed to moisture / oxygen. In one or more embodiments, the insulating layer BFL1 may cover the light control portions CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. In one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL, which will be explained later, may include the insulating layer BFL2 disposed on the light control portions CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3.

[0428] Isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may each include at least one inorganic layer. For example, in one or more embodiments, isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may each be formed by including an inorganic material. For example, isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may each be independently formed by including silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, silicon oxynitride, or a metal thin film that ensures light transmittance. In one or more embodiments, isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may each further independently include an organic layer. Isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may each independently consist of a single layer or multiple layers.

[0429] In one or more embodiments of the display device DD-a, the color filter layer CFL may be disposed on the light control layer CCL. For example, in one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL may be disposed directly on the light control layer CCL. In these embodiments, the isolation layer BFL2 may not be provided.

[0430] The color filter layer (CFL) may include filters CF1, CF2, and CF3. The first to third filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may be arranged to correspond to the red emitting areas PXA-R, the green emitting areas PXA-G, and the blue emitting areas PXA-B, respectively.

[0431] The color filter layer CFL may include a first filter CF1 configured to transmit a second color of light, a second filter CF2 configured to transmit a third color of light, and a third filter CF3 configured to transmit the first color of light. For example, in one or more embodiments, the first filter CF1 may be a red filter, the second filter CF2 may be a green filter, and the third filter CF3 may be a blue filter. Each of the filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may include a polymeric photosensitive resin and pigments and / or dyes. For example, the first filter CF1 may include red pigments and / or red dyes, the second filter CF2 may include green pigments and / or green dyes, and the third filter CF3 may include blue pigments and / or blue dyes.

[0432] The embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto. For example, the third filter CF3 may not include (e.g., may exclude) any pigments or dyes. The third filter CF3 may include a polymeric photosensitive resin but not include (e.g., any) pigments or dyes. The third filter CF3 may be transparent. The third filter CF3 may be formed using a transparent photosensitive resin.

[0433] In one or more embodiments, the first filter CF1 and the second filter CF2 may each be a yellow filter. The first filter CF1 and the second filter CF2 may be provided as a single unit without distinction.

[0434] In one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL may further include a light-blocking portion. The light-blocking portion may be a black matrix. The light-blocking portion may be formed by comprising organic light-blocking materials and / or inorganic light-blocking materials, each containing a black pigment and / or a black dye. The light-blocking portion can prevent or reduce light leakage and delineate adjacent filters CF1, CF2, and CF3.

[0435] A substrate BL may be disposed on the color filter layer CFL. The substrate BL may be a component providing a substrate surface, on which the color filter layer CFL and / or light control layer CCL are disposed. The substrate BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the substrate BL may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. In one or more embodiments, the substrate BL may not be provided.

[0436] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view illustrating a portion of a display device according to one or more embodiments. In the display device DD-TD according to one or more embodiments, the light-emitting element ED-BT may include a plurality of light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3. The light-emitting element ED-BT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 arranged opposite to each other, and a plurality of light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 sequentially stacked in the thickness direction and provided between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. Each of the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may include an emissive layer EML (Emitting Layer). Figure 7 ), and the hole transport region HTR (with an emitter layer EML) arranged therebetween. Figure 7 ) and Electronic Transfer Zone (ETR) Figure 7 ).

[0437] For example, the light-emitting element ED-BT included in the display device DD-TD of one or more embodiments may be a light-emitting element with a series structure including multiple emission layers EML.

[0438] exist Figure 8 In one or more embodiments shown, the light emitted from the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may all be blue light. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to this. For example, in one or more embodiments, the wavelength regions of the light emitted from the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may be different from each other. For example, in one or more embodiments, a light-emitting element ED-BT comprising multiple light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3, each emitting light in a different wavelength region, may emit white light (e.g., combined white light).

[0439] Between adjacent light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3, charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 may be arranged respectively. Charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 may respectively include a p-type (category) charge (e.g., P-charge) generation layer and / or an n-type (category) charge (e.g., N-charge) generation layer.

[0440] In one or more embodiments of the display device DD-TD, at least one of the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may include a nitrogen-containing compound of one or more embodiments. For example, at least one of the plurality of emitting layers included in the light-emitting element ED-BT may include a nitrogen-containing compound of one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region (ETR) included in the light-emitting element ED-BT may include a nitrogen-containing compound of one or more embodiments.

[0441] Figure 9 A cross-sectional view is shown for illustrating a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 10 A cross-sectional view is shown for illustrating a display device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0442] refer to Figure 9 The display device DD-b according to one or more embodiments may include light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, each formed by stacking two emitting layers. Figure 2 Compared to the display device DD shown in the figure, Figure 9 The difference in the display device DD-b shown is that the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 each include two emitting layers stacked in the thickness direction. In each of the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3, the two emitting layers can emit light in substantially the same wavelength range.

[0443] In one or more embodiments, the first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first red emitting layer EML-R1 and a second red emitting layer EML-R2. The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first green emitting layer EML-G1 and a second green emitting layer EML-G2. Additionally, the third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first blue emitting layer EML-B1 and a second blue emitting layer EML-B2. An emission auxiliary portion OG may be disposed between the first red emitting layer EML-R1 and the second red emitting layer EML-R2, between the first green emitting layer EML-G1 and the second green emitting layer EML-G2, and between the first blue emitting layer EML-B1 and the second blue emitting layer EML-B2.

[0444] The emission assist portion OG may comprise a single layer or multiple layers. The emission assist portion OG may include a charge generation layer. In one or more embodiments, the emission assist portion OG may include electron transport regions (not shown), charge generation layers (not shown), and hole transport regions (not shown) stacked sequentially (e.g., in the order described). The emission assist portion OG may be provided as a common layer spanning all the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the emission assist portion OG may be patterned and provided within an opening OH defined by a pixel-defined layer PDL.

[0445] The first red emitter layer EML-R1, the first green emitter layer EML-G1, and the first blue emitter layer EML-B1 can each be arranged between the electron transport region (ETR) and the transmit auxiliary region (OG). The second red emitter layer EML-R2, the second green emitter layer EML-G2, and the second blue emitter layer EML-B2 can each be arranged between the transmit auxiliary region (OG) and the hole transport region (HTR).

[0446] For example, in one or more embodiments, the first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second red emitting layer EML-R2, an emission assist portion OG, the first red emitting layer EML-R1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in sequence (e.g., in the order described). The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second green emitting layer EML-G2, an emission assist portion OG, a first green emitting layer EML-G1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in sequence (e.g., in the order described). The third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second blue emitting layer EML-B2, an emission assist portion OG, a first blue emitting layer EML-B1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in sequence (e.g., in the order described).

[0447] In one or more embodiments, an optical auxiliary layer PL may be disposed on the display device layer DP-ED. The optical auxiliary layer PL may include a polarizing layer. The optical auxiliary layer PL may be disposed on the display panel DP and may control the reflected light of external light at the display panel DP. In one or more embodiments, the display device DD-b may not provide an optical auxiliary layer PL.

[0448] exist Figure 9The display device DD-b, as shown in one or more embodiments, may include at least one emitting layer containing a nitrogen-containing compound as described in one or more embodiments. For example, in one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the first blue emitting layer EML-B1 and the second blue emitting layer EML-B2 may include a nitrogen-containing compound as described in one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region (ETR) included in the display device DD-b may include a nitrogen-containing compound as described in one or more embodiments.

[0449] and Figure 8 and Figure 9 different, Figure 10 The display device DD-c shown includes four light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1. The light-emitting element ED-CT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 arranged opposite each other, and first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 stacked in the thickness direction between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. A third light-emitting structure OL-B3, a second light-emitting structure OL-B2, a first light-emitting structure OL-B1, and a fourth light-emitting structure OL-C1 are stacked sequentially in the thickness direction (e.g., in the order described). Charge-generating layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 may be separately arranged between the first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1. For example, the first charge-generating layer CGL1 is arranged between the first light-emitting structure OL-B1 and the fourth light-emitting structure OL-C1. The second charge-generating layer CGL2 is arranged between the first light-emitting structure OL-B1 and the second light-emitting structure OL-B2. The third charge generation layer CGL3 is arranged between the second light-emitting structure OL-B2 and the third light-emitting structure OL-B3.

[0450] In one or more embodiments, of the four light-emitting structures, the first to third light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 can emit blue light, and the fourth light-emitting structure OL-C1 can emit green light. However, the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 can (respectively) emit light in different wavelength ranges.

[0451] Charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 may be arranged between adjacent light-emitting structures OL-C1, OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3. Each charge generation layer CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 may each include a p-type (category) charge (e.g., P-charge) generation layer and / or an n-type (category) charge (e.g., N-charge) generation layer.

[0452] In the display device DD-c selected from one or more embodiments, at least one of the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 may include a nitrogen-containing compound of one or more embodiments. For example, in one or more embodiments, at least one of the first to third light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may include a nitrogen-containing compound of one or more embodiments.

[0453] A light-emitting element (ED) according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure may include a nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 of one or more embodiments in at least one functional layer disposed between a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2, thereby exhibiting superior or appropriate emission efficiency and improved lifetime characteristics. For example, a nitrogen-containing compound according to one or more embodiments may be included in the emission layer EML of the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments, and the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may exhibit high emission efficiency and long lifetime characteristics.

[0454] In one or more embodiments, the electronic device may include a display device comprising a plurality of light-emitting elements and a control portion for controlling the display device. The electronic device of one or more embodiments may be a device activated by an electrical signal. The electronic device may include a display device of one or more suitable embodiments. For example, examples of the electronic device may include one or more selected from large display devices (such as televisions, monitors, and billboards) and medium and small display devices (such as personal computers, laptops, personal digital terminals, automotive displays, game consoles, portable electronic devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, cameras, mobile phones, smartphones, tablet computers, mobile communication terminals, e-notebooks, e-book readers, portable multimedia players (PMPs), navigation devices, ultra-mobile personal computers (UMPCs), smartwatches, watch phones, and head-mounted displays (HMDs) for implementing virtual reality and / or augmented reality).

[0455] Figure 11 A diagram illustrating an automotive AM in which first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 are arranged. At least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may include, as referenced... Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figures 7 to 10 The implementation methods described herein use the same configuration of one of the display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c.

[0456] exist Figure 11In this illustration, the vehicle is shown as an automobile AM, but this is merely an example. For instance, the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may be mounted on other transportation equipment (such as one or more selected from bicycles, motorcycles, trains, boats, and airplanes). Additionally, at least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4, in the same configuration as display devices DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c, may be incorporated into personal computers, laptops, personal digital terminals, game consoles, portable electronic devices, televisions, monitors, and / or external billboards, etc. These are presented by way of example only, and display devices may be incorporated into other electronic devices without departing from this disclosure.

[0457] In one or more embodiments, at least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may include, as referenced Figures 3 to 6 The light-emitting element (ED) of one or more embodiments described. The light-emitting element (ED) of one or more embodiments may include nitrogen-containing compounds of one or more embodiments. At least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3 and DD-4 may include a light-emitting element (ED) comprising a nitrogen-containing compound of one or more embodiments, thereby improving display lifespan.

[0458] refer to Figure 11 The vehicle's AM (Automotive Interior Control) system may include a steering wheel (HA) and a gearshift lever (GR) for operating the AM system. Additionally, the vehicle's AM system may include a windshield (GL) arranged to face the driver.

[0459] The first display device DD-1 may be arranged in a first area overlapping with the steering wheel HA. For example, the first display device DD-1 may be a digital instrument panel displaying first information about the vehicle's engine speed (AM). The first information may include a first scale showing the vehicle's driving speed, a second scale showing the engine's rotational speed (i.e., revolutions per minute (RPM)), and an image showing the fuel status. The first and second scales may each be represented by a digital image.

[0460] The second display device DD-2 may be arranged in a second area opposite to (e.g., facing the driver's seat) and overlapping with the windshield GL. The driver's seat may be a seat in which the steering wheel HA faces. For example, the second display device DD-2 may be a head-up display (HUD) showing second information about the vehicle's AM. The second display device DD-2 may be optically transparent. The second information may include a digital value showing the vehicle's AM speed and may further include information including the current time. In one or more embodiments, the second information of the second display device DD-2 may be projected and displayed on the windshield GL.

[0461] The third display device DD-3 may be arranged in a third zone adjacent to the gear shift lever GR. For example, the third display device DD-3 may be a center information display (CID) for automobiles, arranged between the driver's seat and the passenger seat, and displaying third information. The passenger seat may be a separate seat from the driver's seat, and the gear shift lever GR is located between the passenger seat and the driver's seat. The third information may include information about road conditions (e.g., navigation information), information about playing music or radio broadcasts, information about playing moving images (or pictures), and / or information about the temperature inside the vehicle's AM (Automotive Information Center), etc.

[0462] The fourth display device DD-4 can be arranged in a fourth zone, separate from the steering wheel HA and gear shift lever GR, and adjacent to the side of the vehicle AM. For example, the fourth display device DD-4 can be a digital rearview mirror displaying fourth information. The fourth display device DD-4 can display an external image of the vehicle AM ​​taken by a camera module CM arranged on the outside of the vehicle AM. The fourth information may include the external image of the vehicle AM.

[0463] The first to fourth information described above is for illustrative purposes, and the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 can further display information about the inner and outer sides of the vehicle's AM. The first to fourth information may include information that is different from each other. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and a portion of the first to fourth information may include information that is the same as each other.

[0464] The nitrogen-containing compounds and light-emitting elements according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to examples and comparative examples. Furthermore, the following examples are merely illustrative to aid in understanding the present disclosure, and the scope of the disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0465] Example

[0466] 1. Synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds

[0467] First, the synthesis methods of nitrogen-containing compounds according to one or more embodiments will be explained when describing the synthesis methods of compounds 1, 2, 13, 16, 21, 22, and 28. Furthermore, the synthesis methods of nitrogen-containing compounds explained below are illustrative embodiments, and the synthesis methods of nitrogen-containing compounds according to one or more embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to the examples.

[0468] (1) Synthesis of Compound 1

[0469] Compound 1 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized, for example, by the reaction scheme described below.

[0470]

[0471] Synthesis of intermediate 1-1

[0472] 1,3-Dibromo-2-fluorobenzene (20 g, 78.77 mmol), bis(pinacolyl)diboron (80 g, 315 mmol), potassium acetate (KOAc) (46.38 g, 472.6 mmol), and [1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) dichloride (Pd(dppf)Cl2) (4.42 g, 6.30 mmol) were dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (300 mL) and stirred at approximately 80 °C for approximately 12 hours. After the reaction was complete, the reaction solution was extracted, and the resulting organic layer was dried. After purification of the residual material, intermediate 1-1 (16 g, yield: 58%) was obtained. Intermediate 1-1 (C) was identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). 18 H 27 B2FO4: M+1 348.21).

[0473] Synthesis of intermediates 1-2

[0474] 2,4-Dichloro-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (20 g, 88.47 mmol), 9H-carbazole (14.8 g, 88.47 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (2.04 g, 1.76 mmol), and 2M K2CO3 aqueous solution (100 mL) were dissolved in toluene (300 mL) and stirred at approximately 90 °C for approximately 12 hours. After the reaction was complete, the reaction solution was extracted, and the resulting organic layer was dried. After purification of the residual material, intermediate 1-2 (15 g, yield: 48%) was obtained. Intermediate 1-2 (C) was identified by LC-MS. 21 H 13 ClN4: M+1 356.08).

[0475] Synthesis of intermediates 1-3

[0476] Intermediate 1-1 (7 g, 20.11 mmol), intermediate 1-2 (14.35 g, 40.22 mmol), Pd(PPh3)4 (1.16 g, 1.00 mmol), and 2 M K2CO3 aqueous solution (50 mL) were dissolved in xylene (150 mL) and stirred at approximately 130 °C for approximately 12 hours. After the reaction was complete, the reaction solution was extracted, and the resulting organic layer was dried. After purification of the residual material, intermediate 1-3 (5 g, yield 34%) was obtained. Intermediate 1-3 (C) was identified by LC-MS. 48 H 29 FN8: M+1 736.25).

[0477] Synthesis of Compound 1

[0478] Intermediate 1-3 (5 g, 6.78 mmol), 9H-carbazole (2.3 g, 13.52 mmol), and K3PO4 (5.75 g, 27.14 mmol) were dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) (150 mL) and stirred at approximately 160 °C for approximately 12 hours. After the reaction was complete, the reaction solution was extracted, and the resulting organic layer was dried. After purification of the residual material, compound 1 (2 g, 33% yield) was obtained. Compound 1 (C) was identified by LC-MS. 60 H 37 N9: M+1 883.32).

[0479] (2) Synthesis of Compound 2

[0480] Compound 2 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized according to, for example, the reaction scheme described below.

[0481]

[0482] Synthesis of intermediate 2-1

[0483] Intermediate 2-1 was synthesized using a method substantially the same as that used for intermediates 1-3, except that 9,9'-(6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(9H-carbazole) (CAS No. = 877615-05-9) was used instead of intermediates 1-2. The M+1 peak (C1) of intermediate 2-1 was confirmed by LC-MS. 60 H 35 FN 10 :M+1 914.30).

[0484] Synthesis of Compound 2

[0485] Compound 2 was synthesized using a method substantially the same as that used for compound 1, except that intermediate 2-1 was used instead of intermediate 1-3. 1.5 g (yield: 32%) of compound 2 was obtained. Compound 2 was identified by LC-MS (C1...). 72 H 43 N 11 :M+1 1061.37).

[0486] (3) Synthesis of compound 13

[0487] Compound 13 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized according to, for example, the reaction scheme described below.

[0488]

[0489] Synthesis of intermediate 13-1

[0490] 3-Bromo-9H-carbazole (25 g, 101.58 mmol), bis(pinacol)diboron (51.6 g, 203.16 mmol), KOAc (39.9 g, 406.3 mmol), and Pd(dppf)Cl2 (7.13 g, 10.15 mmol) were dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (500 mL) and stirred at approximately 110 °C for approximately 12 hours. After the reaction was complete, the reaction solution was extracted, and the resulting organic layer was dried. After purification of the residual material, intermediate 13-1 (17 g, 57% yield) was obtained. Intermediate 13-1 was identified by LC-MS. 18 H 20 BNO2: M+1293.16).

[0491] Synthesis of intermediate 13-2

[0492] Intermediate 13-2 was synthesized using a method substantially the same as that used for intermediates 1-3, except that intermediate 1-1 was used instead of intermediate 1-1 and 2-chloro-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (CAS No. = 3842-55-5) was used instead of intermediate 1-2. The M+1 peak (C1) of intermediate 13-2 was confirmed by LC-MS. 27 H 18 N4: M+1 398.15).

[0493] Synthesis of Compound 13

[0494] Compound 13 was synthesized using a method substantially the same as that used for compound 1, except that intermediate 13-2 was used instead of 9H-carbazole. 3.0 g (yield: 40%) of compound 13 was obtained. Compound 13 was identified by LC-MS (C1...). 75 H 46 N 12 :M+1 1114.40).

[0495] (4) Synthesis of compound 16

[0496] Compound 16 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized according to, for example, the reaction scheme described below.

[0497]

[0498] Synthesis of intermediate 16-1

[0499] Intermediate 16-1 was synthesized using a method substantially the same as that used for intermediate 13-1, except that 3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazole was used instead of 3-bromo-9H-carbazole. The M+1 peak (C1) of intermediate 16-1 was confirmed by LC-MS. 24 H31 B2NO4: M+1 419.24).

[0500] Synthesis of intermediate 16-2

[0501] Intermediate 16-2 was synthesized using a method substantially the same as that used for intermediate 13-2, except that intermediate 16-1 was used instead of intermediate 13-1 and bromobenzene was used instead of 2-chloro-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine. The M+1 peak (C1) of intermediate 16-2 was confirmed by LC-MS. 24 H 17 N:M+1 319.14).

[0502] Synthesis of Compound 16

[0503] Compound 16 was synthesized using a method substantially the same as that used for compound 1, except that intermediate 16-2 was used instead of 9H-carbazole. 4.1 g (yield: 53%) of compound 16 was obtained. Compound 16 was identified by LC-MS (C1...). 72 H 45 N9: M+1 1035.38).

[0504] (5) Synthesis of compound 21

[0505] Compound 21 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized according to, for example, the reaction scheme described below.

[0506]

[0507] Synthesis of intermediate 21-1

[0508] Intermediate 21-1 was synthesized using a method substantially the same as that used for intermediates 1-3, except that 3-bromo-9H-carbazole was used instead of intermediate 1-1 and phenylboronic acid was used instead of intermediate 1-2. The M+1 peak (C1) of intermediate 21-1 was confirmed by LC-MS. 18 H 13 N:M+1 243.10).

[0509] Synthesis of intermediate 21-2

[0510] Intermediate 21-2 was synthesized using a method substantially the same as that used for intermediates 1-2, except that intermediate 21-1 was used instead of 9H-carbazole. The M+1 peak (C1) of intermediate 21-2 was confirmed by LC-MS. 27 H 17 ClN4: M+1432.11).

[0511] Synthesis of intermediate 21-3

[0512] Intermediate 21-3 was synthesized using a method substantially the same as that used for intermediates 1-3, except that intermediate 21-2 was used instead of intermediate 1-2. The M+1 peak (C1) of intermediate 21-3 was confirmed using LC-MS. 60 H 37 FN8: M+1888.31).

[0513] Synthesis of Compound 21

[0514] Compound 21 was synthesized using a method substantially the same as that used for compound 1, except that intermediate 21-3 was used instead of intermediate 1-3. 2.7 g (yield: 46%) of compound 21 was obtained. Compound 21 was identified by LC-MS (C1...). 72 H 45 N9: M+1 1035.38).

[0515] (6) Synthesis of compound 22

[0516] Compound 22 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized according to, for example, the reaction scheme described below.

[0517]

[0518] Synthesis of intermediate 22-1

[0519] Intermediate 22-1 was synthesized using a method substantially identical to that used for intermediate 21-2, except that 2,4-dichloro-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (CAS No. = 10202-45-6) was used instead of 2,4-dichloro-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine. The M+1 peak (C1) of intermediate 22-1 was confirmed by LC-MS. 33 H 21 ClN4: M+1 508.15).

[0520] Synthesis of intermediate 22-2

[0521] Intermediate 22-2 was synthesized using a method substantially the same as that used for intermediates 1-3, except that intermediate 22-1 was used instead of intermediates 1-2. The M+1 peak (C1) of intermediate 22-2 was confirmed by LC-MS. 72 H 45 FN8: M+11040.38).

[0522] Synthesis of Compound 22

[0523] Compound 22 was synthesized using a method substantially the same as that used for compound 1, except that intermediate 22-2 was used instead of intermediates 1-3. 1.5 g (yield: 26%) of compound 22 was obtained. Compound 22 was identified by LC-MS (C1...). 84 H 53 N9: M+1 1187.44).

[0524] (7) Synthesis of compound 28

[0525] Compound 28 according to one or more embodiments can be synthesized according to, for example, the reaction scheme described below.

[0526]

[0527] Synthesis of intermediate 28-1

[0528] Intermediate 28-1 was synthesized using a method substantially identical to that used for intermediates 1-3, except that 9,9'-(6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl)bis(9H-carbazole) (CAS No. = 877615-05-9) was used instead of intermediates 1-2. The M+1 peak (C1) of intermediate 28-1 was confirmed by LC-MS. 39 H 31 BFN5O2: M+1 631.26).

[0529] Synthesis of intermediate 28-2

[0530] Intermediate 28-2 was synthesized using a method substantially identical to that used for intermediate 1-1, except that (3-bromophenyl)triphenylsilane (CAS No. = 185626-73-7) was used instead of 1,3-dibromo-2-fluorobenzene. The M+1 peak (C1) of intermediate 28-2 was confirmed by LC-MS. 30 H 31 BO2Si:M+1 462.22).

[0531] Synthesis of intermediate 28-3

[0532] Intermediate 28-3 was synthesized using a method substantially identical to that used for intermediates 1-3, except that intermediate 28-2 was used instead of intermediate 1-1 and 9-(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-9H-carbazole (CAS No. = 24209-95-8) was used instead of intermediate 1-2. The M+1 peak (C1) of intermediate 28-3 was confirmed by LC-MS. 39 H 27 ClN4Si: M+1614.17).

[0533] Synthesis of intermediate 28-4

[0534] Intermediate 28-4 was synthesized using a method substantially the same as that used for intermediates 1-3, except that intermediate 28-1 was used instead of intermediate 1-1 and intermediate 28-3 was used instead of intermediate 1-2. The M+1 peak (C) of intermediate 28-4 was confirmed by LC-MS. 72 H 46 FN9Si: M+1 1083.36).

[0535] Synthesis of Compound 28

[0536] Compound 28 was synthesized using a method substantially the same as that used for compound 1, except that intermediate 28-4 was used instead of intermediates 1-3. 3.2 g (yield: 56%) of compound 28 was obtained. Compound 28 was identified by LC-MS (C1...). 84 H 54 N 10 Si: M+1 1230.43).

[0537] 2. Manufacturing and evaluation of light-emitting elements

[0538] Light-emitting elements comprising one or more embodiments of nitrogen-containing compounds of one or more embodiments in the emitting layer are manufactured by the methods described herein. The light-emitting elements of Examples 1 to 8 are each manufactured using nitrogen-containing compounds of compounds 1, 2, 7, 13, 16, 21, 22, and 28 as the host material of the emitting layer, respectively. Comparative Examples 1 to 3 correspond to light-emitting elements manufactured using comparative compounds C1 to C3 as the host material of the emitting layer, respectively.

[0539] Example Compounds

[0540]

[0541] Comparison of compounds

[0542]

[0543] Manufacturing of light-emitting elements

[0544] Light-emitting elements of one or more embodiments, comprising one or more nitrogen-containing compounds of the embodiments in the emitting layer, were manufactured using the methods described herein. Light-emitting elements of Examples 1 to 8 were manufactured using compounds 1, 2, 7, 13, 16, 21, 22, and 28 as the host materials for the emitting layer, respectively. Light-emitting elements of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were manufactured using comparative compounds C1, C2, and C3 as the host materials for the emitting layer, respectively. Phosphorescent dopant materials were used as the dopant material for the emitting layer.

[0545] For the fabrication of each light-emitting element in the embodiments and comparative examples, a glass substrate (a Corning product) on which ITO electrodes are formed is cut to a size of approximately 50 mm × 50 mm × 0.5 mm, cleaned in isopropanol and then in pure water by ultrasonic cleaning for approximately 5 minutes each, exposed to ultraviolet light for approximately 30 minutes, cleaned by exposure to ozone to form an anode, and the anode is installed in a vacuum evaporation apparatus.

[0546] On the anode, HAT-CN is deposited to form a structure with approximately A hole injection layer of approximately [thickness value missing] was formed, and compound H-1-1 was vacuum-deposited onto the hole injection layer to form a hole injection layer with approximately [thickness value missing]. A hole transport layer of approximately [thickness value missing] was formed, and compound HT33 was vacuum deposited to form a layer with approximately [thickness value missing]. An electron blocking layer of a certain thickness.

[0547] On the electron blocking layer, the example compound or comparative compound, compound ETH66, and PtON-TBBI phosphorescent dopant (AD-42) were co-deposited at a weight ratio of approximately 60:27:13 to form a layer with approximately The thickness of the emission layer.

[0548] Subsequently, on the emitter layer, compound ETH2 was deposited to form a structure with approximately A hole-blocking layer of approximately [thickness value missing] was formed, and compounds ETH2 and Liq were co-deposited at a weight ratio of approximately 1:1 to form a hole-blocking layer of approximately [thickness value missing]. An electron transport layer of approximately [thickness value missing]. On this electron transport layer, alkali metal halide LiF is deposited to form an electron transport layer with approximately [thickness value missing]. An electron-injected layer of approximately [thickness missing]. Then, aluminum (Al) is deposited to approximately [thickness missing]. The thickness is adjusted to form a LiF / Al electrode (cathode) for use in fabricating light-emitting elements. All layers are formed using a vacuum deposition method.

[0549] The compounds used to manufacture each light-emitting element of the embodiments and comparative examples are shown below.

[0550]

[0551] Evaluation of the properties of light-emitting elements

[0552] To evaluate the properties of each of the light-emitting elements fabricated using compounds 1, 2, 7, 13, 16, 21, 22, and 28, and comparative compounds C1, C2, and C3, the properties were measured at approximately 10 mA / cm². 2 The driving voltage and maximum quantum efficiency at current densities were determined. The driving voltage and current density of the light-emitting elements were measured using a source meter (Keithley Instrument Co., 2400 series), and the maximum quantum efficiency was measured using an external quantum efficiency measurement device C9920-2-12 from Hamamatsu Photonics Co. In the evaluation of the maximum quantum efficiency, luminance was measured using a luminance meter calibrated to wavelength sensitivity, and the maximum quantum efficiency was converted under the assumption of an angular luminance distribution (Lambertian) on a perfectly diffuse surface. The evaluation results of the properties of each of the light-emitting elements are shown in Table 1. The driving voltage and current density of the light-emitting elements were compared when the current density was approximately 10 mA / cm². 2 The lifetime (T95) is evaluated as the time from the initial brightness value to about 95% brightness degradation during continuous driving at the current density, and is expressed as the relative element lifetime (i.e., lifetime ratio (%) (T95)) relative to the value of Example 4.

[0553] [Table 1]

[0554]

[0555]

[0556] Referring to the results in Table 1, high efficiency and long lifetime can be achieved when (e.g., when) a nitrogen-containing compound according to one or more embodiments of this disclosure is used as the host material of the emitting layer of a light-emitting element. For example, it can be confirmed that Examples 1 to 8 each exhibit higher efficiency and longer lifetime characteristics compared to Comparative Examples 1 to 3. The nitrogen-containing compounds of this disclosure have a structure in which a carbazole moiety and a first triazine moiety and a second triazine moiety, each substituted with at least one carbazole group, are linked to a phenyl linker, and the first triazine moiety and the second triazine moiety are each ortho-substituted relative to the carbon atom linked to the carbazole moiety, and can have excellent or suitable electron transport properties and a high lowest excited triplet level (T1 level). Accordingly, light-emitting elements comprising one or more embodiments of the nitrogen-containing compound in the emitting layer can simultaneously (e.g., synchronously) exhibit high efficiency and long lifetime characteristics.

[0557] Compared to the compounds of other examples, the comparative compound C1 included in Comparative Example 1 corresponds to a compound that includes only one triazine moiety in a phenyl linker connected to the carbazole moiety. Accordingly, it can be confirmed that the comparative compound C1 has degraded electron transport properties compared to the compound of the examples, and if (e.g., when) applied to a light-emitting element, the emission efficiency and lifetime characteristics are degraded compared to the examples.

[0558] Comparative Example 2 illustrates degraded emission efficiency and lifetime characteristics compared to the Examples. When comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 2, the comparative compound C2 included in Comparative Example 2 has a structure in which the triazine moiety, each substituted with a carbazoyl group, is meta-substituted relative to the carbazoyl moiety bonded to the phenyl linker. Accordingly, it can be confirmed that the electron transport properties of Comparative Compound C2 are degraded compared to Example Compound 1, and if (e.g., when) applied to a light-emitting element, the emission efficiency and lifetime characteristics are degraded compared to Example 1.

[0559] Comparative Example 3 illustrates the deterioration in emission efficiency and lifetime characteristics compared to the Examples. When comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 3, the comparative compound C3 included in Comparative Example 3 has a structure in which two triazine moieties are not substituted with carbazole groups, compared to Compound 1 of Examples. Accordingly, it can be confirmed that Comparative Compound C3 has deteriorated electron transport properties compared to Compound 1 of Examples, and if (e.g., when) applied to a light-emitting element, the emission efficiency and lifetime characteristics are deteriorated compared to Example 1. In contrast, because the Example compounds each have a structure in which carbazole groups are substituted at the two triazine moieties respectively, holes and electrons in the triazine moieties can be balanced, and superior or adequate emission efficiency and improved element properties can be exhibited. For example, the nitrogen-containing compounds of one or more embodiments introduce two or more carbazole groups into the molecule and can exhibit a control effect on charge mobility. Accordingly, if (e.g., when) the nitrogen-containing compounds of one or more embodiments are applied to a light-emitting element, high efficiency and long lifetime characteristics can be exhibited simultaneously (e.g., concurrently).

[0560] One or more embodiments of a light-emitting element include one or more nitrogen-containing compounds as the main body of the emitting layer in the light-emitting element, and can achieve high emission efficiency and improved lifetime characteristics.

[0561] One or more embodiments of the light-emitting element can exhibit improved element properties such as high efficiency and long lifespan.

[0562] One or more embodiments of the nitrogen-containing compound may be included in the emitting layer of the light-emitting element and may contribute to the increase of the efficiency and lifespan of the light-emitting element.

[0563] A display device according to one or more embodiments may exhibit superior or adequate display quality by using light-emitting elements comprising one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0564] As used herein, the terms “substantially,” “about,” or similar terms are used as approximations and not as terms of degree, and are intended to account for the inherent biases of measured or calculated values ​​that would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art. As used herein, “about” includes stated values ​​and means within an acceptable range of deviations from a particular value, determined by one of ordinary skill in the art considering the measurement in question and the errors associated with the measurement of that particular quantity (i.e., limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” may mean within one or more standard deviations of a stated value, or within ±30%, ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the stated value.

[0565] In the context of this application and unless otherwise defined, the terms “use,” “using,” and “used” are to be considered synonymous with the terms “utilize,” “utilizing,” and “utilized,” respectively.

[0566] Any numerical range set forth herein is intended to include all subranges with the same numerical precision contained within the set forth range. For example, the range “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include all subranges between the set forth minimum value of 1.0 and the set forth maximum value of 10.0 (and inclusive), that is, all subranges having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limit set forth herein is intended to include all lower numerical limits contained therein, and any minimum numerical limit set forth herein is intended to include all higher numerical limits contained therein. Accordingly, the applicant reserves the right to amend this specification (including the claims) to expressly set forth any subranges contained within the range expressly set forth herein.

[0567] In this specification, "integers selected from 0 to 10" refers to integers selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. The above description of numerical ranges also applies to any other numerical ranges appearing in this specification, such as integers selected from 0 and 1, integers selected from 0 to 2, integers selected from 0 to 3, integers selected from 0 to 4, integers selected from 0 to 5, integers selected from 0 to 6, integers selected from 0 to 7, integers selected from 0 to 8, integers selected from 0 to 9, and integers selected from 0 to 10, etc.

[0568] The light-emitting elements, display devices, electronic devices / equipment, means of manufacture thereof, and / or any other related devices / equipment or components described herein according to embodiments of this disclosure may be implemented using any suitable hardware, firmware (e.g., application-specific integrated circuits), software, or a combination of software, firmware, and hardware. For example, various components of the device may be formed on an integrated circuit (IC) chip or on a separate IC chip. Furthermore, various components of the device may be implemented on a flexible printed circuit film, a tape-on-a-package (TCP), or a printed circuit board (PCB), or formed on a substrate. Furthermore, various components of the device may be processes or threads that run on one or more processors in one or more computing devices, execute computer program instructions, and interact with other system components to perform the various functions described herein. The computer program instructions are stored in memory, which may be implemented using standard memory devices (e.g., random access memory (RAM)) in the computing device. The computer program instructions may also be stored in other non-transitory computer-readable media (e.g., CD-ROMs or flash drives, etc.). Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of this disclosure, the functions of various computing devices may be combined or integrated into a single computing device, or the functions of a dedicated computing device may be distributed across one or more other computing devices.

[0569] In this disclosure, each suitable feature of the various embodiments of this disclosure may be combined in part or in whole or in combination with one another, and may be technically interlocked and operated in a variety of suitable ways, and unless otherwise stated or implied, each embodiment may be implemented independently of or in combination with one another in any suitable manner.

[0570] Although one or more embodiments of this disclosure have been described, it should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to these embodiments, but rather that one or more appropriate changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the claimed disclosure and its equivalents.

Claims

1. A nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1: Formula 1 in, In Equation 1, R1 to R3 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted germanyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted thio, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combined with adjacent groups to form a ring. A1, A2, B1, and B2 are each independently an aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, either substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. At least one of A1 and B1 and at least one of A2 and B2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group. n1 is an integer selected from 0 to 3, and n2 and n3 are each an independent integer selected from 0 to 4.

2. The nitrogen-containing compound according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound represented by formula 1 is represented by formula 2: Formula 2 In Equation 2, R4 to R7 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted germanyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted thio, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl of 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl of 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combined with adjacent groups to form a ring. n4 to n7 are each an independent integer selected from 0 to 4, and R1 to R3, n1 to n3, B1 and B2 are each the same as those defined in Equation 1.

3. The nitrogen-containing compound according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound represented by formula 1 is represented by formula 3-1 or formula 3-2: Equation 3-1 Equation 3-2 In equations 3-1 and 3-2, R4 to R 11 Each of the following groups is independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted germanyl, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted thio, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl of 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl of 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combined with adjacent groups to form a ring. n4 to n11 are each an independent integer selected from 0 to 4, and R1 to R3, n1 to n3 and B2 are each the same as those defined in Equation 1.

4. The nitrogen-containing compound according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound represented by formula 1 is represented by formula 4-1 or formula 4-2: Equation 4-1 Equation 4-2 In equations 4-1 and 4-2, Z1 to Z8 are each independently hydrogen or aryl groups with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, either substituted or unsubstituted. R2' is hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted germanyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. n2' is an integer selected from 0 to 3. A3 and B3 are each independently an aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, either substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. R1, R3, n1, n3, A1, A2, B1, and B2 are each the same as those defined in Equation 1.

5. The nitrogen-containing compound according to claim 1, Wherein at least one of A1 and B1 and at least one of A2 and B2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group, and The remaining groups selected from A1, B1, A2, and B2 are each independently represented by one of formulas A-1 to A-4: Formula A-1 Formula A-2 Formula A-3 Formula A-4 In equations A-1 to A-4, R a To R i Each of the following is independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. q1, q5, and q7 through q9 are each independent integers selected from 0 to 5, and q2 to q4 and q6 are each independent integers selected from 0 to 4.

6. The nitrogen-containing compound according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-containing compound represented by formula 1 is any one selected from the group 1 of compounds: Compound group 1 7. A light-emitting element, comprising: First electrode; A second electrode opposite to the first electrode; as well as Between the first electrode and the second electrode, and including at least one functional layer of a nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The light-emitting element according to claim 7, wherein the at least one functional layer comprises: Hole transport region on the first electrode; The emission layer on the hole transport region; and The electron transmission region on the emission layer.

9. The light-emitting element according to claim 8, The emitter layer comprises a first body and a dopant, and The first entity includes the nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1.

10. The light-emitting element according to claim 9, wherein the emitting layer is used to emit thermally activated delayed fluorescence or phosphorescence.

11. The light-emitting element according to claim 9, wherein the dopant is represented by formula D-1: Formula D-1 in, In equation D-1, Q1 to Q4 are each independently C or N. C1 to C4 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon cyclic group with 5 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. X 11 To X 14 Each independently serves as a direct connection or L 11 To L 13 Each is independently a direct connection, The substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, the substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or the substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, wherein, Refers to the part connected to C1 to C4. b11 to b13 are each independently 0 or 1. R 61 To R 66 Each of the following groups is independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted silyl, substituted or unsubstituted thio, substituted or unsubstituted oxy, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted boron, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl of 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl of 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or combined with adjacent groups to form a ring. d1 to d4 are each an independent integer selected from 0 to 4.

12. The light-emitting element according to claim 9, The emission layer further includes a second body different from the first body, and The second entity is represented by the formula HT: HT and in, In formula HT, At least one of Y1 to Y3 is N, and the remainder is CR. 56 , R 56 It is hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms. b1 to b3 are each an independent integer selected from 0 to 10. Ar b To Ar d Each of the following is independently hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group with 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group with 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms. L2 to L4 are each independently an arylene group with 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms directly connected, substituted or unsubstituted, or a heteroarylene group with 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms.

13. The light-emitting element according to claim 8, The electron transport region includes: An electron transport layer on the emission layer; and An electron injection layer on the electron transport layer; and The electron transport layer and / or the electron injection layer comprise the nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula 1.

14. An electronic device, including a display device, The display device includes: basal layer; Circuit layer on the substrate layer; and The display element layer is located on the circuit layer and includes the light-emitting element according to any one of claims 7 to 13.

15. The electronic device according to claim 14, The light-emitting element further includes a capping layer on the second electrode, and The capping layer has a refractive index of 1.6 or greater relative to light in the wavelength range of 550 nm to 660 nm.

16. The electronic device according to claim 14, The display device further includes a quantum dot light control layer on the display element layer. The light-emitting element is used to emit light of a first color, and The optical control layer includes: A first light control section, comprising a first quantum dot that converts the first color light into a second color light in a wavelength range longer than that of the first color light; The second light control section includes a second quantum dot that converts the first color light into a third color light in a wavelength range longer than the wavelength range of the first color light and the second color light. and The third light control section that transmits the first color light.

17. The electronic device according to claim 16, The display device further includes a color filter layer on the light control layer, and The color filter layer includes: A first filter that transmits the second color light; A second filter that transmits the third color light; and A third filter that transmits the first color light.

18. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the electronic device comprises one or more selected from televisions, monitors, billboards, personal computers, laptop computers, personal digital terminals, display devices for automobiles, game consoles, portable electronic devices, Internet of Things devices, cameras, mobile phones, smartphones, tablet computers, mobile communication terminals, electronic notebooks, e-books, portable multimedia players, navigation devices, super mobile personal computers, smartwatches, watch phones, and head-mounted display devices.

Images