Shield tunneling machine and propelling method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and discloses a shield tunneling machine and a propelling method. The screw rod is arranged in the barrel structure of the shield body; the front end of the screw directly faces a tunnel face; the first telescopic piece is connected with the barrel structure and drives the screw to stretch and retract front and back through the barrel structure. The power structure is arranged on the shield body and connected with the rear end of the screw, and the power structure is suitable for driving the screw to rotate. The screw rod is combined with the first telescopic piece and the power structure, so that the screw rod is inserted into the soil body of the front tunnel face to form the anti-pulling screw rod pile, the shield body can be driven to advance forwards in a spiral advancing mode, and the problem that in the prior art, when a prefabricated concrete pipe joint is not adopted, complete machine advancing forward power is difficult to provide for the shield tunneling machine is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically to a tunnel boring machine and its propulsion method. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel boring machines (TBMs) play an important role in the construction of highway tunnels, railway tunnels, coal mines, and some water conservancy tunnels in relatively stable surrounding rock.

[0003] When constructing railway or highway tunnels in the strata of northern Shaanxi, the strata are generally stable loess or collapsible loess. Because the strata in northern Shaanxi are mostly soft soil with weak bearing capacity, it is impossible to use the support shoes of an open-face TBM to press into the rock strata and rely on the friction between the support shoes and the rock wall to provide forward propulsion. For the strata in northern Shaanxi, conventional tunnel boring machines (TBMs) can be used.

[0004] For conventional tunnel boring machines (TBMs), propulsion cylinders are typically used to support precast concrete pipe sections assembled into rings, providing the propulsion power for the entire TBM to move forward. However, when anchor-sprayed, arch-anchor-sprayed, or thin concrete linings are used as permanent support behind the TBM, it becomes difficult to provide the propulsion power for the entire TBM without the use of precast concrete pipe sections. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides an improved tunnel boring machine and propulsion method to solve the problem that when anchor spraying, arch anchor spraying or thin concrete lining or other support forms are selected as permanent support behind the tunnel boring machine, it is difficult to provide the tunnel boring machine with the propulsion power of the whole machine when precast concrete pipe sections are no longer used.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a tunnel boring machine, comprising:

[0007] shield;

[0008] The screw is partially housed within the cylindrical structure inside the shield body; the front end of the screw faces the working face.

[0009] A first telescopic component is connected to the cylindrical structure, and the first telescopic component is adapted to drive the screw to extend and retract back and forth through the cylindrical structure;

[0010] A power structure is mounted on the shield body and connected to the rear end of the screw. The power structure is adapted to drive the screw to rotate. Beneficial effects: This application adopts the above technical solution. By combining the screw with the first telescopic member and the power structure, the screw can be inserted into the soil at the front face to form an anti-pull-out screw pile. This allows the shield body to be propelled forward in a helical manner, solving the problem that it is difficult to provide the tunnel boring machine with the overall propulsion power when precast concrete pipe sections are not used.

[0011] Optionally, a ball joint mechanism is provided between the cylindrical structure and the screw; at least four first telescopic members are provided on the outer periphery of the cylindrical structure; the tunnel boring machine is adapted to adjust the direction of the front end of the screw by adjusting the telescopic amount of different first telescopic members, thereby achieving control over the turning and slope changes of the tunnel's central axis. Beneficial effects: This application adopts the above technical solution, which facilitates the adjustment of the direction of the screw's front end, thereby achieving overall directional adjustment of the tunnel boring machine, and thus achieving control over the turning and slope changes of the tunnel's central axis.

[0012] Optionally, a grouting hole is provided at the center of the screw rod; the grouting hole extends through the front end of the screw rod, and a grouting hole communicating with the outside is also provided on the outer periphery of the screw rod itself; the tail end of the screw rod is adapted to be connected to a grouting mechanism, and the grouting mechanism is adapted to inject mortar into the soil at the tunnel face through the grouting hole. Beneficial effects: By adopting the above technical solution, when the soil at the tunnel face is soft, mortar is injected to reinforce the soil at the tunnel face, improve the pull-out resistance of the screw rod, and provide reliable propulsion force for the tunnel boring machine.

[0013] Optionally, the power structure includes:

[0014] An electric motor, suitable for providing rotational power;

[0015] The transmission box connects the rear end of the motor and the screw.

[0016] Optionally, it also includes:

[0017] The second telescopic component is located at the front end of the shield body;

[0018] An insert plate is connected to the second telescopic member; the insert plate is adapted to abut against the working face at its front end when the second telescopic member extends forward;

[0019] A baffle, one end of which is rotatably connected to the front end of the insert plate;

[0020] The third telescopic member has one end rotatably connected to the baffle near the other end, and the other end rotatably connected to the insert plate near the rear end. The third telescopic member is adapted to push the baffle to rotate and press against the working face when the front end of the insert plate abuts against the working face. Beneficial effect: This application adopts the above technical solution, using a baffle to protect the exposed working face and prevent large-scale collapse.

[0021] Optionally, the first telescopic component, the second telescopic component, and the third telescopic component are all hydraulic cylinders.

[0022] Optionally, it also includes:

[0023] An excavation and muck removal mechanism is installed on the shield body; the excavation and muck removal mechanism is suitable for excavating the working face and transporting the muck to the outside.

[0024] Optionally, the excavation and muck removal mechanism includes:

[0025] A drive unit is disposed within the shield body, the drive unit being adapted to provide rotational power;

[0026] A slewing support is rotatably connected to the front of the shield body, and the slewing support is connected to the drive component; the slewing support is adapted to rotate with the rotation of the drive component;

[0027] An excavating arm is connected to the slewing bearing; the excavating arm is adapted to perform excavation operations as the slewing bearing rotates.

[0028] A conveyor, located at the bottom of the shield body, is adapted to transfer the excavated soil from the excavator arm to the outside.

[0029] Optionally, the excavating arm includes: a backhoe bucket, a digging arm, a digging boom, and a telescopic cylinder connected in sequence.

[0030] Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for advancing a tunnel boring machine, the tunnel boring machine comprising:

[0031] The power structure drives the screw to rotate, and the first telescopic component drives the screw to extend forward and insert into the working face to form an anti-pull-out screw pile;

[0032] The first telescopic component extends forward, causing the shield to move forward;

[0033] The power structure drives the screw to rotate, and the first telescopic component drives the screw to extend forward and insert into the tunnel face, increasing the depth of the screw's insertion into the soil of the tunnel face. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel boring machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the tunnel boring machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a front view structural diagram of the tunnel boring machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel boring machine construction process provided in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel boring machine construction process provided in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel boring machine construction process provided in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 3 .

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0042] 1. Shield body; 2. Screw; 3. Cylinder structure; 4. First telescopic component; 5. Ball joint mechanism; 6. Motor; 7. Transmission box; 8. Second telescopic component; 9. Insert plate; 10. Baffle; 11. Third telescopic component; 12. Slewing bearing; 13. Excavator arm; 14. Conveyor; 15. Support column; 16. Drive component; 17. Working face; 18. Grouting hole; 19. Reinforced area; 20. Anchor bolt support. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 6 One specific embodiment of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) shown includes: a shield body 1, a screw 2, a first telescopic member 4, and a power structure. The TBM described in this application is an open-type TBM. The screw 2, the first telescopic member 4, and the power structure together constitute a helical propulsion mechanism. At the rear of the TBM, anchor-sprayed support, arch-anchor-sprayed support, or thin concrete lining can be used as permanent support. Specifically, the TBM described in this application no longer uses precast concrete pipe sections for support; firstly, to stabilize waterless highway tunnels; and secondly, for temporary mining roadways in coal mines, simple arch-anchor mesh support is sufficient to meet the support requirements.

[0045] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, a portion of the screw 2 is disposed within the cylindrical structure 3 inside the shield body 1; specifically, the rear part of the screw 2 may be partially disposed within the cylindrical structure 3. The front end of the screw 2 faces the working face 17. The screw 2 is adapted to be inserted into the soil of the working face 17 to form an anti-pull-out screw pile. The first telescopic member 4 is connected to the cylindrical structure 3, and the first telescopic member 4 is adapted to drive the screw 2 to extend and retract back and forth through the cylindrical structure 3. The power structure is disposed on the shield body 1, and the power structure is connected to the rear end of the screw 2, and the power structure is adapted to drive the screw 2 to rotate. Figure 6 As shown, anchor bolts are used for support at the rear of the tunnel boring machine.

[0046] Furthermore, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a ball joint mechanism 5 is provided between the cylindrical structure 3 and the screw 2; at least four first telescopic members 4 are provided on the outer periphery of the cylindrical structure 3; the tunnel boring machine is adapted to adjust the direction of the front end of the screw 2 by adjusting the telescopic amount of different first telescopic members 4, thereby achieving control over the turning and slope changes of the tunnel's central axis. Multiple first telescopic members 4 are evenly distributed around the cylindrical structure 3. When the number of first telescopic members 4 is four, the extension amount of the first telescopic members 4 in the up, down, left, and right directions can be adjusted as needed to adjust the direction of the front end of the screw 2.

[0047] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, a grouting hole 18 is provided at the center of the screw rod 2; the grouting hole 18 extends through the front end of the screw rod 2, and grouting holes 18 communicating with the outside are also provided on the outer periphery of the screw rod 2 itself. The tail end of the screw rod 2 is adapted to be connected to a grouting mechanism, which is adapted to inject mortar into the soil of the tunnel face 17 through the grouting hole 18. When the soil of the tunnel face 17 is soft, the soil of the tunnel face 17 is reinforced by injecting mortar, forming a reinforced area 19, improving the pull-out resistance of the screw rod 2, and providing reliable propulsion force for the tunnel boring machine.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, specifically, the power structure includes a motor 6 and a transmission housing 7. The motor 6 is adapted to provide rotational power. The transmission housing 7 connects the motor 6 and the rear end of the screw 2.

[0049] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the tunnel boring machine described in this application further includes: a second telescopic member 8, an insert plate 9, a baffle plate 10, and a third telescopic member 11. The second telescopic member 8 is disposed at the front end of the shield body 1. The insert plate 9 is connected to the second telescopic member 8; the insert plate 9 is adapted to abut against the working face 17 when the second telescopic member 8 extends forward. The insert plate 9 also retracts when the second telescopic member 8 retracts. One end of the baffle plate 10 is rotatably connected to the front end of the insert plate 9. One end of the third telescopic member 11 is rotatably connected to the baffle plate 10 near the other end, and the other end of the third telescopic member 11 is rotatably connected to the insert plate 9 near the rear end; the third telescopic member 11 is adapted to push the baffle plate 10 to rotate and fit against the working face 17 when the front end of the insert plate 9 abuts against the working face 17. There can be multiple baffle plates 10 evenly distributed around the central axis of the tunnel boring machine, and there can also be multiple corresponding third telescopic members 11. When the third telescopic member 11 extends forward, the baffle 10 extends and rotates to fit and press against the working face 17; when the third telescopic member 11 retracts, the baffle 10 retracts and folds.

[0050] Specifically, the first telescopic component 4, the second telescopic component 8, and the third telescopic component 11 are all hydraulic cylinders.

[0051] The tunnel boring machine described in this application further includes: an excavation and muck removal mechanism, which is installed on the shield body 1; the excavation and muck removal mechanism is adapted to perform excavation operations on the working face 17 and transport the muck to the outside.

[0052] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the excavation and muck removal mechanism includes: a drive component 16, a slewing support 12, an excavating arm 13, and a conveyor 14. The drive component 16 is disposed within the shield body 1 and is adapted to provide rotational power. The drive component 16 can be mounted on a support column 15 provided within the shield body 1. The slewing support 12 is rotatably connected to the front of the shield body 1 and is connected to the drive component 16; the slewing support 12 is adapted to rotate with the drive component 16. The slewing support 12 can be spaced outwards from the screw 2. The excavating arm 13 is connected to the slewing support 12; the excavating arm 13 is adapted to perform excavation operations when rotating with the slewing support 12. The conveyor 14 is disposed at the bottom within the shield body 1 and is adapted to transport the excavated muck from the excavating arm 13 to the outside.

[0053] More specifically, the excavating arm 13 includes: a backhoe bucket, a digging forearm, a digging boom, and a telescopic cylinder connected in sequence. The digging boom is rotatably connected to the slewing support 12. The telescopic cylinder includes: a first telescopic cylinder and a second telescopic cylinder. One end of the first telescopic cylinder is fixed to the slewing support 12, and the other end of the first telescopic cylinder is rotatably connected to the end of the digging boom away from the slewing support 12. One end of the digging forearm is rotatably connected to the end of the digging boom away from the slewing support 12. One end of the second telescopic cylinder is fixed to the digging boom, and the other end of the second telescopic cylinder is rotatably connected to the end of the digging forearm away from the digging boom. The other end of the digging forearm is connected to the backhoe bucket.

[0054] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the working process of the tunnel boring machine described in this application is briefly described below.

[0055] I. Screw pile formation: The screw 2 rotates under the drive of the power structure and is inserted into the soil of the face 17 in front under the action of the first telescopic member 4, forming an anti-pull-out screw pile.

[0056] 2. Excavation and muck removal: The excavator arm 13 rotates to excavate the working face 17, and the muck is transported to the rear by the conveyor 14.

[0057] 3. Extend the insert plate 9 and baffle 10 to protect the exposed working face 17 and prevent large-scale collapse.

[0058] IV. Forward Advancement: Using the anti-pull-out screw pile formed by the screw 2, the first telescopic member 4 extends forward, driving the tunnel boring machine to move forward. At this time, the second telescopic member 8 drives the insert plate 9 to retract, and the first telescopic member 4 naturally retracts forward.

[0059] 5. Change of steps: The first telescopic component 4 continues to extend forward, while the power structure drives the screw 2 to rotate, increasing the depth of the screw 2 inserted into the soil.

[0060] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, this application also proposes a method for advancing a tunnel boring machine (TBM), which includes the following steps:

[0061] S1. The power structure drives the screw 2 to rotate, and the first telescopic member 4 drives the screw 2 to extend forward and insert into the face 17 to form an anti-pull-out screw pile;

[0062] S2. The first telescopic component 4 extends forward, causing the shield body 1 to move forward;

[0063] S3. The power structure drives the screw 2 to rotate, and the first telescopic component 4 drives the screw 2 to continue to extend forward and insert into the working face 17, increasing the depth of the screw 2 inserted into the soil of the working face 17.

[0064] By repeating steps S2 and S3, the tunnel boring machine can gradually advance forward.

[0065] like Figure 6 As shown, anchor bolts are used for support at the rear of the tunnel boring machine.

[0066] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A tunnel boring machine, characterized in that, include: shield(1); The screw (2) is partially disposed inside the cylindrical structure (3) inside the shield body (1); the front end of the screw (2) faces the working face (17); The first telescopic component (4) is connected to the cylindrical structure (3), and the first telescopic component (4) is adapted to drive the screw (2) to extend and retract back and forth through the cylindrical structure (3); A power structure is provided on the shield body (1) and the power structure is connected to the rear end of the screw (2). The power structure is adapted to drive the screw (2) to rotate.

2. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, A ball joint mechanism (5) is provided between the cylindrical structure (3) and the screw (2); at least four first telescopic members (4) are provided on the outer periphery of the cylindrical structure (3); the tunnel boring machine is adapted to adjust the direction of the front end of the screw (2) by adjusting the telescopic amount of different first telescopic members (4), thereby realizing the control of turning and changing slope of the tunnel center axis.

3. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, A grouting hole (18) is provided at the center of the screw (2); the grouting hole (18) extends through the front end of the screw (2), and a grouting hole (18) communicating with the outside is also provided on the outer periphery of the screw (2); the tail end of the screw (2) is adapted to be connected to a grouting mechanism, and the grouting mechanism is adapted to inject mortar into the soil of the working face (17) through the grouting hole (18).

4. The tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The power structure includes: Motor (6), suitable for providing rotational power; The transmission box (7) connects the rear end of the motor (6) and the screw (2).

5. The tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Also includes: The second telescopic component (8) is disposed at the front end of the shield body (1); Insert plate (9) is connected to the second telescopic member (8); the insert plate (9) is adapted to abut against the working face (17) at its front end when the second telescopic member (8) extends forward; One end of the baffle (10) is rotatably connected to the front end of the insert plate (9); The third telescopic member (11) is rotatably connected at one end to the baffle (10) near the other end, and the other end of the third telescopic member (11) is rotatably connected to the insert plate (9) near the rear end; the third telescopic member (11) is adapted to push the baffle (10) to rotate and fit against the working face (17) when the front end of the insert plate (9) abuts against the working face (17).

6. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first telescopic component (4), the second telescopic component (8), and the third telescopic component (11) are all hydraulic cylinders.

7. The tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Also includes: The excavation and slag removal mechanism is installed on the shield body (1); the excavation and slag removal mechanism is suitable for excavating the face (17) and transporting the slag to the outside.

8. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 7, characterized in that, The excavation and slag removal mechanism includes: A drive element (16) is disposed inside the shield body (1), the drive element (16) being adapted to provide rotational power; A slewing support (12) is rotatably connected to the front of the shield body (1), and the slewing support (12) is connected to the drive member (16); the slewing support (12) is adapted to rotate with the rotation of the drive member (16); The excavating arm (13) is connected to the slewing support (12); the excavating arm (13) is adapted to perform excavation operations as the slewing support (12) rotates; A conveyor (14) is installed at the bottom inside the shield (1) and is adapted to transport the excavated soil excavated by the excavator arm (13) to the outside.

9. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 8, characterized in that, The excavating arm (13) includes: a backhoe bucket, a digging arm, a digging boom, and a telescopic cylinder connected in sequence.

10. A method for advancing a tunnel boring machine (TBM), using the TBM according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: The power structure drives the screw (2) to rotate, and the first telescopic member (4) drives the screw (2) to extend forward and insert into the face (17) to form an anti-pull-out screw pile; The first telescopic component (4) extends forward, driving the shield body (1) to move forward; The power structure drives the screw (2) to rotate, and the first telescopic component (4) drives the screw (2) to continue to extend forward and insert into the face (17), increasing the depth of the screw (2) inserted into the soil of the face (17).

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