Device and method for testing influence of cold waves and strong wind in water transfer project

Abstract

The invention discloses a cold and strong wind influence test device and method for a water transfer project, the device comprises a heat preservation chamber, refrigeration equipment, a circulating water tank device, a turbine propeller and an annular air duct, and the refrigeration equipment comprises fixed-power refrigeration equipment installed in the heat preservation chamber and temporary adjustable refrigeration equipment composed of liquid nitrogen and an evaporator. The device can simulate the influence effects of strong wind, leeward, low temperature and the like on the windward side of the aqueduct in the cold wave period at relatively low cost, tests the processes of temperature drop, ice slag starting, explosion and the like according to the time of a certain section of water body in the water tank under specified hydraulic conditions and boundary environments, whether heat preservation exists or not and in different heat preservation forms, and is close to real environmental conditions; the cold-proof and ice-damage-preventing capability of the water body passing through the long-distance and large-span aqueduct is simulated, a good test effect is obtained, and the research requirement for water transfer operation of hydraulic structures such as the aqueduct in winter is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, specifically relating to a test device and test method for the impact of cold waves and strong winds on water diversion projects. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, a type of annular water tank is frequently used in water flow research equipment. It is mainly used for: (1) promoting the movement of water and sand; (2) aeration and oxygenation; and (3) simulating the impact of ship waves on the riverbed. Generally, the research equipment combines a water flow propeller and an annular water tank to obtain water flow velocity and water flow time effect in an annular shape.

[0003] In the field of winter water diversion operation technology for hydraulic structures such as aqueducts, it is necessary to consider the impact of factors such as temperature loss of structures and water bodies under the influence of strong winds and cold waves, and the formation of ice slag. Existing water flow research equipment has limitations and cannot be used to study insulation and windproof measures and their effects, therefore improvements are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a test device and test method for the impact of cold waves and strong winds on water diversion projects. By designing a ring-shaped air duct and evaporator and other mechanisms, it simulates the effects of strong winds, leeward winds and low temperatures on the windward side of the aqueduct during cold waves. It is easy to build and operate and has strong practicality.

[0005] Technical Solution: To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention proposes the following technical solution: A test device for the impact of cold waves and strong winds on water diversion projects, comprising: The insulation room is equipped with refrigeration equipment, which includes a fixed-power refrigeration unit, a temporary adjustable refrigeration unit consisting of liquid nitrogen and an evaporator. The fixed-power refrigeration unit includes an indoor unit, an outdoor unit of the insulation room, and an outdoor unit of the refrigeration unit connected to the indoor unit. A circulating water tank device is installed inside an insulated room. The circulating water tank device includes an annular water tank. The turbine propulsion unit is located within an annular water tank. The annular air duct is located directly above, to the side or bottom of the windward side of the annular water tank. Its structure is the same as that of the annular water tank. The annular air duct is equipped with a fan and an air outlet. Preferably, the annular water tank is made of concrete, and temperature and humidity sensors are installed at different thicknesses within the concrete. A flow meter is installed on the annular water tank, and several cameras for monitoring the annular water tank are installed outside the annular water tank. Anemometers are arranged at multiple locations inside the annular air duct. The device also includes a data acquisition unit and a main controller. Temperature and humidity sensors, flow meters, and anemometers are all connected to the data acquisition unit; the main controller is connected to the data acquisition unit and the camera.

[0006] Preferably, the annular water tank is provided with a movable heat-insulating cover and heat-insulating plates on the sides or bottom.

[0007] Preferably, the annular water tank includes two opposing straight sections connected to two arc-shaped sections, and a turbine propeller is disposed within the straight section at the connection point with the arc-shaped section, and the power of the turbine propeller is adjustable.

[0008] Preferably, the position and number of the turbine propulsion units are adjustable, and the preferred number is two sets.

[0009] A test method for the impact of cold waves and strong winds on water diversion projects, applied to the aforementioned device, includes the following steps: 1) Collect historical data for the target area, including: continuous cumulative negative temperature, temperature range of upstream water inflow from the aqueduct, cold wave events, and engineering equipment data; 2) Design a circulating water tank device based on the collected historical data of the target area; 3) Establish the numerical finite element model of the physical engineering and the finite element model of the laboratory physical model, carry out thermal analysis, establish the relationship between the numerical finite element model of the physical engineering and the finite element model of the laboratory physical model, and determine the cycle time in the test process by optimizing the design of the finite element model of the laboratory physical model through analysis. 4) Prepare test conditions, construct an annular water tank, install equipment including turbine propulsion, thermometer, flow meter, camera, annular air duct, and anemometer, and integrate the data into the test platform; 5) Begin the experiment: 5.1) Establish an experiment with ambient temperature, water flow rate, insulation material, and insulation structure as control groups; 5.2) Based on the low temperature of the cold wave, the original refrigeration capacity of the laboratory, the heat generated by machinery during the experiment, and the heat released by the cooling of the water, a preliminary estimate is made of the amount of liquid nitrogen that should be added for a single experiment, as well as the corresponding evaporator; after the first test, it will be determined whether to add more quantities as needed. 5.3) Enter the formal testing and analysis phase; 5.4) Before a cold wave occurs, pre-set low-temperature conditions and activate fixed-power refrigeration equipment; 5.6) Create a cold wave and low temperature. When the water temperature reaches the preset temperature, cover the water surface with insulation material to slow down the cooling of the water body. As the ambient temperature continues to drop, when the ambient temperature reaches the cold wave level, remove the water insulation material and simulate the water body as relatively warm water from upstream. 5.7) The test officially enters the cold wave accompanied by strong winds. The fan and liquid nitrogen evaporator are started to cool down. The relationship between water temperature, ambient temperature and time, the relationship between temperature and time in different parts of the tank, and the formation of ice flowers and ice slag on the inner side wall of the tank, the water surface and in the water are recorded. 5.8) For different insulation schemes, adjust the test conditions and repeat steps 5.4) to 5.7). 6) Experimental data analysis: Analyze experimental data and phenomena to formulate analytical opinions; 7) Output the test results: The output results include the outlet water temperature, ice content, accumulation, and aqueduct deformation and damage under different insulation conditions.

[0010] Beneficial effects: The equipment and testing process of this invention, under limited refrigeration conditions, implement economical and feasible simulation conditions to study the impact of cold waves and strong winds on water diversion projects and the effectiveness of prevention and control measures. Compared with existing technologies, it can achieve the following technical effects: (1) This equipment simulates the effects of strong winds, leeward winds, and low temperatures on the windward side of the aqueduct during cold waves by designing a ring-shaped air duct and evaporator. It simulates the time, temperature drop, ice slag initiation, and outbreak of a certain section of water in the circulating water tank under a specified environment. It closely approximates the real environmental conditions and achieves better experimental results, meeting the research needs of water diversion operation of hydraulic structures such as aqueducts in winter.

[0011] (2) In terms of refrigeration: This equipment is designed with an evaporator, which sprays liquid nitrogen into the evaporator and absorbs heat through the heat exchange plates of the evaporator, ensuring that the room temperature in the insulation room reaches the specified cold wave temperature, including the air supplied to the fan reaching this low temperature. It can use a relatively low amount of liquid nitrogen to achieve a better cooling effect.

[0012] (3) Regarding air circulation: This equipment is designed with a ring-shaped air duct that blows air to specific sides of the equipment, avoiding the accumulation of heat due to the large mechanical power of the fan when supplying air in a non-targeted manner, increasing the cooling efficiency of the insulation chamber, and enabling the insulation chamber to effectively reduce the temperature to the cold wave temperature under relatively low investment conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test device for the impact of cold waves and strong winds on water diversion projects proposed in this invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the connections between the controller, data acquisition unit, and various detectors; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the body of the annular water tank; The components include: 1. Insulation chamber; 2. Refrigeration equipment; 21. Liquid nitrogen; 22. Evaporator; 3. Circulating water tank device; 31. Annular water tank; 32. Temperature and humidity sensor; 33. Flow meter; 34. Camera; 4. Turbine propulsion unit; 5. Annular air duct; 51. Air outlet; 52. Anemometer; 6. Fan; 7. Indoor unit of refrigeration equipment; 71. Outdoor unit of refrigeration equipment; 8. Data acquisition instrument; 9. Main controller. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0015] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this invention proposes a test device for the impact of cold waves and strong winds on water diversion projects, comprising: The insulation room 1 has a good heat preservation effect. A refrigeration equipment 2 is installed in the insulation room 1. The refrigeration equipment includes a fixed power refrigeration equipment and a temporary adjustable refrigeration equipment composed of liquid nitrogen 21 and evaporator 22. The fixed power refrigeration equipment includes an indoor unit 7 and an outdoor unit 71, etc.

[0016] The circulating water tank device 3 is installed inside the insulation room 1. The circulating water tank device 3 includes an annular water tank 31. The body of the annular water tank 31 can be made of concrete. The annular water tank 31 is designed with movable insulation covers of different material thicknesses, and insulation boards are provided on the sides or bottom. Temperature and humidity sensors 32 are installed at different thicknesses inside the concrete body of the tank. A flow meter 33 is installed on the annular water tank 31. Several cameras 34 monitoring the annular water tank 31 are installed outside the annular water tank 31.

[0017] The turbine propulsion unit 4 is located inside the annular water tank 1.

[0018] The annular air duct 5 is located directly above the annular water tank 31 and has the same structure as the annular water tank 31. The annular air duct 5 is equipped with a fan 6, and the fan 6 is equipped with an air inlet. The air inlet takes in air from the insulation chamber. The annular air duct 5 is equipped with an air outlet 51, and the air output from the air outlet 51 also returns to the insulation chamber 1. Anemometers 52 are arranged in multiple places inside the annular air duct 5.

[0019] The data acquisition instrument 8, temperature and humidity sensor 32, and flow meter 33 are all connected to the data acquisition instrument 8.

[0020] The main controller 9 is connected to the data acquisition unit 8 and the camera 34.

[0021] The cold wave and strong wind impact test device for water diversion projects proposed in this invention can simulate the effects of strong winds, leeward winds, and low temperatures on the windward side of an aqueduct during a cold wave at a relatively low cost. By measuring the time experienced by a section of water in the aqueduct under specified hydraulic conditions and boundary environments, with and without insulation, and with different insulation methods, the device tests the processes of temperature drop, ice initiation, and outbreak. This closely approximates real-world environmental conditions and simulates the cold-weather and ice-resistant capabilities of water passing through long-distance, large-span aqueducts, achieving good experimental results and meeting the research needs for winter water diversion operations of hydraulic structures such as aqueducts. The specific construction and application methods are as follows: Step 1) Data Collection: For aqueducts under design or already built in cold regions that face the risk of rapid cooling, ice formation, and downstream ice blockage due to winter cold waves and strong winds, collect information on the region's continuous cumulative negative temperature, the temperature range of the upstream water flowing into the aqueduct, the cold wave process (including the cold wave temperature process and the strong wind process), and the geometric dimensions of the engineering structure, such as length, width, height, and thickness. Step 2) Design the circulating water tank device: Design the geometric dimensions of the indoor circulating water tank model, and the insulation materials and structures to be used, including insulation covers with different thicknesses and materials on the sides, and insulation covers with different materials and structures on the top surface; Step 3) Establish the analysis model: Establish a finite element numerical model of the physical engineering and a finite element numerical model of the laboratory physical model, conduct thermal analysis, establish the relationship between the physical engineering and the experimental model, and optimize the experimental model design through analysis to determine the cycle time in the experimental process. Step 4) Preparation before the experiment: Test conditions were prepared, including the construction of the aqueduct model (i.e., the annular water tank), the installation of the thrusters, and the installation of thermometers, flow meters, cameras, air ducts, anemometers, etc., and the integration of relevant data into the test platform. Step 5) Begin the experiment: Step 5.1) Establish an experiment with ambient temperature, water flow rate (implied time: higher flow rate, shorter time), insulation material, and insulation structure as control groups; Step 5.2) Based on the cold wave and low temperature, the original refrigeration capacity of the laboratory, the heat generated by machinery during the experiment, and the heat released by the cooling of the water, make a preliminary estimate of the amount of liquid nitrogen to be added for a single experiment (in kilograms or tanks), as well as the corresponding evaporator; after the first test, determine whether to add more quantities as needed. Step 5.3) Enter the formal testing and analysis stage: Since a large number of low-temperature tests are carried out, the refrigeration requires a lot of electrical energy, so the tests should be conducted during relatively low temperature periods as much as possible; Step 5.4) First, create the general low temperature conditions before a cold wave, that is, the atmospheric temperature is 0 degrees to -5 degrees Celsius and the water temperature is about 5 degrees Celsius. At this time, only fixed refrigeration equipment can be used. A certain amount of ice can be purchased from the market to achieve a rapid cooling effect for the water. Steps 5 and 6) Then create a cold wave and low temperature. When the water temperature reaches about 5 degrees Celsius, you can cover the water surface with insulation material to slow down the cooling of the water. As the ambient temperature continues to drop, when the ambient temperature reaches the cold wave, such as -10 degrees or -15 degrees Celsius, remove the water insulation material and simulate the relatively warm water from upstream. Step 5.7) Formal entry into the test phase of cold wave accompanied by strong wind, start the fan and liquid nitrogen evaporator for cooling, record the water temperature and ambient temperature-time relationship, the temperature-time relationship of different parts of the tank, and the formation of ice flowers and ice slag on the inner side wall of the tank, water surface, and water. Step 5.8) Repeat the above test for different insulation schemes and under different conditions.

[0022] Step 6) Experimental data analysis: Analyze the test data and phenomena to form relevant opinions for design and operation and maintenance units to refer to whether insulation measures are needed, the degree of improvement to downstream after taking insulation measures, and also to understand the protective effect of insulation measures on the structure itself and the effect of reducing the adverse effects of freeze-thaw on the structure.

[0023] Step 7) Output the test results: The final results are presented as follows: input conditions include upstream water temperature and velocity, ambient temperature, and wind speed; output results include outlet water temperature, ice content, accumulation, and aqueduct deformation and damage under different insulation conditions.

[0024] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test device for the impact of cold waves and strong winds on water diversion projects, characterized in that, include: The insulated room (1) is equipped with a refrigeration device (2). The refrigeration device includes a fixed-power refrigeration device, liquid nitrogen (21) and an evaporator (22) forming a temporary adjustable refrigeration device. The fixed-power refrigeration device includes an indoor unit (7) of the refrigeration device, an outdoor unit (71) of the refrigeration device connected to the indoor unit (7) of the refrigeration device, and an outdoor unit (71) of the refrigeration device connected to the outdoor unit (7) of the insulated room (1). A circulating water tank device (3) is installed inside the insulation room (1). The circulating water tank device (3) includes an annular water tank (31). The turbine propulsion unit (4) is located inside the annular water tank (31); An annular air duct (5) is located directly above, on the side or bottom of the annular water tank (31). A fan (6) is provided on the annular air duct (5), and an air outlet (51) is provided on the annular air duct (5).

2. The experimental device for testing the impact of cold waves and strong winds on water diversion projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular water tank (31) is made of concrete. Temperature and humidity sensors (32) are installed at different thicknesses in the concrete of the tank. A flow meter (33) is installed on the annular water tank (31). Several cameras (34) for monitoring the annular water tank are installed outside the annular water tank (31). Anemometers (52) are arranged in multiple places inside the annular air duct (5). The device also includes a data acquisition unit (8) and a main controller (9). Temperature and humidity sensors (32), flow meters (33), and anemometers (52) are all connected to the data acquisition unit (8). The main controller (9) is connected to the data acquisition unit (8) and the camera (34).

3. The experimental device for testing the impact of cold waves and strong winds on water diversion projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular water tank (31) is equipped with a movable heat-insulating cover and heat-insulating plates on the side or bottom.

4. The experimental device for testing the impact of cold waves and strong winds on water diversion projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular water tank (31) includes two opposing straight sections that connect to two arc-shaped sections of the straight sections, and a turbine propulsion unit (4) is located at the connection between the straight section and the arc-shaped section.

5. The experimental device for testing the impact of cold waves and strong winds on water diversion projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The position and number of the turbine propulsion units (4) are adjustable.

6. A test method for the impact of cold waves and strong winds on water diversion projects, applied to the apparatus described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Including the following steps: 1) Collect historical data for the target area, including: continuous cumulative negative temperature, temperature range of upstream water inflow from the aqueduct, cold wave events, and engineering equipment data; 2) Design a circulating water tank device based on the collected historical data of the target area; 3) Establish the numerical finite element model of the physical engineering and the finite element model of the laboratory physical model, carry out thermal analysis, establish the relationship between the numerical finite element model of the physical engineering and the finite element model of the laboratory physical model, and determine the cycle time in the test process by optimizing the design of the finite element model of the laboratory physical model through analysis. 4) Prepare test conditions, construct an annular water tank, install equipment including turbine propulsion, thermometer, flow meter, camera, annular air duct, and anemometer, and integrate the data into the test platform; 5) Begin the experiment: 5.1) Establish an experiment with ambient temperature, water flow rate, insulation material, and insulation structure as control groups; 5.2) Based on the low temperature of the cold wave, the original refrigeration capacity of the laboratory, the heat generated by machinery during the experiment, and the heat released by the cooling of the water, a preliminary estimate is made of the amount of liquid nitrogen that should be added for a single experiment, as well as the corresponding evaporator; after the first test, it will be determined whether to add more quantities as needed. 5.3) Enter the formal testing and analysis phase; 5.4) Before a cold wave occurs, pre-set low-temperature conditions and activate fixed-power refrigeration equipment; 5.6) Create a cold wave and low temperature. When the water temperature reaches the preset temperature, cover the water surface with insulation material to slow down the cooling of the water body. As the ambient temperature continues to drop, when the ambient temperature reaches the cold wave level, remove the water insulation material and simulate the water body as relatively warm water from upstream. 5.7) The test officially enters the cold wave accompanied by strong winds. The fan and liquid nitrogen evaporator are started to cool down. The relationship between water temperature, ambient temperature and time, the relationship between temperature and time in different parts of the tank, and the formation of ice flowers and ice slag on the inner side wall of the tank, the water surface and in the water are recorded. 5.8) For different insulation schemes, adjust the test conditions and repeat steps 5.4) to 5.7). 6) Experimental data analysis: Analyze experimental data and phenomena to formulate analytical opinions; 7) Output the test results: The output results include the outlet water temperature, ice content, accumulation, and aqueduct deformation and damage under different insulation conditions.

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