Wine grape cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wine grapes, in particular to a wine grape cultivation method which comprises the following steps: preparing to cultivate wine grape plants, forming planting ditches, applying base fertilizer in the planting ditches, covering soil and backfilling, adding soil amendment, backfilling to deep ditches until the deep ditches are filled and leveled up, and transplanting grape seedlings into the planting ditches. When the wine grape plants grow to a germination period to a color changing period, the wine grape plants are irrigated with a care solution in the germination period to the color changing period; when the wine grape plants grow from the color changing period to the mature period, a nutrient solution is irrigated from the color changing period to the mature period, and then a urea solution is sprayed on leaf surfaces in a matched mode; when the wine grape plants grow from the mature period to the deciduous period, a nutrient solution is irrigated from the mature period to the deciduous period; and after water management, beginning to fix tips and pinch. On the premise that the quality and yield of grapes are guaranteed, simplified, efficient and sustainable development of the cultivation process is achieved through scientific and reasonable management means.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wine grape technology, and more specifically, to a method for cultivating wine grapes. Background Technology

[0002] The Yanqi Basin grape-growing region, located south of the Tianshan Mountains and northeast of the Tarim Basin (85°13′19″–86°44′00″ E, 41°45′31″–42°20′45″ N), consists of uncultivated barren Gobi desert land. The soil is predominantly sandy and gravelly, with a hard alkali crust and low organic matter content. It is one of the regions with a long history of viticulture and is suitable for producing high-quality wine grapes. While the region possesses unique climatic and geographical advantages, the sustainable development of its grape and wine industry faces the dual challenges of water scarcity and insufficient soil fertility. Efficient management of water resources and soil fertility is therefore crucial.

[0003] In current technology, the organic matter content of soil in most wine grape bases is below 0.5%, or even less than 0.1%, resulting in insufficient soil fertility and affecting the grape roots' ability to absorb nutrients. Sandy soils drain quickly, leading to easy nutrient loss; clay soils drain slowly, making them prone to soil structure problems, which hinder deep root development and nutrient absorption. There is a widespread phenomenon of excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer and insufficient application of organic fertilizer, resulting in soil nutrient imbalance, decreased fertility, and even soil salinization and alkalization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method for cultivating wine grapes that simplifies, increases efficiency, and promotes sustainable development of the cultivation process through scientific and rational management, while ensuring grape quality and yield.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for cultivating wine grapes, comprising the following steps: (1) Prepare to cultivate wine grape vines, open planting trenches, apply base fertilizer in the planting trenches, cover with soil and backfill, add soil conditioner and backfill to the deep trench until the deep trench is filled, and transplant grape seedlings into the planting trenches. (2) When the wine grape vines grow to the budding to veraison stage, irrigate with the budding to veraison irrigation solution; (3) When the wine grape vines grow to the veraison stage and the ripening stage, irrigate with nutrient solution during the veraison stage and the ripening stage, and then spray urea solution on the leaves. (4) When the wine grape vines grow to the ripening stage to the leaf fall stage, irrigate with nutrient solution during the ripening stage to the leaf fall stage; (5) Apply nutrient solution once every 5 days after sunset from March to May, and once every 3 days after sunset from June to September. The amount of water applied is 5L. Water thoroughly each time. The humidity is controlled within the range of 60% to 80% by monitoring the soil temperature and humidity with a soil temperature and humidity meter. (6) When most of the new shoots of each plant grow to 10cm, start to fix the shoots, leaving a total of 5 new shoots. For trees with strong growth, leave 4 new shoots for fruiting and one vegetative branch; for trees with average growth, leave 2-3 fruiting branches and the rest as vegetative branches. When the new shoots grow to 15cm, tie the new shoots with wires on both sides to let them grow upwards. When there are fruits and the new shoots have more than 10 large functional leaves, start to pinch the tips and remove the secondary shoots. Leave 2-3 nodes above the fruit until the early growth stage without removing the secondary shoots.

[0006] Preferably, in step (1), the soil conditioner includes organic fertilizer and saline-alkali soil conditioner, and the mass ratio of organic fertilizer to saline-alkali soil conditioner is 4-8:1-3.

[0007] Preferably, the organic fertilizer is button mushroom residue organic fertilizer, which is obtained by fermenting button mushroom residue with chicken manure and cow manure respectively; the chicken manure and button mushroom residue, and the cow manure and button mushroom residue are mixed in a mass ratio of 1-3:3-5.

[0008] Preferably, the saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises 20-30% humic acid, 10-15% microbial inoculant, 20-28% zeolite powder, 12-15% gypsum, and 10-15% starch and 10-15% microbial inoculant, wherein the microbial inoculant comprises, by weight, 20-25 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 12-20 parts of Bacillus licheniformis.

[0009] Preferably, in step (1), the base fertilizer includes, by mass, 15-30 parts straw, 8-15 parts desulfurized gypsum, 5-12 parts rice bran, and 2-5 parts urea.

[0010] Preferably, in step (1), when the grape seedlings are transplanted into the planting trench, the excavation depth is 15-20cm; at the same time, 15-30g of piper granules per plant are applied to one side of the planting trench.

[0011] Preferably, in step (2), the nursing solution comprises the following raw materials: 10-15 parts borax, 3-5 parts manganese sulfate, 0.5-1.5 parts polysorbate, 0.5-1.5 parts calcium caseinate, 2-4 parts calcium chloride, 1-2 parts ammonium molybdate, 2-5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3-5 parts sugar alcohol calcium, and 1-2 parts ferrous sulfate; the nursing solution is prepared by mixing the raw materials thoroughly, diluting them with water 800-1000 times, and dissolving them completely.

[0012] Preferably, in step (3), the nutrient solution includes high phosphorus and potassium, zinc and high potassium and calcium, specifically including N 150-200 mg / L, P 50-80 mg / L, K 200-250 mg / L, Ca 100-150 mg / L, Mg 50-80 mg / L, Fe 2.5-3.0 mg / L, Zn 0.5-1.0 mg / L, B 0.5-1.0 mg / L.

[0013] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 0. This invention improves soil quality and fertility by modifying soil structure, increasing the application of organic and microbial fertilizers, and covering with straw. Based on the nutrient requirements of grapes at different growth stages, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are applied scientifically, and drip irrigation technology is used to improve water use efficiency.

[0014] 2. This invention can improve grape yield and quality through soil improvement, rational fertilization, and scientific irrigation. Increased application of organic fertilizer can not only significantly improve soil quality, reduce soil acidification and salinization, and enhance soil fertility, but also significantly improve fertilizer utilization, noticeably improve fruit quality, and ensure stable and high grape yields.

[0015] 3. The high-quality, simple and efficient wine grape cultivation method of this invention integrates modern agronomic technology and ecological management concepts, which significantly optimizes production costs, resource utilization efficiency and ecological sustainability while ensuring fruit quality.

[0016] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the high-quality, simple, and efficient grape cultivation method for winemaking according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be noted that: unless otherwise specified, the conditions in the following embodiments are carried out according to conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the following embodiments can be obtained from commercially available sources.

[0019] Example Example 1 A method for cultivating wine grapes includes the following steps: (1) Prepare to cultivate wine grape vines, open planting trenches, apply base fertilizer in the planting trenches, cover with soil and backfill, add soil conditioner and backfill to the deep trench until the deep trench is filled, and transplant grape seedlings into the planting trenches.

[0020] The soil conditioner includes organic fertilizer and a saline-alkali soil conditioner, with a mass ratio of 4:1. The organic fertilizer is Agaricus bisporus spawn residue organic fertilizer, which is produced by fermenting Agaricus bisporus spawn residue with chicken manure and cow manure separately; chicken manure and Agaricus bisporus spawn residue, and cow manure and Agaricus bisporus spawn residue are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:3. The saline-alkali soil conditioner includes 20% humic acid, 10% microbial inoculant, 20% zeolite powder, 12% gypsum, 10% starch, and 10% [unclear - possibly a specific ingredient or ingredient]. The microbial inoculant, by weight, includes 20 parts Bacillus subtilis and 12 parts Bacillus licheniformis.

[0021] The base fertilizer consists of the following components by weight: 15 parts straw, 8 parts desulfurized gypsum, 5 parts rice bran, and 2 parts urea.

[0022] When transplanting grape seedlings into the planting trench, the trench should be dug to a depth of 15cm; at the same time, apply 15g of pyrethroid granules per seedling to one side of the planting trench.

[0023] (2) When the wine grape vines grow to the budding to color-changing stage, irrigate with the budding to color-changing stage irrigation solution; the irrigation solution includes the following raw materials: 10 parts borax, 3 parts manganese sulfate, 0.5 parts polysorbate, 0.5 parts calcium caseinate, 2 parts calcium chloride, 1 part ammonium molybdate, 2 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 parts sugar alcohol calcium, and 1 part ferrous sulfate; the preparation method of the irrigation solution is: mix the raw materials thoroughly, dilute with water 1000 times, and dissolve thoroughly.

[0024] (3) When the wine grape vines grow to the veraison stage and the ripening stage, irrigate with nutrient solution during the veraison stage and the ripening stage, and then spray urea solution on the leaves; the nutrient solution includes high phosphorus and potassium, zinc and high potassium and calcium, specifically including N 150 mg / L, P 50 mg / L, K 200 mg / L, Ca 100 mg / L, Mg 50 mg / L, Fe 2.5 mg / L, Zn 0.5 mg / L, B 0.5 mg / L.

[0025] (4) When the wine grape vines grow to the maturity stage to the leaf fall stage, irrigate with nutrient solution.

[0026] (5) Apply nutrient solution once every 5 days after sunset from March to May, and once every 3 days after sunset from June to September. The amount of nutrient solution applied is 5L. Each application should be thorough. The humidity should be controlled within the range of 60% to 80% by monitoring the soil temperature and humidity.

[0027] (6) When most of the new shoots of each plant grow to 10cm, start to fix the shoots, leaving a total of 5 new shoots. For trees with strong growth, leave 4 new shoots for fruiting and one vegetative branch; for trees with average growth, leave 2-3 fruiting branches and the rest as vegetative branches. When the new shoots grow to 15cm, tie the new shoots with wires on both sides to let them grow upwards. When there are fruits and the new shoots have more than 10 large functional leaves, start to pinch the tips and remove the secondary shoots. Leave 2-3 nodes above the fruit until the early growth stage without removing the secondary shoots.

[0028] Example 2 A method for cultivating wine grapes includes the following steps: (2) Prepare to cultivate wine grape vines, open planting trenches, apply base fertilizer in the planting trenches, cover with soil and backfill, add soil conditioner and backfill to the deep trench until the deep trench is filled, and transplant grape seedlings into the planting trenches.

[0029] The soil conditioner includes organic fertilizer and saline-alkali soil conditioner, with a mass ratio of 5:2. The organic fertilizer is Agaricus bisporus mycelium residue organic fertilizer, which is produced by fermenting Agaricus bisporus mycelium residue with chicken manure and cow manure respectively; chicken manure and Agaricus bisporus mycelium residue, and cow manure and Agaricus bisporus mycelium residue are mixed at a mass ratio of 2:3. The saline-alkali soil conditioner includes 25% humic acid, 12% microbial inoculant, 24% zeolite powder, 13% gypsum, 13% starch, and 12% microbial inoculant. The microbial inoculant, by weight, includes 22 parts Bacillus subtilis and 15 parts Bacillus licheniformis.

[0030] The base fertilizer, by weight, consists of: 21 parts straw, 12 parts desulfurized gypsum, 10 parts rice bran, and 3 parts urea.

[0031] When transplanting grape seedlings into the planting trench, the digging depth should be 20cm; at the same time, apply 20g of piperazine granules per seedling to one side of the planting trench.

[0032] (2) When the wine grape vines grow to the budding to color-changing stage, irrigate with the budding to color-changing stage irrigation solution; the irrigation solution includes the following raw materials: 12 parts borax, 4 parts manganese sulfate, 1.2 parts polysorbate, 1.2 parts calcium caseinate, 3 parts calcium chloride, 2 parts ammonium molybdate, 3 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 4 parts sugar alcohol calcium, and 1 part ferrous sulfate; the preparation method of the irrigation solution is: mix the raw materials thoroughly, dilute with water 1000 times, and dissolve thoroughly.

[0033] (3) When the wine grape vines grow to the veraison stage and the ripening stage, irrigate with nutrient solution during the veraison stage and the ripening stage, and then spray urea solution on the leaves. The nutrient solution includes high phosphorus and potassium, zinc and high potassium and calcium, specifically including N 180 mg / L, P 60 mg / L, K 220 mg / L, Ca 120 mg / L, Mg 60 mg / L, Fe 2.8 mg / L, Zn 0.8 mg / L, B 0.6 mg / L.

[0034] (4) When the wine grape vines grow to the maturity stage to the leaf fall stage, irrigate with nutrient solution.

[0035] (5) Apply nutrient solution once every 5 days after sunset from March to May, and once every 3 days after sunset from June to September. The amount of nutrient solution applied is 5L. Each application should be thorough. The humidity should be controlled within the range of 60% to 80% by monitoring the soil temperature and humidity.

[0036] (6) When most of the new shoots of each plant grow to 10cm, start to fix the shoots, leaving a total of 5 new shoots. For trees with strong growth, leave 4 new shoots for fruiting and one vegetative branch; for trees with average growth, leave 2-3 fruiting branches and the rest as vegetative branches. When the new shoots grow to 15cm, tie the new shoots with wires on both sides to let them grow upwards. When there are fruits and the new shoots have more than 10 large functional leaves, start to pinch the tips and remove the secondary shoots. Leave 2-3 nodes above the fruit until the early growth stage without removing the secondary shoots.

[0037] Example 3 A method for cultivating wine grapes includes the following steps: (3) Prepare to cultivate wine grape vines, open planting trenches, apply base fertilizer in the planting trenches, cover with soil and backfill, add soil conditioner and backfill to the deep trench until the deep trench is filled, and transplant grape seedlings into the planting trenches.

[0038] The soil conditioner includes organic fertilizer and saline-alkali soil conditioner, with a mass ratio of 8:3. The organic fertilizer is Agaricus bisporus spawn residue organic fertilizer, which is produced by fermenting Agaricus bisporus spawn residue with chicken manure and cow manure separately; chicken manure and Agaricus bisporus spawn residue, and cow manure and Agaricus bisporus spawn residue are mixed at a mass ratio of 3:5. The saline-alkali soil conditioner includes 30% humic acid, 15% microbial inoculant, 28% zeolite powder, 15% gypsum, 15% starch, and 15% microbial inoculant, by weight: 25 parts Bacillus subtilis and 20 parts Bacillus licheniformis.

[0039] The base fertilizer consists of the following components by weight: 30 parts straw, 15 parts desulfurized gypsum, 12 parts rice bran, and 5 parts urea.

[0040] When transplanting grape seedlings into the planting trench, the trench should be dug to a depth of 20cm; at the same time, apply 30g of pyrethroid granules per seedling to one side of the planting trench.

[0041] (2) When the wine grape vines grow to the budding to color-changing stage, irrigate with the budding to color-changing stage irrigation solution; the irrigation solution includes the following raw materials: 15 parts borax, 5 parts manganese sulfate, 1.5 parts polysorbate, 1.5 parts calcium caseinate, 4 parts calcium chloride, 2 parts ammonium molybdate, 5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 parts sugar alcohol calcium, and 2 parts ferrous sulfate; the preparation method of the irrigation solution is: mix the raw materials thoroughly, dilute with water 1000 times, and dissolve thoroughly.

[0042] (3) When the wine grape vines grow to the veraison stage to the ripening stage, irrigate with nutrient solution during the veraison stage to the ripening stage, and then spray urea solution on the leaves; the nutrient solution includes high phosphorus and potassium, zinc and high potassium and calcium, specifically including N 200 mg / L, P 80 mg / L, K 250 mg / L, Ca 150 mg / L, Mg 80 mg / L, Fe 3.0 mg / L, Zn 1.0 mg / L, B 1.0 mg / L.

[0043] (4) When the wine grape vines grow to the maturity stage to the leaf fall stage, irrigate with nutrient solution.

[0044] (5) Apply nutrient solution once every 5 days after sunset from March to May, and once every 3 days after sunset from June to September. The amount of nutrient solution applied is 5L. Each application should be thorough. The humidity should be controlled within the range of 60% to 80% by monitoring the soil temperature and humidity.

[0045] (6) When most of the new shoots of each plant grow to 10cm, start to fix the shoots, leaving a total of 5 new shoots. For trees with strong growth, leave 4 new shoots for fruiting and one vegetative branch; for trees with average growth, leave 2-3 fruiting branches and the rest as vegetative branches. When the new shoots grow to 15cm, tie the new shoots with wires on both sides to let them grow upwards. When there are fruits and the new shoots have more than 10 large functional leaves, start to pinch the tips and remove the secondary shoots. Leave 2-3 nodes above the fruit until the early growth stage without removing the secondary shoots.

[0046] Comparative Example 1 Similar to Example 2, except that no soil conditioner was added during backfilling.

[0047] Comparative Example 2 Same as Example 2, except that no saline-alkali soil conditioner was added to the soil conditioner during backfilling.

[0048] Comparative Example 3 Similar to Example 2, except that no button mushroom residue organic fertilizer was added to the soil conditioner during backfilling.

[0049] The soil salinity, soil pH, and survival rate of wine grape seedlings in the saline-alkali land used for wine grape cultivation in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were tested, and the results are shown in Table 1: Table 1 As shown in Table 1, the grape cultivation method adopted in the examples has shown a significant effect in increasing yield. Through measures such as high-standard vineyard establishment, scientific pruning, variety improvement, soil improvement, fertilizer and water management, simplified cultivation mode and mechanized management, the yield and quality of grapes can be significantly improved.

[0050] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating wine grapes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Prepare to cultivate wine grape vines, open planting trenches, apply base fertilizer in the planting trenches, cover with soil and backfill, add soil conditioner and backfill to the deep trench until the deep trench is filled, and transplant grape seedlings into the planting trenches. (2) When the wine grape vines grow to the budding to veraison stage, irrigate with the budding to veraison irrigation solution; (3) When the wine grape vines grow to the veraison stage and the ripening stage, irrigate with nutrient solution during the veraison stage and the ripening stage, and then spray urea solution on the leaves. (4) When the wine grape vines grow to the ripening stage to the leaf fall stage, irrigate with nutrient solution during the ripening stage to the leaf fall stage; (5) Apply nutrient solution once every 5 days after sunset from March to May, and once every 3 days after sunset from June to September. The amount of water applied is 5L. Water thoroughly each time. The humidity is controlled within the range of 60% to 80% by monitoring the soil temperature and humidity with a soil temperature and humidity meter. (6) When most of the new shoots of each plant grow to 10cm, start to fix the shoots, leaving a total of 5 new shoots. For trees with strong growth, leave 4 new shoots for fruiting and 1 vegetative branch; for trees with average growth, leave 2-3 fruiting branches and the rest as vegetative branches. When the new shoots grow to 15cm, tie the new shoots with wires on both sides to allow them to grow upwards. When there are fruits and the new shoots have more than 10 large functional leaves, start to pinch the tips and remove the lateral shoots. Leave 2-3 nodes above the fruit until the early growth stage without removing the lateral shoots. In step (1), the soil conditioner includes organic fertilizer and saline-alkali soil conditioner, and the mass ratio of organic fertilizer to saline-alkali soil conditioner is 4-8:1-3; The organic fertilizer is button mushroom residue organic fertilizer, which is prepared by fermenting button mushroom residue with chicken manure and cow manure respectively; the chicken manure and button mushroom residue, and the cow manure and button mushroom residue are mixed in a mass ratio of 1-3:3-5.

2. The method for cultivating wine grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises 20-30% humic acid, 10-15% microbial inoculant, 20-28% zeolite powder, 12-15% gypsum, 10-15% starch, and 10-15% microbial inoculant. The microbial inoculant, by weight, comprises 20-25 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 12-20 parts of Bacillus licheniformis.

3. The method for cultivating wine grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the base fertilizer includes the following components by weight: 15-30 parts straw, 8-15 parts desulfurized gypsum, 5-12 parts rice bran, and 2-5 parts urea.

4. The method for cultivating wine grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), when the grape seedlings are transplanted into the planting trench, the excavation depth is 15-20cm; at the same time, 15-30g of piper granules per plant are applied to one side of the planting trench.

5. The method for cultivating wine grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the care solution includes the following raw materials: 10-15 parts borax, 3-5 parts manganese sulfate, 0.5-1.5 parts polysorbate, 0.5-1.5 parts calcium caseinate, 2-4 parts calcium chloride, 1-2 parts ammonium molybdate, 2-5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3-5 parts sugar alcohol calcium, and 1-2 parts ferrous sulfate. The preparation method of the care solution is as follows: mix the raw materials thoroughly, dilute with water 800-1000 times, and dissolve thoroughly.

6. The method for cultivating wine grapes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the nutrient solution includes high phosphorus and potassium, zinc and high potassium and calcium, specifically including N 150-200 mg / L, P 50-80 mg / L, K 200-250 mg / L, Ca 100-150 mg / L, Mg 50-80 mg / L, Fe 2.5-3.0 mg / L, Zn 0.5-1.0 mg / L, B 0.5-1.0 mg / L.

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