Building full-life-period carbon emission calculation method based on running carbon and implicit carbon

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building energy conservation and carbon emission, in particular to a building full-life-period carbon emission calculation method based on running carbon and implicit carbon, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: building carbon emission calculation models of a reference building and a design building; the whole life period of the building is divided into running carbon and implicit carbon; constructing a three-level index system, namely a total amount index, a strength index and a relative index; respectively calculating the emissions of operating carbon and implicit carbon of the two carbon emission calculation models; respectively carrying out carbon reduction calculation on the two carbon emission calculation models; calculating a total carbon emission amount index and an intensity index of the two carbon emission models, and further calculating a relative index; and judging whether the carbon emission of the designed building reaches the standard or not according to the third-level index result, and if not, readjusting. According to the method, a building full-life-period carbon emission calculation model containing running carbon and implicit carbon is constructed, the calculation precision is improved in combination with a three-level index system, and design optimization of zero-carbon buildings and green buildings can be assisted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building energy conservation and carbon emission technology, and in particular to a method for calculating carbon emissions throughout the building's life cycle based on operational carbon and implicit carbon. Background Technology

[0002] Throughout a building's entire lifespan, various activities will generate varying degrees of energy consumption and carbon emissions. Currently, energy conservation and carbon reduction throughout a building's lifespan have received unprecedented attention and have become a crucial aspect of implementing the national dual-carbon strategy.

[0003] Conducting carbon emission calculations and analyses during the building design phase is of great significance. On the one hand, it helps to rationally determine building schemes and optimize energy supply and electromechanical system designs; on the other hand, it provides a scientific basis for setting relevant performance parameters, playing a decisive role in the environmental impact and resource consumption of subsequent building activities. Therefore, carbon emission calculations during the building design phase have become a core link in controlling the energy consumption and carbon emission performance throughout the building's entire life cycle.

[0004] The national standard GB / T 51366-2019, "Standard for Calculation of Carbon Emissions from Buildings" (hereinafter referred to as the "National Carbon Emission Standard"), provides corresponding carbon emission calculation methods for the operation phase, construction and demolition phase, and building material production and transportation phase. However, existing building carbon emission calculation methods are all based on the time phase of the building, which has the following significant problems: (1) The distinction between the nature of carbon emissions is ambiguous. From the perspective of carbon emission characteristics, building carbon emissions can be clearly divided into operational carbon and embodied carbon. Operational carbon refers to the total greenhouse gas emissions generated during the building's operation due to energy and water consumption. It persists throughout the entire operational phase of the building, focusing on the building's energy and water needs, and can be reduced by improving the energy efficiency of energy-consuming equipment, strengthening operation and maintenance management, and using renewable energy. Embedded carbon emissions, on the other hand, refer to the total greenhouse gas emissions related to materials and construction processes throughout the building's entire lifespan. Carbon reduction can be achieved through the selection of low-carbon materials and optimized design schemes (such as promoting low-carbon concrete and adopting prefabricated construction). However, existing calculation methods fail to clearly distinguish between these two types of carbon emissions, hindering the development of precise carbon reduction strategies.

[0005] (2) The definition of carbon emissions during the usage phase is unclear. Throughout a building's entire lifespan, two distinct types of carbon emissions exist. One is operational carbon, generated from energy and water consumption; the other is latent carbon, resulting from normal building use, maintenance, repairs, equipment replacement, and renovations. The current methods do not differentiate between these two, hindering the advancement of building energy conservation efforts.

[0006] (3) There are omissions in the calculation content. Existing calculation methods for carbon emissions mainly focus on carbon emissions from heating, ventilation, air conditioning, hot water, lighting, and elevators, while neglecting operational carbon emissions from tap water, electrical equipment, escalators, and cooking, as well as implicit carbon emissions caused by building use, maintenance, repair, equipment replacement, and building renovation. The calculation methods have significant gaps.

[0007] (4) Insufficient calculation accuracy Existing calculation methods are rather crude in constructing carbon emission calculation models, lacking refined calculation models. At the same time, the carbon offset mechanisms in operating carbon and implicit carbon have not been fully quantified, resulting in calculation accuracy that cannot meet practical needs.

[0008] (5) Some dynamic calculation data is missing. When calculating the carbon emissions of energy storage systems, existing calculation methods lack hourly dynamic calculation means, especially the calculation of hourly carbon emission factors. This leads to the unreasonable phenomenon that the carbon emissions of energy storage systems are higher than those of non-energy storage systems.

[0009] Therefore, this invention proposes a method for calculating carbon emissions throughout the building's life cycle based on operational carbon and occult carbon to address the aforementioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0010] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by developing a method for calculating carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of a building based on operational carbon and implicit carbon. The invention constructs a three-level calculation index system that includes total indicators, intensity indicators, and relative indicators to calculate multi-dimensional and comprehensive carbon emission index data throughout the building's life cycle, which can help optimize the design of zero-carbon buildings and green buildings.

[0011] The technical solution of this invention is a method for calculating carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of a building based on operational carbon and occult carbon, comprising the following steps: S1. Establish carbon emission calculation models for benchmark buildings and designed buildings; S2. Establish a two-dimensional classification framework for operational carbon and occult carbon throughout the building's life cycle; S3. Construct a three-tiered indicator system, namely total indicators, intensity indicators, and relative indicators; S4. For the two carbon emission calculation models, calculate the operating carbon emissions of each system, specifically for the HVAC system, hot water system, lighting and electrical equipment system, elevator system, and cooking system, and quantify their operating carbon emissions respectively. S5. For the two carbon emission calculation models, calculate the implicit carbon emissions of the whole life cycle in stages. The whole life cycle is divided into the building material production stage, building material transportation stage, building construction stage, building use stage and building demolition stage. S6. Perform carbon offset calculations for the two carbon emission calculation models respectively, specifically calculating the operational carbon offset caused by renewable energy and the implicit carbon offset caused by green building materials. S7. Calculate the total carbon emission index and intensity index of the two carbon emission models, and calculate the relative index based on the total carbon emission index and intensity index of the two carbon emission models. S8. Analyze the calculation results, compare the total carbon emission index and intensity index of the two carbon emission models, and determine whether the carbon emission calculation model of the designed building meets the design requirements based on whether the relative index meets the standards. If it does not meet the standards, adjust the thermal performance of the building envelope or the energy efficiency of the electromechanical equipment in the carbon emission calculation model of the designed building, and recalculate the carbon emission until the design requirements are met.

[0012] S1 is as follows: When constructing the carbon emission calculation model, the building envelope is fully defined according to the hexahedral principle. The thermal performance of the building envelope is input layer by layer according to the building design documents or building standard settings. The carbon emission calculation models of the design building and the benchmark building are constructed respectively. S1.1 Establish a carbon emission calculation model for a benchmark building: Regarding the building envelope of the benchmark building, the thermal performance of the building envelope shall be determined in accordance with the mandatory engineering construction code. The type of cold source, heat source, and terminal form for the air conditioning and heating system of the benchmark building is determined based on the building type. The energy efficiency of benchmark building air conditioning and heating units is determined according to mandatory engineering construction standards. The benchmark building uses a centralized fresh air HVAC system. Whether to install an exhaust heat recovery device is determined based on the pre-set total fresh air volume for the entire building. When the total fresh air volume is less than the pre-set value, no exhaust heat recovery device is installed; when the total fresh air volume is greater than or equal to the pre-set value, an exhaust heat recovery device is installed, and its efficiency is determined. The type of exhaust heat recovery device is determined based on heating and air conditioning requirements. For year-round air-conditioned heating areas, a total heat recovery type is used; for winter air-conditioned heating areas, a sensible heat recovery type is used. Determine the water consumption and heat source type of the domestic hot water system for the benchmark building. The water consumption of the domestic hot water system in the benchmark building is consistent with that of the designed building. Different benchmark buildings adopt different heat source types for the domestic hot water system. For residential buildings, user-type gas water heaters are used, and for public buildings, gas boilers are used. The cooking energy form of the benchmark building is determined. The cooking energy form of the benchmark building is consistent with that of the designed building. The thermal efficiency of the cooking stove is determined according to the national standard limit. Determine the elevator system type, number of units, design speed, and rated passenger capacity of the reference building, as well as the energy consumption of the vertical elevators during standby and operation. The elevator system type, number of units, design speed, and rated passenger capacity of the reference building shall be consistent with those of the design building. S1.2 Establish a carbon emission calculation model for the designed building: The building envelope is determined based on the building design documents. The building envelope includes the building's shape, size, orientation, internal space division and function, building structural dimensions, building envelope heat transfer coefficient, construction methods, solar thermal coefficient of exterior windows, window-to-wall area ratio, and roof window area. When the building uses movable shading devices, the control method of the movable shading devices and the shading coefficients for different seasons are determined. The control methods of movable shading devices include manual control and automatic control, and each control method corresponds to different shading coefficients for the heating season and cooling season. The form and energy efficiency of the HVAC system shall be determined according to the building design documents; the efficiency of the fan and the circulating water pump shall meet the requirements of the building design documents and shall not be lower than that of the benchmark building; the building shall adopt a centralized fresh air air conditioning system and exhaust heat recovery device shall be set according to the building design documents; for residential buildings and public buildings with centralized domestic hot water systems, the heat source of the domestic hot water system shall be a solar energy system, and the form and thermal efficiency of the auxiliary heat source shall be determined according to the building design documents. Determine the building lighting power density value and electrical equipment power density value based on the building design documents; The design of the building's vertical elevators, escalators, and moving walkways is determined based on the building's design documents and order samples. The vertical elevator configuration includes the form, type, number of units, design speed, and rated passenger capacity. The escalator and moving walkway configuration includes the form, type, number of units, design speed, lifting height, inclination angle, and rated power.

[0013] S2 is as follows: The entire life cycle of a building is a series of interconnected processes, including building material production, building material transportation, construction, operation and use, demolition and waste disposal; Based on the nature of carbon emissions, carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of a building are divided into operational carbon emissions and implicit carbon emissions. Operational carbon emissions are the sum of greenhouse gas emissions generated during the operation of a building due to energy consumption and water consumption. Energy consumption includes carbon emissions from air conditioning systems, hot water systems, lighting and electrical equipment systems, elevator systems, and cooking systems. Water consumption includes carbon emissions from tap water systems. Implicit carbon emissions are the total greenhouse gas emissions related to materials and construction processes throughout the entire life cycle of a building. Specifically, they include implicit energy consumed in the extraction, refining, processing, transportation, and manufacturing of materials or products. They are categorized by stage into carbon emissions during the building material production stage, carbon emissions during the building material transportation stage, carbon emissions during the building construction stage, carbon emissions during the building use stage, and carbon emissions during the building demolition stage.

[0014] S3 is as follows: Construct a three-tiered indicator system, including total indicators, intensity indicators, and relative indicators; Building carbon emissions include building life cycle carbon emissions, building operation carbon emissions, and building implicit carbon emissions. Among them, building operation carbon emissions are further subdivided into direct carbon emissions and indirect carbon emissions based on whether fossil fuels are directly burned. The total emissions indicators include carbon emissions throughout the building's life cycle, carbon emissions during building operation, carbon emissions implicit in the building, direct carbon emissions from the building, and indirect carbon emissions from the building. The intensity indicators include carbon emission intensity throughout the building's life cycle, carbon emission intensity during building operation, carbon emission intensity inherent in the building, carbon emission intensity directly generated by the building, and carbon emission intensity indirectly generated by the building. Relative indicators include the carbon reduction rate during building operation and the carbon reduction rate over the entire building life cycle.

[0015] S4 is as follows: S4.1 Calculate the annual carbon emissions of the HVAC system based on the energy consumption and carbon emission factors of different types of energy in the HVAC system. The calculation formula is as follows: , in, This indicates the annual carbon emissions of the HVAC system; Indicates the first Annual consumption of this type of energy; Indicates the first Carbon emission factors of energy sources; S4.2 Calculate the carbon emissions of the water supply and drainage system based on the carbon emissions generated by the energy consumption of domestic hot water and the carbon emissions generated by the consumption of tap water; (1) The annual energy consumption of domestic hot water is calculated based on the annual heat consumption of domestic hot water and the heat provided by the solar energy system. The calculation formula is as follows: , , , in, This indicates the annual heat consumption for domestic hot water; Indicates the number of people or units using domestic hot water; This indicates the average daily water consumption quota for hot water; Indicates the design temperature of the hot water; This indicates the calculated temperature of the cold water; Indicates the density of hot water; This indicates the number of days of domestic hot water usage per year; This indicates the amount of heat provided by the solar energy system throughout the year; This indicates the total area of ​​the solar collector; This represents the average daily solar irradiance on the local solar collector's light-receiving surface. This indicates the heat loss rate of the hot water storage tank and pipelines in a solar thermal collector system; This represents the average annual heat collection efficiency of the collector based on the total area. This indicates the annual energy consumption for domestic hot water; This indicates the average annual efficiency of domestic hot water distribution; This indicates the annual average efficiency of the heat source in the domestic hot water system. (2) The formula for calculating tap water consumption is as follows: , , in, This indicates the annual consumption of domestic water. Indicates the number of people or units using domestic water; Indicates the domestic water consumption quota; This indicates the number of days of domestic water use per year; This indicates the annual consumption of cooling water for air conditioning circulation. This indicates the building's annual non-traditional water usage. This indicates the annual consumption of tap water; (3) The formula for calculating the carbon emissions of water supply and drainage systems is as follows: , in, This indicates the annual carbon emissions from water supply and drainage. This indicates the annual energy consumption for domestic hot water; The carbon emission factor representing the energy consumed for domestic hot water; Indicates the carbon emission factor of tap water; S4.3 Calculate the carbon emissions from electricity based on the energy consumption of the lighting system and electrical equipment. The calculation formula is as follows: , , , in, This indicates the annual energy consumption of the lighting system; Indicates the total amount of time; Indicates the total number of rooms; Indicates the first Lighting power density values ​​for each room; Indicates the first Room area; Indicates the first Time Hourly usage rate of lighting in each room; Indicates the annual energy consumption of electrical equipment; Indicates the first Power density values ​​of electrical equipment in each room; Indicates the first Time Hourly usage rate of electrical appliances in each room; This indicates the annual carbon emissions from lighting and electrical equipment. Indicates the carbon emission factor of electricity; S4.4 Calculate the carbon emissions of the elevator system based on the energy consumption of vertical elevators, escalators, and moving walkways. The calculation formula is as follows: , , , , in, This indicates the annual energy consumption of the vertical elevator; This indicates the specific energy consumption of the elevator; This indicates the elevator's average annual operating time. Indicates the elevator speed; Indicates the elevator's rated load capacity; Indicates standby power consumption; This indicates the average annual standby hours of the elevator; This indicates the annual energy consumption of escalator and moving walkway systems; This indicates energy consumption excluding auxiliary equipment; This indicates the energy consumption including auxiliary equipment; This indicates the number of days an escalator or moving walkway operates per year. This indicates the energy consumption during automatic startup. This indicates energy consumption at low speeds. This indicates the energy consumption under no-load conditions. This indicates the energy consumption when transporting passengers; This indicates the annual carbon emissions of the elevator system; S4.5 The formula for calculating the carbon emissions of the cooking system is as follows: , in, This indicates the annual carbon emissions from building cooking. This indicates the annual energy consumption for cooking in a building; Indicates the calorific value of energy used for cooking in a building; Indicates the efficiency of cooking equipment; This indicates the carbon emission factor of cooking energy consumption.

[0016] S5 is detailed below: S5.1 Building Material Production Stage: The consumption of major building materials is estimated based on the building structure, and the total carbon emissions from building material production are estimated according to the proportion of major building materials in the total carbon emissions of building materials. The consumption of building materials is statistically recorded in the project construction data, which includes design documents, BIM models, budget estimates, and procurement lists. The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the building material production stage is as follows: , in, This indicates the carbon emissions during the building materials production stage; Indicates the first The consumption of various building materials; Indicates the first Carbon emission factors of various building materials; Indicates the type of building materials; S5.2 The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the transportation of building materials is as follows: , in, This indicates the carbon emissions during the transportation of building materials. Indicates the first Consumption of major building materials; Indicates the first Average transportation distance for various building materials; Indicates the first Carbon emission factor per unit weight of building materials transported over distance; S5.3, Construction Phase: Carbon emissions during the building construction phase include carbon emissions from the main construction project, carbon emissions generated during the implementation of temporary construction facilities, and carbon emissions from temporary construction facilities. (1) The carbon emissions from the construction of the main project include the carbon emissions generated by the energy consumed during the use of various mechanical equipment and small tools in the process of completing each project. The formula for calculating the carbon emissions from the construction of the main project is as follows: , in, This indicates the carbon emissions during the construction of the main project; Indicates the quantity of work in the project; Indicates the quantity of construction machinery; Indicates the first The project used the first The daily consumption of various types of construction machinery; Indicates the first Energy consumption of various construction machinery; Indicates the first Carbon emission factors of various energy sources; Indicates the first In this project, small construction machinery is not included in the machine shift consumption, but the energy it consumes is included in the energy consumption of materials. Indicates the carbon emission factor for electricity; p represents the serial number of the sub-item project. (2) The carbon emissions generated during the implementation of the measures project consist of the carbon emissions of various measures projects with calculable quantities. Measures projects with calculable quantities include scaffolding, formwork and supports, vertical transportation and building height. The formula for calculating the carbon emissions generated during the implementation of the measures project is as follows: , in, This indicates the carbon emissions during the implementation of the measures / projects; Indicates the number of measures / items; Indicates the first The measure project uses the first The daily consumption of various types of construction machinery; Indicates the first Energy consumption of various construction machinery; Indicates the first Carbon emission factors of China's energy sector; (3) The formula for calculating the carbon emissions of temporary construction facilities is as follows: , in, Indicates the carbon emissions of temporary construction facilities; Indicates total man-days; Indicates the carbon emission factor of temporary facilities per unit man-day; (4) The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the building construction phase is as follows: , in, This indicates the carbon emissions during the building construction phase. S5.4, Building Use Phase: Carbon emissions during the building's use phase include carbon emissions from daily use, maintenance, repairs, replacement of equipment and facilities, and renovations. The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the building's use phase is as follows: , in, Indicates carbon emissions during the building's usage phase; This indicates the carbon emissions caused by the daily use of a building; This indicates the carbon emissions caused by building maintenance; This indicates the carbon emissions caused by building renovations; This indicates the carbon emissions caused by the replacement of building facilities and equipment; This indicates the carbon emissions caused by building renovation and refurbishment; Indicates the building's designed service life; S5.5 Building Demolition Phase: Carbon emissions during the building demolition phase include carbon emissions from on-site demolition and carbon emissions from off-site transportation. The formula for calculating carbon emissions from on-site demolition is as follows: , in, Indicates the carbon emissions from on-site demolition; This indicates the building area of ​​the portion of the building that was demolished. This indicates the overall carbon emission factor during the demolition of a building. This indicates the weight of the demolition waste that needs to be broken up; This indicates the comprehensive carbon emission factor of building demolition waste crushing; Indicates the area occupied by the part of the building being demolished; This indicates the comprehensive carbon emission factor for site leveling during building demolition. The formula for calculating carbon emissions from off-site transportation is as follows: , , in, Indicates carbon emissions from off-site transportation; Indicates the first The weight of the waste; This indicates the building area of ​​the portion of the building that was demolished. The first sign of demolishing a building Indicators for the amount of waste generated; Indicates the first The transportation distance of this type of waste; Indicates the first Carbon emission factor per unit weight of waste transported over distance; The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the building demolition phase is as follows: , in, This indicates the carbon emissions during the building demolition phase.

[0017] S6 is detailed below: S6.1, Carbon Offset in Building Operations: The annual carbon offset of renewable energy generation is further calculated by calculating the annual power generation of the photovoltaic system. The calculation formula is as follows: , , in, This indicates the annual power generation of the photovoltaic system; This represents the projected annual power generation per unit area when photovoltaic modules are installed horizontally. These represent the tilt and azimuth correction factors for photovoltaic modules. Indicates the net area of ​​the photovoltaic module; Indicates the carbon emission factor of electricity; This indicates the annual carbon offset from renewable energy generation; S6.2, Implicit Carbon Offset in Buildings: The implicit carbon offset of buildings includes the carbon reduction from using safe and durable materials, the carbon reduction from using green building materials, and the carbon reduction from using low-carbon building structural systems. The calculation formula is as follows: , in, Indicates the building's implicit carbon offset; This indicates the amount of carbon reduction achieved by using structural materials with safe and durable properties; This indicates the carbon reduction achieved by using exterior finishing materials with safe and durable properties; This indicates the carbon reduction achieved through the use of green building materials; This indicates the amount of carbon reduction achieved by using a low-carbon building structure system.

[0018] S7 is detailed below: (1) Total indicators: Carbon emissions throughout the building's life cycle: ; Carbon emissions from building operations: ; Hidden carbon emissions from buildings: ; Direct carbon emissions from buildings: ; Indirect carbon emissions from buildings: ; in, This indicates the carbon emissions over the entire life cycle of a building; This represents the carbon emissions from building operation; y represents the building's design lifespan in years. Indicates the building's hidden carbon emissions; Indicates the direct carbon emissions from buildings; This indicates the direct carbon emissions of the HVAC system; This indicates the direct carbon emissions from the water supply and drainage system. This indicates the direct carbon emissions from the combustion of cooking gas. Indicates indirect carbon emissions from buildings; This indicates the indirect carbon emissions from HVAC systems. This indicates the indirect carbon emissions from the water supply and drainage system; Indicates the indirect carbon emissions from lighting and electrical equipment; This indicates the indirect carbon emissions of the elevator system; This indicates the indirect carbon emissions from kitchen appliances; (2) Strength index: Carbon intensity throughout the building's life cycle: ; Building operation carbon intensity: ; Hidden carbon intensity of buildings: ; Direct carbon intensity of buildings: ; Building indirect carbon intensity: ; in, Indicates the carbon emission intensity over the entire life cycle of a building; Indicates the carbon emission intensity of building operations; Indicates the building's implicit carbon emission intensity; Indicates the intensity of direct carbon emissions from buildings; Indicates the building's indirect carbon emission intensity; Indicates building area; (3) Relative indicators: Carbon reduction rate of building operations: ; Carbon reduction rate throughout the building's life cycle: ; in, Indicates the carbon reduction rate of building operations; Indicates the carbon emission intensity of the benchmark building operation; Indicates the carbon emission intensity of the building under design and operation; Indicates the carbon reduction rate over the entire life cycle of a building; This represents the carbon emission intensity over the entire life cycle of a benchmark building; It indicates the carbon emission intensity of the building throughout its entire life cycle.

[0019] The effects described in the invention are merely those of the embodiments, and not all the effects of the invention. The above technical solutions have the following advantages or beneficial effects: This invention discloses a method for calculating carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of a building based on operational carbon and embodied carbon. It clarifies the connotation and calculation boundaries of operational carbon and embodied carbon, and by analyzing the calculation results of carbon emissions of different properties, it helps to identify key links in building energy conservation and carbon reduction, thus contributing to the implementation of the dual-carbon strategy. The operational carbon emissions of this invention include carbon emissions generated by various energy-consuming systems such as HVAC, water supply and drainage, lighting and electrical equipment, elevators and escalators, and cooking, with comprehensive and complete calculation content. The carbon emission calculation model constructed by this invention is detailed and accurate, supporting more precise carbon emission calculations. This invention provides an hourly carbon emission factor calculation method, which is conducive to the promotion and application of energy storage systems. The three-level indicator system of total indicators, intensity indicators, and relative indicators established by this invention can adapt to different application needs such as green building design and evaluation, zero-carbon building design and evaluation, and carbon-neutral building design and evaluation. It accurately identifies key emission reduction areas, promotes optimized resource allocation, and by dividing carbon emissions into operational carbon and embodied carbon, it enables a more comprehensive understanding of the carbon emission situation of buildings at different stages, providing a basis for formulating effective emission reduction strategies. Running carbon calculations characterize the dynamic carbon emissions during the building's usage phase, prompting users to improve energy efficiency and enhance their awareness of energy conservation and emission reduction. Implicit carbon calculations characterize the building's inherent carbon emissions, revealing the enormous emission reduction potential in building material production and construction. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a comparison of the carbon emission composition over the entire life cycle. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, the invention will be described in detail below through specific implementation methods and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Example 1 A method for calculating building lifecycle carbon emissions based on operational carbon and occult carbon includes the following steps: S1. Establish carbon emission calculation models for benchmark buildings and designed buildings; S2. Establish a two-dimensional classification framework for operational carbon and occult carbon throughout the building's life cycle; S3. Construct a three-tiered indicator system, namely total indicators, intensity indicators, and relative indicators; S4. For the two carbon emission calculation models, calculate the operating carbon emissions of each system, specifically for the HVAC system, hot water system, lighting and electrical equipment system, elevator system, and cooking system, and quantify their operating carbon emissions respectively. S5. For the two carbon emission calculation models, calculate the implicit carbon emissions of the whole life cycle in stages. The whole life cycle is divided into the building material production stage, building material transportation stage, building construction stage, building use stage and building demolition stage. S6. Perform carbon offset calculations for the two carbon emission calculation models respectively, specifically calculating the operational carbon offset caused by renewable energy and the implicit carbon offset caused by green building materials. S7. Calculate the total carbon emission index and intensity index of the two carbon emission models, and calculate the relative index based on the total carbon emission index and intensity index of the two carbon emission models. S8. Analyze the calculation results, compare the total carbon emission index and intensity index of the two carbon emission models, and determine whether the carbon emission calculation model of the designed building meets the design requirements based on whether the relative index meets the standards. If it does not meet the standards, adjust the thermal performance of the building envelope or the energy efficiency of the electromechanical equipment in the carbon emission calculation model of the designed building, and recalculate the carbon emission until the design requirements are met.

[0025] In a specific implementation, S1 is as follows: When constructing the carbon emission calculation model, the building envelope is fully defined according to the hexahedral principle. The thermal performance of the building envelope is input layer by layer according to the building design documents or building standard settings. The carbon emission calculation models of the design building and the benchmark building are constructed respectively. The building envelope includes walls, roof, ground, and floors; the walls specifically refer to the exterior walls and include exterior windows; the roof includes the light-transmitting portion of the roof. S1.1 Establish a carbon emission calculation model for a benchmark building: The benchmark building is a hypothetical building set up in accordance with the national mandatory engineering construction standard GB55015-2021 "General Specification for Building Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Application". It provides a reference standard for building energy consumption assessment. The benchmark building is assessed based on traditional energy use and does not consider the application of renewable energy. When comparing the thermal performance of the building envelope, it is used as a hypothetical building for calculating the annual heating and air conditioning energy consumption. Its shape, size, orientation, internal space division and use function are completely consistent with the designed building. Regarding the building envelope of the benchmark building, the thermal performance of the building envelope shall be determined in accordance with the mandatory engineering construction code. The type of cold source, heat source, and terminal form for air conditioning and heating in the benchmark building is determined based on the building type, which includes residential buildings, office buildings, hotel buildings, school buildings, shopping mall buildings, and hospital buildings, etc. The energy efficiency of benchmark building air conditioning and heating units is determined according to mandatory engineering construction standards. The benchmark building uses a centralized fresh air HVAC system. Whether to install an exhaust heat recovery device is determined based on the pre-set total fresh air volume for the entire building. When the total fresh air volume is less than the pre-set value, no exhaust heat recovery device is installed; when the total fresh air volume is greater than or equal to the pre-set value, an exhaust heat recovery device is installed. Specifically, exhaust heat recovery devices are installed at 40% of the total fresh air volume, and the efficiency of the exhaust heat recovery device is determined. The type of exhaust heat recovery device is determined based on heating and air conditioning requirements. For year-round air-conditioned heating areas, a total heat recovery type is used; for winter air-conditioned heating areas, a sensible heat recovery type is used. Determine the domestic hot water system water consumption and heat source form of the benchmark building. The domestic hot water system water consumption of the benchmark building is consistent with that of the designed building. Different benchmark buildings adopt different domestic hot water system heat source forms. For residential buildings, user-type gas water heaters with a thermal efficiency of 89% are used, and for public buildings, gas boilers with a thermal efficiency of 92% are used. The cooking energy form of the benchmark building is determined. The cooking energy form of the benchmark building is consistent with that of the designed building. The thermal efficiency of the cooking stove is determined according to the national standard limit. Determine the elevator system type, number of units, design speed, and rated passenger capacity of the reference building, as well as the energy consumption of the vertical elevators during standby and operation. The elevator system type, number of units, design speed, and rated passenger capacity of the reference building are consistent with those of the design building. The energy consumption of the vertical elevators during standby is 200W, and the energy consumption during operation is 1.26mWh / (kg·m). S1.2 Establish a carbon emission calculation model for the designed building: The building envelope is determined based on the building design documents. The building envelope includes the building's shape, size, orientation, internal space division and function, building structural dimensions, building envelope heat transfer coefficient, construction methods, solar thermal coefficient of exterior windows, window-to-wall area ratio, and roof window area. When the building uses movable shading devices, the control method of the movable shading devices and the shading coefficients for different seasons are determined. The control methods of movable shading devices include manual control and automatic control, and each control method corresponds to different shading coefficients for the heating season and cooling season. The form and energy efficiency of the HVAC system shall be determined according to the building design documents; the efficiency of the fan and the circulating water pump shall meet the requirements of the building design documents and shall not be lower than that of the benchmark building; the building shall adopt a centralized fresh air air conditioning system and exhaust heat recovery device shall be set according to the building design documents; for residential buildings and public buildings with centralized domestic hot water systems, the heat source of the domestic hot water system shall be a solar energy system, and the form and thermal efficiency of the auxiliary heat source shall be determined according to the building design documents. Determine the building lighting power density value and electrical equipment power density value based on the building design documents; The design of the building's vertical elevators, escalators, and moving walkways is determined based on the building's design documents and order samples. The vertical elevator configuration includes the form, type, number of units, design speed, and rated passenger capacity. The escalator and moving walkway configuration includes the form, type, number of units, design speed, lifting height, inclination angle, and rated power.

[0026] In a specific implementation, S2 is as follows: The entire life cycle of a building is a series of interconnected processes, including building material production, building material transportation, construction, operation and use, demolition and waste disposal; Based on the nature of carbon emissions, carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of a building are divided into operational carbon emissions and implicit carbon emissions. Operational carbon emissions are the sum of greenhouse gas emissions generated during the operation of a building due to energy consumption and water consumption. Energy consumption includes carbon emissions from air conditioning systems, hot water systems, lighting and electrical equipment systems, elevator systems, and cooking systems. Water consumption includes carbon emissions from tap water systems. Implicit carbon emissions are the total greenhouse gas emissions related to materials and construction processes throughout the entire life cycle of a building. Specifically, they include implicit energy consumed in the extraction, refining, processing, transportation, and manufacturing of materials or products. They are categorized by stage into carbon emissions during the building material production stage, carbon emissions during the building material transportation stage, carbon emissions during the building construction stage, carbon emissions during the building use stage, and carbon emissions during the building demolition stage.

[0027] In a specific implementation, S3 is as follows: Construct a three-tiered indicator system, including total indicators, intensity indicators, and relative indicators; Building carbon emissions include building life cycle carbon emissions, building operation carbon emissions, and building implicit carbon emissions. Among them, building operation carbon emissions are further subdivided into direct carbon emissions and indirect carbon emissions based on whether fossil fuels are directly burned. The total emissions indicators include carbon emissions throughout the building's life cycle, carbon emissions during building operation, carbon emissions implicit in the building, direct carbon emissions from the building, and indirect carbon emissions from the building. The intensity indicators include carbon emission intensity throughout the building's life cycle, carbon emission intensity during building operation, carbon emission intensity inherent in the building, carbon emission intensity directly generated by the building, and carbon emission intensity indirectly generated by the building. Relative indicators include the carbon reduction rate during building operation and the carbon reduction rate over the entire building life cycle.

[0028] In a specific implementation, S4 is as follows: S4.1 Calculate the annual carbon emissions of the HVAC system based on the energy consumption and carbon emission factors of different types of energy in the HVAC system. The calculation formula is as follows: , in, This indicates the annual carbon emissions of the HVAC system, expressed in tCO2e / a. Indicates the first Annual energy consumption, expressed in energy units per year; Indicates the first Carbon emission factor of energy type, expressed in kgCO2e / energy unit; S4.2 Calculate the carbon emissions of the water supply and drainage system based on the carbon emissions generated by the energy consumption of domestic hot water and the carbon emissions generated by the consumption of tap water; (1) The annual energy consumption of domestic hot water is calculated based on the annual heat consumption of domestic hot water and the heat provided by the solar energy system. The calculation formula is as follows: , , , in, This indicates the annual heat consumption for domestic hot water, expressed in kWh / a. Indicates the number of people or units using domestic hot water; This indicates the average daily hot water consumption quota, expressed in L / person·d or L / units·d. Indicates the design temperature of hot water, in °C; This indicates the calculated temperature of the cold water, in °C. This indicates the density of hot water, expressed in kg / L. This indicates the number of days of domestic hot water use per year, expressed in days (d). This indicates the amount of heat provided by the solar energy system throughout the year, expressed in kWh / a. This represents the total area of ​​the solar collector, in m². 2 ; This represents the average daily solar irradiance on the local solar collector's light-receiving surface, expressed in kJ / m². 2 ·d; This indicates the heat loss rate of the hot water storage tank and piping in a solar thermal collector system, expressed in % (%). This represents the annual average solar collector efficiency based on the total area, expressed in % (%). This indicates the annual energy consumption for domestic hot water, expressed in kWh / a. This represents the average annual domestic hot water distribution efficiency, expressed in % (%). This indicates the average annual efficiency of the heat source in the domestic hot water system, expressed in % (%). (2) The formula for calculating tap water consumption is as follows: , , in, This indicates the annual consumption of domestic water, expressed in tons per year (t / a). Indicates the number of people or units using domestic water; This indicates the domestic water consumption quota, with the unit being L / (water consumption unit·d); This indicates the number of days of domestic water use per year, expressed in days (d). This indicates the annual consumption of cooling water for air conditioning circulation, expressed in t / a. This indicates the building's annual non-traditional water usage, expressed in tons per year (t / a). This represents the annual consumption of tap water, expressed in tons per year (t / a). (3) The formula for calculating the carbon emissions of water supply and drainage systems is as follows: , in, This indicates the annual carbon emissions from water supply and drainage, expressed in tCO2e / a. This indicates the annual energy consumption for domestic hot water, expressed in energy units per year. The carbon emission factor representing the energy consumed for domestic hot water is expressed in kgCO2e per unit of energy. This indicates the carbon emission factor of tap water, with units of kgCO2e / t; S4.3 Calculate the carbon emissions from electricity based on the energy consumption of the lighting system and electrical equipment. The calculation formula is as follows: , , , in, This indicates the annual energy consumption of the lighting system, expressed in kWh / a. Indicates the total amount of time; Indicates the total number of rooms; Indicates the first The lighting power density value for each room, in W / m² 2 ; Indicates the first Room area, in W / m² 2 ; Indicates the first Time Hourly usage rate of room lighting, in percentage. This indicates the annual energy consumption of electrical equipment, expressed in kWh / a. Indicates the first Power density of electrical equipment in each room, in W / m² 2 ; Indicates the first Time Hourly usage rate of electrical appliances in each room, in percentages (%) This indicates the annual carbon emissions from lighting and electrical equipment, expressed in tCO2e / a. This represents the carbon emission factor for electricity, expressed in kgCO2 / kWh. S4.4 Calculate the carbon emissions of the elevator system based on the energy consumption of vertical elevators, escalators, and moving walkways. The calculation formula is as follows: , , , , in, This indicates the annual energy consumption of a vertical elevator, expressed in kWh / a. This indicates the specific energy consumption of the elevator, expressed in mWh / kgm. This indicates the average annual operating time of the elevator, expressed in hours (h). This indicates the elevator speed, measured in m / s. This indicates the elevator's rated load capacity, expressed in kg. This indicates standby power consumption, measured in watts (W). This indicates the average annual standby hours of the elevator, expressed in hours (h). This indicates the annual energy consumption of escalator and moving walkway systems, expressed in kWh / a. This represents energy consumption excluding auxiliary equipment, expressed in kWh / d. This indicates energy consumption including auxiliary equipment, expressed in kWh / d. This indicates the number of days in a year that an escalator or moving walkway is in operation, expressed in days (d). This indicates the energy consumption during automatic startup, expressed in kWh. This indicates energy consumption at low speeds, expressed in kWh. This represents the energy consumption under no-load conditions, expressed in kWh. This indicates the energy consumption during passenger transport, expressed in kWh. This indicates the annual carbon emissions of the elevator system, expressed in tCO2e / a. S4.5 The formula for calculating the carbon emissions of the cooking system is as follows: , in, This indicates the annual carbon emissions from building cooking, expressed in tCO2e / a. This indicates the annual energy consumption for cooking in a building, measured in MJ. This indicates the calorific value of energy used for cooking in a building, expressed in MJ / energy unit. The efficiency of cooking equipment is expressed in % (%). This represents the carbon emission factor of cooking energy consumption, expressed in kgCO2e / energy unit.

[0029] In a specific implementation, S5 is as follows: S5.1 Building Material Production Stage: The consumption of major building materials is estimated based on the building structure, and the total carbon emissions from building material production are estimated according to the proportion of major building materials in the total carbon emissions of building materials. The consumption of building materials is statistically recorded in the project construction data, which includes design documents, BIM models, budget estimates, and procurement lists. The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the building material production stage is as follows: , in, This indicates the carbon emissions during the building materials production stage, expressed in tCO2e. Indicates the first The consumption of various building materials, expressed in building material consumption units; Indicates the first The carbon emission factor of a building material is expressed as kgCO2e per unit of building material consumption. Indicates the type of building materials; S5.2 The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the transportation of building materials is as follows: , in, This indicates the carbon emissions during the transportation of building materials, expressed in tCO2e. Indicates the first The consumption of major building materials, expressed in units of building material consumption. Indicates the first Average transportation distance for various building materials, in km; Indicates the first Carbon emission factor per unit weight of building materials transported over distance, expressed in [kgCO2e / (unit of building material consumption)]. km) S5.3, Construction Phase: Carbon emissions during the building construction phase include carbon emissions from the main construction project, carbon emissions generated during the implementation of temporary construction facilities, and carbon emissions from temporary construction facilities. (1) The carbon emissions from the construction of the main project include the carbon emissions generated by the energy consumed during the use of various mechanical equipment and small tools in the process of completing each project. The formula for calculating the carbon emissions from the construction of the main project is as follows: , in, This indicates the carbon emissions during the construction of the main project, expressed in tCO2e. Indicates the quantity of work in the project; Indicates the quantity of construction machinery; Indicates the first The project used the first The unit of consumption of a type of construction machinery is the number of machine shifts. Indicates the first Energy consumption of various construction machinery, expressed in energy consumption per shift; Indicates the first The carbon emission factor of this energy source, expressed in kgCO2e / energy consumption; Indicates the first In this project, small construction machinery is not included in the machine shift consumption, but the energy it consumes is included in the energy consumption of materials, in kWh. The carbon emission factor for electricity is expressed in kgCO2e / kWh; p represents the serial number of the sub-item of the project. (2) The carbon emissions generated during the implementation of the measures project consist of the carbon emissions of various measures projects with calculable quantities. Measures projects with calculable quantities include scaffolding, formwork and supports, vertical transportation and building height. The formula for calculating the carbon emissions generated during the implementation of the measures project is as follows: , in, This indicates the carbon emissions during the implementation of the measures, expressed in tCO2e. Indicates the number of measures / items; Indicates the first The measure project uses the first The unit of consumption of a type of construction machinery is the number of machine shifts. Indicates the first Energy consumption of various construction machinery, expressed in energy consumption per shift; Indicates the first The carbon emission factor of China's energy sector is expressed as kgCO2e / energy consumption. (3) The formula for calculating the carbon emissions of temporary construction facilities is as follows: , in, This indicates the carbon emissions from temporary construction facilities, expressed in tCO2e. This represents the total number of man-days, measured in man-days. This indicates the carbon emission factor of temporary facilities per man-day, expressed in kgCO2e / man-day. (4) The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the building construction phase is as follows: , in, This indicates the carbon emissions during the building construction phase, expressed in tCO2e. S5.4, Building Use Phase: Carbon emissions during the building's use phase include carbon emissions from daily use, maintenance, repairs, replacement of equipment and facilities, and renovations. The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the building's use phase is as follows: , in, Carbon emissions during the building's usage phase are expressed in tCO2e. This indicates the carbon emissions caused by the daily use of a building, expressed in tCO2e. This indicates the carbon emissions caused by building maintenance, expressed in tCO2e. This indicates the carbon emissions caused by building renovation, expressed in tCO2e. This indicates the carbon emissions caused by the replacement of building facilities and equipment, expressed in tCO2e. This indicates the carbon emissions caused by building renovation and refurbishment, expressed in tCO2e. Indicates the design service life of a building, in years; S5.5 Building Demolition Phase: Carbon emissions during the building demolition phase include carbon emissions from on-site demolition and carbon emissions from off-site transportation. The formula for calculating carbon emissions from on-site demolition is as follows: , in, This indicates the carbon emissions from on-site demolition, expressed in tCO2e. This indicates the building area of ​​the portion to be demolished, in square meters (m²). 2 ; This indicates the overall carbon emission factor of the building's demolition, expressed in kgCO2e / m³. 2 ; This indicates the weight of the demolition waste that needs to be crushed, in tons (t). This represents the comprehensive carbon emission factor of building demolition waste crushing, expressed in kgCO2e / t. This indicates the floor area of ​​the building to be demolished, in meters (m²). 2 ; This indicates the overall carbon emission factor of site leveling for building demolition, expressed in kgCO2e / m³. 2 ; The formula for calculating carbon emissions from off-site transportation is as follows: , , in, This indicates carbon emissions from off-site transportation, expressed in tCO2e. Indicates the first The weight of the waste, in tons; This indicates the building area of ​​the portion to be demolished, in square meters (m²). 2 ; The first sign of demolishing a building The indicators for the amount of waste generated are expressed in t / m³. 2 ; Indicates the first The transportation distance of various types of waste, in km; Indicates the first The carbon emission factor per unit weight of waste transported over distance, expressed in kgCO2e / (t) km) The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the building demolition phase is as follows: , in, This indicates the carbon emissions during the building demolition phase.

[0030] In a specific implementation, S6 is as follows: S6.1, Carbon Offset in Building Operations: The annual carbon offset of renewable energy generation is further calculated by calculating the annual power generation of the photovoltaic system. The calculation formula is as follows: , , in, This indicates the annual power generation of the photovoltaic system, expressed in kWhe / a. This represents the projected annual power generation per unit area when photovoltaic modules are installed horizontally, expressed in kWhe / (m²). 2 a) These represent the tilt and azimuth correction factors for photovoltaic modules. This indicates the net area of ​​the photovoltaic module, in square meters (m²).2 ; The carbon emission factor for electricity is expressed in kgCO2e / kWh. This indicates the annual carbon offset from renewable energy generation, expressed in tCO2e / a. S6.2, Implicit Carbon Offset in Buildings: The implicit carbon offset of buildings includes the carbon reduction from using safe and durable materials, the carbon reduction from using green building materials, and the carbon reduction from using low-carbon building structural systems. The calculation formula is as follows: , in, This indicates the building's implicit carbon offset, expressed in tCO2e. This indicates the carbon reduction achieved by using structural materials with safe and durable properties, expressed in tCO2e. This indicates the carbon reduction achieved by using exterior finishing materials with safe and durable properties, expressed in tCO2e. This indicates the carbon reduction achieved by using green building materials, expressed in tCO2e. This indicates the carbon reduction achieved by using a low-carbon building structure system, expressed in tCO2e.

[0031] In a specific implementation, S7 is as follows: (1) Total indicators: Carbon emissions throughout the building's life cycle: ; Carbon emissions from building operations: ; Hidden carbon emissions from buildings: ; Direct carbon emissions from buildings: ; Indirect carbon emissions from buildings: ; in, This indicates the carbon emissions over the entire life cycle of a building, expressed in tCO2e. The value represents the building's carbon emissions during operation, expressed in tCO2e / a; y represents the building's design lifespan, expressed in years. This indicates the building's hidden carbon emissions, expressed in tCO2e. This indicates direct carbon emissions from buildings, expressed in tCO2 / a. This indicates the direct carbon emissions of the HVAC system, expressed in tCO2e / a. This indicates the direct carbon emissions from water supply and drainage systems, expressed in tCO2e / a. This indicates the direct carbon emissions from the combustion of cooking gas, expressed in tCO2e / a. This indicates indirect carbon emissions from buildings, expressed in tCO2e / a. This indicates the indirect carbon emissions of HVAC systems, expressed in tCO2e / a. This indicates the indirect carbon emissions from water supply and drainage systems, expressed in tCO2e / a. This indicates the indirect carbon emissions from lighting and electrical equipment, expressed in tCO2e / a. This indicates the indirect carbon emissions of the elevator system, expressed in tCO2e / a. This indicates the indirect carbon emissions from kitchen appliances, expressed in tCO2e / a. (2) Strength index: Carbon intensity throughout the building's life cycle: ; Building operation carbon intensity: ; Hidden carbon intensity of buildings: ; Direct carbon intensity of buildings: ; Building indirect carbon intensity: ; in, This indicates the carbon emission intensity over the entire life cycle of a building, expressed in kgCO2e / (m³). 2 a) The carbon emission intensity of a building is expressed in kgCO2e / (m³). 2 a) This indicates the building's implicit carbon emission intensity, expressed in kgCO2e / (m³). 2 a) The direct carbon emission intensity of buildings is expressed in kgCO2e / (m³). 2 a) Indicates building indirect carbon emission intensity, unit is kgCO2e / (m³). 2 a) Indicates building area; (3) Relative indicators: Carbon reduction rate of building operations: ; Carbon reduction rate throughout the building's life cycle: ; in, The carbon reduction rate of building operations is expressed as % (%). This represents the baseline building operation carbon emission intensity, expressed in kgCO2e / (m³). 2 a) This indicates the carbon emission intensity of a building under design operation, expressed in kgCO2e / (m³).2 a) The carbon reduction rate over the entire life cycle of a building is expressed in % (%). This represents the carbon emission intensity over the entire life cycle of a benchmark building, expressed in kgCO2e / (m³). 2 a) This indicates the carbon emission intensity over the entire life cycle of a building, expressed in kgCO2e / (m³). 2 a).

[0032] Example 2 A multi-purpose building with a floor area of ​​8985m² 2 The building has 6 floors above ground and 1 floor below ground. It is designed according to the 3-star green building standard and near-zero carbon building standards. Using the carbon emission calculation method provided in this invention, the relative indicators of the designed building, as well as the life-cycle carbon emissions of the designed building and the benchmark building, are calculated. The calculation results of the relative indicators of the designed building are shown in Table 1, and the comparison chart of the life-cycle carbon emissions of the designed building and the benchmark building is shown below. Figure 2 As shown.

[0033] Table 1 Calculation Indicators for Designed Buildings and Benchmark Buildings Although the specific embodiments of the invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention. Based on the technical solutions of the invention, various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort are still within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating building lifecycle carbon emissions based on operational carbon and occult carbon, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Establish carbon emission calculation models for benchmark buildings and designed buildings; S2. Establish a two-dimensional classification framework for operational carbon and occult carbon throughout the building's life cycle; S3. Construct a three-tiered indicator system, namely total indicators, intensity indicators, and relative indicators; S4. For the two carbon emission calculation models, calculate the operating carbon emissions of each system, specifically for the HVAC system, hot water system, lighting and electrical equipment system, elevator system, and cooking system, and quantify their operating carbon emissions respectively. S5. For the two carbon emission calculation models, calculate the implicit carbon emissions of the whole life cycle in stages. The whole life cycle is divided into the building material production stage, building material transportation stage, building construction stage, building use stage and building demolition stage. S6. Perform carbon offset calculations for the two carbon emission calculation models respectively, specifically calculating the operational carbon offset caused by renewable energy and the implicit carbon offset caused by green building materials. S7. Calculate the total carbon emission index and intensity index of the two carbon emission models, and calculate the relative index based on the total carbon emission index and intensity index of the two carbon emission models. S8. Analyze the calculation results, compare the total carbon emission index and intensity index of the two carbon emission models, and determine whether the carbon emission calculation model of the designed building meets the design requirements based on whether the relative index meets the standards. If it does not meet the standards, adjust the thermal performance of the building envelope or the energy efficiency of the electromechanical equipment in the carbon emission calculation model of the designed building, and recalculate the carbon emission until the design requirements are met.

2. The method for calculating building lifecycle carbon emissions based on operational carbon and occult carbon as described in claim 1, characterized in that, S1 is as follows: When constructing the carbon emission calculation model, the building envelope is fully defined according to the hexahedral principle. The thermal performance of the building envelope is input layer by layer according to the building design documents or building standard settings. The carbon emission calculation models of the design building and the benchmark building are constructed respectively. S1.1 Establish a carbon emission calculation model for a benchmark building: Regarding the building envelope of the benchmark building, the thermal performance of the building envelope shall be determined in accordance with the mandatory engineering construction code. The type of cold source, heat source, and terminal form for the air conditioning and heating system of the benchmark building is determined based on the building type. The energy efficiency of benchmark building air conditioning and heating units is determined according to mandatory engineering construction standards. The benchmark building adopts a centralized fresh air HVAC system. Whether to install an exhaust heat recovery device is determined based on the preset total fresh air volume of the whole building. When the total fresh air volume of the whole building is less than the preset value, no exhaust heat recovery device is installed. When the total fresh air volume of the whole building is greater than or equal to the preset value, an exhaust heat recovery device is installed, and the efficiency of the exhaust heat recovery device is determined. The type of exhaust heat recovery device is determined based on the heating and air conditioning requirements. The total heat recovery type is used in air-conditioned heating sites throughout the year, while the sensible heat recovery type is used in air-conditioned heating sites during winter. Determine the water consumption and heat source type of the domestic hot water system of the benchmark building. The water consumption of the domestic hot water system of the benchmark building is consistent with that of the designed building. Different benchmark buildings use different heat source forms for domestic hot water systems: user-type gas water heaters are used for residential buildings, while gas boilers are used for public buildings. The cooking energy form of the benchmark building is determined. The cooking energy form of the benchmark building is consistent with that of the designed building. The thermal efficiency of the cooking stove is determined according to the national standard limit. Determine the elevator system type, number of units, design speed, and rated passenger capacity of the reference building, as well as the energy consumption of the vertical elevators during standby and operation. The elevator system type, number of units, design speed, and rated passenger capacity of the reference building shall be consistent with those of the design building. S1.2 Establish a carbon emission calculation model for the designed building: The building envelope is determined based on the building design documents. The building envelope includes the building's shape, size, orientation, internal space division and function, building structural dimensions, building envelope heat transfer coefficient, construction methods, solar thermal coefficient of exterior windows, window-to-wall area ratio, and roof window area. When designing a building that uses movable shading devices, determine the control method of the movable shading devices and the shading coefficient for different seasons. The control methods of movable shading devices include manual control and automatic control, and each control method corresponds to a different shading coefficient for the heating season and the cooling season. Determine the type and energy efficiency of the HVAC system based on the building's design documents; The efficiency of the fan and the circulating water pump meet the requirements of the building's design documents and are not lower than those of the benchmark building; The building is designed to use a centralized fresh air conditioning system, and exhaust heat recovery devices are installed according to the building design documents; For residential buildings and public buildings with centralized domestic hot water systems, the heat source for the domestic hot water system shall be a solar energy system, and the form and thermal efficiency of the auxiliary heat source shall be determined according to the building design documents. Determine the building lighting power density value and electrical equipment power density value based on the building design documents; The design of the building's vertical elevators, escalators, and moving walkways is determined based on the building's design documents and order samples. The vertical elevator configuration includes the form, type, number of units, design speed, and rated passenger capacity. The escalator and moving walkway configuration includes the form, type, number of units, design speed, lifting height, inclination angle, and rated power.

3. The method for calculating building lifecycle carbon emissions based on operational carbon and occult carbon as described in claim 2, characterized in that, S2 is as follows: The entire life cycle of a building is a series of interconnected processes, including building material production, building material transportation, construction, operation and use, demolition and waste disposal; Based on the nature of carbon emissions, carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of a building are divided into operational carbon emissions and implicit carbon emissions. Operational carbon emissions are the sum of greenhouse gas emissions generated during the operation of a building due to energy consumption and water consumption. Energy consumption includes carbon emissions from air conditioning systems, hot water systems, lighting and electrical equipment systems, elevator systems, and cooking systems. Water consumption includes carbon emissions from tap water systems. Implicit carbon emissions are the total greenhouse gas emissions related to materials and construction processes throughout the entire life cycle of a building. Specifically, they include implicit energy consumed in the extraction, refining, processing, transportation, and manufacturing of materials or products. They are categorized by stage into carbon emissions during the building material production stage, carbon emissions during the building material transportation stage, carbon emissions during the building construction stage, carbon emissions during the building use stage, and carbon emissions during the building demolition stage.

4. The method for calculating building lifecycle carbon emissions based on operational carbon and occult carbon as described in claim 3, characterized in that, S3 is as follows: Construct a three-tiered indicator system, including total indicators, intensity indicators, and relative indicators; Building carbon emissions include building life cycle carbon emissions, building operation carbon emissions, and building implicit carbon emissions. Among them, building operation carbon emissions are further subdivided into direct carbon emissions and indirect carbon emissions based on whether fossil fuels are directly burned. The total emissions indicators include carbon emissions throughout the building's life cycle, carbon emissions during building operation, carbon emissions implicit in the building, direct carbon emissions from the building, and indirect carbon emissions from the building. The intensity indicators include carbon emission intensity throughout the building's life cycle, carbon emission intensity during building operation, carbon emission intensity inherent in the building, carbon emission intensity directly generated by the building, and carbon emission intensity indirectly generated by the building. Relative indicators include the carbon reduction rate during building operation and the carbon reduction rate over the entire building life cycle.

5. The method for calculating building lifecycle carbon emissions based on operational carbon and occult carbon as described in claim 4, characterized in that, S4 is as follows: S4.1 Calculate the annual carbon emissions of the HVAC system based on the energy consumption and carbon emission factors of different types of energy in the HVAC system. The calculation formula is as follows: ， in, This indicates the annual carbon emissions of the HVAC system; Indicates the first Annual consumption of this type of energy; Indicates the first Carbon emission factors of energy sources; S4.2 Calculate the carbon emissions of the water supply and drainage system based on the carbon emissions generated by the energy consumption of domestic hot water and the carbon emissions generated by the consumption of tap water; (1) The annual energy consumption of domestic hot water is calculated based on the annual heat consumption of domestic hot water and the heat provided by the solar energy system. The calculation formula is as follows: ， ， ， in, This indicates the annual heat consumption for domestic hot water; Indicates the number of people or units using domestic hot water; This indicates the average daily water consumption quota for hot water; Indicates the design temperature of the hot water; This indicates the calculated temperature of the cold water; Indicates the density of hot water; This indicates the number of days of domestic hot water usage per year; This indicates the amount of heat provided by the solar energy system throughout the year; This indicates the total area of ​​the solar collector; This represents the average daily solar irradiance on the local solar collector's light-receiving surface. This indicates the heat loss rate of the hot water storage tank and pipelines in a solar thermal collector system; This represents the average annual heat collection efficiency of the collector based on the total area. This indicates the annual energy consumption for domestic hot water; This indicates the average annual efficiency of domestic hot water distribution; This indicates the annual average efficiency of the heat source in the domestic hot water system. (2) The formula for calculating tap water consumption is as follows: ， ， in, This indicates the annual consumption of domestic water. Indicates the number of people or units using domestic water; Indicates the domestic water consumption quota; This indicates the number of days of domestic water use per year; This indicates the annual consumption of cooling water for air conditioning circulation. This indicates the building's annual non-traditional water usage. This indicates the annual consumption of tap water; (3) The formula for calculating the carbon emissions of water supply and drainage systems is as follows: ， in, This indicates the annual carbon emissions from water supply and drainage. This indicates the annual energy consumption for domestic hot water; The carbon emission factor representing the energy consumed for domestic hot water; Indicates the carbon emission factor of tap water; S4.3 Calculate the carbon emissions from electricity based on the energy consumption of the lighting system and electrical equipment. The calculation formula is as follows: ， ， ， in, This indicates the annual energy consumption of the lighting system; Indicates the total amount of time; Indicates the total number of rooms; Indicates the first Lighting power density values ​​for each room; Indicates the first Room area; Indicates the first Time Hourly usage rate of lighting in each room; Indicates the annual energy consumption of electrical equipment; Indicates the first Power density values ​​of electrical equipment in each room; Indicates the first Time Hourly usage rate of electrical appliances in each room; This indicates the annual carbon emissions from lighting and electrical equipment. Indicates the carbon emission factor of electricity; S4.4 Calculate the carbon emissions of the elevator system based on the energy consumption of vertical elevators, escalators, and moving walkways. The calculation formula is as follows: ， ， ， ， in, This indicates the annual energy consumption of the vertical elevator; This indicates the specific energy consumption of the elevator; This indicates the elevator's average annual operating time. Indicates the elevator speed; Indicates the elevator's rated load capacity; Indicates standby power consumption; This indicates the average annual standby hours of the elevator; This indicates the annual energy consumption of escalator and moving walkway systems; This indicates energy consumption excluding auxiliary equipment; This indicates the energy consumption including auxiliary equipment; This indicates the number of days an escalator or moving walkway operates per year. This indicates the energy consumption during automatic startup. This indicates energy consumption at low speeds. This indicates the energy consumption under no-load conditions. This indicates the energy consumption when transporting passengers; This indicates the annual carbon emissions of the elevator system; S4.5 The formula for calculating the carbon emissions of the cooking system is as follows: ， in, This indicates the annual carbon emissions from building cooking. This indicates the annual energy consumption for cooking in a building; Indicates the calorific value of energy used for cooking in a building; Indicates the efficiency of cooking equipment; This indicates the carbon emission factor of cooking energy consumption.

6. The method for calculating building lifecycle carbon emissions based on operational carbon and occult carbon as described in claim 5, characterized in that, S5 is detailed below: S5.1 Building Material Production Stage: The consumption of major building materials is estimated based on the building structure, and the total carbon emissions from building material production are estimated according to the proportion of major building materials in the total carbon emissions of building materials. The consumption of building materials is statistically recorded in the project construction data, which includes design documents, BIM models, budget estimates, and procurement lists. The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the building material production stage is as follows: ， in, This indicates the carbon emissions during the building materials production stage; Indicates the first The consumption of various building materials; Indicates the first Carbon emission factors of various building materials; Indicates the type of building materials; S5.2 The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the transportation of building materials is as follows: ， in, This indicates the carbon emissions during the transportation of building materials. Indicates the first Consumption of major building materials; Indicates the first Average transportation distance for various building materials; Indicates the first Carbon emission factor per unit weight of building materials transported over distance; S5.3, Construction Phase: Carbon emissions during the building construction phase include carbon emissions from the main construction project, carbon emissions generated during the implementation of temporary construction facilities, and carbon emissions from temporary construction facilities. (1) The carbon emissions from the construction of the main project include the carbon emissions generated by the energy consumed during the use of various mechanical equipment and small tools in the process of completing each project. The formula for calculating the carbon emissions from the construction of the main project is as follows: ， in, This indicates the carbon emissions during the construction of the main project; Indicates the quantity of work in the project; Indicates the quantity of construction machinery; Indicates the first The project used the first The daily consumption of various types of construction machinery; Indicates the first Energy consumption of various construction machinery; Indicates the first Carbon emission factors of various energy sources; Indicates the first In this project, small construction machinery is not included in the machine shift consumption, but the energy it consumes is included in the energy consumption of materials. Indicates the carbon emission factor for electricity; p represents the serial number of the sub-item project. (2) The carbon emissions generated during the implementation of the measures project consist of the carbon emissions of various measures projects with calculable quantities. Measures projects with calculable quantities include scaffolding, formwork and supports, vertical transportation and building height. The formula for calculating the carbon emissions generated during the implementation of the measures project is as follows: ， in, This indicates the carbon emissions during the implementation of the measures / projects; Indicates the number of measures / items; Indicates the first The measure project uses the first The daily consumption of various types of construction machinery; Indicates the first Energy consumption of various construction machinery; Indicates the first Carbon emission factors of China's energy sector; (3) The formula for calculating the carbon emissions of temporary construction facilities is as follows: ， in, Indicates the carbon emissions of temporary construction facilities; Indicates total man-days; Indicates the carbon emission factor of temporary facilities per unit man-day; (4) The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the building construction phase is as follows: ， in, This indicates the carbon emissions during the building construction phase. S5.4, Building Use Phase: Carbon emissions during the building's use phase include carbon emissions from daily use, maintenance, repairs, replacement of equipment and facilities, and renovations. The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the building's use phase is as follows: ， in, Indicates carbon emissions during the building's usage phase; This indicates the carbon emissions caused by the daily use of a building; This indicates the carbon emissions caused by building maintenance; This indicates the carbon emissions caused by building renovations; This indicates the carbon emissions caused by the replacement of building facilities and equipment; This indicates the carbon emissions caused by building renovation and refurbishment; Indicates the building's designed service life; S5.5 Building Demolition Phase: Carbon emissions during the building demolition phase include carbon emissions from on-site demolition and carbon emissions from off-site transportation. The formula for calculating carbon emissions from on-site demolition is as follows: ， in, Indicates the carbon emissions from on-site demolition; This indicates the building area of ​​the portion of the building that was demolished. This indicates the overall carbon emission factor during the demolition of a building. This indicates the weight of the demolition waste that needs to be broken up; This indicates the comprehensive carbon emission factor of building demolition waste crushing; Indicates the area occupied by the part of the building being demolished; This indicates the comprehensive carbon emission factor for site leveling during building demolition. The formula for calculating carbon emissions from off-site transportation is as follows: ， ， in, Indicates carbon emissions from off-site transportation; Indicates the first The weight of the waste; This indicates the building area of ​​the portion of the building that was demolished. The first sign of demolishing a building Indicators for the amount of waste generated; Indicates the first The transportation distance of this type of waste; Indicates the first Carbon emission factor per unit weight of waste transported over distance; The formula for calculating carbon emissions during the building demolition phase is as follows: ， in, This indicates the carbon emissions during the building demolition phase.

7. The method for calculating building lifecycle carbon emissions based on operational carbon and occult carbon as described in claim 6, characterized in that, S6 Specifically as follows: S6.1, Carbon Offset in Building Operations: The annual carbon offset of renewable energy generation is further calculated by calculating the annual power generation of the photovoltaic system. The calculation formula is as follows: ， ， in, This indicates the annual power generation of the photovoltaic system; This represents the projected annual power generation per unit area when photovoltaic modules are installed horizontally. These represent the tilt and azimuth correction factors for photovoltaic modules. Indicates the net area of ​​the photovoltaic module; Indicates the carbon emission factor of electricity; This indicates the annual carbon offset from renewable energy generation; S6.2, Implicit Carbon Offset in Buildings: The implicit carbon offset of buildings includes the carbon reduction from using safe and durable materials, the carbon reduction from using green building materials, and the carbon reduction from using low-carbon building structural systems. The calculation formula is as follows: ， in, Indicates the building's implicit carbon offset; This indicates the amount of carbon reduction achieved by using structural materials with safe and durable properties; This indicates the carbon reduction achieved by using exterior finishing materials with safe and durable properties; This indicates the carbon reduction achieved through the use of green building materials; This indicates the amount of carbon reduction achieved by using a low-carbon building structure system.

8. The method for calculating building lifecycle carbon emissions based on operational carbon and occult carbon as described in claim 7, characterized in that, S7 is detailed below: (1) Total indicators: Carbon emissions throughout the building's life cycle: ; Carbon emissions from building operations: ; Hidden carbon emissions from buildings: ; Direct carbon emissions from buildings: ; Indirect carbon emissions from buildings: ; in, This indicates the carbon emissions over the entire life cycle of a building; This represents the carbon emissions from building operation; y represents the building's design lifespan in years. Indicates the building's hidden carbon emissions; Indicates the direct carbon emissions from buildings; This indicates the direct carbon emissions of the HVAC system; This indicates the direct carbon emissions from the water supply and drainage system. This indicates the direct carbon emissions from the combustion of cooking gas. Indicates indirect carbon emissions from buildings; This indicates the indirect carbon emissions from HVAC systems. This indicates the indirect carbon emissions from the water supply and drainage system; Indicates the indirect carbon emissions from lighting and electrical equipment; This indicates the indirect carbon emissions of the elevator system; This indicates the indirect carbon emissions from kitchen appliances; (2) Strength index: Carbon intensity throughout the building's life cycle: ; Building operation carbon intensity: ; Hidden carbon intensity of buildings: ; Direct carbon intensity of buildings: ; Building indirect carbon intensity: ; in, Indicates the carbon emission intensity over the entire life cycle of a building; Indicates the carbon emission intensity of building operations; Indicates the building's implicit carbon emission intensity; Indicates the intensity of direct carbon emissions from buildings; Indicates the building's indirect carbon emission intensity; Indicates building area; (3) Relative indicators: Carbon reduction rate of building operations: ; Carbon reduction rate throughout the building's life cycle: ; in, Indicates the carbon reduction rate of building operations; Indicates the carbon emission intensity of the benchmark building operation; Indicates the carbon emission intensity of the building under design and operation; Indicates the carbon reduction rate over the entire life cycle of a building; This represents the carbon emission intensity over the entire life cycle of a benchmark building; It indicates the carbon emission intensity of the building throughout its entire life cycle.

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