Ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock breaking experimental device and experimental method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of low-energy-consumption and low-carbon mining direction rock breaking experiments, in particular to an ultrasonic vibration coupling abrasive jet rock breaking experimental device and experimental method. In the experimental device, an ultrasonic vibration system and an abrasive jet system are started at the same time to break rocks; at the moment, a vibration rod in the ultrasonic vibration system transmits ultrasonic vibration energy to the rock sample, high-frequency vibration induces microcracks to be generated in the rock sample, meanwhile, the vibration rod also plays a role in transmitting the ultrasonic vibration energy to an abrasive nozzle, so that the abrasive jet flow can be added with the ultrasonic vibration energy, and the abrasive jet flow and the ultrasonic vibration energy are mutually overlapped; the abrasive jet flow with large kinetic energy can be coupled with ultrasonic vibration energy, and the rock breaking efficiency of the abrasive jet flow is further improved; a synergistic rock breaking effect is formed through abrasive high-speed jet flow and ultrasonic vibration energy, the rock breaking efficiency is effectively improved, the overall energy consumption of rock breaking is reduced, and the accuracy and efficiency of rock breaking mechanism research are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of rock breaking experimental technology in low-energy and low-carbon mining, and in particular to an ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock breaking experimental device and experimental method. Background Technology

[0002] Rock breaking technology refers to methods of crushing or fracturing rocks, applied in fields such as mineral resource extraction, construction, and tunnel excavation. In cutting-edge fields such as deep mineral resource extraction and deep and ultra-deep oil and gas drilling, the rock environment exhibits extreme characteristics of high temperature, high ground stress, and high pore water pressure. Traditional rock breaking technologies face bottlenecks such as thermo-mechanical instability, a sharp drop in drilling efficiency in hard rock, and abnormal tool wear, resulting in excessive energy consumption and significant carbon emissions. Currently, there is no comprehensive experimental apparatus and method in existing laboratories capable of simulating these environments, thus failing to provide a sound experimental theoretical basis for improving existing rock breaking technologies towards lower energy consumption and lower carbon emissions.

[0003] Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved technical solution that addresses the shortcomings of the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock breaking experimental device and method to solve or alleviate the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: An ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock-breaking experimental device, the experimental device comprising an ultrasonic vibration system, an abrasive jet system, a confining pressure loading system, a recovery system and a saturation control system; An ultrasonic vibration system includes at least an ultrasonic generator, a transducer, an amplitude transformer, and multiple vibrating rods. The ultrasonic generator is electrically connected to the transducer and is used to convert current into a high-frequency electrical signal. The transducer is used to convert the high-frequency electrical signal into mechanical vibration. The transducer is connected to the amplitude transformer and is used to amplify the mechanical vibration output by the transducer. Multiple vibrating rods are evenly distributed at the end of the amplitude transformer away from the transducer and are used to transmit the mechanical vibration energy amplified by the amplitude transformer. The abrasive jet system includes at least an air compressor, an air tank, an abrasive tank, and an abrasive nozzle. The air tank supplies gas to the air compressor through a pipeline. The air compressor is connected to the abrasive tank and the abrasive nozzle in sequence through a high-pressure pipeline. The abrasive tank is used to supply abrasive to the high-pressure pipeline. The air compressor is used to pressurize the gas and deliver it into the high-pressure pipeline. The high-pressure gas drives the abrasive to be ejected from the abrasive nozzle. The abrasive nozzle is located between multiple vibrating rods, and the abrasive nozzle is in contact with the vibrating rods. The confining pressure loading system includes an experimental platform with multiple pressurizing units on it. A rock sample is placed between the multiple pressurizing units, and the multiple pressurizing units apply pressure to different surfaces of the rock sample respectively. A recovery system is located below the test bench for recovering abrasive materials; The saturation control system is used for solution permeation pretreatment of rock samples.

[0006] In the ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock breaking experimental device described above, preferably, the ultrasonic vibration system further includes a support frame, on which a telescopic rod is provided, and the transducer, amplitude transformer, vibration rod and abrasive nozzle are all fixed to the output end of the telescopic rod; When rock breaking is required, the output end of the telescopic rod is extended to make the vibrating rod abut against the surface of the rock sample.

[0007] In the ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock breaking experimental device described above, preferably, the pressurization unit includes four lateral hydraulic cylinders, the output ends of which respectively contact the four sides of the rock sample.

[0008] The ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock breaking experimental device described above, preferably, the confining pressure loading system further includes a reaction frame and a bottom hydraulic cylinder. The reaction frame includes multiple reaction rods and a reaction plate. One end of the multiple reaction rods is fixed on the experimental platform, and the other end is fixedly connected to the reaction plate. The center of the reaction plate is provided with a clearance hole for the vibration rods to pass through. The bottom hydraulic cylinder is located below the reaction plate, and the rock sample is located between the output end of the bottom hydraulic cylinder and the reaction plate.

[0009] In the ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock breaking experimental device described above, preferably, the output ends of the lateral hydraulic cylinder and the bottom hydraulic cylinder are fixed with a bearing plate, the side of the bearing plate away from the rock sample is insulated, and a heating wire is provided between the bearing plate and the insulation layer.

[0010] In the ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock breaking experimental device described above, preferably, the confining pressure loading system further includes a temperature sensor for real-time monitoring of the temperature of the rock sample.

[0011] In the ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock breaking experimental device described above, preferably, the recovery system includes a receiving trough, which is located below the test bench, and the abrasive and the broken rock sample fall into the receiving trough; A first conveyor belt is installed below the receiving trough. The first conveyor belt transports the abrasive and crushed rock sample to the filter screen. A recovery chamber is installed below the filter screen. The abrasive passes through the filter screen and falls into the recovery chamber, while the crushed rock sample remains above the filter screen.

[0012] In the ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock breaking experimental device described above, preferably, the bottom of the recovery chamber is provided with a discharge port, and a second conveyor belt is provided between the discharge port of the recovery chamber and the abrasive tank. The second conveyor belt is used to transport the abrasive in the recovery chamber to the abrasive tank.

[0013] In the ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock breaking experimental device described above, preferably, the saturation control system includes a vacuum tank, on which a pressure gauge is installed, and one side of the vacuum tank is connected to a vacuum pump. The other side of the vacuum tank is connected to the grouting pump, which is connected to the storage tank. The grouting pump is used to inject the liquid in the storage tank into the vacuum pump.

[0014] This application also provides an ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock breaking test method, wherein the test method uses the ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock breaking test device as described in claim 9, and the test method includes: Step 1: Place the rock sample into the vacuum chamber of the saturation control system for solution permeation pretreatment; Step 2: Place the pretreated rock sample between multiple pressurization units on the test bench, turn on the heating wire to heat the rock sample to the set temperature, and monitor the surface temperature of the rock sample in real time through a temperature sensor. Step 3: Control the telescopic rod to extend downwards so that the vibrating rod contacts the surface of the rock sample; and control multiple lateral hydraulic cylinders and the bottom hydraulic cylinder to pressurize the rock sample; Step 4: Start the ultrasonic vibration system, transmit ultrasonic vibration energy to the rock sample through the vibration rod for a set time, and observe the microcrack formation process on the rock sample surface in real time; Step 5: Start the abrasive jet system and spray the abrasive jet onto the rock sample through the abrasive nozzle; Step 6: By implementing only step 4, only step 5, or simultaneously implementing steps 4 and 5, the rock-breaking effects of three rock-breaking methods—single ultrasonic vibration, single abrasive jet, and simultaneous coupling of the two—are compared to obtain the differences in rock-breaking efficiency among the three methods. Step 7: The abrasive is recycled and reused in real time through the recycling system.

[0015] Compared with the closest prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial effects: In this experimental setup, a saturation control system is used to permeate the rock sample with solution to simulate an environment with high pore water pressure. A confining pressure loading system is used to apply pressure to the rock sample to simulate an environment with high geostress. This allows the experimental setup to more accurately simulate the rock strata environment, which is beneficial to improving the reliability of experimental results and provides a solid foundation for improving rock breaking technology in terms of low energy consumption and low carbon emissions.

[0016] In this experimental setup, both an ultrasonic vibration system and an abrasive jet system are activated simultaneously to break rocks. The vibrating rod in the ultrasonic vibration system not only transmits ultrasonic vibration energy to the rock sample, inducing microcracks within the sample through high-frequency vibration, but also transmits ultrasonic vibration energy to the abrasive nozzle. This allows the abrasive jet to absorb additional ultrasonic vibration energy, resulting in a superposition of the abrasive jet and ultrasonic vibration energy. The abrasive jet, carrying greater kinetic energy, couples with the ultrasonic vibration energy, further increasing the rock-breaking efficiency of the abrasive jet. Through the synergistic rock-breaking effect of the high-speed abrasive jet and ultrasonic vibration energy, the rock-breaking efficiency is effectively improved while reducing overall energy consumption, significantly enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of rock-breaking mechanism research. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. Wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an experimental apparatus provided according to some embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a saturation control system provided according to some embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the abrasive nozzle and the vibrating rod according to some embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a top view of a confining pressure loading system provided according to some embodiments of this application.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Ultrasonic generator; 2. Transducer; 3. Amplitude bar; 4. Vibrating rod; 5. Rock sample; 6. Lateral hydraulic cylinder; 7. Bottom hydraulic cylinder; 8. Experimental table; 9. Telescopic rod; 10. Abrasive nozzle; 11. Support rod; 12. Abrasive jar; 13. High-pressure pipeline; 14. Air compressor; 15. Air storage tank; 16. Support frame; 17. High-speed camera; 18. Receiving trough; 19. First conveyor belt; 20. Recovery bin; 21. Filter screen; 22. Second conveyor belt; 23. Pressure control device; 24. Dryer; 25. Vacuum pump; 26. Pressure gauge; 27. Heater; 28. Grouting pump; 29. ​​Liquid storage tank; 30. Support frame; 31. Reaction rod; 32. Reaction plate; 33. Bearing plate; 34. Heating wire; 35. Insulation layer. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Various examples are provided by way of explanation and not by way of limitation. In fact, those skilled in the art will recognize that modifications and variations can be made to the present application without departing from the scope or spirit thereof. For example, a feature shown or described as part of one embodiment may be used in another embodiment to produce yet another embodiment. Therefore, it is desirable that the present application encompass such modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0020] In the following description, the terms "first / second / third" are used merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific order of objects. It is understood that "first / second / third" may be interchanged in a specific order or sequence where permitted, so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this disclosure only and is not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0022] In the description of this application, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," and "bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and do not require that this application be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting this application. The terms "connected," "linked," and "set up" used in this application should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections or detachable connections; direct connections or indirect connections through intermediate components; wired connections, radio connections, or wireless communication signal connections. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other.

[0024] According to specific embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1-4 As shown, this application provides an ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock breaking experimental device, which includes an ultrasonic vibration system, an abrasive jet system, a confining pressure loading system, a recovery system, and a saturation control system.

[0025] An ultrasonic vibration system includes at least an ultrasonic generator 1, a transducer 2, an amplitude transformer 3, and multiple vibration rods 4. The ultrasonic generator 1 is electrically connected to the transducer 2 and is used to convert current into a high-frequency electrical signal. The transducer 2 is used to convert the high-frequency electrical signal into mechanical vibration. The transducer 2 is connected to the amplitude transformer 3 and is used to amplify the mechanical vibration output by the transducer 2. Multiple vibration rods 4 are evenly distributed at the end of the amplitude transformer 3 away from the transducer 2 and are used to transmit the mechanical vibration energy amplified by the amplitude transformer 3.

[0026] The abrasive jet system includes at least an air compressor 14, an air tank 15, an abrasive tank 12, and an abrasive nozzle 10. The air tank 15 supplies gas to the air compressor 14 through a pipeline. The air compressor 14 is connected to the abrasive tank 12 and the abrasive nozzle 10 in sequence through a high-pressure pipeline 13. The abrasive tank 12 is used to supply abrasive to the high-pressure pipeline 13. The air compressor 14 is used to pressurize the gas and deliver it into the high-pressure pipeline 13. The high-pressure gas drives the abrasive to be ejected from the abrasive nozzle 10. The abrasive nozzle 10 is located between multiple vibrating rods 4 and is in contact with the vibrating rods 4. In this embodiment, multiple air storage tanks 15 are provided, and each air storage tank 15 is equipped with a valve at its outlet to control the opening and closing of the air outlet. The air storage tank 15 is used to provide an air source to the air compressor 14. The air storage tank 15 stores gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen, which can be selected according to specific needs.

[0027] A valve is also provided at the outlet of the abrasive tank 12. After the valve is opened, the abrasive in the abrasive tank 12 enters the high-pressure pipeline 13 through the outlet.

[0028] The confining pressure loading system includes an experimental platform 8, on which multiple pressurizing units are set, and a rock sample 5 is placed between the multiple pressurizing units. The multiple pressurizing units apply pressure to different surfaces of the rock sample 5 respectively.

[0029] The recovery system is located below the test bench and is used to recover the abrasive.

[0030] The saturation control system is used for solution permeation pretreatment of rock sample 5.

[0031] In this experimental setup, a saturation control system is used to permeate rock sample 5 with solution to simulate the environment of high pore water pressure. A confining pressure loading system is used to apply pressure to rock sample 5 to simulate the environment of high geostress. This allows the experimental setup to more accurately simulate the rock strata environment, which is beneficial to improving the reliability of experimental results and provides a solid foundation for improving rock breaking technology in terms of low energy consumption and low carbon emissions.

[0032] Moreover, in this experimental device, the abrasive nozzle 10 is placed between multiple vibrating rods 4 so that the abrasive jet and the ultrasonic vibration energy are superimposed. The abrasive jet with large kinetic energy can couple the ultrasonic vibration energy, which greatly improves the rock breaking efficiency. At the same time, it can also reduce the overall energy consumption of rock breaking and reduce carbon emissions, providing a new technical coupling idea for efficient rock breaking.

[0033] The ultrasonic vibration system also includes a support 30, on which a telescopic rod 9 is installed. The transducer 2, amplitude rod 3, vibration rod 4 and abrasive nozzle 10 are all fixed to the output end of the telescopic rod 9. When rock breaking is required, the output end of the telescopic rod 9 is extended so that the vibration rod 4 abuts against the surface of the rock sample 5.

[0034] In this embodiment, the transducer 2, the amplitude rod 3, the vibrating rod 4 and the abrasive nozzle 10 are fixed together. The output end of the hydraulic rod moves vertically and moves up and down through the output end of the telescopic rod 9, so as to drive the transducer 2, the amplitude rod 3, the vibrating rod 4 and the abrasive nozzle 10 to move up and down synchronously. When the rock sample 5 is installed in the confining pressure loading system, the output end of the telescopic rod 9 is controlled to extend downward so that the vibrating rod 4 contacts the surface of the rock sample 5.

[0035] Then, the ultrasonic vibration system and the abrasive jet system are activated simultaneously to break the rock. At this time, the vibrating rod 4 in the ultrasonic vibration system not only transmits ultrasonic vibration energy to the rock sample 5, and the high-frequency vibration induces microcracks inside the rock sample 5, but also transmits ultrasonic vibration energy to the abrasive nozzle 10, so that the abrasive jet can be supplemented with ultrasonic vibration energy, further increasing the rock-breaking efficiency of the abrasive jet. Through the synergistic rock-breaking effect formed by the high-speed abrasive jet and ultrasonic vibration energy, the rock-breaking efficiency is effectively improved and the overall energy consumption of rock breaking is reduced, which significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of the rock-breaking mechanism research.

[0036] In this embodiment, the telescopic rod 9 can be a telescopic structure such as a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder.

[0037] The pressurization unit includes four lateral hydraulic cylinders 6, the output ends of which are in contact with the four sides of the rock sample 5. In this embodiment, the rock sample 5 has a cube or cuboid structure, and the four lateral hydraulic cylinders 6 are located on the front, back, left, and right sides of the rock sample 5, respectively, applying pressure to the four sides of the rock sample 5 through the four hydraulic cylinders.

[0038] The confining pressure loading system also includes a reaction frame and a bottom hydraulic cylinder 7. The reaction frame includes multiple reaction rods 31 and a reaction plate 32. One end of the multiple reaction rods 31 is fixed to the experimental platform 8, and the other end is fixedly connected to the reaction plate 32. The center of the reaction plate 32 is provided with a clearance hole for the vibration rod 4 to pass through. The bottom hydraulic cylinder 7 is located below the reaction plate 32, and the rock sample 5 is located between the output end of the bottom hydraulic cylinder 7 and the reaction plate 32. In this embodiment, four reaction rods 31 are provided, and the four reaction rods 31 are respectively supported at the four corners of the reaction plate 32. By controlling the output end of the bottom hydraulic cylinder 7 to apply pressure to the rock sample 5, the rock sample 5 is pressed between the reaction plate 32 and the output end of the bottom hydraulic cylinder 7. That is, the four lateral hydraulic cylinders 6, the bottom hydraulic cylinder 7 and the reaction frame work together to apply triaxial stress to the rock sample 5, so as to more accurately simulate the high ground stress environment experienced by the rock sample 5.

[0039] A support plate 33 is fixed to the output ends of the lateral hydraulic cylinder 6 and the bottom hydraulic cylinder 7. A heat insulation layer 35 is placed on the side of the support plate 33 away from the rock sample 5. A heating wire 34 is disposed between the support plate 33 and the heat insulation layer 35. In this embodiment, placing the heating wire 34 and the heat insulation layer 35 on the side of the support plate 33 away from the rock sample 5 avoids damage to the heating wire 34 and the heat insulation layer 35 due to excessive pressure. The heating wire 34 heats the support plate 33, which can be made of metal, to efficiently transfer heat to the rock sample 5, thereby simulating the effect of a high-temperature environment on the rock sample 5.

[0040] In this embodiment, by providing a heat insulation layer 35 on the back of the heating wire 34, heat loss is reduced and a better heat preservation effect is achieved; the heating time of the heating wire 34 can be controlled so that the rock sample 5 is heated as uniformly as possible.

[0041] In this embodiment, the confining pressure loading system also includes a pressure control device 23. The four lateral hydraulic cylinders 6 and the bottom hydraulic cylinder 7 are all connected to the pressure control device 23, and the hydraulic cylinders of the pressure control device 23 extend and retract.

[0042] The confining pressure loading system also includes a temperature sensor for real-time monitoring of the temperature of rock sample 5. In this embodiment, the temperature sensor measures the temperature of the exposed portion of rock sample 5 to monitor its temperature in real time. Once rock sample 5 is heated to a set value, the rock breaking experiment is then performed.

[0043] The recycling system includes a receiving trough 18, which is located below the test bench. The abrasive and crushed rock sample 5 fall into the receiving trough 18. A first conveyor belt 19 is located below the receiving trough 18. The first conveyor belt 19 transports the abrasive and crushed rock sample 5 to a filter screen 21. A recycling bin 20 is located below the filter screen 21. The abrasive passes through the filter screen 21 and falls into the recycling bin 20, while the crushed rock sample 5 remains above the filter screen 21.

[0044] In this embodiment, the receiving trough 18 has a V-shaped structure, and the opening of the receiving trough 18 is larger than that of the experimental platform 8, so as to facilitate the receiving of abrasive and crushed rock sample 5 falling from the experimental platform 8. The abrasive and crushed rock sample 5 are simultaneously fed into the filter screen 21 by the first conveyor belt 19. The filter screen 21 screens the abrasive and crushed rock sample 5. The filter screen 21 only allows abrasive particles with a particle size smaller than the set value to pass through, so that the abrasive with the particle size meeting the set requirements enters the recycling bin 20, realizing the recycling of abrasive and facilitating the reuse of abrasive.

[0045] In this embodiment, a dryer 24 is provided between the receiving trough 18 and the first conveyor belt 19. After the abrasive and the crushed rock sample 5 pass through the dryer 24, they fall onto the first conveyor belt 19. The dryer 24 dries the abrasive and the crushed rock sample 5 to ensure that the abrasive has a good degree of dryness.

[0046] The bottom of the recycling bin 20 is provided with a discharge port. A second conveyor belt 22 is provided between the discharge port of the recycling bin 20 and the abrasive tank 12. The second conveyor belt 22 is used to transport the abrasive in the recycling bin 20 to the abrasive tank 12. In this embodiment, the abrasive in the recycling bin 20 falls from the discharge port onto the second conveyor belt 22, and after being transferred by the second conveyor belt 22, the recycled abrasive enters the abrasive tank 12, thereby realizing the reuse of the abrasive.

[0047] The saturation control system includes a vacuum tank with a pressure gauge 26. One side of the vacuum tank is connected to a vacuum pump 25, and the other side of the vacuum tank is connected to a grouting pump 28. The grouting pump 28 is connected to a storage tank 29 and is used to inject liquid from the storage tank 29 into the vacuum pump 25.

[0048] In this embodiment, the saturation control system is a structure independent of other systems in the experimental apparatus. It is used to pre-treat the rock sample 5 before the experiment. Specifically, the rock sample 5 is first placed in a vacuum chamber, and then the vacuum pump 25 is turned on to generate negative pressure in the vacuum chamber, so that the gas in the pores of the rock sample 5 is discharged under the action of negative pressure.

[0049] Then, turn off the vacuum pump 25 and turn on the grouting pump 28. The liquid in the storage tank 29 is injected into the vacuum tank through the grouting pump 28, and the vacuum tank is kept at the set pressure value for a period of time to allow the liquid to penetrate into the rock sample 5, so that the rock sample 5 can better conform to the state benchmark of real geological conditions.

[0050] In this embodiment, a high-speed camera 17 is also provided on one side of the experimental platform 8 to record and observe the crack production process of the rock sample 5 in real time.

[0051] In this embodiment, a heater 27 can also be installed in the vacuum tank to preheat the rock sample 5 during the solution permeation pretreatment process, thereby improving the heating treatment efficiency of the rock sample 5.

[0052] This application also provides an ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock breaking test method, the test method using the ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock breaking test device of claim 9, the test method including: Step 1: Place rock sample 5 into the vacuum chamber of the saturation control system for solution permeation pretreatment; Step 2: Place the pretreated rock sample 5 between multiple pressurization units on the test bench, and turn on the heating wire 34 to heat the rock sample 5 to the set temperature. Monitor the surface temperature of the rock sample 5 in real time through the temperature sensor. Step 3: Control the telescopic rod 9 to extend downwards so that the vibrating rod 4 contacts the surface of the rock sample 5; and control multiple lateral hydraulic cylinders 6 and bottom hydraulic cylinder 7 to pressurize the rock sample 5. Step 4: Start the ultrasonic vibration system and transmit ultrasonic vibration energy to the rock sample 5 through the vibration rod 4 for a set time, and observe the microcrack production process on the surface of the rock sample 5 in real time. Step 5: Start the abrasive jet system and spray the abrasive jet into the rock sample 5 through the abrasive nozzle 10; In other embodiments, the experimental apparatus also includes a support frame 16 and a support rod 11. One end of the support rod 11 is hinged to the support frame 16, and the other end of the support rod 11 is hinged to an abrasive nozzle 10. When the ultrasonic vibration system vibrates and creates microcracks on the surface of the rock sample 5, the angle of the abrasive nozzle 10 is adjusted so that the abrasive nozzle 10 is aligned with the microcracks on the surface of the rock sample 5, thereby maximizing the rock-breaking effect of the abrasive jet.

[0053] Step 6: By implementing only step 4, only step 5, or simultaneously implementing steps 4 and 5, the rock-breaking effects of three rock-breaking methods—single ultrasonic vibration, single abrasive jet, and simultaneous coupling of the two—are compared to obtain the differences in rock-breaking efficiency among the three methods. Step 7: The abrasive is recycled and reused in real time through the recycling system.

[0054] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An experimental device for rock breaking using ultrasonic vibration coupled with abrasive jet, characterized in that, The experimental setup includes an ultrasonic vibration system, an abrasive jet system, a confining pressure loading system, a recovery system, and a saturation control system. An ultrasonic vibration system includes at least an ultrasonic generator, a transducer, an amplitude transformer, and multiple vibrating rods. The ultrasonic generator is electrically connected to the transducer and is used to convert current into a high-frequency electrical signal. The transducer is used to convert the high-frequency electrical signal into mechanical vibration. The transducer is connected to the amplitude transformer and is used to amplify the mechanical vibration output by the transducer. Multiple vibrating rods are evenly distributed at the end of the amplitude transformer away from the transducer and are used to transmit the mechanical vibration energy amplified by the amplitude transformer. The abrasive jet system includes at least an air compressor, an air tank, an abrasive tank, and an abrasive nozzle. The air tank supplies gas to the air compressor through a pipeline. The air compressor is connected to the abrasive tank and the abrasive nozzle in sequence through a high-pressure pipeline. The abrasive tank is used to supply abrasive to the high-pressure pipeline. The air compressor is used to pressurize the gas and deliver it into the high-pressure pipeline. The high-pressure gas drives the abrasive to be ejected from the abrasive nozzle. The abrasive nozzle is located between multiple vibrating rods, and the abrasive nozzle is in contact with the vibrating rods. The confining pressure loading system includes an experimental platform with multiple pressurizing units on it. A rock sample is placed between the multiple pressurizing units, and the multiple pressurizing units apply pressure to different surfaces of the rock sample respectively. A recovery system is located below the test bench for recovering abrasive materials; The saturation control system is used for solution permeation pretreatment of rock samples.

2. The ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock-breaking experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic vibration system also includes a support frame, on which a telescopic rod is provided. The transducer, amplitude transformer, vibration rod and abrasive nozzle are all fixed to the output end of the telescopic rod. When rock breaking is required, the output end of the telescopic rod is extended to make the vibrating rod abut against the surface of the rock sample.

3. The ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock-breaking experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pressurization unit includes four lateral hydraulic cylinders, the output ends of which respectively contact the four sides of the rock sample.

4. The ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock-breaking experimental device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The confining pressure loading system also includes a reaction frame and a bottom hydraulic cylinder. The reaction frame includes multiple reaction rods and a reaction plate. One end of the multiple reaction rods is fixed to the experimental platform, and the other end is fixedly connected to the reaction plate. The center of the reaction plate is provided with a clearance hole for the vibration rod to pass through. The bottom hydraulic cylinder is located below the reaction plate, and the rock sample is located between the output end of the bottom hydraulic cylinder and the reaction plate.

5. The ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock-breaking experimental device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The output ends of the lateral hydraulic cylinder and the bottom hydraulic cylinder are fixed with a bearing plate. The bearing plate has a heat insulation layer on the side away from the rock sample, and a heating wire is provided between the bearing plate and the heat insulation layer.

6. The ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock-breaking experimental device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The confining pressure loading system also includes a temperature sensor, which is used to monitor the temperature of the rock sample in real time.

7. The ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock-breaking experimental device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The recycling system includes a receiving trough, which is located below the test bench, into which abrasive and crushed rock samples fall. A first conveyor belt is installed below the receiving trough. The first conveyor belt transports the abrasive and crushed rock sample to the filter screen. A recovery chamber is installed below the filter screen. The abrasive passes through the filter screen and falls into the recovery chamber, while the crushed rock sample remains above the filter screen.

8. The ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock-breaking experimental device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The bottom of the recycling bin is provided with a discharge port, and a second conveyor belt is provided between the discharge port of the recycling bin and the abrasive tank. The second conveyor belt is used to transport the abrasive in the recycling bin to the abrasive tank.

9. The ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock-breaking experimental device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The saturation control system includes a vacuum tank, on which a pressure gauge is installed, and one side of the vacuum tank is connected to a vacuum pump. The other side of the vacuum tank is connected to the grouting pump, which is connected to the storage tank. The grouting pump is used to inject the liquid in the storage tank into the vacuum pump.

10. A method for experimental rock breaking using ultrasonic vibration coupled with abrasive jet, characterized in that, The experimental method uses the ultrasonic vibration coupled abrasive jet rock-breaking experimental device as described in claim 9, and the experimental method includes: Step 1: Place the rock sample into the vacuum chamber of the saturation control system for solution permeation pretreatment; Step 2: Place the pretreated rock sample between multiple pressurization units on the test bench, turn on the heating wire to heat the rock sample to the set temperature, and monitor the surface temperature of the rock sample in real time through a temperature sensor. Step 3: Control the telescopic rod to extend downwards so that the vibrating rod contacts the surface of the rock sample; and control multiple lateral hydraulic cylinders and the bottom hydraulic cylinder to pressurize the rock sample; Step 4: Start the ultrasonic vibration system, transmit ultrasonic vibration energy to the rock sample through the vibration rod for a set time, and observe the microcrack formation process on the rock sample surface in real time; Step 5: Start the abrasive jet system and spray the abrasive jet onto the rock sample through the abrasive nozzle; Step 6: By implementing only step 4, only step 5, or simultaneously implementing steps 4 and 5, the rock-breaking effects of three rock-breaking methods—single ultrasonic vibration, single abrasive jet, and simultaneous coupling of the two—are compared to obtain the differences in rock-breaking efficiency among the three methods. Step 7: The abrasive is recycled and reused in real time through the recycling system.

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