Power equipment operation fault detection system and method based on big data

Abstract

The invention provides a power equipment operation fault detection system and method based on big data, and belongs to the field of fault detection. The problem of low fault detection efficiency of power equipment is solved; the method specifically comprises the following steps: calculating the power consumption power, reversely calculating the power and voltage of each transformer substation according to the power consumption power and the topological relation of the transformer substations in a target area, and determining abnormal transformer substations; detecting whether the transformer of the abnormal substation is normal; if yes, determining an exception type; if yes, whether the power, voltage and mechanical vibration of the power station are normal is analyzed according to the electricity utilization power, whether a generator is normal is judged, and a fault area of the power transmission conductor is positioned; according to the invention, by obtaining, analyzing and processing the related parameters during the operation of the power equipment in the target area, the fault type of the power equipment is judged, and the operation stability of the power equipment is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a power equipment operation fault detection system and method based on big data, and pertains to the field of fault detection. Background Technology

[0002] Existing systems or methods for detecting operational faults in power equipment have the following shortcomings:

[0003] Technical Limitations: Current power equipment fault detection systems have significant technical limitations, mainly in three aspects: real-time performance, accuracy, and adaptability. Regarding real-time performance, most systems employ periodic detection rather than continuous monitoring, leading to delays in fault response and difficulty in timely detection of sudden faults. In terms of accuracy, traditional detection methods, such as threshold alarms, are easily affected by environmental interference, resulting in numerous false alarms and missed alarms, particularly lacking the ability to identify early, subtle fault characteristics. Regarding adaptability, existing systems are often designed for specific equipment or fault types, lacking the ability to adapt to new equipment types and complex faults, and performing poorly when facing power system equipment updates and topology changes.

[0004] Data processing and analysis issues: The current system has significant deficiencies in data processing and analysis. The traditional statistical methods used in some existing power equipment fault detection systems are difficult to process nonlinear and non-stationary power equipment signals. Furthermore, the system has weak fusion processing capabilities for multi-source heterogeneous data, which makes it impossible to fully utilize the multi-dimensional information of the equipment for comprehensive judgment, thus limiting the accuracy of fault diagnosis.

[0005] Cost and maintenance challenges: The current deployment of some power equipment fault detection systems requires a large number of specialized sensors and monitoring devices, resulting in huge initial investment costs, which is a heavy burden, especially for small power companies; the training of professional maintenance teams and long-term operation and maintenance investment further increase the total cost of ownership, which is not conducive to large-scale implementation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a power equipment operation fault detection system and method based on big data, aiming to solve the problem of low efficiency in power equipment fault detection.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data includes:

[0008] Data acquisition module: used to obtain the number of municipal districts in the target area, obtain historical electricity consumption data for each municipal district, and perform time-series analysis on the historical electricity consumption data to calculate the power consumption of each municipal district;

[0009] Data fitting module: Used to obtain the initial dielectric loss factor, transmission voltage, and cable surface temperature of the main transmission cables in each municipal district, calculate the real-time dielectric loss factor, and determine whether the main transmission cables are severely aged; if severely aged, it monitors the change in the surface temperature of the main transmission cables to determine whether the main transmission cables are cracked; if not severely aged, no action is taken; based on the power consumption of each municipal district and the topology of the substations in the target area, it reverse-calculates the power and voltage of each substation to identify abnormal substations;

[0010] Operational analysis module: used to obtain the output power and output voltage of the upstream substation or power plant of the abnormal substation, and to detect whether the transformer of the abnormal substation is normal;

[0011] If an anomaly is detected, skip the subsequent steps and determine the type of anomaly in the transformer.

[0012] If normal, then analyze the power, voltage and mechanical vibration of the power station based on the power consumption of each municipal district to determine whether the generator is normal;

[0013] If an error occurs, skip the subsequent steps.

[0014] If normal, inspect the power transmission line and locate the fault area in the power transmission line;

[0015] Continuous monitoring module: Used to update the power consumption of each municipal district and continuously monitor generators, transformers, transmission lines and cables in the target area.

[0016] Furthermore, the workflow of the data fitting module is as follows:

[0017] Obtain the power consumption pi of the first to the nth municipal districts. (1) ~pi (mn) ;

[0018] Inspect the main power transmission cables of the first to mn municipal districts to determine if they are severely aged.

[0019] If the main transmission cable is severely aged, monitor the change in surface temperature of the main transmission cable to determine if the main transmission cable is cracked; if it is not severely aged, no action is taken.

[0020] Based on the power consumption of each municipal district and the topology of substations in the target area, the power and voltage of each substation are calculated in reverse to identify abnormal substations.

[0021] Based on the topological relationship of the substations supplying power to the first municipal district, analyze the power and voltage of the substations directly or indirectly connected to the first municipal district, and determine the abnormal substations corresponding to the first municipal district.

[0022] Detect the substations corresponding to the 2nd to mnth municipal districts.

[0023] Furthermore, the workflow for inspecting the main power transmission cables of the first municipal district is as follows:

[0024] Obtain the insulation weight (ms), insulation area (As), and initial dielectric loss factor (δ) of the main transmission cable. (0) ;

[0025] Obtain the convection coefficient hs and specific heat capacity c. p Calculate the cooling constant ks:

[0026] Obtain the transmission voltage Vs and current frequency fs of the main transmission cable; obtain the capacitance Cs of the internal conductors of the main transmission cable; and assume the transmission loss power is P. (loss) The dielectric loss factor of the conductors inside the current main power transmission cable is δ. (now) Define formula 1-1:

[0027] P (loss) = 2 × π × fs × Cs × (Vs) 2 ×δ (now) ;

[0028] To obtain the conductor diameter dw, and assuming the conductor temperature is Tw, define formula 1-2:

[0029]

[0030] Obtain the ambient temperature Te and the cable surface temperature Ts, and assume the actual temperature is Tl;

[0031] Calculate the value of Tl:

[0032]

[0033] Construct equations 1-3:

[0034]

[0035] Calculate δ (now) The value of is used to obtain the dielectric loss increment ratio ta(δ);

[0036] Compare the values ​​of ta(δ) and 1.8 to determine whether the main power transmission cable is severely aged;

[0037] If ta(δ)≥1.8, it indicates that the main power transmission cable is severely aged;

[0038] Record the current conductor temperature Tw and cable surface temperature Ts;

[0039] Obtain the conductor temperature Tw after a specific time. (next)以及 Cable surface temperature Ts (next)Calculate the temperature change coefficient ch(T):

[0040]

[0041] Compare ch(T) with 0.2 to determine if the main power transmission cable is cracked;

[0042] If ch(T)≤0.2, then the main power transmission cable is not cracked;

[0043] If ch(T) > 0.2, the main power transmission cable is cracked;

[0044] If ta(δ) < 1.8, it indicates that the main power transmission cable is not severely aged;

[0045] Inspect the main power transmission cables corresponding to the 2nd to mnth municipal districts.

[0046] Furthermore, the workflow for handling abnormal substations is determined as follows:

[0047] Let substation A be the one directly connected to the first municipal district. Analyze the power and voltage of substation A.

[0048] Scenario 1: Station A only supplies power to the first municipal district;

[0049] Obtain the actual output power Pw of station A (true) Actual output current Iw (true) The received current Ip is obtained from the power supply of the first municipal district receiving station A.

[0050] Let the expected output power of station A be Pw. (1) Construct equation 2-1-1:

[0051] Where * indicates conjugate;

[0052] Obtain the actual input power Pe of station A (true) Actual input current Ie (true) ;

[0053] Obtain the impedance Z of station A (1) Admittance Y (1) ;

[0054] Let Pe be the expected input power of station A. (1) Formula 2-1-2 is constructed as follows:

[0055] Among them, Ib (1) Ib represents the excitation current of station A. (1) The formula for calculation is:

[0056] Calculate Pw according to Equation 2-1-1 and Formula 2-1-2 (1) With Pe (1) The value;

[0057] Determine Pw (1) With Pw (true) Whether the numerical difference is within ε; where ε represents the error determination coefficient, and the value of ε is 5%; users or relevant technical personnel can adjust the value of ε according to actual needs;

[0058] If Pw (1) With Pw (true) If the numerical difference is within ε, then Pe is judged. (1) With Pe (true) Is the numerical difference within ε?

[0059] If Pe (1) With Pe (true) If the numerical difference is within ε, then station A is normal;

[0060] If Pe (1) With Pe (true) If the numerical difference is not within ε, then Station A is temporarily classified as an abnormal substation.

[0061] If Pw (1) With Pw (true) If the numerical difference is not within ε, then Station A is determined to be an abnormal substation.

[0062] Scenario 2: Station A supplies power to the number of municipal districts.

[0063] Furthermore, the workflow for scenario two is as follows:

[0064] The municipal district directly connected to Station A is designated as District AA; the electricity consumption rate pia of Districts 1, 2, up to the an-th District AA is obtained. (1) ,pia (2) ~pia (an) And the receiving current Ipa of the power supplied by station A (1) Ipa (2) ~Ipa (an) ;

[0065] Where an represents the number of regions aa;

[0066] pia (1) ~pia (an) Calculate the equivalent received voltage Upa in region AA using api and api:

[0067] Among them, pia (i) and Ipa(i) These represent the power consumption rate and received current of the i-th aa zone, respectively;

[0068] Obtain the actual output voltage Uw of station A (true) Let the desired output voltage of station A be Uw. (1) Construct equation 2-2-1:

[0069]

[0070] Calculate Uw according to equation 2-2-1 (1) Determine the value of Uw (1) With Uw (true) Is the numerical difference within ε?

[0071] Uw (1) With Uw (true) If the numerical difference is within ε, then station A is normal;

[0072] If Uw (1) With Uw (true) If the numerical difference is not within ε, then determine whether formula 2-2-2 holds true. Formula 2-2-2 is:

[0073]

[0074] If formula 2-2-2 holds true, then station A will be temporarily classified as an abnormal substation.

[0075] If formula 2-2-2 does not hold true, then station A is determined to be an abnormal substation.

[0076] Take the substation directly connected to station A as station B, and determine whether station A and station B are abnormal substations based on the topology of station B.

[0077] Scenario 3: Station B is only connected to Station A.

[0078] Furthermore, the workflow for scenario three is as follows:

[0079] Obtain the actual input power Pe of station A (true) Actual input voltage Ue (true) ;

[0080] Obtain the actual output power Po of station B (true) Actual output voltage Uo (true) ;

[0081] Calculate the equivalent admittance Yo when station B transmits power to station A:

[0082]

[0083] Equivalent main circuit current Io:

[0084]

[0085] Equivalent impedance Zo:

[0086]

[0087] Calculate the apparent power Pss:

[0088]

[0089] Extract the real and imaginary parts of Pss to obtain the expected active power Pz and expected reactive power Qz when transmitting power at station B;

[0090] Obtain the actual active power Pz of station B during power transmission. (true) Actual reactive power Qz (true) Determine whether formula 3-1-1 is true. Formula 3-1-1 is as follows:

[0091]

[0092] If formula 3-1-1 holds true, then the impedance Z of station B can be obtained. (2) Admittance Y (2) ;

[0093] The actual input power of station B is Pez. (true) Actual input voltage Uez (true) ;

[0094] Let Pe be the expected input power of station B. (2) Formula 3-1-2 is constructed as follows:

[0095]

[0096] Calculate Pe (2) Determine the value of Pe (2) With Pez (true) Is the numerical difference within ε?

[0097] If Pe (2) With Pez (true) If the numerical difference is within ε, then Station B is normal; determine whether Station A is temporarily listed as an abnormal substation.

[0098] If Station A is temporarily classified as an abnormal substation, then determine whether Formula 3-1-3 is true. Formula 3-1-3 is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] If formula 3-1-3 holds true, then station A is normal;

[0101] If formula 3-1-3 does not hold true, then station A is determined to be an abnormal substation.

[0102] If Pe (2) With Pez (true) If the numerical difference is not within ε, then Station B is an abnormal substation;

[0103] If station B connects to multiple substations, repeat the processing steps in scenario two to determine whether station B is an abnormal substation.

[0104] Furthermore, the workflow of the operation analysis module is as follows:

[0105] Determine whether the abnormal substation is directly connected to the power station;

[0106] If the abnormal substation is directly connected to the power station, then the output power of the power station directly connected to the abnormal substation is taken as Pg, and the output voltage is taken as Ug.

[0107] Obtain the actual input power Px of the abnormal substation (true) Actual output voltage Ur (true) And the ratio rt;

[0108] Calculate the expected input voltage Ut of the abnormal substation:

[0109] Obtain the actual input voltage Uu of the abnormal substation (true) and actual input power Pu (true) ;

[0110] Calculate the equivalent admittance Yu from the power plant to the abnormal substation:

[0111]

[0112] Adjust the transformer ratio of the abnormal substation to RTT:

[0113] Calculate the equivalent admittance Yuu after abnormal substation changes:

[0114] Keeping the power output and voltage of the power plant constant, obtain the new actual input power Pxx(true);

[0115] Calculate the expected input power Py of the abnormal substation:

[0116] Py=Pg-[(Ug-Ut)×Yuu×(Ug-Ut) * ];

[0117] Comparing Py's Pxx (true) Size determines the type of fault in the abnormal substation;

[0118] If Py equals Pxx (true) If the abnormal transformer is normal, locate the power station corresponding to the abnormal substation, analyze the power, voltage and mechanical vibration of the power station based on the power consumption of each municipal district, and determine whether the generator is normal.

[0119] If Py is greater than Pxx (true) This indicates that the abnormal transformer is causing an anomaly on the output side of the downstream substation or the municipal area.

[0120] If Py is less than Pxx (true) This indicates that there is an abnormality on the input side of the transformer receiving power from the upstream substation or power plant.

[0121] If the abnormal substation is not directly connected to the power station, the input power of the upstream substation is obtained; the input power of the upstream substation is regarded as the input power of the power station, the abnormality type of the transformer is determined, and the subsequent process is skipped.

[0122] Furthermore, the workflow for inspecting a power plant is as follows:

[0123] Obtain the actual active power Pj of the power plant and calculate pi. (1) ~pi (mn) and APm;

[0124] Compare the magnitudes of Pj and APm;

[0125] If Pj≥APm, then a high-frequency current sensor or voltage sensor is installed at the neutral point, output terminal or winding position of the generator to obtain the traveling wave signal of the generator in the power generation project; the characteristic frequency of the traveling wave signal is extracted using fast Fourier transform and compared with the fault frequency of the generator.

[0126] If the characteristic frequency does not overlap with the fault frequency, the generator is normal. Inspect the transmission line and locate the fault area of ​​the transmission line.

[0127] If the characteristic frequency overlaps with the fault frequency, it indicates that the generator is experiencing abnormal mechanical vibration, prompting power plant staff to conduct maintenance.

[0128] If Pj < APm, then obtain the current actual reactive power Qg of the generator; adjust the active power of the generator to APm, and record the new reactive power Qgg of the generator. (true) ;

[0129] Let the expected reactive power of the generator be Qgi, and define equation 4:

[0130]

[0131] Calculate the value of Qgi according to Equation 4;

[0132] Determine Qgi and Qgg (true) Is the numerical difference within ε?

[0133] If it is present, it indicates that the power station is normal, and the transmission lines should be checked.

[0134] If it is not present, it indicates that the power generation capacity of the power plant is abnormal.

[0135] Furthermore, the workflow for inspecting power transmission lines is as follows:

[0136] Obtain the maximum withstand temperature T of the transmission line. (max) Convection coefficient ht, diameter Dt, and resistance per unit length Rd:

[0137] Let the ambient temperature be T. (cov) Let the length of the transmission line from a power plant to a substation, or from a power plant to another substation, or from a power plant to a certain municipality be Ld, and let the maximum transmission current of the transmission line be Is. (max) Construct relation 5:

[0138]

[0139] Calculate the maximum transmission current of all transmission lines in the target area based on Equation 5;

[0140] The actual transmission current of all transmission lines within the target area is detected, and areas where the actual transmission current is greater than the maximum transmission current are marked as fault areas of the transmission lines.

[0141] Big data-based methods for detecting operational faults in power equipment include:

[0142] Step S1: Used to obtain the number of municipal districts in the target area, obtain the historical electricity consumption data of each municipal district, and perform time-series analysis on the historical electricity consumption data to calculate the power consumption of each municipal district;

[0143] Step S2: Used to obtain the initial dielectric loss factor, transmission voltage and cable surface temperature of the main transmission cable in each municipal district, calculate the real-time dielectric loss factor and determine whether the main transmission cable is severely aged; if severely aged, monitor the change in the surface temperature of the main transmission cable to determine whether the main transmission cable is cracked; if not severely aged, no action is taken.

[0144] Based on the power consumption of each municipal district and the topology of substations in the target area, the power and voltage of each substation are calculated in reverse to identify abnormal substations.

[0145] Step S3: Obtain the input power of the upstream substation or power plant of the abnormal substation, and check whether the transformer of the abnormal substation is normal.

[0146] If an error occurs, skip the subsequent steps;

[0147] If normal, locate the power station corresponding to the abnormal substation, analyze the power, voltage and mechanical vibration of the power station based on the power consumption of each municipal district, and determine whether the generator is normal; if abnormal, skip the subsequent steps.

[0148] If normal, inspect the power transmission line and locate the fault area in the power transmission line;

[0149] Step S4: Update the power consumption of each municipal district and continuously monitor generators, transformers, transmission lines and transmission cables in the target area.

[0150] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0151] Improvements in substation condition monitoring: This invention can promptly detect potential problems in transformers, power plants, and transmission lines by analyzing the voltage, power factor, and power flow of each node; compared with traditional threshold alarms, trend analysis based on power flow changes can detect equipment performance degradation earlier; at the same time, power flow calculation supports the optimization of substation operation mode, and improves power quality by adjusting the power distribution of the substation.

[0152] Enhanced Transformer Fault Diagnosis: This invention improves the sensitivity of detecting early transformer faults by performing power flow analysis on substations and urban areas. Compared with traditional oil chromatography analysis, this method has the advantages of fast response speed and no need for offline detection. In addition, by combining temperature field simulation, this invention can assess the aging degree of transmission lines under different load and environmental conditions, providing a basis for transformer load scheduling.

[0153] Optimization of transmission line load assessment: The system of this invention can accurately calculate key parameters such as conductor temperature, power, voltage, and current by tracking the power flow of the line in real time, avoiding the errors of traditional empirical formulas. In addition, the power flow calculation supports the correlation analysis between conductor aging and load. This system can accurately identify the load rate and temperature rise of each section of the line, providing a quantitative basis for aging assessment. Furthermore, the system can also simulate the power flow transfer of power equipment after changes in operating parameters, effectively preventing cascading failures. Attached Figure Description

[0154] Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0155] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;

[0156] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method of the present invention;

[0157] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the detection process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0158] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0159] Example 1

[0160] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3 The power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data includes:

[0161] Data acquisition module: used to obtain the number of municipal districts in the target area, obtain historical electricity consumption data for each municipal district, and perform time-series analysis on the historical electricity consumption data to calculate the power consumption of each municipal district;

[0162] It should be noted that, in this invention, "target area" refers to a city-level region where this invention is used for detecting operational faults in power equipment;

[0163] The electricity consumption of each municipal district over the past month was obtained as historical electricity consumption data. The ARIMA model was used to perform time series analysis on the historical electricity consumption data, and the total electricity consumption of each municipal district in the next day was estimated as the expected electricity consumption of each municipal district.

[0164] Data fitting module: used to obtain the initial dielectric loss factor (i.e., dielectric loss tangent), transmission voltage and cable surface temperature of the main transmission cable in each municipal district, calculate the real-time dielectric loss factor and determine whether the main transmission cable is severely aged; if severely aged, monitor the change in the surface temperature of the main transmission cable to determine whether the main transmission cable is cracked; if not severely aged, no action is taken.

[0165] Based on the power consumption of each municipal district and the topology of substations in the target area, the power and voltage of each substation are calculated in reverse to identify abnormal substations.

[0166] It should be noted that in this invention, "main transmission cable" refers to a cable that connects to a high-voltage substation and transmits power to each power-consuming area within the city's jurisdiction.

[0167] The workflow of the data fitting module is as follows:

[0168] Get the number of municipal districts mn; get the power consumption pi of the 1st, 2nd, up to the mnth municipal districts. (1) pi (2) ~pi (mn) ;

[0169] Inspect the main power transmission cables of the first to mn municipal districts to determine if they are severely aged.

[0170] If the main transmission cable is severely aged, monitor the change in surface temperature of the main transmission cable to determine if the main transmission cable is cracked; if it is not severely aged, no action is taken.

[0171] Inspect the main power transmission cables of the first municipal district;

[0172] Obtain the length, density, insulation layer thickness, and cable diameter of the main transmission cable corresponding to the first municipal district, and calculate the insulation layer weight ms and the area As of the external insulation layer of the main transmission cable corresponding to the first municipal district.

[0173] Obtain the initial dielectric loss factor δ of the main transmission cable insulation layer (0) ;

[0174] Obtain the convection coefficient hs and specific heat capacity c of the insulation layer of the main transmission cable. p Calculate the cooling constant ks of the insulation layer:

[0175] Obtain the transmission voltage Vs and current frequency fs of the main transmission cable (internal conductors); obtain the capacitance Cs of the internal conductors of the main transmission cable; and assume the transmission loss power (of the internal conductors of the main transmission cable) is P. (loss) The dielectric loss factor of the conductors inside the current main power transmission cable is δ. (now) Define formula 1-1:

[0176] P (loss) = 2 × π × fs × Cs × (Vs) 2 ×δ (now) ;

[0177] To obtain the conductor diameter dw, and assuming the conductor temperature is Tw, define formula 1-2:

[0178]

[0179] Obtain the ambient temperature Te and the surface temperature Ts of the main transmission cable, and assume the actual temperature of the insulation layer of the main transmission cable is Tl;

[0180] Calculate the value of Tl:

[0181]

[0182] Construct equations 1-3:

[0183]

[0184] By combining Equations 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3, calculate δ. (now) The value;

[0185] Calculate the dielectric loss increment ratio ta(δ) of the insulation layer of the main transmission cable:

[0186] Compare the magnitudes of ta(δ) and 1.8 to determine whether the main power transmission cable is severely aged (where 1.8 is derived from the IEEE / IEC standard).

[0187] If ta(δ)≥1.8, it indicates that the main power transmission cable is severely aged;

[0188] (Based on δ) (now) The value of ) records the current conductor temperature Tw and the cable surface temperature Ts (of the main transmission cable);

[0189] (Based on the above calculation process for Tw) Obtain (and calculate) the conductor temperature Tw after a specific time. (next) And the cable surface temperature Ts (of the main transmission cable) (next) Calculate the temperature change coefficient ch(T):

[0190]

[0191] Compare ch(T) with 0.2 to determine whether the main transmission cable is cracked (where 0.2 is from the State Grid Corporation of China's "Q / GDW 11316-2014 Power Cable Condition Inspection Procedures", which stipulates that the deviation between the cable surface and the theoretical temperature field should not exceed 15% to 25%).

[0192] If ch(T)≤0.2, then the main power transmission cable is not cracked;

[0193] If ch(T) > 0.2, the main power transmission cable is cracked;

[0194] If ta(δ) < 1.8, it indicates that the main power transmission cable is not severely aged;

[0195] It should be noted that the "specific time" mentioned above refers to the time interval for observing the temperature changes of the main transmission cable. The "specific time" is generally set to 1 hour. Users or relevant technical personnel can adjust the specific time interval of the "specific time" according to actual needs.

[0196] Repeat the same steps for testing the main transmission cables of the first municipal district, and test the main transmission cables corresponding to the second to the mnth municipal districts.

[0197] Based on the power consumption of each municipal district and the topology of substations in the target area, the power and voltage of each substation are calculated in reverse to identify abnormal substations.

[0198] Based on the topological relationship of the substations supplying power to the first municipal district, analyze the power and voltage of the substations directly or indirectly connected to the first municipal district, and determine the abnormal substations corresponding to the first municipal district.

[0199] Let substation A be the one directly connected to the first municipal district. Analyze the power and voltage of substation A.

[0200] Scenario 1: If station A only supplies power to the first municipal district;

[0201] Obtain the actual output power Pw of station A (true) Actual output current Iw (true) The received current Ip is obtained from the power supply of the first municipal district receiving station A.

[0202] Let the expected output power of station A be Pw. (1) Construct equation 2-1-1:

[0203] Where * indicates conjugate;

[0204] Obtain the actual input power Pe of station A (true) Actual input current Ie (true) ;

[0205] Obtain the impedance Z of station A (1) Admittance Y (1) ;

[0206] Let Pe be the expected input power of station A. (1) Formula 2-1-2 is constructed as follows:

[0207] Among them, Ib (1) Ib represents the excitation current of station A. (1) The formula for calculation is:

[0208] Calculate Pw according to Equation 2-1-1 and Formula 2-1-2 (1) With Pe (1) The value;

[0209] Determine Pw (1) With Pw (true) Whether the numerical difference is within ε; where ε represents the error determination coefficient, and the value of ε is 5%; users or relevant technical personnel can adjust the value of ε according to actual needs;

[0210] If Pw (1) With Pw (true) If the numerical difference is within ε, then Pe is judged. (1) With Pe (true) Is the numerical difference within ε?

[0211] If Pe (1) With Pe (true) If the numerical difference is within ε, then station A is normal;

[0212] If Pe (1) With Pe (true) If the numerical difference is not within ε, then Station A is temporarily classified as an abnormal substation.

[0213] If Pw (1) With Pw (true) If the numerical difference is not within ε, then Station A is determined to be an abnormal substation.

[0214] Scenario 2: If station A supplies power to the nth municipal district (including the 1st municipal district);

[0215] The municipal district directly connected to Station A is designated as District AA; the electricity consumption rate pia of Districts 1, 2, up to the an-th District AA is obtained. (1) ,pia (2) ~pia (an) And the receiving current Ipa of the power supplied by station A (1) Ipa (2) ~Ipa (an) ;

[0216] Where an represents the number of regions aa;

[0217] pia (1) ~pia (an) Calculate the equivalent received voltage Upa in region AA using api and api:

[0218] Among them, pia (i) and Ipa (i) These represent the power consumption rate and received current of the i-th aa zone, respectively;

[0219] Obtain the actual output voltage Uw of station A (true) Let the desired output voltage of station A be Uw. (1) Construct equation 2-2-1:

[0220]

[0221] Calculate Uw according to equation 2-2-1 (1) Determine the value of Uw (1) With Uw (true) Is the numerical difference within ε?

[0222] Uw (1) With Uw (true)If the numerical difference is within ε, then station A is normal;

[0223] If Uw (1) With Uw (true) If the numerical difference is not within ε, then determine whether formula 2-2-2 holds true. Formula 2-2-2 is:

[0224]

[0225] If formula 2-2-2 holds true, then station A will be temporarily classified as an abnormal substation.

[0226] If formula 2-2-2 does not hold true, then station A is determined to be an abnormal substation.

[0227] Take the substation directly connected to station A as station B (i.e., station B is indirectly connected to the first municipal district). Based on the topology of station B, determine whether station A and station B are abnormal substations.

[0228] Scenario 3: If Station B is only connected to Station A;

[0229] Obtain the actual input power Pe of station A (true) Actual input voltage Ue (true) ;

[0230] Obtain the actual output power Po of station B (true) Actual output voltage Uo (true) ;

[0231] Calculate the equivalent admittance Yo when station B transmits power to station A:

[0232]

[0233] Calculate the equivalent main circuit current Io when power is transmitted from station B to station A:

[0234]

[0235] Calculate the equivalent impedance Zo when station B transmits power to station A:

[0236]

[0237] Calculate the apparent power Pss when transmitting power from station B:

[0238]

[0239] Extracting the real part of Pss yields the expected active power Pz when transmitting power at station B, and extracting the imaginary part of Pss yields the expected reactive power Qz when transmitting power at station B.

[0240] Obtain the actual active power Pz of station B during power transmission. (true) Actual reactive power Qz(true) Determine whether formula 3-1-1 is true. Formula 3-1-1 is as follows:

[0241]

[0242] If formula 3-1-1 holds true, then the impedance Z of station B can be obtained. (2) Admittance Y (2) ;

[0243] The actual input power of station B is Pez. (true) Actual input voltage Uez (true) ;

[0244] Let Pe be the expected input power of station B. (2) Formula 3-1-2 is constructed as follows:

[0245]

[0246] Calculate Pe according to formula 3-1-2 (2) Determine the value of Pe (2) With Pez (true) Is the numerical difference within ε?

[0247] If Pe (2) With Pez (true) If the numerical difference is within ε, then Station B is normal; determine whether Station A is temporarily listed as an abnormal substation.

[0248] If station A is temporarily listed as an abnormal substation, then determine whether formula 3-1-3 is true. Formula 3-1-3:

[0249]

[0250] If formula 3-1-3 is true, then Station A will be changed from "temporarily listed as an abnormal substation" to "Station A is normal";

[0251] If formula 3-1-3 is not true, then Station A will be changed from "provisionally listed as an abnormal substation" to "station A is confirmed as an abnormal substation";

[0252] If Pe (2) With Pez (true) If the numerical difference is not within ε, then Station B is an abnormal substation;

[0253] If station B is connected to multiple substations, then the multiple substations directly connected to station B are regarded as multiple municipal districts, and the input power, input voltage and input current of the multiple substations directly connected to station B are regarded as the received power, received voltage and received current of the municipal districts. Repeat the processing steps of scenario two to determine whether station B is an abnormal substation.

[0254] Repeat the processing steps for scenarios one through three above, and detect the power station in the target area from station B in reverse direction, and detect and mark the substations on the transmission line that supplies power from the power station to the first municipal district;

[0255] Repeat the same steps for testing the substations corresponding to the first municipal district, and then test the substations corresponding to the second to the mnth municipal districts.

[0256] Operational analysis module: used to obtain the output power and output voltage of the upstream substation or power plant of the abnormal substation, and to detect whether the transformer of the abnormal substation is normal;

[0257] If the transformer in the abnormal substation is abnormal, skip the subsequent steps (generator and transmission line detection) and determine the type of transformer abnormality.

[0258] If the transformer at the abnormal substation is normal, analyze the power, voltage, and mechanical vibration of the power station based on the power consumption of each municipal district to determine if the generator is normal; if the generator is abnormal, skip the subsequent steps (inspection of transmission lines) (and prompt the power station staff to inspect the generator).

[0259] If the generator is normal, then inspect the transmission lines (i.e., the exposed overhead lines used in my country's ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission) to locate the fault area in the transmission lines.

[0260] The workflow of the analysis module is as follows:

[0261] Determine whether the abnormal substation is directly connected to the power station;

[0262] If the abnormal substation is directly connected to the power station, then the power station's output power and output voltage should be checked to determine if the transformer in the abnormal substation is functioning properly.

[0263] The output power of the power station directly connected to the abnormal substation is taken as Pg, and the output voltage is taken as Ug.

[0264] Obtain the actual input power Px of the abnormal substation (true) Actual output voltage Ur (true) And the ratio rt;

[0265] Calculate the expected input voltage Ut of the abnormal substation:

[0266] Obtain the actual input voltage Uu of the abnormal substation (true) and actual input power Pu (true) ;

[0267] Calculate the equivalent admittance Yu from the power plant to the abnormal substation:

[0268]

[0269] Adjust the transformer ratio of the abnormal substation to RTT:

[0270] Calculate the equivalent admittance Yuu after abnormal substation changes:

[0271] Maintain the output power Pg and output voltage Ug of the power station (directly connected to the abnormal substation), and obtain the new actual input power Pxx of the abnormal substation (after transformer ratio adjustment). (true) ;

[0272] Calculate the expected input power Py of the abnormal substation:

[0273] Py=Pg-[(Ug-Ut)×Yuu×(Ug-Ut) * ];

[0274] Comparing Py's Pxx (true) Size determines the type of fault in the abnormal substation;

[0275] If Py equals Pxx (true) If the abnormal transformer is normal (i.e., the transformer ratio of the abnormal transformer has changed incorrectly during operation), locate the power station corresponding to the abnormal substation, and analyze the power, voltage and mechanical vibration of the power station based on the power consumption of each municipal district to determine whether the generator is normal.

[0276] If Py is greater than Pxx (true) This indicates that the abnormal transformer is causing an anomaly on the output side of the downstream substation or the municipal area.

[0277] If Py is less than Pxx (true) This indicates that there is an abnormality on the input side of the transformer receiving power from the upstream substation or power plant.

[0278] If the abnormal substation is not directly connected to the power station, then obtain the input power of the upstream substation; treat the input power of the upstream substation as the input power of the power station (repeat the above processing steps to determine the abnormal type of the transformer under the premise that "the abnormal substation is directly connected to the power station") to determine the abnormal type of the transformer, and skip the subsequent detection process of the power station and transmission line.

[0279] Check if the power station is functioning properly;

[0280] Obtain the actual active power Pj of the power plant and calculate pi. (1) ~pi (mn) and APm;

[0281] Compare the magnitudes of Pj and APm;

[0282] If Pj≥APm, then a high-frequency current sensor (such as a Rogowski coil) or voltage sensor is installed at the neutral point, output terminal or winding position of the generator to obtain the traveling wave signal of the generator in the power generation project; the characteristic frequency of the traveling wave signal is extracted using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and compared with the fault frequency of the generator (such as BPFO, BPFI);

[0283] If the characteristic frequency does not overlap with the fault frequency, the generator is normal. Inspect the transmission line and locate the fault area of ​​the transmission line.

[0284] If the characteristic frequency overlaps with the fault frequency, it indicates that the generator is experiencing abnormal mechanical vibration, prompting power plant staff to conduct maintenance.

[0285] If Pj < APm, then obtain the current actual reactive power Qg of the generator; adjust the active power of the generator to APm, and record the new reactive power Qgg of the generator. (true) ;

[0286] Let the expected reactive power of the generator be Qgi, and define equation 4:

[0287]

[0288] Calculate the value of Qgi according to Equation 4;

[0289] Determine Qgi and Qgg (true) Is the numerical difference within ε?

[0290] If it is present, it indicates that the power station is operating normally; if it is not present, it indicates that the power generation capacity of the power station is abnormal.

[0291] The following are the steps for inspecting and locating fault areas in power transmission lines:

[0292] Obtain the maximum withstand temperature T of the transmission line. (max) Convection coefficient ht, diameter Dt, and resistance per unit length Rd:

[0293] Let the ambient temperature be T. (cov) Let the length of the transmission line from a power plant to a substation, or from a power plant to another substation, or from a power plant to a certain municipality be Ld, and let the maximum transmission current of the transmission line be Is. (max) Construct relation 5:

[0294]

[0295] Calculate the maximum transmission current of all transmission lines in the target area based on Equation 5;

[0296] The actual transmission current of all transmission lines within the target area is detected, and areas where the actual transmission current is greater than the maximum transmission current are marked as fault areas of the transmission lines.

[0297] Continuous monitoring module: Used to update the power consumption of each municipal district and continuously monitor generators, transformers, transmission lines and cables in the target area.

[0298] Example 2

[0299] Please see Figure 2 Big data-based methods for detecting operational faults in power equipment include:

[0300] Step S1: Used to obtain the number of municipal districts in the target area, obtain the historical electricity consumption data of each municipal district, and perform time-series analysis on the historical electricity consumption data to calculate the power consumption of each municipal district;

[0301] Step S2: Used to obtain the initial dielectric loss factor (i.e., dielectric loss tangent), transmission voltage and cable surface temperature of the main transmission cable in each municipal district, calculate the real-time dielectric loss factor and determine whether the main transmission cable is severely aged; if severely aged, monitor the change in the surface temperature of the main transmission cable to determine whether the main transmission cable is cracked; if not severely aged, no action is taken.

[0302] Based on the power consumption of each municipal district and the topology of substations in the target area, the power and voltage of each substation are calculated in reverse to identify abnormal substations.

[0303] Step S3: Obtain the input power of the upstream substation or power plant of the abnormal substation, and check whether the transformer of the abnormal substation is normal.

[0304] If the (abnormal substation) is abnormal, skip the subsequent (generator and transmission line detection) steps;

[0305] If the (abnormal substation) is normal, locate the power station corresponding to the abnormal substation, analyze the power, voltage and mechanical vibration of the power station based on the power consumption of each municipal district, and determine whether the generator is normal; if the (generator) is abnormal, skip the subsequent (transmission line inspection) steps (and prompt the power station staff to inspect the generator).

[0306] If the generator is normal, then inspect the transmission lines (i.e., the exposed overhead lines used in my country's ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission) to locate the fault area in the transmission lines.

[0307] Step S4: Update the power consumption of each municipal district and continuously monitor generators, transformers, transmission lines and transmission cables in the target area.

[0308] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations using a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation. For example, there are weighting coefficients and proportional coefficients. The values ​​set are to quantify each parameter to obtain a specific value, which is convenient for subsequent comparison. The values ​​of the weighting coefficients and proportional coefficients are only required to not affect the proportional relationship between the parameters and the quantified values.

[0309] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data, characterized in that, The system includes: Data acquisition module: used to acquire historical electricity consumption data, perform time-series analysis on the historical electricity consumption data, and calculate the power consumption of each municipal district; Data fitting module: Used to obtain the initial dielectric loss factor, transmission voltage, and cable surface temperature of the main transmission cable, calculate the real-time dielectric loss factor, and determine whether the main transmission cable is severely aged; if severely aged, it monitors the change in the surface temperature of the main transmission cable to determine whether the main transmission cable is cracked; if not severely aged, no action is taken; based on the power consumption and the topology of the substations in the target area, it reverse-calculates the power and voltage of each substation to identify abnormal substations; Operational analysis module: used to obtain the output power and output voltage of the upstream substation or power plant of the abnormal substation, and to detect whether the transformer of the abnormal substation is normal; If an anomaly is detected, skip the subsequent steps and determine the type of anomaly in the transformer. If normal, then analyze the power, voltage and mechanical vibration of the power station based on the power consumption of each municipal district to determine whether the generator is normal; If an error occurs, skip the subsequent steps. If normal, inspect the power transmission line and locate the fault area in the power transmission line; Continuous monitoring module: Used to update power consumption and continuously monitor generators, transformers, transmission lines and cables in the target area.

2. The power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workflow of the data fitting module is as follows: Obtain the electricity consumption pi in the city's jurisdiction (1) ~pi (mn) ; Inspect whether the main power transmission cables in the city's jurisdiction are severely aged; If the main power transmission cable is severely aged, monitor the change in surface temperature of the main power transmission cable to determine whether the main power transmission cable is cracked. If it is not severely aged, no treatment is needed; Based on the power consumption and the topology of substations in the target area, the power and voltage of each substation are calculated in reverse to identify abnormal substations. Based on the topological relationships of substations supplying power to the city's jurisdiction, analyze the power and voltage of substations directly or indirectly connected to the city's jurisdiction to identify abnormal substations within the city's jurisdiction.

3. The power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data according to claim 2, characterized in that, The workflow for inspecting main power transmission cables is as follows: Obtain the insulation weight (ms), insulation area (As), and initial dielectric loss factor (δ) of the main transmission cable. (0) ; Obtain the convection coefficient hs and specific heat capacity c. p Calculate the cooling constant ks: Obtain the transmission voltage Vs and current frequency fs of the main transmission cable; obtain the capacitance Cs of the internal conductors of the main transmission cable; and assume the transmission loss power is P. (loss) The dielectric loss factor of the conductors inside the current main power transmission cable is δ. (now) Define formula 1-1: P (loss) =2×π×fs×Cs×(Vs) 2 ×δ (now) ; To obtain the conductor diameter dw, and assuming the conductor temperature is Tw, define formula 1-2: Obtain the ambient temperature Te and the cable surface temperature Ts, and assume the actual temperature is Tl; Calculate the value of Tl: Construct equations 1-3: Calculate δ (now) The value of is used to obtain the dielectric loss increment ratio ta(δ); Compare the values ​​of ta(δ) and 1.8 to determine whether the main power transmission cable is severely aged; If ta(δ)≥1.8, it indicates that the main power transmission cable is severely aged; Record the current conductor temperature Tw and cable surface temperature Ts; Obtain the conductor temperature Tw after a specific time. (next)以及 Cable surface temperature Ts (next) Calculate the temperature change coefficient ch(T): Compare ch(T) with 0.2 to determine if the main power transmission cable is cracked; If ch(T)≤0.2, then the main power transmission cable is not cracked; If ch(T) > 0.2, the main power transmission cable is cracked; If ta(δ) < 1.8, it indicates that the main power transmission cable is not severely aged.

4. The power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data according to claim 2, characterized in that, The workflow for identifying abnormal substations is as follows: Let substation A be the one directly connected to the city's jurisdiction. Analyze the power and voltage of substation A. Scenario 1: Station A only supplies power to the first municipal district; Obtain the actual output power Pw of station A (true) Actual output current Iw (true) The received current Ip is obtained from the power supply of the first municipal district receiving station A. Let the expected output power of station A be Pw. (1) Construct equation 2-1-1: Where * indicates conjugate; Obtain the actual input power Pe of station A (true) Actual input current Ie (true) ; Obtain the impedance Z of station A (1) Admittance Y (1) ; Let Pe be the expected input power of station A. (1) Formula 2-1-2 is constructed as follows: Among them, Ib (1) Ib represents the excitation current of station A. (1) The formula for calculation is: Calculate Pw according to Equation 2-1-1 and Formula 2-1-2 (1) With Pe (1) The value; Determine Pw (1) With Pw (true) Whether the numerical difference is within ε; where ε represents the error determination coefficient; If Pw (1) With Pw (true) If the numerical difference is within ε, then Pe is judged. (1) With Pe (true) Is the numerical difference within ε? If Pe (1) With Pe (true) If the numerical difference is within ε, then station A is normal; If Pe (1) With Pe (true) If the numerical difference is not within ε, then Station A is temporarily classified as an abnormal substation. If Pw (1) With Pw (true) If the numerical difference is not within ε, then Station A is determined to be an abnormal substation. Scenario 2: Station A supplies power to the number of municipal districts.

5. The power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data according to claim 4, characterized in that, The workflow for scenario two is as follows: The municipal district directly connected to Station A is designated as District AA; the electricity consumption rate pia of Districts 1, 2, up to the an-th District AA is obtained. (1) ,pia (2) ~pia (an) And the receiving current Ipa of the power supplied by station A (1) Ipa (2) ~Ipa (an) ; Where an represents the number of regions aa; pia (1) ~pia (an) Calculate the equivalent received voltage Upa in region AA using api and api: Among them, pia (i) and Ipa (i) These represent the power consumption rate and received current of the i-th aa zone, respectively; Obtain the actual output voltage Uw of station A (true) Let the desired output voltage of station A be Uw. (1) Construct equation 2-2-1: Calculate Uw according to equation 2-2-1 (1) Determine the value of Uw (1) With Uw (true) Is the numerical difference within ε? Uw (1) With Uw (true) If the numerical difference is within ε, then station A is normal; If Uw (1) With Uw (true) If the numerical difference is not within ε, then determine whether formula 2-2-2 holds true. Formula 2-2-2 is: If formula 2-2-2 holds true, then station A will be temporarily classified as an abnormal substation. If formula 2-2-2 does not hold true, then station A is determined to be an abnormal substation. Take the substation directly connected to station A as station B, and determine whether station A and station B are abnormal substations based on the topology of station B. Scenario 3: Station B is only connected to Station A.

6. The power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data according to claim 5, characterized in that, The workflow for scenario three is as follows: Obtain the actual input power Pe of station A (true) Actual input voltage Ue (true) ; Obtain the actual output power Po of station B (true) Actual output voltage Uo (true) ; Calculate the equivalent admittance Yo when station B transmits power to station A: Equivalent main circuit current Io: Equivalent impedance Zo: Calculate the apparent power Pss: Extract the real and imaginary parts of Pss to obtain the expected active power Pz and expected reactive power Qz when transmitting power at station B; Obtain the actual active power Pz of station B during power transmission. (true) Actual reactive power Qz (true) Determine whether formula 3-1-1 is true. Formula 3-1-1 is as follows: If formula 3-1-1 holds true, then the impedance Z of station B can be obtained. (2) Admittance Y (2) ; The actual input power of station B is Pez. (true) Actual input voltage Uez (true) ; Let Pe be the expected input power of station B. (2) Formula 3-1-2 is constructed as follows: Calculate Pe (2) Determine the value of Pe (2) With Pez (true) Is the numerical difference within ε? If Pe (2) With Pez (true) If the numerical difference is within ε, then Station B is normal; determine whether Station A is temporarily listed as an abnormal substation. If Station A is temporarily classified as an abnormal substation, then determine whether Formula 3-1-3 is true. Formula 3-1-3 is as follows: If formula 3-1-3 holds true, then station A is normal; If formula 3-1-3 does not hold true, then station A is determined to be an abnormal substation. If Pe (2) With Pez (true) If the numerical difference is not within ε, then Station B is an abnormal substation; If station B connects to multiple substations, repeat the processing steps in scenario two to determine whether station B is an abnormal substation.

7. The power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workflow of the operation analysis module is as follows: Determine whether the abnormal substation is directly connected to the power station; If the abnormal substation is directly connected to the power station, then the output power of the power station directly connected to the abnormal substation is taken as Pg, and the output voltage is taken as Ug. Obtain the actual input power Px of the abnormal substation (true) Actual output voltage Ur (true) And the ratio rt; Calculate the expected input voltage Ut of the abnormal substation: Obtain the actual input voltage Uu of the abnormal substation (true) and actual input power Pu (true) ; Calculate the equivalent admittance Yu from the power plant to the abnormal substation: Adjust the transformer ratio of the abnormal substation to RTT: Calculate the equivalent admittance Yuu after abnormal substation changes: To obtain the new actual input power Pxx while keeping the power plant's output power and output voltage constant. (true) ; Calculate the expected input power Py of the abnormal substation: Py=Pg-[(Ug-Ut)×Yuu×(Ug-Ut) * ]; Comparing Py's Pxx (true) Size determines the type of fault in the abnormal substation; If Py equals Pxx (true) If the abnormal transformer is normal, locate the power station corresponding to the abnormal substation, analyze the power, voltage and mechanical vibration of the power station based on the power consumption of each municipal district, and determine whether the generator is normal. If Py is greater than Pxx (true) This indicates that the abnormal transformer is causing an anomaly on the output side of the downstream substation or the municipal area. If Py is less than Pxx (true) This indicates that there is an abnormality on the input side of the transformer receiving power from the upstream substation or power plant. If the abnormal substation is not directly connected to the power station, the input power of the upstream substation is obtained; the input power of the upstream substation is regarded as the input power of the power station, the abnormality type of the transformer is determined, and the subsequent process is skipped.

8. The power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data according to claim 7, characterized in that, The workflow for inspecting a power plant is as follows: Obtain the actual active power Pj of the power plant and calculate pi. (1) ~pi (mn) and APm; Compare the magnitudes of Pj and APm; If Pj≥APm, then a high-frequency current sensor or voltage sensor is installed at the neutral point, output terminal or winding position of the generator to obtain the traveling wave signal of the generator in the power generation project; the characteristic frequency of the traveling wave signal is extracted using fast Fourier transform and compared with the fault frequency of the generator. If the characteristic frequency does not overlap with the fault frequency, the generator is normal. Inspect the transmission line and locate the fault area of ​​the transmission line. If the characteristic frequency overlaps with the fault frequency, it prompts the power plant staff to conduct maintenance. If Pj < APm, then obtain the current actual reactive power Qg of the generator; Adjust the generator's active power to APm and record the generator's new reactive power Qgg. (true) ; Let the expected reactive power of the generator be Qgi, and define equation 4: Calculate the value of Qgi according to Equation 4; Determine Qgi and Qgg (true) Is the numerical difference within ε? If it is present, it indicates that the power station is normal, and the transmission lines should be checked. If it is not present, it indicates that the power generation capacity of the power plant is abnormal.

9. The power equipment operation fault detection system based on big data according to claim 8, characterized in that, The workflow for inspecting power transmission lines is as follows: Obtain the maximum withstand temperature T of the transmission line. (max) Convection coefficient ht, diameter Dt, and resistance per unit length Rd: Let the ambient temperature be T. (cov) Let the length of the transmission line from a power plant to a substation, or from a power plant to another substation, or from a power plant to a certain municipality be Ld, and let the maximum transmission current of the transmission line be Is. (max) Construct relation 5: Calculate the maximum transmission current of all transmission lines in the target area based on Equation 5; The actual transmission current of all transmission lines within the target area is detected, and areas where the actual transmission current is greater than the maximum transmission current are marked as fault areas of the transmission lines.

10. A method for detecting operational faults in power equipment based on big data, applicable to the power equipment operational fault detection system based on big data as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method includes: Step S1: Used to obtain historical electricity consumption data, and to perform time-series analysis on the historical electricity consumption data to calculate the power consumption; Step S2: Used to obtain the initial dielectric loss factor, transmission voltage and cable surface temperature of the main transmission cable, calculate the real-time dielectric loss factor and determine whether the main transmission cable is severely aged; if severely aged, monitor the change in the surface temperature of the main transmission cable to determine whether the main transmission cable is cracked; if not severely aged, no action is taken. Based on the power consumption of each municipal district and the topology of substations in the target area, the power and voltage of each substation are calculated in reverse to identify abnormal substations. Step S3: Obtain the input power of the upstream substation or power plant of the abnormal substation, and check whether the transformer of the abnormal substation is normal. If an error occurs, skip the subsequent steps; If normal, locate the power station corresponding to the abnormal substation, analyze the power, voltage and mechanical vibration of the power station based on the power consumption to determine if the generator is normal; if abnormal, skip the subsequent steps. If normal, inspect the power transmission line and locate the fault area in the power transmission line; Step S4: Update power consumption and continuously monitor generators, transformers, transmission lines and cables in the target area.

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