Environment-friendly bio-based polyurethane foam and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of environment-friendly polyurethane processing, and particularly discloses environment-friendly bio-based polyurethane foam and a preparation method thereof. The environment-friendly bio-based polyurethane foam comprises a component A and a component B, the component A comprises 100-120 parts of composite polyol, 5-10 parts of an environment-friendly foaming agent, 0.6-1 part of a catalyst, 0.5-1 part of a cross-linking agent, 0.5-1 part of a stabilizer and 5-10 parts of degradation promoting filler; the component B comprises bio-based isocyanate; the preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the composite polyol, the environment-friendly foaming agent, the catalyst, the cross-linking agent, the stabilizer and the degradation-promoting filler to obtain a component A; uniformly mixing the component A and the component B, treating at 36-40 DEG C for 30-50 minutes, heating to 125-150 DEG C, and treating for 10-18 minutes to obtain a semi-finished product; demoulding the semi-finished product, and standing for 20-28 hours to obtain a finished product; the method has the advantages of environmental protection, small pollution and degradability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of environmentally friendly polyurethane processing, and more specifically, it relates to an environmentally friendly bio-based polyurethane foam and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In the traditional manufacturing process of polyurethane foam, isocyanate is a key raw material, primarily sourced from petroleum resources. This not only leads to the excessive consumption of petroleum resources and increases dependence on finite natural resources, but also poses a serious threat to soil, water sources, and ecosystems due to the difficulty of degrading these isocyanate components in the natural environment during the waste disposal stage of foam products, resulting in long-term accumulation. Furthermore, blowing agents commonly used in traditional polyurethane foam production, such as Freon, are widely recognized as major contributors to global environmental problems due to their ozone-depleting effects. The release of these chemicals into the atmosphere accelerates ozone layer depletion, thereby exacerbating the negative impacts of ultraviolet radiation on the Earth's biosphere.

[0003] Therefore, how to prepare an environmentally friendly, low-pollution, and biodegradable polyurethane foam material is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to prepare an environmentally friendly, low-pollution, and biodegradable polyurethane foam material, this application provides an environmentally friendly bio-based polyurethane foam and its preparation method.

[0005] Firstly, this application provides an environmentally friendly bio-based polyurethane foam, employing the following technical solution: An environmentally friendly bio-based polyurethane foam comprising component A and component B in a mass ratio of 2-3:1; Component A contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of composite polyol, 5-10 parts of environmentally friendly foaming agent, 0.6-1 part of catalyst, 0.5-1 part of crosslinking agent, 0.5-1 part of stabilizer, and 5-10 parts of degradable filler; Component B includes bio-based isocyanates.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, the combination of environmentally friendly foaming agent and bio-based isocyanate, and the replacement of petroleum-based isocyanate with bio-based isocyanate, not only is the dependence on petroleum resources effectively reduced, environmental pollution reduced, and environmental protection effect improved, but the foaming effect of the environmentally friendly foaming agent further improves the environmental performance and biodegradability of polyurethane foam materials, solving the problem that traditional polyurethane foam is not easy to degrade, and enabling the finished polyurethane foam to degrade rapidly under natural conditions.

[0007] Preferably, the bio-based isocyanate is L-lysine diisocyanate.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, L-lysine diisocyanate, as a bio-based isocyanate, can generate substances such as L-lysine, glycerol, and ethanol after degradation. It has high biocompatibility, which improves the environmental protection effect. Furthermore, the lysine ester bond in L-lysine diisocyanate is easily hydrolyzed, making the polyurethane main chain breakage rate higher than that of materials synthesized from traditional aliphatic isocyanates, thus accelerating the degradation rate of polyurethane foam materials. At the same time, the isocyanate in L-lysine diisocyanate provides reactive groups that can react with polyols to prepare polyurethane foam. Combined with its contained amino and ester groups, it can improve the structural stability and mechanical strength of polyurethane foam materials.

[0009] Preferably, the environmentally friendly foaming agent is composed of cyclopentane, water and a carrier molecular sieve in a mass ratio of 1:1-2:0.1-0.25.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, cyclopentane, with its low boiling point, rapidly vaporizes during the exothermic polymerization reaction of polyurethane, generating a large amount of gas to form cell cores. The gas diffuses uniformly, forming a uniformly closed cell structure. Meanwhile, water reacts with isocyanate to gradually generate carbon dioxide gas, further creating pores. Combined with the exothermic reaction, this promotes the uniform vaporization of cyclopentane, improving the pore uniformity in the polyurethane foam material. The molecular sieve in the loading material has a high porosity. Utilizing the adsorption effect of the molecular sieve and the silanol groups, it can selectively capture free water and partially adsorb carbon dioxide molecules, reducing the amount of gas mixed in during stirring or reaction, and avoiding cell distortion after curing. This further ensures the porosity and uniformity of the polyurethane foam material, and further guarantees its mechanical properties.

[0011] Molecular sieves can promote the disintegration of polyurethane foam during its degradation process. Combined with the uniform pores in the polyurethane foam, they further promote the rapid degradation of the polyurethane foam.

[0012] Preferably, the loaded molecular sieve is prepared by loading sodium percarbonate onto a molecular sieve and then coating it with a rosin pentaerythritol ester solution, wherein the mass ratio of the molecular sieve to the rosin pentaerythritol ester solution is 1:0.4-0.8.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the molecular sieve utilizes its open pores to load sodium percarbonate, and then coats its surface with a membrane layer formed by rosin pentaerythritol ester solution. This not only prevents sodium percarbonate from reacting with water during the foaming process, thus affecting the pore-forming effect and ensuring the pore uniformity of the polyurethane foam material, but also maintains the pore size of the molecular sieve, making it less likely to adsorb isocyanates and polyols during the foaming process, thereby ensuring the crosslinking effect and structural density of the polyurethane foam material.

[0014] As the curing process steadily increases, rosin pentaerythritol ester gradually melts, releasing sodium percarbonate. Sodium percarbonate can not only combine with excess free water after foaming, but also decompose upon heating to produce gas, further improving the porosity and pore uniformity of the polyurethane foam material. The hydroxyl and carboxyl groups contained in rosin pentaerythritol ester can further connect with substances such as polyols and isocyanates, improving the structural density of the polyurethane foam material. This allows the molecular sieve to adhere stably inside the polyurethane foam material, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the polyurethane foam material.

[0015] Preferably, the degradation-promoting filler is composed of coated sucrose microparticles, lignin fibers, and fish bone powder in a mass ratio of 1:0.9-1.7:0.1-0.3.

[0016] By employing the above-mentioned technical solution, coating sucrose microparticles, lignin fiber, and fish bone meal are combined to attract insects such as crickets in the soil to feed on the polyurethane foam material. Mechanical crushing combined with microbial fermentation accelerates the degradation rate of the polyurethane foam material. The starch in the lignin fiber not only provides energy for the crickets and microorganisms, promoting their metabolism and further accelerating the degradation of the polyurethane foam material, but also the large specific surface area of ​​the fish bone meal further increases the contact area with insects and microorganisms in the soil. The organic matter, calcium phosphate, and trace elements in the fish bone meal further enhance the activity of insects and microorganisms, accelerating the degradation of polyurethane, thus enabling the polyurethane material to be rapidly decomposed.

[0017] Preferably, the coated sucrose microparticles are prepared from a sucrose microparticle and an ethyl cellulose solution in a mass ratio of 1:0.5-0.8.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, sucrose microparticles, coated with ethyl cellulose solution, utilize the barrier effect of the ethyl cellulose solution after film formation to ensure that the sucrose microparticles do not easily come into contact with the moisture in the foaming agent, thereby ensuring the foaming effect of moisture and isocyanate in the foaming agent. During the foaming process and subsequent curing temperature, the ethyl cellulose solution is not easily melted by heat, ensuring the distribution stability of sucrose microparticles in the polyurethane foam material. When the polyurethane foam material degrades, sucrose attracts insects to break down the polyurethane foam material, and microorganisms can decompose ethyl cellulose. After the ethyl cellulose film is formed, it is odorless and will not repel insects, ensuring the attraction effect of sucrose on insects, thereby further accelerating the degradation of the polyurethane foam material.

[0019] Preferably, the carrier lignin fiber is prepared by bonding lignin fiber with polyvinyl alcohol-1799 solution after lignin fiber absorbs water, and the mass ratio of lignin fiber to polyvinyl alcohol-1799 solution is 1:0.5-1.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, lignin fibers absorb moisture and undergo micro-swelling, then are coated with a film layer formed by polyvinyl alcohol-1799 solution. Utilizing the characteristic of polyvinyl alcohol-1799 dissolving in water at 95℃, the lignin fibers do not readily absorb moisture from the foaming agent during the polyurethane foaming process, ensuring the foaming effect of the polyurethane foam. During the subsequent curing process, the lignin fibers gradually lose water, while the polyvinyl alcohol-1799 solution can cross-link with substances such as polyols and isocyanates at the curing temperature. The space originally occupied by the expanded lignin fibers becomes vacant due to the water loss. Through the cross-linking effect of polyvinyl alcohol-1799 with polyols and isocyanates, the porosity around the lignin fibers is further increased, and the pore uniformity is ensured, giving the polyurethane the advantages of high pore uniformity and good mechanical properties.

[0021] During the degradation process, the pores around the lignin fibers can be quickly occupied by insects and microorganisms. Combined with the good loading effect of lignin fibers, this ensures the attachment and reproduction of microorganisms. Furthermore, lignin fibers can provide nutrients for microorganisms, further promoting their growth and accelerating the degradation rate of polyurethane foam materials.

[0022] Preferably, the carrier fish bone powder is prepared by mixing fish bone powder and polycaprolactone diol solution in a mass ratio of 1:0.5-1.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the hydroxyl groups in polycaprolactone can promote the cross-linking of fish bone powder with polyols and isocyanates to form a network. Furthermore, the narrow molecular weight of polycaprolactone is conducive to the formation of a uniform cross-linked network, reducing the residue of unreacted groups and improving the strength of polyurethane foam materials.

[0024] Preferably, the composite polyol is composed of castor oil polyol and polycaprolactone polyol in a mass ratio of 3-6:1.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, castor oil polyol and polycaprolactone polyol can be combined to prepare environmentally friendly polyurethane foam materials with a higher degradation rate than traditional polyethers, thereby improving the environmental friendliness and biodegradability of polyurethane foam materials.

[0026] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing environmentally friendly bio-based polyurethane foam, employing the following technical solution: A method for preparing an environmentally friendly bio-based polyurethane foam includes the following steps: S1. Mix the composite polyol, environmentally friendly foaming agent, catalyst, crosslinking agent, stabilizer, and degradation-promoting filler evenly to obtain component A; S2. Mix component A and component B evenly, treat at 36-40℃ for 30-50 min, then heat to 125-150℃ for 10-18 min to obtain a semi-finished product. S3. After demolding the semi-finished product, place it at room temperature for 20-28 hours to obtain the finished product.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the combination of composite polyol and environmentally friendly foaming agent can produce uniform and dense cells during the foaming process. With the curing temperature limited to 125-150℃, the cross-linking between the components inside the polyurethane foam material is further promoted, thereby ensuring the porosity of the polyurethane foam material while maintaining its mechanical properties. The combination of environmentally friendly foaming agent and degradable filler accelerates the degradation rate of polyurethane foam material, giving it the advantages of being environmentally friendly and rapidly degradable.

[0028] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. The combination of environmentally friendly foaming agent and bio-based isocyanate, replacing petroleum-based isocyanate with bio-based isocyanate, not only effectively reduces dependence on petroleum resources, reduces environmental pollution, and improves environmental protection, but also the foaming effect of the environmentally friendly foaming agent further improves the environmental performance and biodegradability of polyurethane foam materials, solving the problem of traditional polyurethane foam being difficult to degrade, and enabling finished polyurethane foam to degrade rapidly under natural conditions.

[0029] 2. The combination of coated sucrose microparticles, carrier lignin fibers, and carrier fish bone meal utilizes the odor of sucrose to attract insects such as crickets, grubs, and mealworms in the soil to gnaw on the polyurethane foam material. Mechanical destruction further breaks down the polyurethane foam material. Combined with the nutritional supply of starch, the sucrose and starch ingested by the insects not only accelerate their metabolism and secrete extracellular enzymes to degrade the polyurethane molecular chains, but also allow microorganisms to utilize the nutrients in sucrose and starch, thus accelerating the decomposition of the polyurethane foam material. The fish bone meal, in turn, provides a load for insects and microorganisms, ensuring their reproduction and growth within the polyurethane foam material, achieving rapid degradation. Finally, the nutrients in the fish bone meal are utilized by the insects and microorganisms, further accelerating the degradation of the polyurethane foam material. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0031] Examples of preparation of loaded molecular sieves: The following raw materials are all commercially available.

[0032] Preparation Example 1: Loaded molecular sieves were prepared using the following method: Sodium percarbonate was dissolved in water and stirred until completely dissolved to obtain a 5% sodium percarbonate solution. Rosin pentaerythritol ester was placed in ethyl acetate and stirred until completely dissolved to obtain a 1% (w / w) rosin pentaerythritol ester solution. 1 kg of molecular sieve was placed in 10 kg of sodium percarbonate solution. The average particle size of the molecular sieve was 20 μm and the average open porosity was 60%. It was ultrasonically dispersed at 20 kHz for 10 min. Then the molecular sieve was filtered out and 0.6 kg of rosin pentaerythritol ester solution was uniformly sprayed on its surface. After air drying and dispersion until the molecular sieves did not stick together and agglomerate, the loaded molecular sieve was obtained. The loaded molecular sieve passed through a 400 mesh sieve.

[0033] Preparation Example 2: The difference between this preparation example and Preparation Example 1 is that: 1 kg of molecular sieve was placed in 10 kg of sodium percarbonate solution. The average particle size of the molecular sieve was 20 μm and the average open porosity was 60%. It was ultrasonically dispersed at 20 kHz for 10 min. Then the molecular sieve was filtered out and 0.4 kg of rosin pentaerythritol ester solution was uniformly sprayed on its surface. After air drying and dispersion until the molecular sieves did not stick together and agglomerate, the loaded molecular sieve was obtained.

[0034] Preparation Example 3: The difference between this preparation example and Preparation Example 1 is that: 1 kg of molecular sieve was placed in 10 kg of sodium percarbonate solution. The average particle size of the molecular sieve was 20 μm and the average open porosity was 60%. It was ultrasonically dispersed at 20 kHz for 10 min. Then the molecular sieve was filtered out and 0.8 kg of rosin pentaerythritol ester solution was uniformly sprayed on its surface. After air drying and dispersion until the molecular sieves did not stick together and agglomerate, the loaded molecular sieve was obtained.

[0035] Examples of preparation of degradation-promoting fillers: The following raw materials are all commercially available.

[0036] Preparation Example 4: The coarse degradation filler was prepared using the following method: Ethyl cellulose was placed in ethanol and stirred until completely dissolved to obtain a 1% (w / w) ethyl cellulose solution. The ethanol was anhydrous ethanol, and the ethoxy content of the ethyl cellulose was greater than 48%. 0.6 kg of ethyl cellulose solution was uniformly sprayed onto the surface of 1 kg of sucrose microparticles. The average particle size of the sucrose microparticles was 20 μm. After drying and dispersion, coated sucrose microparticles were obtained. The coated sucrose microparticles were passed through a 400-mesh sieve. 1 kg of lignin fiber was placed in 10 kg of water. The average length of the lignin fiber was 30 μm. The mixture was stirred at 1000 r / min for 5 min, and then filtered out. The lignin fiber was then uniformly sprayed with 0.8 kg of polyvinyl alcohol-1799 solution (1% by mass) at 95℃. After air drying and dispersion until the lignin fibers did not stick together, the loaded lignin fiber was obtained. The loaded lignin fiber was then passed through a 400-mesh sieve. Polycaprolactone was placed in ethanol and stirred until completely dissolved to obtain a 2% (w / w) polycaprolactone solution. 0.75 kg of the polycaprolactone solution was evenly sprayed onto the surface of 1 kg of fish bone powder. The average particle size of the fish bone powder was 20 μm. After drying and dispersing until the fish bone powder particles did not stick together and agglomerate, the loaded fish bone powder was obtained. The loaded fish bone powder was passed through a 400-mesh sieve. 1 kg of coated sucrose microparticles, 1.35 kg of lignin fiber, and 0.15 kg of fish bone powder were mixed evenly to obtain a degradation-promoting filler.

[0037] Preparation Example 5: The difference between this preparation example and Preparation Example 4 is that: Ethyl cellulose was placed in ethanol and stirred until completely dissolved to obtain a 1% (w / w) ethyl cellulose solution. The ethanol was anhydrous ethanol, and the ethoxy content of the ethyl cellulose was greater than 48%. 0.5 kg of ethyl cellulose solution was uniformly sprayed onto the surface of 1 kg of sucrose microparticles. The average particle size of the sucrose microparticles was 20 μm. After drying and dispersion, coated sucrose microparticles were obtained. The coated sucrose microparticles were passed through a 400-mesh sieve. 1 kg of lignin fiber was placed in 10 kg of water. The average length of the lignin fiber was 30 μm. The mixture was stirred at 1000 r / min for 5 min, and then filtered out. The lignin fiber was then uniformly sprayed with 0.5 kg of polyvinyl alcohol-1799 solution (1% by mass) at 95℃. After air drying and dispersion until the lignin fibers did not stick together, the loaded lignin fiber was obtained. The loaded lignin fiber was then passed through a 400-mesh sieve. Polycaprolactone was placed in ethanol and stirred until completely dissolved to obtain a 2% (w / w) polycaprolactone solution. 0.5 kg of the polycaprolactone solution was evenly sprayed onto the surface of 1 kg of fish bone powder. The average particle size of the fish bone powder was 20 μm. After drying and dispersing until the fish bone powder particles did not stick together and agglomerate, the loaded fish bone powder was obtained. The loaded fish bone powder was passed through a 400-mesh sieve. 1 kg of coated sucrose microparticles, 0.9 kg of lignin fiber, and 0.1 kg of fish bone powder were mixed evenly to obtain a degradation-promoting filler.

[0038] Preparation Example 6: The difference between this preparation example and Preparation Example 4 is that: Ethyl cellulose was placed in ethanol and stirred until completely dissolved to obtain a 1% (w / w) ethyl cellulose solution. The ethanol was anhydrous ethanol, and the ethoxy content of the ethyl cellulose was greater than 48%. 0.8 kg of ethyl cellulose solution was uniformly sprayed onto the surface of 1 kg of sucrose microparticles. The average particle size of the sucrose microparticles was 20 μm. After drying and dispersion, coated sucrose microparticles were obtained. The coated sucrose microparticles were passed through a 400-mesh sieve. 1 kg of lignin fiber was placed in 10 kg of water. The average length of the lignin fiber was 30 μm. The mixture was stirred at 1000 r / min for 5 min, and then filtered out. The lignin fiber was then uniformly sprayed with 1 kg of polyvinyl alcohol-1799 solution (1% by mass) at 95℃. After air drying and dispersion until the lignin fibers did not stick together, the loaded lignin fiber was obtained. The loaded lignin fiber was then passed through a 400-mesh sieve. Polycaprolactone was placed in ethanol and stirred until completely dissolved to obtain a 2% (w / w) polycaprolactone solution. 1 kg of polycaprolactone solution was uniformly sprayed onto the surface of 1 kg of fish bone powder. The average particle size of the fish bone powder was 20 μm. After drying and dispersing until the fish bone powder particles did not stick together and agglomerate, the loaded fish bone powder was obtained. The loaded fish bone powder was passed through a 400-mesh sieve. 1 kg of coated sucrose microparticles, 1.7 kg of lignin fiber, and 0.3 kg of fish bone powder were mixed evenly to obtain a degradation-promoting filler. Example

[0039] L-lysine diisocyanate in the following raw materials was purchased from Wuhan Jiangxin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; other raw materials and equipment were commercially available.

[0040] Example 1: An environmentally friendly bio-based polyurethane foam: It includes component A and component B in a 2.5:1 ratio; Component A: 110 kg of composite polyol, 8 kg of environmentally friendly foaming agent, 0.8 kg of catalyst, 0.8 kg of crosslinking agent, 0.6 kg of stabilizer, and 8 kg of degradation-promoting filler; the composite polyol is composed of castor oil polyol and polycaprolactone polyol in a mass ratio of 5:1; the environmentally friendly foaming agent is composed of cyclopentane, water, and the molecular sieve prepared in Preparation Example 1 in a mass ratio of 1:1.5:0.2; the degradation-promoting filler is the degradation-promoting filler prepared in Preparation Example 4; the catalyst is triethanolamine, the crosslinking agent is glycerol, and the stabilizer is dimethyl silicone oil; Component B includes a bio-based isocyanate; the bio-based isocyanate is L-lysine diisocyanate. The preparation method is as follows: S1. Mix the composite polyol, environmentally friendly foaming agent, catalyst, crosslinking agent, stabilizer, and degradation-promoting filler evenly to obtain component A; S2. Mix component A and component B evenly, treat at 38℃ for 40 min, then heat to 135℃ for 15 min to obtain a semi-finished product. S3. After the semi-finished product is demolded, it is placed at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain the finished product.

[0041] Example 2: The difference between this example and Example 1 is that: Includes a 2:1 ratio of component A and component B; Component A: 100 kg of composite polyol, 5 kg of environmentally friendly foaming agent, 0.6 kg of catalyst, 0.5 kg of crosslinking agent, 0.5 kg of stabilizer, and 5 kg of degradation-promoting filler; the composite polyol is composed of castor oil polyol and polycaprolactone polyol in a mass ratio of 3:1; the environmentally friendly foaming agent is composed of cyclopentane, water, and the molecular sieve prepared in Preparation Example 2 in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.1; the degradation-promoting filler is the degradation-promoting filler prepared in Preparation Example 5; the catalyst is triethanolamine, the crosslinking agent is glycerol, and the stabilizer is dimethyl silicone oil; Component B includes a bio-based isocyanate; the bio-based isocyanate is L-lysine diisocyanate. The preparation method is as follows: S1. Mix the composite polyol, environmentally friendly foaming agent, catalyst, crosslinking agent, stabilizer, and degradation-promoting filler evenly to obtain component A; S2. Mix component A and component B evenly, treat at 36℃ for 50 min, then heat to 125℃ for 18 min to obtain a semi-finished product. S3. After demolding the semi-finished product, place it at room temperature for 28 hours to obtain the finished product.

[0042] Example 3: The difference between this example and Example 1 is that: Includes a 3:1 ratio of component A and component B; Component A: 120 kg of composite polyol, 10 kg of environmentally friendly foaming agent, 1 kg of catalyst, 1 kg of crosslinking agent, 1 kg of stabilizer, and 10 kg of degradation-promoting filler; the composite polyol is composed of castor oil polyol and polycaprolactone polyol in a mass ratio of 6:1; the environmentally friendly foaming agent is composed of cyclopentane, water, and the molecular sieve prepared in Preparation Example 3 in a mass ratio of 1:2:0.25; the degradation-promoting filler is the degradation-promoting filler prepared in Preparation Example 6; the catalyst is triethanolamine, the crosslinking agent is glycerol, and the stabilizer is dimethyl silicone oil; Component B includes bio-based isocyanate; the bio-based isocyanate is L-lysine diisocyanate; The preparation method is as follows: S1. Mix the composite polyol, environmentally friendly foaming agent, catalyst, crosslinking agent, stabilizer, and degradation-promoting filler evenly to obtain component A; S2. Mix component A and component B evenly, treat at 40℃ for 30 minutes, then heat to 150℃ for 10 minutes to obtain a semi-finished product. S3. After the semi-finished product is demolded, it is placed at room temperature for 20 hours to obtain the finished product.

[0043] Example 4: The difference between this example and Example 1 is that: The degradation-promoting filler replaces the coated sucrose microparticles with an equal mass of fish bone meal.

[0044] Example 5: The difference between this example and Example 1 is that: In the degradable filler, the lignin fiber is replaced by an equal mass of fish bone powder.

[0045] Example 6: The difference between this example and Example 1 is that: In environmentally friendly foaming agents, commercially available molecular sieves of equal quality are used to replace the carrier molecular sieves.

[0046] Example 7: The difference between this example and Example 1 is that: In the degradation-promoting filler, the coated sucrose particles are replaced with an equal mass of sucrose particles.

[0047] Example 8: The difference between this example and Example 1 is that: In the degradation-promoting filler, the lignin fiber in the load is replaced with an equal mass of lignin fiber.

[0048] Example 9: The difference between this example and Example 1 is that: In the degradable filler, the fish bone powder carrier is replaced with an equal mass of fish bone powder.

[0049] Comparative Example Comparative Example 1: The difference between this comparative example and Preparation Example 1 is that: The degradation-promoting filler was replaced with an equal mass of composite polyol in the raw materials.

[0050] Performance testing 1. Degradation performance testing Polyurethane foam materials were prepared using the methods of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Example 1, respectively. The sample size was a thin sheet with a length of 20 mm, a width of 10 mm, and a thickness of 0.5 mm. Soil from the same mountain area was used, and each example or comparative example had a 1 m thick sheet. 3 The soil contained 20 crickets and 30 grubs per cubic meter. Thin slices were buried in the corresponding soil to a depth of 10 cm and placed for 8 months under the conditions of ambient temperature of 25-28℃ and relative humidity of 55-65%. After 8 months, the slices were taken out, the weight loss was measured, the weight loss rate was calculated, and the data were recorded.

[0051] 2. Mechanical performance testing Polyurethane foam materials were prepared using the methods described in Examples 1-8, respectively. Take a 50×50×50mm cube of foam core, cut it vertically along the foaming direction, with a thickness ≤0.5mm, and ensure that the cross-section is flat and without tearing. SEM scan: obtain cell structure images of ≥3 regions (core, edge, and middle). Effective cell count: ≥100 cells in a single region, and remove deformed cells; calculate CV value and record data. Test tensile strength according to GB / T6344 and record the data.

[0052] Table 1 Performance Test Table (In the table, " / " indicates that the corresponding embodiment or comparative example did not test this item, so there is no data) project Weight loss rate / % CV value Tensile strength / MPa Example 1 68.5 12.6 0.20 Example 2 67.2 13.0 0.22 Example 3 69.0 12.5 0.25 Example 4 55.8 / / Example 5 52.4 / / Example 6 62.3 13.5 0.17 Example 7 / 14.0 0.15 Example 8 / 14.6 0.10 Example 9 / / 0.18 Comparative Example 1 30.8 / / As can be seen from Examples 1-3 and Table 1, the polyurethane foam material prepared in this application has a high weight loss rate, indicating good degradation effect and fast degradation speed, while the CV value is low, indicating high pore uniformity and high tensile strength, indicating good mechanical properties.

[0053] Combining Examples 1 and 4-9 with Table 1, it can be seen that in Example 4, the degradable filler replaced the coated sucrose microparticles with the same mass of fish bone powder. Compared with Example 1, the weight loss rate of the polyurethane foam material prepared in Example 4 was lower than that in Example 1. This indicates that the addition of coated sucrose microparticles can attract insects to mechanically break down the polyurethane foam material for degradation. In conjunction with sucrose as a nutrient to provide energy for insects and microorganisms, the degradation rate of the polyurethane foam material is accelerated.

[0054] In Example 5, the lignin fiber was replaced with an equal mass of fish bone powder in the degradable filler. Compared with Example 1, the weight loss rate of the polyurethane foam material prepared in Example 5 was lower than that in Example 1, indicating that the lignin fiber can be utilized by insects and microorganisms, thereby accelerating the degradation of the polyurethane foam material.

[0055] In Example 6, the environmentally friendly foaming agent replaced the carrier molecular sieve with an equal mass of commercially available molecular sieve. Compared with Example 1, the polyurethane foam material prepared in Example 6 had a lower weight loss rate, a higher CV value, and a lower tensile strength than Example 1. This indicates that the sodium percarbonate in the molecular sieve generates pores, increases porosity, and accelerates the degradation of the polyurethane foam material. Furthermore, rosin pentaerythritol ester can be linked with polyols and isocyanates, further improving the mechanical properties of the polyurethane foam material.

[0056] In Example 7, the coated sucrose microparticles were replaced with an equal mass of sucrose microparticles in the degradable filler. Compared with Example 1, the polyurethane foam material prepared in Example 7 had a higher CV value and lower tensile strength than that in Example 1. This indicates that the sucrose microparticles were not coated, which could easily affect the foaming effect of water and isocyanate in the foaming agent, thus affecting the quality of the polyurethane foam material. The film layer formed by ethyl cellulose can ensure the foaming effect of polyurethane while ensuring the mechanical properties of the polyurethane foam material.

[0057] In Example 8, the lignin fiber carrying material was replaced with an equal mass of lignin fiber in the degradable filler. Compared with Example 1, the polyurethane foam material prepared in Example 8 had a higher CV value and lower tensile strength than that in Example 1. This indicates that the lignin fiber, without treatment, easily absorbs moisture from the foaming agent, affecting the mechanical properties and porosity of the polyurethane foam material. Furthermore, the polyvinyl alcohol-1799 on the surface of the lignin fiber contains hydroxyl groups that can connect with polyols and isocyanates, improving the distribution stability and uniformity of the carrying lignin fiber in the polyurethane foam material, thereby ensuring the mechanical properties and porosity distribution of the polyurethane foam material.

[0058] In Example 9, the fish bone powder carrier was replaced with an equal mass of fish bone powder in the degradable filler. Compared with Example 1, the tensile strength of the polyurethane foam material prepared in Example 9 was lower than that in Example 1. This indicates that the hydroxyl groups in polycaprolactone diol can promote the crosslinking of fish bone powder with polyol and isocyanate to form a network. Furthermore, the narrow molecular weight of polycaprolactone diol is beneficial for forming a uniform crosslinking network, reducing the residue of unreacted groups, and improving the strength of the polyurethane foam material.

[0059] Based on Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 and Table 1, it can be seen that when the same mass of composite polyol was used to replace the degradation-promoting filler in the raw material of Comparative Example 1, the weight loss rate of Comparative Example 1 was lower than that of Example 1, indicating that the addition of the degradation-promoting filler can accelerate the degradation of polyurethane foam materials.

[0060] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of this application and is not intended to limit it. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they fall within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. An environmentally friendly bio-based polyurethane foam, characterized in that, It contains component A and component B in a mass ratio of 2-3:1; Component A contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of composite polyol, 5-10 parts of environmentally friendly foaming agent, 0.6-1 part of catalyst, 0.5-1 part of crosslinking agent, 0.5-1 part of stabilizer, and 5-10 parts of degradable filler; Component B includes bio-based isocyanates.

2. The environmentally friendly bio-based polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bio-based isocyanate is L-lysine diisocyanate.

3. The environmentally friendly bio-based polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmentally friendly foaming agent is composed of cyclopentane, water, and a carrier molecular sieve in a mass ratio of 1:1-2:0.1-0.

25.

4. The environmentally friendly bio-based polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loaded molecular sieve is prepared by loading sodium percarbonate onto a molecular sieve and then coating it with a rosin pentaerythritol ester solution, wherein the mass ratio of the molecular sieve to the rosin pentaerythritol ester solution is 1:0.4-0.

8.

5. The environmentally friendly bio-based polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The degradation-promoting filler is composed of coated sucrose microparticles, lignin fibers, and fish bone powder in a mass ratio of 1:0.9-1.7:0.1-0.

3.

6. The environmentally friendly bio-based polyurethane foam according to claim 5, characterized in that, The coated sucrose microparticles are prepared by mixing sucrose microparticles and an ethyl cellulose solution in a mass ratio of 1:0.5-0.

8.

7. The environmentally friendly bio-based polyurethane foam according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lignin fiber carrier is prepared by bonding lignin fiber with polyvinyl alcohol-1799 solution after lignin fiber absorbs water, and the mass ratio of lignin fiber to polyvinyl alcohol-1799 solution is 1:0.5-1.

8. The environmentally friendly bio-based polyurethane foam according to claim 5, characterized in that, The carrier fish bone powder is prepared by mixing fish bone powder and polycaprolactone diol solution in a mass ratio of 1:0.5-1.

9. The environmentally friendly bio-based polyurethane foam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite polyol is composed of castor oil polyol and polycaprolactone polyol in a mass ratio of 3-6:

1.

10. A method for preparing an environmentally friendly bio-based polyurethane foam according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Mix the composite polyol, environmentally friendly foaming agent, catalyst, crosslinking agent, stabilizer, and degradation-promoting filler evenly to obtain component A; S2. Mix component A and component B evenly, treat at 36-40℃ for 30-50 minutes, then heat to 125-150℃ for 10-18 minutes to obtain a semi-finished product. S3. After demolding the semi-finished product, place it at room temperature for 20-28 hours to obtain the finished product.