Imitated natural fishway and construction method thereof
By incorporating a combination of channels, geotextiles, gabion layers, planting soil layers, aquatic plants, and boulders into the simulated natural fishway, the problem of easy erosion in the simulated natural fishway on steep slopes is solved, achieving stability and applicability under steep slopes.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511200321.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-11
AI Technical Summary
Existing simulated natural fishways are not suitable for steep slopes and are easily damaged by water erosion.
The design incorporates channels, geotextile, gabion layers, planting soil layers, and aquatic plants combined with boulders. The planting soil layer is fixed by the roots of the aquatic plants, and the boulders form a barrier to simulate a partition wall, enhancing the stability of the fishway.
By increasing the slope, the fishway is prevented from being eroded and damaged by the water flow. At the same time, the advantages of the partition wall of the technical fishway are combined, making it suitable for application scenarios with large slopes.
Smart Images
Figure CN120925469A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the technical field of fish passages in water conservancy and hydropower projects, and in particular to a natural-looking fish passage and its construction method. Background Technology
[0002] When weirs, sluices, dams, and other structures are built in river channels, the longitudinal connectivity of the river is disrupted. For fish that need to migrate, their migration routes are blocked, thus affecting their reproduction process. Fishways are passageways that help migratory fish to move upstream.
[0003] Common fishways are mainly divided into two categories: technical fishways and simulated natural fishways. Technical fishways include simple trough-type, Daniell-type, pool-type, and vertical slotted-type fishways. Technical fishways use artificial materials, have relatively uniform water flow patterns, are highly species-specific, cannot accommodate multiple species, and have weak integration with the natural river ecosystem.
[0004] Simulated fishways better mimic natural river channels, utilize more natural materials, and exhibit more complex and diverse flow patterns, thus meeting the migration needs of different species. However, current simulated fishways have very gentle slopes. Increasing the slope leads to increased water flow velocity, resulting in erosion and damage to the fishway, making them unsuitable for steep slope applications. Therefore, it is necessary to improve simulated fishways to make them suitable for steep slope applications. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a simulated natural fishway to solve the problem that existing simulated natural fishways are not suitable for applications with large slopes.
[0006] This application provides a simulated natural fishway, comprising a channel, geotextile, a gabion layer, a planting soil layer, aquatic plants, and boulder piers. The channel has a slope ratio of <1:10. The geotextile is laid on the channel. The gabion layer is placed on the geotextile. The planting soil layer is placed on the gabion layer. The aquatic plants are placed on the planting soil layer. Boulder piers are embedded in the gabion layer and the planting soil layer, with multiple boulder piers forming multiple boulder thresholds. Adjacent boulder thresholds form a pool chamber, with a water level difference of <0.2m between adjacent pool chambers, a water depth of >0.5m in the pool chamber, a boulder width of >0.8m, and a spacing of >1.5m between adjacent boulder thresholds.
[0007] Optionally, the channel includes a channel bottom and a slope, the channel bottom and the slope are connected, the gabion layer includes a first gabion layer and a second gabion layer, the first gabion layer and the second gabion layer abut against each other, the first gabion layer is disposed on the geotextile corresponding to the channel bottom, and the second gabion layer is disposed on the geotextile corresponding to the slope.
[0008] Optionally, the thickness of the first gabion layer and the thickness of the second gabion layer are the same.
[0009] Optionally, the planting soil layer includes a first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer and a second sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer, the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer and the second sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer are connected, the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer is disposed on the first gabion layer, and the second sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer is disposed on the second gabion layer.
[0010] Optionally, the thickness of the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer is staggered in the directions parallel to and perpendicular to the water flow.
[0011] Optionally, the aquatic plants include submerged plants and emergent plants, with the submerged plants planted on the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer and the emergent plants planted on the second sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer.
[0012] Optionally, the net spacing between adjacent stone blocks of the stone threshold is 0.2-0.5m.
[0013] Optionally, the stone pier is embedded in the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer and the first gabion layer.
[0014] Optionally, the total depth to which the boulders are embedded in the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer and the first gabion layer is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the height of the boulders.
[0015] This application also provides a method for constructing a simulated natural fishway, which is used to construct the simulated natural fishway, comprising:
[0016] Excavate the trench;
[0017] Geotextile was laid in the trench;
[0018] A gabion layer is laid on the geotextile and multiple gabion blocks are embedded in the gabion layer. Multiple gabion blocks form multiple gabion thresholds. Adjacent gabion thresholds form pool chambers. The water level difference between adjacent pool chambers is <0.2m, the water depth of the pool chamber is >0.5m, the width of the gabion blocks is >0.8m, and the spacing between adjacent gabion thresholds is >1.5m.
[0019] A planting soil layer is placed on top of the gabion layer;
[0020] Aquatic plants are planted in the soil layer.
[0021] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: It involves setting up channels, geotextile, gabion layers, planting soil layers, aquatic plants, and boulder piers. The channel slope ratio is <1:10. Geotextile is laid on the channel. The gabion layer is placed on the geotextile. The planting soil layer is placed on the gabion layer. The aquatic plants are placed on the planting soil layer. Boulder piers are placed on the gabion layer and the planting soil layer. Multiple boulder piers form multiple boulder thresholds, adjacent boulder thresholds form pool chambers, the water level difference between adjacent pool chambers is <0.2m, the water depth of the pool chambers is >0.5m, the width of the boulder piers is >0.8m, and the spacing between adjacent boulder thresholds is >1.5m.
[0022] By setting up geotextile, gabion layers, planting soil layers, and boulders, and planting aquatic plants in the planting soil layer, the root systems of the aquatic plants can fix the planting soil layer, preventing it from being eroded by water flow. When the slope of the simulated natural fishway is increased, the fishway is still not easily destroyed by water flow. At the same time, the boulders formed by multiple boulders are similar to the partition walls in technical fishways, combining the advantages of technical fishways and simulated natural fishways. Therefore, it can be applied to application scenarios with large slopes.
[0023] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, the following describes the application in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description
[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a simulated natural fishway in one embodiment of this application;
[0025] Figure 2 This is a top view of a simulated natural fishway in one embodiment of this application;
[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section of a simulated natural fishway in one embodiment of this application.
[0027] In the attached figures, the following labels are used:
[0028] 100 channel
[0029] 1000 Tank Bottom
[0030] 1001 Slope
[0031] 101 Geotextile
[0032] 102 Gabion Layer
[0033] 1020 First gabion layer
[0034] 1021 Second gabion layer
[0035] 103 Planting Soil Layer
[0036] 1030 First layer of sand and gravel mixed planting soil
[0037] 1031 Second layer of sand and gravel mixed planting soil
[0038] 104 Aquatic Plants
[0039] 1040 Submerged Plants
[0040] 1041 Emergent plants
[0041] 1050 Manshidun Detailed Implementation
[0042] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification.
[0043] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application.
[0044] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.
[0045] It should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.
[0046] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a simulated natural fishway, including a channel 100, geotextile 101, gabion layer 102, planting soil layer 103, aquatic plants 104, and boulder piers 1050. The slope ratio of the channel 100 is <1:10. The geotextile 101 is laid on the channel 100, the gabion layer 102 is placed on the geotextile 101, the planting soil layer 103 is placed on the gabion layer 102, the aquatic plants 104 are placed on the planting soil layer 103, and the boulder piers 1050 are embedded in the gabion layer 102 and the planting soil layer 103. Multiple boulder piers 1050 form multiple boulder thresholds, and adjacent boulder thresholds form a pool chamber. The water level difference between adjacent pool chambers is <0.2m, the water depth of the pool chamber is >0.5m, the width of the boulder pier 1050 is >0.8m, and the spacing between adjacent boulder thresholds is >1.5m.
[0047] By setting up geotextile 101, gabion layer 102, planting soil layer 103 and boulders 1050, and placing aquatic plants 104 in the planting soil layer 103, the planting soil layer 103 can be fixed by the root system of the aquatic plants 104, which can prevent the planting soil layer 103 from being washed away by water flow. When the slope of the simulated natural fishway is increased, the fishway is still not easily destroyed by water flow. At the same time, the boulders formed by multiple boulders 1050 are similar to the partition walls in technical fishways, combining the advantages of technical fishways and simulated natural fishways. Therefore, it can be applied to application scenarios with large slopes.
[0048] A simulated fishway is an engineering structure that mimics the migratory channels of fish in their natural environment. It helps fish overcome obstacles such as dams, migrate smoothly, and complete life activities such as reproduction and foraging. By controlling the slope, flow rate, and water depth, simulated fishways can accommodate the swimming abilities of different fish species (e.g., eels require a slow current).
[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, optionally, the cross-section of the channel 100 is preferably trapezoidal. The geotextile 101 is a needle-punched nonwoven geotextile made of polyester, polypropylene, nylon, vinylon, or polyethylene. The geotextile 101 covers the entire channel 100. The gabion layer 102 can be formed by placing river pebbles into wire mesh or lead wire mesh boxes. The gabion layer 102 is placed on the geotextile 101. The gabion layer 102 serves to prevent erosion. For the specific composition of the planting soil layer 103, please refer to the subsequent description of the embodiment.
[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, optionally, the planting soil layer 103 is placed on the gabion layer 102. Aquatic plants 104 are planted on the planting soil layer 103. For the specific composition of the aquatic plants 104, please refer to the subsequent content of the embodiment. The gabion pier 1050 is a natural gabion or a wire mesh gabion pier. The gabion pier 1050 is columnar in shape. The simulated natural fishway consists of a channel 100, geotextile 101, gabion layer 102, planting soil layer 103, aquatic plants 104, and gabion pier 1050. The water flow in the fishway is continuous, with a flow velocity <1.2 m / s.
[0051] Please also refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 Optionally, the channel 100 includes a channel bottom 1000 and a slope 1001, which are connected. The gabion layer 102 includes a first gabion layer 1020 and a second gabion layer 1021, which abut against each other. The first gabion layer 1020 is placed on the geotextile 101 corresponding to the channel bottom 1000, and the second gabion layer 1021 is placed on the geotextile 101 corresponding to the slope 1001. The gabion layer 102 serves a fixing function.
[0052] Please also refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 Optionally, there can be two slopes 1001. The slope ratio of slope 1001 is (the slope ratio of slope 1001 is...). Figure 1 The tanα corresponding to the midpoint angle α is preferably 1:1. The slope ratio (i.e., slope) refers to the ratio of the vertical height of the slope to the horizontal distance corresponding to the vertical projection of the slope, the same below. The two side slopes 1001 are connected to both sides of the bottom of the trench 1000 respectively, specifically by excavating the riverbank to connect the bottom of the trench 1000 and the side slopes 1001 as a whole.
[0053] Please also refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The width of the trough bottom 1000 is greater than 2m. The slope ratio of the trough bottom 1000 is (the slope ratio of the trough bottom 1000 is...). Figure 3 The angle β (tanβ, where β is the slope angle) is less than 1:10. The first gabion layer 1020 is placed on the geotextile 101 corresponding to the bottom of the trench 1000. The first gabion layer 1020 is rectangular in shape and is arranged in a direction parallel to the bottom of the trench 1000. The second gabion layer 1021 is placed on the geotextile 101 corresponding to the slope 1001.
[0054] Please also refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The second gabion layer 1021 is arranged at an angle relative to the first gabion layer 1020, and the second gabion layer 1021 is generally rectangular. There are two second gabion layers 1021, and the two second gabion layers 1021 abut against the two sides of the first gabion layer 1020 respectively.
[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, optionally, the thickness of the first gabion layer 1020 is the same as the thickness of the second gabion layer 1021. With this configuration, the first gabion layer 1020 and the second gabion layer 1021 can be made using wire mesh cages of the same specifications (e.g., the same length, width, and height), avoiding excessive cutting of the wire mesh cages and facilitating on-site construction of the gabion layer 102. The thickness of the first gabion layer 1020 and the second gabion layer 1021 is preferably 500 mm.
[0056] The gabion layer 102 serves to stabilize and dissipate energy, protecting the riverbed and slopes from scouring and preventing collapse. Simultaneously, the rough surface and varying sizes of the stones create uneven gaps, resulting in more diverse hydraulic configurations that are closer to natural features, thus improving fish passage efficiency.
[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, optionally, the planting soil layer 103 includes a first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1030 and a second sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1031. The first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1030 and the second sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1031 are connected. The first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1030 is set on the first gabion layer 1020, and the second sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1031 is set on the second gabion layer 1021. The first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1030 and the second sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1031 are integrally laid and connected.
[0058] like Figure 1 As shown, optionally, the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1030 is laid on the first gabion layer 1020. The first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1030 is arranged in a direction parallel to the bottom of the trench 1000. The thickness of the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1030 is 200-400mm.
[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, optionally, a second sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1031 is laid on the second gabion layer 1021. The second sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1031 is arranged at an angle relative to the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1030. The thickness of the second sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1031 is 200mm. There are two second sand and gravel mixed planting soil layers 1031, and the two second sand and gravel mixed planting soil layers 1031 are respectively connected to both sides of the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1030. The sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer (including the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1030 and the second sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1031, the same below) is a plant growth substrate layer with good permeability and stable structure formed by mixing sand, gravel and planting soil in a certain proportion.
[0060] A mixed planting soil layer of sand and gravel combines permeability and water retention, which is beneficial for plant root development. Sand and gravel can help fix plant roots and stabilize the soil layer, while also increasing roughness to provide a rich flow zone.
[0061] Please also refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3Optionally, the thickness of the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1030 varies both parallel and perpendicular to the water flow. This arrangement creates water flow zones of varying depths, regulating water velocity and turbulence to suit the migratory needs of different fish species. The staggered arrangement means that the thickness of the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1030 is unevenly distributed to create water flow zones of varying depths. Parallel to the water flow direction, as shown... Figure 2 As shown by the vertical arrow in the image, the direction perpendicular to the water flow is as follows: Figure 2 As shown by the horizontal arrow in the image.
[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, optionally, the aquatic plants 104 include submerged plants 1040 and emergent plants 1041. Submerged plants 1040 are planted on the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1030, and emergent plants 1041 are planted on the second sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1031. The separate planting of submerged plants 1040 and emergent plants 1041 enriches the flow pattern, increases water oxygen levels, and reduces siltation, creating a favorable ecological environment for fishways. The arrangement of emergent plants 1041 also provides fish with more migration route options. The submerged plants 1040 are preferably *Vallisneria natans* or *Hydrilla verticillata*. The emergent plants 1041 are preferably *Typha or Reed*. The upright stems of the emergent plants 1041 can act as a diversion and guide, and the gaps between them can form suitable flow velocity zones, providing fish with more migration route options.
[0063] like Figure 1 As shown, optionally, each rock sill includes multiple rock blocks 1050 spaced apart along the width of the channel. The net distance d between adjacent rock blocks 1050 is 0.2-0.5m, and the distance between adjacent rock blocks 1050 is small enough to significantly reduce the kinetic energy of the water flow and form chambers. The height of each rock block 1050 is above the water surface. Multiple rock sills are spaced apart along a direction parallel to the water flow to form multiple chambers. The water depth of each chamber is 0.6-1.0m, and the water level difference between adjacent chambers is less than 0.2m. The distance between adjacent rock sills is 2-4m. The height of each rock block 1050 is 1.2-1.8m, and the width of each rock block 1050 is >0.8m. Submerged plants 1040 are placed between the rock blocks 1050.
[0064] like Figure 1 As shown, optionally, the boulder pier 1050 is embedded in the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1030 and the first gabion layer 1020, achieving a double-layer structure for fixing the boulder pier 1050, making the fixation of the boulder pier 1050 more stable. The bottom of the boulder pier 1050 is embedded in the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1030 and the first gabion layer 1020. In specific applications, some stones in the first gabion layer 1020 can be removed to form a pit, the boulder pier 1050 can be embedded in the pit, and then the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1030 can be laid.
[0065] like Figure 1 As shown, optionally, the total depth to which the boulder 1050 is embedded in the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1030 and the first gabion layer 1020 is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the height of the boulder 1050. This arrangement ensures that the boulder 1050 is embedded deep enough to stably fix it in place. The depth to which the boulder 1050 is embedded in the first gabion layer 1020 is 0.3-0.4m.
[0066] Please also refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 In another embodiment, a method for constructing a simulated natural fishway is provided, which is used to construct the simulated natural fishway in the aforementioned embodiments, comprising:
[0067] S1: Excavate a trench 100mm wide;
[0068] S2: Lay geotextile 101 in channel 100;
[0069] S3: A gabion layer 102 is laid on the geotextile 101, and multiple gabion blocks 1050 are embedded into the gabion layer 102. The multiple gabion blocks 1050 form multiple gabion thresholds, and adjacent gabion thresholds form pool chambers. The water level difference between adjacent pool chambers is <0.2m.
[0070] Depth > 0.5m, width of the stone pier > 0.8m, spacing between adjacent stone piers > 1.5m;
[0071] S4: Set up a planting soil layer 103 on the gabion layer 102;
[0072] S5: Plant aquatic plants 104 in the planting soil layer 103.
[0073] Through steps S1-S5, the planting soil layer 103 can be prevented from being washed away by water. When the slope of the simulated natural fishway is increased, the fishway is still not easily damaged by water erosion. At the same time, the stone threshold formed by multiple stone blocks 1050 is similar to the partition wall in the technical fishway, combining the advantages of technical fishway and simulated natural fishway. Therefore, it can be applied to application scenarios with large slopes.
[0074] Step S1 includes excavating and compacting the trench 100. Step S2 includes laying geotextile 101 at the bottom 1000 and the slope 1001 of the trench.
[0075] Step S3 includes laying a first gabion layer 1020 on the geotextile 101 corresponding to the bottom of the trench 1000 and embedding the boulders 1050 therein, and laying a second gabion layer 1021 on the geotextile 101 corresponding to the slope 1001.
[0076] Step S4 includes laying a first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1030 on the first gabion layer 1020 and laying a second sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer 1031 on the second gabion layer 1021.
[0077] Step S5 includes planting submerged plants 1040 in the first gravel-pebble mixed planting soil layer 1030 and emerging plants 1041 in the second gravel-pebble mixed planting soil layer 1031.
[0078] In this embodiment, the range connected by "-" includes both endpoints. For example, 1.2-1.8m means greater than or equal to 1.2 meters and less than or equal to 1.8 meters. 1 / 3-1 / 2 means greater than or equal to 1 / 3 and less than or equal to 1 / 2.
[0079] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of the simulated natural fishway and its construction method provided in the embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, based on the ideas of the embodiments of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application. All equivalent modifications or changes made based on the spirit and technical concept of this application should still be covered by the claims of this application.
Claims
1. A simulated natural fishway, characterized in that, include: The channel has a slope ratio of <1:10; Geotextile, which is laid in the channel; A gabion layer is placed on the geotextile; A planting soil layer is set on the gabion layer; Aquatic plants, which are placed on the planting soil layer; Stone blocks are embedded in the gabion layer and the planting soil layer. Multiple stone blocks form multiple stone thresholds. Adjacent stone thresholds form pools. The water level difference between adjacent pools is <0.2m, the water depth of the pool is >0.5m, the width of the stone blocks is >0.8m, and the distance between adjacent stone thresholds is >1.5m.
2. The simulated natural fishway according to claim 1, characterized in that, The channel includes a bottom and a slope, the bottom and the slope are connected, the gabion layer includes a first gabion layer and a second gabion layer, the first gabion layer and the second gabion layer abut against each other, the first gabion layer is placed on the geotextile corresponding to the bottom of the channel, and the second gabion layer is placed on the geotextile corresponding to the slope.
3. The simulated natural fishway according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the first gabion layer is the same as the thickness of the second gabion layer.
4. The simulated natural fishway according to claim 2, characterized in that, The planting soil layer includes a first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer and a second sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer. The first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer and the second sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer are connected. The first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer is set on the first gabion layer, and the second sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer is set on the second gabion layer.
5. The simulated natural fishway according to claim 4, characterized in that, The thickness of the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer is staggered in both directions parallel and perpendicular to the water flow.
6. The simulated natural fishway according to claim 4, characterized in that, The aquatic plants include submerged plants and emergent plants. The submerged plants are planted on the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer, and the emergent plants are planted on the second sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer.
7. The simulated natural fishway according to claim 4, characterized in that, The net distance between adjacent stone blocks of the stone threshold is 0.2-0.5m.
8. The simulated natural fishway according to claim 7, characterized in that, The stone blocks are embedded in the first layer of mixed sand and gravel planting soil and the first gabion layer.
9. The simulated natural fishway according to claim 8, characterized in that, The total depth to which the boulder is embedded in the first sand and gravel mixed planting soil layer and the first gabion layer is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the height of the boulder.
10. A method for constructing a simulated natural fishway, used to build a simulated natural fishway according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: Excavate the trench; Geotextile was laid in the trench; A gabion layer is laid on the geotextile and multiple gabion blocks are embedded in the gabion layer. Multiple gabion blocks form multiple gabion thresholds. Adjacent gabion thresholds form pool chambers. The water level difference between adjacent pool chambers is <0.2m, the water depth of the pool chamber is >0.5m, the width of the gabion blocks is >0.8m, and the spacing between adjacent gabion thresholds is >1.5m. A planting soil layer is placed on top of the gabion layer; Aquatic plants are planted in the soil layer.